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Tian Y, Liu YF, Wang YY, Li YZ, Ding WY, Zhang C. Molecular mechanisms of PTEN in atherosclerosis: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176857. [PMID: 39094923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall caused by an imbalance of lipid metabolism and a maladaptive inflammatory response. A variety of harmful cellular changes associated with atherosclerosis include endothelial dysfunction, the migration of circulating inflammatory cells to the arterial wall, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, lipid buildup in the intima, local inflammatory responses in blood vessels, atherosclerosis-associated apoptosis, and autophagy. PTEN inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity. Previous studies have shown that PTEN is closely related to atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of PTEN in atherosclerosis from the perspectives of autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, China, 643099, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Ding
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhao R. Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38308368 PMCID: PMC10837901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the stimulation of resident immune cells of the brain and the penetration of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory processes facilitate the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Managing neuroinflammation to restore immune homeostasis and decrease neuronal damage is a therapeutic approach for AD. One way to achieve this is through exercise, which can improve brain function and protect against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction in AD models. The neuroprotective impact of exercise is regulated by various molecular factors that can be activated in the same way as exercise by the administration of their mimetics. Recent evidence has proven some exercise mimetics effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and AD, and, additionally, they are a helpful alternative option for patients who are unable to perform regular physical exercise to manage neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on exercise mimetics, including their efficacy, regulatory mechanisms, progress, challenges, limitations, and future guidance for their application in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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Shang R, Miao J. Mechanisms and effects of metformin on skeletal muscle disorders. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1275266. [PMID: 37928155 PMCID: PMC10621799 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1275266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disorders are mostly genetic and include several rare diseases. With disease progression, muscle fibrosis and adiposis occur, resulting in limited mobility. The long course of these diseases combined with limited treatment options affect patients both psychologically and economically, hence the development of novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases is crucial to obtain a better quality of life. As a widely used hypoglycemic drug in clinical practice, metformin not only has anti-inflammatory, autophagy-regulating, and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating effects, but it has also been reported to improve the symptoms of neuromuscular diseases, delay hypokinesia, and regulate skeletal muscle mass. However, metformin's specific mechanism of action in neuromuscular diseases requires further elucidation. This review summarizes the evidence showing that metformin can regulate inflammation, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis through different pathways, and further explores its mechanism of action in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, statin-associated muscle disorders, and age-related sarcopenia. This review clarifies the directions of future research on therapy for neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Zaongo SD, Chen Y. Metformin may be a viable adjunctive therapeutic option to potentially enhance immune reconstitution in HIV-positive immunological non-responders. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2147-2155. [PMID: 37247620 PMCID: PMC10508460 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Incomplete immune reconstitution remains a global challenge for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in the present era of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially for those individuals referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs), who exhibit dramatically low CD4 + T-cell counts despite the use of effective antiretroviral therapy, with long-term inhibition of viral replication. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the concept of ART-treated HIV-positive immunological non-response, and also explain the known mechanisms which could potentially account for the emergence of immunological non-response in some HIV-infected individuals treated with appropriate and effective ART. We found that immune cell exhaustion, combined with chronic inflammation and the HIV-associated dysbiosis syndrome, may represent strategic aspects of the immune response that may be fundamental to incomplete immune recovery. Interestingly, we noted from the literature that metformin exhibits properties and characteristics that may potentially be useful to specifically target immune cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, and HIV-associated gut dysbiosis syndrome, mechanisms which are now recognized for their critically important complicity in HIV disease-related incomplete immune recovery. In light of evidence discussed in this review, it can be seen that metformin may be of particularly favorable use if utilized as adjunctive treatment in INRs to potentially enhance immune reconstitution. The approach described herein may represent a promising area of therapeutic intervention, aiding in significantly reducing the risk of HIV disease progression and mortality in a particularly vulnerable subgroup of HIV-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
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5
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Puertas-Umbert L, Almendra-Pegueros R, Jiménez-Altayó F, Sirvent M, Galán M, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Novel pharmacological approaches in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1167-1194. [PMID: 37559446 PMCID: PMC10415166 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe vascular disease and a major public health issue with an unmet medical need for therapy. This disease is featured by a progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, boosted by atherosclerosis, ageing, and smoking as major risk factors. Aneurysm growth increases the risk of aortic rupture, a life-threatening emergency with high mortality rates. Despite the increasing progress in our knowledge about the etiopathology of AAA, an effective pharmacological treatment against this disorder remains elusive and surgical repair is still the unique available therapeutic approach for high-risk patients. Meanwhile, there is no medical alternative for patients with small aneurysms but close surveillance. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, statins, doxycycline, or anti-platelet drugs, among others, failed to demonstrate a clear benefit limiting AAA growth, while data from ongoing clinical trials addressing the benefit of metformin on aneurysm progression are eagerly awaited. Recent preclinical studies have postulated new therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies paving the way for the implementation of future clinical studies exploring these novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarises some of the most relevant clinical and preclinical studies in search of new therapeutic approaches for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Sirvent
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular del Hospital Universitari General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Witham MD, Granic A, Pearson E, Robinson SM, Sayer AA. Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. Drugs Aging 2023:10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4. [PMID: 37486575 PMCID: PMC10371965 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength and mass or quality, is a common condition with major adverse consequences. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, there are common mechanisms between sarcopenia and the phenomenon of accelerated ageing seen in diabetes mellitus. Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. This review summarises shared pathophysiology between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus, including the effects of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and changes to the insulin signalling pathway. Cellular and animal models have generated intriguing, albeit mixed, evidence that supports possible beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function for some classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Most human observational and intervention evidence for the effects of these drugs has been derived from populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a need for intervention studies for older people with, and at risk of, sarcopenia to further investigate the balance of benefit and risk in these target populations. Not all diabetes treatments will be safe to use in those without diabetes because of variable side effects across classes. However, some agents [including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors] have already demonstrated benefits in populations without diabetes, and it is these agents, along with metformin, that hold out the most promise for further investigation in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Xie EF, Hilkert Rodriguez S, Xie B, D’Souza M, Reem G, Sulakhe D, Skondra D. Identifying novel candidate compounds for therapeutic strategies in retinopathy of prematurity via computational drug-gene association analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1151239. [PMID: 37492605 PMCID: PMC10365641 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1151239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Although interventions such as anti-VEGF and laser have high success rates in treating severe ROP, current treatment and preventative strategies still have their limitations. Thus, we aim to identify drugs and chemicals for ROP with comprehensive safety profiles and tolerability using a computational bioinformatics approach. Methods We generated a list of genes associated with ROP to date by querying PubMed Gene which draws from animal models, human studies, and genomic studies in the NCBI database. Gene enrichment analysis was performed on the ROP gene list with the ToppGene program which draws from multiple drug-gene interaction databases to predict compounds with significant associations to the ROP gene list. Compounds with significant toxicities or without known clinical indications were filtered out from the final drug list. Results The NCBI query identified 47 ROP genes with pharmacologic annotations present in ToppGene. Enrichment analysis revealed multiple drugs and chemical compounds related to the ROP gene list. The top ten most significant compounds associated with ROP include ascorbic acid, simvastatin, acetylcysteine, niacin, castor oil, penicillamine, curcumin, losartan, capsaicin, and metformin. Antioxidants, NSAIDs, antihypertensives, and anti-diabetics are the most common top drug classes derived from this analysis, and many of these compounds have potential to be readily repurposed for ROP as new prevention and treatment strategies. Conclusion This bioinformatics analysis creates an unbiased approach for drug discovery by identifying compounds associated to the known genes and pathways of ROP. While predictions from bioinformatic studies require preclinical/clinical studies to validate their results, this technique could certainly guide future investigations for pathologies like ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Xie
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah Hilkert Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gonnah Reem
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hsu CN, Hsuan CF, Liao D, Chang JKJ, Chang AJW, Hee SW, Lee HL, Teng SIF. Anti-Diabetic Therapy and Heart Failure: Recent Advances in Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanism. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37109553 PMCID: PMC10144651 DOI: 10.3390/life13041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have a two- to four-fold increase in the risk of heart failure (HF), and the co-existence of diabetes and HF is associated with poor prognosis. In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), compelling evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on HF. The mechanism includes increased glucosuria, restored tubular glomerular feedback with attenuated renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone activation, improved energy utilization, decreased sympathetic tone, improved mitochondria calcium homeostasis, enhanced autophagy, and reduced cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The RCTs demonstrated a neutral effect of the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist on HF despite its weight-reducing effect, probably due to it possibly increasing the heart rate via increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Observational studies supported the markedly beneficial effects of bariatric and metabolic surgery on HF despite no current supporting evidence from RCTs. Bromocriptine can be used to treat peripartum cardiomyopathy by reducing the harmful cleaved prolactin fragments during late pregnancy. Preclinical studies suggest the possible beneficial effect of imeglimin on HF through improving mitochondrial function, but further clinical evidence is needed. Although abundant preclinical and observational studies support the beneficial effects of metformin on HF, there is limited evidence from RCTs. Thiazolidinediones increase the risk of hospitalized HF through increasing renal tubular sodium reabsorption mediated via both the genomic and non-genomic action of PPARγ. RCTs suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, including saxagliptin and possibly alogliptin, may increase the risk of hospitalized HF, probably owing to increased circulating vasoactive peptides, which impair endothelial function, activate sympathetic tones, and cause cardiac remodeling. Observational studies and RCTs have demonstrated the neutral effects of insulin, sulfonylureas, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and lifestyle interventions on HF in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Neng Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jack Keng-Jui Chang
- Biological Programs for Younger Scholar, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Allen Jiun-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sean I. F. Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Ming-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
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Liu L, Yang H, Kuang SJ, Zhang L, Zhou MY, Zeng P, Zhang MZ, Rao F, Zhou ZL, Deng CY. Contribution of calcium dysregulation to impaired coronary artery contraction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:158-168. [PMID: 36309970 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic coronary artery injury is closely associated with Ca2+ dysregulation, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the role and mechanism of Ca2+ handling in coronary artery dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used as the type 2 diabetes mellitus model. The contractility of coronary artery rings induced by KCl, CaCl2 , 5-HT and U46619 was significantly lower in ZDF rats than in Zucker lean rats. Vasoconstriction induced by 5-HT and U46619 was greatly inhibited by nifedipine. However, in the presence of 1 μM nifedipine or in the Ca2+ -free KH solution containing 1 μM nifedipine, there was no difference in the vasoconstriction between Zucker lean and ZDF rats. Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) were not involved in coronary vasoconstriction. The downregulation of contractile proteins and the upregulation of synthesized proteins were in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) from ZDF rats. Metformin reversed the reduction of vasoconstriction in ZDF rats. Taken together, L-type calcium channel is important for regulating the excitation-contraction coupling of VSMCs in coronary arteries, and dysregulation of this channel contributes to the decreased contractility of coronary arteries in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Juan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of biological science and engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of biological science and engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhou
- Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Chun-Yu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of biological science and engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Pohlhammer J, Heinzl MW, Klammer C, Feldbauer R, Rosenberger K, Resl M, Wagner T, Obendorf F, Egger‐Salmhofer M, Dieplinger B, Clodi M. Glucose and lipopolysaccharide differentially regulate fibroblast growth factor 21 in healthy male human volunteers - A prospective cross-over trial. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5998-6005. [PMID: 36415151 PMCID: PMC9753437 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) affects the regulation of metabolism. Additionally, anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to FGF21, and studies in animals and humans show conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate how FGF21 is affected by glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in humans. Therefore, FGF21 was measured eight times at different time points within 48 h in this prospective cross-over trial after glucose and LPS on two different study days. The study included ten healthy, non-smoking male subjects aged 18-40. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-test as post hoc analysis were applied. The administration of glucose and LPS resulted in a significant difference in regulating FGF21 (p < 0.001). After glucose administration, FGF21 declined sharply at 360 min, with a subsequent steep increase that exceeded baseline levels. LPS induced a drop in FGF21 after 180 min, while the baseline concentrations were not reached. After 180 min and 24 h, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated after adjusting the Bonferroni-Holm method. So, our results support the hypothesis that glucose and LPS differentially affect the human expression of FGF21 over 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pohlhammer
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Matthias Wolfgang Heinzl
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Roland Feldbauer
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | | | - Michael Resl
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Florian Obendorf
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
| | - Margot Egger‐Salmhofer
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige SchwesternLinzAustria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige SchwesternLinzAustria
| | - Martin Clodi
- Department of MedicineKonventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz)LinzAustria,ICMR–Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU LinzLinzAustria
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Goel S, Singh R, Singh V, Singh H, Kumari P, Chopra H, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Emran TB. Metformin: Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022739. [PMID: 36386794 PMCID: PMC9659887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels, improves the body’s response to insulin. In addition, trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the diabetic population receiving the drug. Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the major pathway for these potential beneficial effects of metformin. Historically, much emphasis has been placed on the potential indications of metformin beyond its anti-diabetic use. This review aims to appraise other potential uses of metformin primarily mediated by the activation of AMPK. We also discuss various mechanisms, other than AMPK activation, by which metformin could produce beneficial effects for different conditions. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched for literature relevant to the review’s objective. Reports from both research and review articles were considered. We found that metformin has diverse effects on the human body systems. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, metabolic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial effects and has now even been identified as effective against SARS-CoV-2. Above all, the AMPK pathway has been recognized as responsible for metformin’s efficiency and effectiveness. Owing to its extensive potential, it has the capability to become a part of treatment regimens for diseases apart from T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Goel
- Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
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Elrakaybi A, Laubner K, Zhou Q, Hug MJ, Seufert J. Cardiovascular protection by SGLT2 inhibitors - Do anti-inflammatory mechanisms play a role? Mol Metab 2022; 64:101549. [PMID: 35863639 PMCID: PMC9352970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and related metabolic disturbances represent a state of low-grade inflammation, which accelerates insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. Among antidiabetic medications, sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are the only agents which showed remarkable reductions in heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and major cardiovascular endpoints (MACE) as well as renal endpoints regardless of diabetes status in large randomized clinical outcome trials (RCTs). Although the exact mechanisms underlying these benefits are yet to be established, growing evidence suggests that modulating inflammation by SGLT2 inhibitors may play a key role. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this manuscript, we summarize the current knowledge on anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors as one of the mechanisms potentially mediating their cardiovascular (CV) benefits. We introduce the different metabolic and systemic actions mediated by these agents which could mitigate inflammation, and further present the signalling pathways potentially responsible for their proposed direct anti-inflammatory effects. We also discuss controversies surrounding some of these mechanisms. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitors are promising anti-inflammatory agents by acting either indirectly via improving metabolism and reducing stress conditions or via direct modulation of inflammatory signalling pathways. These effects were achieved, to a great extent, in a glucose-independent manner which established their clinical use in HF patients with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elrakaybi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Katharina Laubner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Hug
- Pharmacy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Metformin Reverses the Effects of Angiotensin 2 in Human Mammary Arteries by Modulating the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Angiotensin 2 impairs vascular function by activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and development of endothelial dysfunction. Metformin, the first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has vascular protective properties, beyond its glucose lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to in-vestigate the interaction between metformin and angiotensin 2 in human internal mammary arteries harvested from patients with coronary heart disease undergoing revascularization procedure, by evaluation of vascular function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the gene expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthases (endothelial – eNOS, neuronal – nNOS and inducible – iNOS). To this aim, vascular samples were incubated with angiotensin 2 (Ang2, 12 h) with/without metformin (Metf, 10 μM) and used for ROS measurement (FOX assay), vascular reactivity in organ bath (contractility to phenylephrine, relaxation to acetylcholine, con-tractility to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester/L-NAME) and RT-PCT studies. Acute incubation of the vascular rings with Ang2 im-paired vascular reactivity (increase contractility, decrease relax-ation), increased ROS production, supressed eNOS/nNOS and in-creased iNOS mRNA expression. Ex vivo incubation with metfor-min at a clinically relevant concentration reversed all these ef-fects. These data suggest that Metformin might be useful in allevi-ating endothelial dysfunction by improving the endothelial-de-pendent relaxation and mitigating oxidative stress in clinical set-ting associated with cardiovascular disease regardless the pres-ence of impaired glucose metabolism.
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Metformin use and the risk of total knee replacement among diabetic patients: a propensity-score-matched retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11571. [PMID: 35798867 PMCID: PMC9262887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been shown to modulate meta-inflammation, an important pathogenesis in knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study aimed to test the association between regular metformin use with total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with diabetes. This is a retrospective study with electronic records retrieved in Hong Kong public primary care. Patients with diabetes aged ≥ 45 who visited during 2007 to 2010, were followed up for a four-year period from 2011 to 2014 to determine the incidence of TKR. Propensity score matching based on age, sex, co-medications and chronic conditions was conducted to adjust for confounding. Cox regression was implemented to examine the association between metformin use and TKR. In total, 196,930 patients were eligible and 93,330 regular metformin users (defined as ≥ 4 prescriptions over the previous year) and non-users were matched. Among 46,665 regular users, 184 TKRs were conducted, 17.1% fewer than that among non-users. Cox regression showed that regular metformin users had a 19%-lower hazard of TKR [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.67 to 0.98, P = 0.033], with a dose–response relationship. Findings suggest a potential protective effect of metformin on knee OA progression and later TKR incidence among diabetic patients.
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15
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Gorbatenko VO, Goriainov SV, Babenko VA, Plotnikov EY, Sergeeva MG, Chistyakov DV. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Metformin During Cultivation of Primary Rat Astrocytes in a Medium with High Glucose Concentration. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:577-589. [PMID: 36154879 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792207001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the relationship between inflammation and energy metabolism is important for understanding biology of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Use of metformin, a drug for treatment of diabetes, is considered as a promising direction for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other neuropathologies with an inflammatory component. Astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and neuroinflammation; therefore, we studied the effect of metformin on the cellular responses of primary rat astrocytes cultured in a medium with high glucose concentration (22.5 mM, 48-h incubation). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate inflammation. The effects of metformin were assessed by monitoring changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and synthesis of oxylipins, assayed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Changes at the intracellular level were assessed by analyzing phosphorylation of ERK kinase and transcription factor STAT3, as well as enzymes mediating oxylipin synthesis, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX). It was found that, independent on glucose concentration, metformin reduced the LPS-stimulated release of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, decreased activity of the transcription factor STAT3, ERK kinase, synthesis of the derivatives of the cyclooxygenase branch of metabolism of oxylipins and anandamide, and did not affect formation of ROS. The study of energy phenotype of the cells showed that metformin activated glycolysis and inhibited mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, independent on LPS stimulation and cell cultivation at high glucose concentration. Thus, it has been shown that metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, and its effect on the synthesis of cytokines, prostaglandins, and other lipid mediators could determine beneficial effects of metformin in models of neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav O Gorbatenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Sergey V Goriainov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Valentina A Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Marina G Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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16
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Soleimani AA, Ghasmpour G, Mohammadi A, Gholizadeh M, Abkenar BR, Najafi M. Focal adhesion kinase-related pathways may be suppressed by metformin in vascular smooth muscle cells in high glucose conditions. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e351. [PMID: 35633523 PMCID: PMC9258994 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of the important causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metformin is used as an oral medication for reducing blood sugar. In this study, the effects of metformin were investigated on the FAK gene expression levels, pFAK protein values, cell viability and migration rate of VSMCs in high glucose conditions. Materials and methods The FAK gene expression levels and pFAK protein values were evaluated in VSMCs treated with different doses of metformin (1, 5 and 7 mM), based on cell viability using RT‐qPCR, western blotting and MTT techniques. The cellular migration was evaluated by scratch assay. Results The FAK gene expression levels reduced significantly in metformin‐treated VSMCs at 24 h and 48 h periods (p < .0008 and p < .0001, respectively). The pFAK protein values reduced significantly at 24 h (5 mM and 7 mM metformin doses) and 48 h periods (p < .001). In agreement with pFAK protein values, cellular migration reduced significantly at 24 h and 48 h periods (p < .001). Conclusion The results showed that metformin may suppress the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via FAK‐related pathways and may retard the progression of vessel stenosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Soleimani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasmpour
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Mdares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Gholizadeh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Borhan Rahimi Abkenar
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Niu W, Shao J, Yu B, Liu G, Wang R, Dong H, Che H, Li L. Association Between Metformin and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:908747. [PMID: 35677692 PMCID: PMC9168037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.908747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically examine the association between metformin and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and provide a basis for the treatment of AAA. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases were searched by computer to identify the literature related to metformin and AAA published until February 2022. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted, and a quality assessment was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.3 software. Results Seven articles containing a total of 10 cohort studies (85,050 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed that metformin can limit the expansion of AAA (MD = – 0.72, 95% CI: – 1.08 ~ −0.37, P < 0.00001), as well as reduce AAA repair or AAA rupture-related mortality (OR = 0.80, 95% CI:0.66 ~ 0.96, P = 0.02). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Metformin can limit the expansion of AAA and reduce the incidence of AAA and postoperative mortality. However, further biological experiments and clinical trials still need to be conducted to support this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Benxiang Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Guolong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Nursing Department, Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Hengyang Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Haijie Che
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Haijie Che
| | - Lubin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- Lubin Li
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 291:120299. [PMID: 34999113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognition impairment. Despite the considerable body of evidence regarding AD pathophysiology, current therapies merely slow down the disease progression, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is unavailable. Accordingly, finding an efficient multifunctional remedy is necessary to blunt the increasing rate of AD incidence in the upcoming years. AD shares pathophysiological similarities (e.g., impairment of cognitive functions, insulin sensitivity, and brain glucose metabolism) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which offers the utilization of metformin, a biguanide hypoglycemic agent, as an alternative therapeutic approach in AD therapy. Emerging evidence has revealed the impact of metformin in patients suffering from AD. It has been described that metformin employs multiple mechanisms to improve cognition and memory impairment in pre-clinical AD models, including reduction of hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) load, suppression of inflammation, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, restriction of apoptotic neuronal death, and induction of neurogenesis. This review discusses the pre-clinical evidence, which may shed light on the role of metformin in AD and provide a more comprehensive mechanistic insight for future studies in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Metformin in Alzheimer’s disease: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Beneficial effects of metformin supplementation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of type 2 diabetic rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mooranian A, Jones M, Walker D, Ionescu C, Wagle S, Kovačević B, Chester J, Foster T, Johnston E, Mikov M, Al-Salami H. 'In vitro' assessments of microencapsulated viable cells as a result of primary bile acid-encapsulated formulation for inflammatory disorders. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background / Aim: Metformin is widely used in type 2 diabetes and exhibits many positive biological effects on pancreatic b-cells and muscle cells, such as supporting insulin release by b-cells and glucose uptake by muscle cells and reducing oxidative stress, particularly due to diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia. Interestingly, for type 1 diabetes, transplantation of healthy b-cells has been proposed as a novel way to replace insulin therapy. Recently, bile acid-formulations containing transplantable b-cells showed best stability. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of metformin-bile acid formulations in b-cell encapsulation and on the biological activities of b-cells and muscle-cells. Methods: Two sets of biological effects were examined, using metformin-bile acid formulations, on encapsulated b-cells and on muscle cells exposed to the formulations. Results: Various encapsulated b-cell formulations' cell viability, insulin levels, cellular oxidative stress, cellular inflammatory profile and bioenergetics at the normoand hyperglycaemic states showed differing results based upon the metformin concentration and the inclusion or absence of bile acid. Similar effects were observed with muscle cells. Low ratios of metformin and bile acids showed best biological effects, suggesting a formulation dependent result. The formulations' positive effects were more profound at the hyperglycaemic state suggesting efficient cell protective effects. Conclusion: Overall, metformin had positive impacts on the cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the addition of chenodeoxycholic acid further improving results.
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DING H, SHI Z, ZHANG L, GAO N, CHENG X, LIN H, ZHANG Z, ZHANG G. Progranulin (PGRN) is serves as an inflammation-response biomarker and promotes lung damage in burn-induced Sepsis via the SIRT1 Pathways by ROS. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.36720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui DING
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhaoling SHI
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lu ZHANG
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Nairong GAO
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoning CHENG
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haibo LIN
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhihong ZHANG
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guocheng ZHANG
- The Second Hospital Affiated Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Ala M, Ala M. Metformin for Cardiovascular Protection, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoporosis, Periodontitis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Cancer, Inflammation and Senescence: What Is Next? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1747-1770. [PMID: 34927008 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by several complications. Higher prevalence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases has been reported among patients with diabetes. Metformin is the oldest oral antidiabetic drug and can improve coexisting complications of diabetes. Clinical trials and observational studies uncovered that metformin can remarkably prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), osteoporosis, cancer, periodontitis, neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tuberculosis, and COVID-19. In addition, metformin has been proposed as an antiaging agent. Numerous mechanisms were shown to be involved in the protective effects of metformin. Metformin activates the LKB1/AMPK pathway to interact with several intracellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. The drug modifies the biologic function of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, JNK, and other major molecules in the intracellular signaling network. It also regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs. Thereby, metformin can regulate metabolism, growth, proliferation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and senescence. Additionally, metformin modulates immune response, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis and exerts epigenetic effects. Furthermore, metformin protects against oxidative stress and genomic instability, preserves telomere length, and prevents stem cell exhaustion. In this review, the protective effects of metformin on each disease will be discussed using the results of recent meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies. Thereafter, it will be meticulously explained how metformin reprograms intracellular signaling pathways and alters molecular and cellular interactions to modify the clinical presentations of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 1416753955 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), 4814565589 Golestan, Iran
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Chopra H, Dey PS, Das D, Bhattacharya T, Shah M, Mubin S, Maishu SP, Akter R, Rahman MH, Karthika C, Murad W, Qusty N, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Batiha GES, Altalbawy FMA, Albooq MIM, Alamri BM. Curcumin Nanoparticles as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Drug Targets. Molecules 2021; 26:4998. [PMID: 34443593 PMCID: PMC8402133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of Curcuma longa is curcumin and has gained importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biological, studies for the efficacy in target specificity. Here, we discussed nanoformulation techniques, which lend support to upgrade the characters to the curcumin such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing solubility, modifying metabolisms, and target specificity, prolonged circulation, enhanced permeation. Our manuscript tried to seek the attention of the researcher by framing some solutions of some existing troubleshoots of this bioactive component for enhanced applications and making the formulations feasible at an industrial production scale. This manuscript focuses on recent inventions as well, which can further be implemented at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Protity Shuvra Dey
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition Management, J.D. Birla Institute, Kolkata 700020, India;
| | - Debashrita Das
- School of Community Science & Technology, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India;
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Sidra Mubin
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | | | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Naeem Qusty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eida M. Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umma Al-Qura University, Mecca P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Farag M. A. Altalbawy
- National institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, University College of Duba, Tabuk University, Duba 71911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona I. M. Albooq
- Department of Biology, University College of Duba, Tabuk University, Duba 71911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badrieah M. Alamri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
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Palmer TM, Salt IP. Nutrient regulation of inflammatory signalling in obesity and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1563-1590. [PMID: 34231841 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite obesity and diabetes markedly increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly characterised. In the last 20 years it has become apparent that chronic, low-grade inflammation in obese adipose tissue may contribute to the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, increased vascular pro-inflammatory signalling is a key event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Overnutrition exacerbates pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular and adipose tissues, with several mechanisms proposed to mediate this. In this article, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutrients are proposed to regulate pro-inflammatory signalling in adipose and vascular tissues. In addition, we examine the potential therapeutic opportunities that these mechanisms provide for suppression of inappropriate inflammation in obesity and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R, Dłuski D, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy-Is There a Place for Metformin? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132805. [PMID: 34202343 PMCID: PMC8268471 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of prophylaxis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) such as preeclampsia (PE) and pregnancy-induced hypertension is of interest due to the unpredictable course of these diseases and the risks they carry for both mother and fetus. It has been proven that their development is associated with the presence of the placenta, and the processes that initiate it begin at the time of the abnormal invasion of the trophoblast in early pregnancy. The ideal HDP prophylaxis should alleviate the influence of risk factors and, at the same time, promote physiological trophoblast invasion and maintain the physiologic endothelium function without any harm to both mother and fetus. So far, aspirin is the only effective and recommended pharmacological agent for the prevention of HDPs in high-risk groups. Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug with a proven protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Respecting the anti-inflammatory properties of metformin and its favorable impact on the endothelium, it seems to be an interesting option for HDP prophylaxis. The results of previous studies on such use of metformin are ambiguous, although they indicate that in a certain group of pregnant women, it might be effective in preventing hypertensive complications. The aim of this study is to present the possibility of metformin in the prevention of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with respect to its impact on the pathogenic elements of development
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Baradaran Z, Vakilian A, Zare M, Hashemzehi M, Hosseini M, Dinpanah H, Beheshti F. Metformin improved memory impairment caused by chronic ethanol consumption during adolescent to adult period of rats: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113399. [PMID: 34087254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a crucial time for brain maturation. We investigated the protective effects of metformin (Met) on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite in adulthood induced by ethanol (Eth) consumption during adolescent to adult period of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adolescence male rats (21 days old) were treated as: 1) Control, 2) Eth (Eth in drinking water (20 %)), 3-5) Eth-Met50, 100 and 150 mg/kg (Eth in drinking water and Met (50, 100, or 150 mg/kg). After 5 weeks treatment, Morris water maze (MMW) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were done. RESULTS The latency in the MWM test was higher and the latency to enter the dark chamber in the PA test was lower in the Eth group than in control. In Eth-Met100 and 150 groups, they were less than the Eth group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite concentration in the hippocampus and cortex of the Eth group were higher than the control group. The thiol content and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in hippocampal and cortical tissues of the Eth group reduced compared to the control group. TNF-α was higher in hippocampal tissues of Eth group animals. Met reversed all of these effects. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the protective effects of Met against chronic Eth consumption induced learning and memory impairment were accompanied by decreasing of TNF-a, nitrite and oxidative stress in adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baradaran
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Arefeh Vakilian
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mostafa Zare
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Dinpanah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 9-Day Hospital, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Potential Drugs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050546. [PMID: 34068179 PMCID: PMC8152975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent aortic disease that causes high mortality due to asymptomatic gradual expansion and sudden rupture. The underlying molecular mechanisms and effective pharmaceutical therapy for preventing AAA progression have not been fully identified. In this study, we identified the key modules and hub genes involved in AAA growth from the GSE17901 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Key genes were further selected and validated in the mouse dataset (GSE12591) and human datasets (GSE7084, GSE47472, and GSE57691). Finally, we predicted drug candidates targeting key genes using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. Overall, we identified key modules enriched in the mitotic cell cycle, GTPase activity, and several metabolic processes. Seven key genes (CCR5, ADCY5, ADCY3, ACACB, LPIN1, ACSL1, UCP3) related to AAA progression were identified. A total of 35 drugs/compounds targeting the key genes were predicted, which may have the potential to prevent AAA progression.
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Current pharmacological management of aortic aneurysm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:211-220. [PMID: 33990514 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aortic aneurysm (AA) remains one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Of the major treatments, prophylactic operative repair is used for AA to avoid potential aortic dissection (AD) or rupture. To halt the development of AA and alleviate its progression into AD, pharmacological treatment has been investigated for years. Currently, β-adrenergic blocking agents, losartan, irbesartan, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, statins, antiplatelet agents, doxycycline, and metformin have been investigated as potential candidates for preventing AA progression. However, the paradox between preclinical successes and clinical failures still exists, with no medical therapy currently available for ideally negating the disease progression. This review describes the current drugs used for pharmacological management of AA and their individual potential mechanisms. Preclinical models for drug screening and evaluation are also discussed to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and ultimately find new therapeutic targets for AA.
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Rodríguez C, Muñoz M, Contreras C, Prieto D. AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function. FEBS J 2021; 288:3746-3771. [PMID: 33825330 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor activated during energy stress that plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. This ubiquitous signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple functions including mitochondrial biogenesis, redox regulation, cell growth and proliferation, cell autophagy and inflammation. The protective role of AMPK in cardiovascular function and the involvement of dysfunctional AMPK in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease have been highlighted in recent years. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of AMPK in the regulation of blood flow in response to metabolic demand and the basis of the AMPK physiological anticontractile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic actions in the vascular system. Investigations by others and us have demonstrated the key role of vascular AMPK in the regulation of endothelial function, redox homeostasis, and inflammation, in addition to its protective role in the hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The pathophysiological implications of AMPK involvement in vascular function with regard to the vascular complications of metabolic disease and the therapeutic potential of AMPK activators are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Grissi M, Boudot C, Assem M, Candellier A, Lando M, Poirot-Leclercq S, Boullier A, Bennis Y, Lenglet G, Avondo C, Lalau JD, Choukroun G, Massy ZA, Kamel S, Chillon JM, Hénaut L. Metformin prevents stroke damage in non-diabetic female mice with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7464. [PMID: 33811249 PMCID: PMC8018962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens ischemic stroke severity in both patients and animals. In mice, these poorer functional outcomes are associated with decreased brain activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecule that recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. The antidiabetic drug metformin, a well-known activator of AMPK, has improved stroke outcomes in diabetic patients with normal renal function. We investigated whether chronic metformin pre-conditioning can rescue AMPK activity and prevent stroke damage in non-diabetic mice with CKD. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to CKD or SHAM groups. CKD was induced through right kidney cortical electrocautery, followed by left total nephrectomy. Mice were then allocated to receive metformin (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 5 weeks until stroke induction by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The infarct volumes were lower in CKD mice exposed to metformin than in vehicle-treated CKD mice 24 h after tMCAO. Metformin pre-conditioning of CKD mice improved their neurological score, grip strength, and prehensile abilities. It also enhanced AMPK activation, reduced apoptosis, increased neuron survival and decreased microglia/macrophage M1 signature gene expression as well as CKD-induced activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway in the ischemic lesions of CKD mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Body Weight
- Brain Infarction/blood
- Brain Infarction/complications
- Brain Infarction/drug therapy
- Brain Infarction/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gliosis/blood
- Gliosis/complications
- Gliosis/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/blood
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/genetics
- Ischemic Preconditioning
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Metformin/blood
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Metformin/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Models, Biological
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Stroke/drug therapy
- Stroke/genetics
- Stroke/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grissi
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Boudot
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Maryam Assem
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Alexandre Candellier
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Mathilde Lando
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Sabrina Poirot-Leclercq
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Carine Avondo
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
- UMR_I 01, PériTox, CURS, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, 92104, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Inserm U1018-Team 5, CESP, UVSQ, University Paris Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- University Versailles-Saint Quentin, University Paris-Saclay, 91190, Villejuif, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chillon
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
- Direction of Clinical Research, Amiens University Hospital, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, MP3CV, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, France.
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From Mitochondria to Atherosclerosis: The Inflammation Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030258. [PMID: 33807807 PMCID: PMC8000234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall where unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombosis may compromise the arterial lumen, leading to acute or chronic ischemic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in atherosclerosis while keeping inflammation as a link. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy. Under stress, mitochondria are also capable of controlling inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the cytoplasm or into the extracellular matrix, where they act as danger signals when recognized by innate immune receptors. Primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of ROS, altering mitochondrial dynamics and energy supply, as well as promoting inflammation. Knowing and understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial-based inflammation in atheroma progression is essential to discovering alternative or complementary treatments.
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Kar E, Alataş Ö, Şahıntürk V, Öz S. Effects of metformin on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation by activating fibroblast growth factor 21. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:44-52. [PMID: 33663305 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1894353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria that produces endotoxemia, which may cause septic shock. Metformin (MET) is a widely used hypoglycemic drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine polypeptide that affects glucose and lipid metabolism, and also possesses anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of MET and FGF21 on inflammation due to LPS induced endotoxemia in male rats. Animals were divided into five groups: control, LPS, pre-MET LPS, LPS + 1 h MET and LPS + 3 h MET. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, FGF2, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and FGF21 levels were measured in liver tissue samples. Histopathology of all groups was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. LPS caused severe inflammatory liver damage. MET exhibited a partially protective effect and reduced inflammation significantly. FGF21 is produced in the liver following inflammation and MET may increase its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Özkan Alataş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Şahıntürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Semih Öz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Xu T, Wu X, Lu X, Liang Y, Mao Y, Loor JJ, Yang Z. Metformin activated AMPK signaling contributes to the alleviation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:97. [PMID: 33648513 PMCID: PMC7923493 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacterial are often regarded as primary inducer of bovine mammary inflammation. This study evaluated the biological response of metformin activated AMPK signaling on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and metabolic changes in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMEC). The pbMEC were exposed to either 3 mmol/L Metf. for 12 h as Metf. group (Metf.) or 2 μg/mL LPS for 6 h as LPS group (LPS). Cells pretreated with 3 mmol/L metformin for 12 h followed by washing and 2 μg/mL LPS exposure for 6 h were served as ML group (ML). PBS was added to cells as the control group (Con.). Results Pre-incubation with Metf. inhibited LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, MYD88 and TLR4) and proteins (IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3, Caspase1, ASC) and was accompanied by increased activation of AMPK signaling. Compared with the LPS group, phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in the ML group were decreased and accumulation of NF-κB in the nucleus was significantly reduced by pretreatment with metformin. Metformin protects the cells from the increase of LPS-induced binding activity of NF-κB on both TNFA and IL1B promoters. Compared with the LPS group, genes (G6PC, PCK2) and proteins (SREBP1, SCD1) related to lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism were downregulated while catabolic ones (PPARA, ACSL1, Glut1, HK1) were upregulated in the ML group. Furthermore, increased acetylation of H3K14 by LPS challenge was reversed by pretreatment with metformin. Conclusion Altogether, our results indicated that pretreatment with metformin dampens LPS-induced inflammatory responses mediated in part by AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling and modification of histone H3K14 deacetylation and metabolic changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02797-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Bai B, Chen H. Metformin: A Novel Weapon Against Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622262. [PMID: 33584319 PMCID: PMC7880161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that inflammation is a driving force behind a variety of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. However, the existing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs show a limited utility in clinical patients. Therefore, the novel agents with different inflammation-inhibitory mechanisms are worth pursuing. Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, has a history of more than 50 years of clinical experience in treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Intense research efforts have been dedicated to proving metformin’s inflammation-inhibitory effects in cells, animal models, patient records, and randomized clinical trials. The emerging evidence also indicates its therapeutic potential in clinical domains other than type 2 diabetes. Herein, this article appraises current pre-clinical and clinical findings, emphasizing metformin’s anti-inflammatory properties under individual pathophysiological scenarios. In summary, the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin are evident in pre-clinical models. By comparison, there are still clinical perplexities to be addressed in repurposing metformin to inflammation-driven chronic diseases. Future randomized controlled trials, incorporating better stratification/targeting, would establish metformin’s utility in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Amoani B, Sakyi SA, Mantey R, Laing EF, Ephraim RD, Sarfo-Katanka O, Koffie S, Obese E, Afranie BO. Increased metformin dosage suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in systemic circulation and might contribute to its beneficial effects. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:252-264. [PMID: 33444083 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1862861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by persistent elevation of blood glucose either due to insulin resistance or insulin insufficiency. Metformin is the recommended first choice of drug for the management of T2DM and is known to improve insulin sensitivity and prevents hyperglycemia by reducing chronic inflammation. T-helper type 1 (Th1) and type 17 (Th17) cells, are important pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell subsets secreting TNF-α, and INF-γ (Th1), and interleukin 17 (Th17). These cytokines have been shown to play a crucial role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and the development of T2DM. Here, we explore the effect of different metformin dosages on pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, INF-γ, GM-CSF and IL-17) levels in systemic circulation among T2DM patients in Ghana, since inflammatory responses and cytokines play significant roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM patients on metformin. Two hundred and nine (209) consenting T2DM patients receiving treatment at the Diabetic unit of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in the Ashanti region of Ghana were recruited in a hospital-based cross-sectional study design. Blood samples were collected and serum obtained from each participant were analyzed for the concentrations of TNF-α, INF-γ, GM-CSF and IL-17 cytokine levels by solid-phase sandwich ELISA. We observed that participants on 3000 mg/day dose of metformin had significantly lower levels of TNF-α (p < .001) and IFN-γ (p = .014) compared to those on other dosages (1000 mg and 2000 mg/day). However, GM-CSF and IL-17 levels were not affected by increased metformin dosages. After adjusting for age, gender, dose and duration of metformin use, we observed that participants who took higher doses of metformin had significantly reduced levels of TNF-α (β = -0.0297, 95% CI = (-0.005 to -0.002) p < .001. Metformin dosage independently predicted reduced TNF-α levels with 14.4% variations in the metformin dosage levels. Increased metformin dosage suppresses TNF-α levels in systemic circulation and hence might contribute to its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel A Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Mantey
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin F Laing
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard D Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Osei Sarfo-Katanka
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Clinic, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Koffie
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Obese
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bright Oppong Afranie
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Bojja SL, Medhi B, Anand S, Bhatia A, Joshi R, Minz RW. Metformin ameliorates the status epilepticus- induced hippocampal pathology through possible mTOR modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:137-151. [PMID: 33386490 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial precipitating injury such as SE progresses to chronic epilepsy through multiple epileptogenic processes. Early epileptogenic events are generally characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and abnormal neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Metformin has exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in numerous studies. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of metformin on seizure-induced inflammation and neuronal degeneration, and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in male Wistar rats with systemic administration of Lithium (127 mg/kg) and Pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). In test rats, Metformin 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 days, followed by SE induction. Results indicate that metformin did not alter the SE profile significantly which was evident by the behavioural scoring and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. However, metformin 200 mg/kg attenuated the SE-induced glial activation (p < 0.01), up regulated mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001) and chemokines (p < 0.001) and enhanced BBB permeability (p < 0.05). In addition, metformin ameliorated the insult-induced region-specific neuronal damage (p < 0.01) and restored the hippocampal neuronal density. Metformin significantly inhibited phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (phospho-S6rp) (p < 0.05), thus demonstrating that the beneficial effects might be partly mediated by the mTOR pathway. The study thus reiterates that mTOR signalling is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation and neurodegeneration in early epileptogenesis following SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Wang MT, Lai JH, Huang YL, Kuo FC, Wang YH, Tsai CL, Tu MY. Use of antidiabetic medications and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring hospitalization: a disease risk score-matched nested case-control study. Respir Res 2020; 21:319. [PMID: 33267895 PMCID: PMC7709288 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severely impacts the quality of life and causes high mortality and morbidity. COPD is involved with systemic and pulmonary inflammation, which may be attenuated with antidiabetic agents exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Real-world evidence is scant regarding the effects of antidiabetic agents on COPD exacerbation. Accordingly, we conducted a disease risk score (DRS)-matched nested case-control study to systemically assess the association between each class of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and risk of severe COPD exacerbation in a nationwide COPD population co-diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We enrolled 23,875 COPD patients receiving at least one OHA for management of DM by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015. Cases of severe exacerbation were defined as those who had the first hospital admission for COPD. Each case was individually matched with four randomly-selected controls by cohort entry date, DRS (the estimated probability of encountering a severe COPD exacerbation), and COPD medication regimens using the incidence density sampling approach. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) of severe COPD exacerbation for each type of OHAs. RESULTS We analyzed 2700 cases of severe COPD exacerbation and 9272 corresponding controls after DRS matching. Current use of metformin versus other OHAs was associated with a 15% (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.95) reduced risk of severe COPD exacerbation, whereas the reduced risk was not observed with other types of antidiabetic agents. When considering the duration of antidiabetic medication therapy, current use of metformin for 91-180 and 181-365 days was associated with a 28% (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.89) and 37% (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.51-0.77) reduced risk of severe COPD exacerbation, respectively. Similarly, 91-180 days of sulfonylureas therapy led to a 28% (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.90) lower risk, and longer treatments consistently yielded 24-30% lower risks. Current use of thiazolidinediones for more than 181 days yielded an approximately 40% decreased risk. CONCLUSIONS Duration-dependent beneficial effects of current metformin, sulfonylurea, and thiazolidinedione use on severe COPD exacerbation were observed in patients with COPD and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Heng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Wang
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen-Liang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Tu
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, No.1, Dayi 2nd Rd., Gangshan Dist., Kaohsiung City, 82050, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Qiu X, Xu Q, Xu T, Wan P, Sheng Z, Han Y, Yao L. Metformin alleviates β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via AMPK/mTOR-activated autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:58. [PMID: 33365058 PMCID: PMC7716633 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the possible mechanisms underlying this. Using an established VSMC calcification model, VSMCs were first treated with β-glycerophosphate, before metformin, 3-methyladenine and compound C were added to the cell cultures in different combinations. Calcium deposition in the cells was examined by Alizarin Red S staining and using the O-cresolphthalein complexone method. To assess the occurrence of autophagy, autophagosomes inside the cells were studied using a transmission electron microscope and green fluorescent microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta were examined using a fluorescent microscope. Additionally, protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), LC3II/I, beclin 1 and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-associated proteins were determined by western blot analysis. Metformin increased the number of autophagosomes, green fluorescent LC3 puncta and the levels of LC3II/I, beclin 1, α-SMA and phosphorylated (p)-AMPK in the VSMCs that were treated with β-glycerophosphate when compared to controls; whereas, calcium deposition and the expression levels of RUNX2 and p-mTOR were found to be decreased. Treating the VSMCs with 3-methyladenine or compound C reversed the effects of metformin. The results of the present study suggested that metformin may alleviate β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs, which may be attributed to the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Pengzhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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40
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Isnard S, Lin J, Fombuena B, Ouyang J, Varin TV, Richard C, Marette A, Ramendra R, Planas D, Raymond Marchand L, Messaoudene M, Van der Ley CP, Kema IP, Sohail Ahmed D, Zhang Y, Finkelman M, Routy B, Angel J, Ancuta P, Routy JP. Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa338. [PMID: 32964062 PMCID: PMC7489545 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) may experience weight gain, dyslipidemia, increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities, and long-term alteration of the gut microbiota. Both low CD4/CD8 ratio and chronic inflammation have been associated with changes in the gut microbiota of PWH. The antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to improve gut microbiota composition while decreasing weight and inflammation in diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether metformin may benefit PWH receiving ART, especially those with a low CD4/CD8 ratio. Methods In the Lilac pilot trial, we recruited 23 nondiabetic PWH receiving ART for more than 2 years with a low CD4/CD8 ratio (<0.7). Blood and stool samples were collected during study visits at baseline, after a 12-week metformin treatment, and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma. Results Metformin decreased weight in PWH, and weight loss was inversely correlated with plasma levels of the satiety factor GDF-15. Furthermore, metformin changed the gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as butyrate-producing species and the protective Akkermansia muciniphila. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that a 12-week metformin treatment decreased weight and favored anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance in the microbiota of nondiabetic ART-treated PWH. Larger randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with longer metformin treatment will be needed to further investigate the role of metformin in reducing inflammation and the risk of non-AIDS comorbidities in ART-treated PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brandon Fombuena
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Corentin Richard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rayoun Ramendra
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Delphine Planas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Meriem Messaoudene
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude P Van der Ley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Darakhshan Sohail Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- Associates of Cape Cod Inc., Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bertrand Routy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Medicine, Department of Hemato-Oncology, University of Montreal Healthcare Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Angel
- The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Venniyoor A. PTEN: A Thrifty Gene That Causes Disease in Times of Plenty? Front Nutr 2020; 7:81. [PMID: 32582754 PMCID: PMC7290048 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern obesity epidemic with associated disorders of metabolism and cancer has been attributed to the presence of "thrifty genes". In the distant past, these genes helped the organism to improve energy efficiency and store excess energy safely as fat to survive periods of famine, but in the present day obesogenic environment, have turned detrimental. I propose PTEN as the likely gene as it has functions that span metabolism, cancer and reproduction, all of which are deranged in obesity and insulin resistance. The activity of PTEN can be calibrated in utero by availability of nutrients by the methylation arm of the epigenetic pathway. Deficiency of protein and choline has been shown to upregulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), especially 1 and 3a; these can then methylate promoter region of PTEN and suppress its expression. Thus, the gene is tuned like a metabolic rheostat proportional to the availability of specific nutrients, and the resultant "dose" of the protein, which sits astride and negatively regulates the insulin-PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, decides energy usage and proliferation. This "fixes" the metabolic capacity of the organism periconceptionally to a specific postnatal level of nutrition, but when faced with a discordant environment, leads to obesity related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Oncology Centre, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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42
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Li H, Sun T, Liu C, Cao Y, Liu X. Photobiomodulation (450 nm) alters the infection of periodontitis bacteria via the ROS/MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:838-853. [PMID: 32014500 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on periodontitis. A periodontitis model was established via Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in beagles. Mandibular second and third premolars were removed, and implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction. Left gingiva was irradiated with PBM (450 nm) as the LG group, and right side without irradiation was regarded as the CG (control) group. PBM treatment increased oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO• and O2•-) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). PBM therapy increased salivary levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukin (IL)-10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (p < 0.05). All the results contributed to preventing periodontitis infection. PBM therapy improved bone mineral density and implant osseointegration by controlling dominant pathogens invasion via the upregulation of salivary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defense by affecting ROS/RNS/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Deng M, Su D, Xu S, Little PJ, Feng X, Tang L, Shen A. Metformin and Vascular Diseases: A Focused Review on Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32457625 PMCID: PMC7227439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used in diabetes for more than 60 years and has excellent safety in the therapy of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is growing evidence that the beneficial health effects of metformin are beyond its ability to improve glucose metabolism. Metformin not only reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients, but also reduces the burden of atherosclerosis (AS) in pre-diabetes patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function is an important factor in determining the characteristics of the entire arterial vessel. Its excessive proliferation contributes to the etiology of several types of CVD, including AS, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Current studies show that metformin has a beneficial effect on VSMCs function. Therefore, this review provides a timely overview of the role and molecular mechanisms by which metformin acts through VSMCs to protect CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liqin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aizong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Zhou DM, Ran F, Ni HZ, Sun LL, Xiao L, Li XQ, Li WD. Metformin inhibits high glucose-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5352-5361. [PMID: 32208365 PMCID: PMC7138554 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of metformin on high glucose-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were subjected to a series of concentrations (0-10 mM) of metformin. CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed. Correlations between metformin concentration and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and miR-142-3p levels were assessed. In addition, miR-142-3p mimic and siRNA were used to investigate VSMC migration in the presence or absence of metformin. In the high-glucose condition, metformin decreased cell growth and inhibited cell migration. HMGB1 gene expression correlated negatively with metformin concentration, whereas miR-142-3p expression correlated positively with metformin concentration. In addition, mimic-induced miR-142-3p elevation resulted in decreased HMGB1 and LC3II levels and elevated p62 levels in the high-glucose condition, whereas miR-142-3p knockdown had the reverse effects, and metformin abolished those effects. Metformin inhibits high glucose–induced VSMC hyperproliferation and increased migration by inducing miR-142-3p-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 expression via the HMGB1-autophagy related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Ran
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
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Association between prior metformin therapy and sepsis in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study. J Anesth 2020; 34:358-366. [PMID: 32146543 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There have been no large-scale studies on whether metformin therapy might have a potential benefit for lowering mortality. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between prior metformin therapy and the development of sepsis as well as the association between prior metformin therapy and 30-day mortality in sepsis patients. METHODS We evaluated adult diabetes patients registered in the 2010 sample cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. Diabetes was identified according to the International Classification of Disease-10 diagnostic system (E10-E14). The cohorts were divided into the metformin user group (i.e., those who had been prescribed continuous oral metformin over a period of ≥ 90 days) and the control group (i.e., all other individuals). The primary endpoint was the development of sepsis between 2011 and 2015, and the secondary endpoint was 30-day mortality among diabetes patients diagnosed with sepsis. RESULTS In total, 77,337 patients (34,041 in the metformin user group and 43,296 in the control group) were included in the analysis, among whom 2512 patients (3.2%) were diagnosed with sepsis between 2011 and 2015. After propensity score adjustment, metformin use was not significantly associated with both the risk of sepsis (OR: 0.92, 95%CI 0.82-1.03; P = 0.143) and the risk of 30-day mortality after diagnosis of sepsis (OR: 0.94, 95%CI 0.75-1.17; P = 0.571). CONCLUSIONS Prior metformin therapy was not significantly associated with the risk of sepsis and 30-day mortality after diagnosis of sepsis among diabetes patients.
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Mao W, Li T. LncRNA MACC1-AS1 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation by Downregulating PTEN. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:313-318. [PMID: 32109147 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MACC1-AS1 is an oncogenic lncRNA in gastric cancer, which interacts with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to promote cancer development. AMPK is known to interact with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Therefore, MACC1-AS1 may also have associations with PTEN. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between MACC1-AS1 and PTEN in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and Methods: This study recruited 64 LUAD patients admitted to The First People's Hospital of Wenling City. Gene and protein expression levels were determined by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Cell transfections were performed to assess gene interactions. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Results: MACC1-AS1 was upregulated in LUAD and inversely correlated with the expression of PTEN. High expression levels of MACC1-AS1 in LUAD tissues were closely correlated with poor survival rate of LUAD patients. In LUAD cells, overexpression of MACC1-AS1 led to decreased expression of PTEN and increased proliferation rate of LUAD cells, while MACC1-AS1 silencing led to increased expression of PTEN and decreased proliferation rate of LUAD cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PTEN attenuated the effects of overexpressing MACC1-AS1. Conclusions: The authors' results demonstrated that MACC1-AS1 promoted cell proliferation by downregulating PTEN in LUAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, China
| | - Tingjian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, China
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Ouyang J, Isnard S, Lin J, Fombuena B, Peng X, Chen Y, Routy JP. GDF-15 as a Weight Watcher for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People Treated With Metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:581839. [PMID: 33312159 PMCID: PMC7708317 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.581839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain and obesity are global health concerns contributing to morbidity with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver steatohepatitis and cancer. Pharmacological therapies or bariatric surgery are often required for those who fail to adhere to diet and lifestyle modifications. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, seems to have a health benefit beyond its anti-hyperglycemic properties, with few side effects. Emerging evidence shows weight loss to be associated with metformin in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Recently, the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, has been identified as a key mediator of metformin-induced weight loss. Metformin increases the secretion of GDF-15, which binds exclusively to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL). This gut-brain cytokine works as a prominent player in reducing food intake and body weight in health and disease, like anorexia nervosa and cancer. Herein, we critically review advances in the understanding of the weight-reducing effects of metformin via the GDF-15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brandon Fombuena
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
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Chen Y, Su X, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jia M, Kong L, Zhang H, Li H. Metformin inhibited homocysteine-induced upregulation of endothelin receptors through the Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 124:106613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yang LL, Zhang PF, Zhang TY, Shen W, Zhao Y, Yin S. Ortho-phenylphenol exposure impairs porcine sperm motility through AMPK/AKT signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:830-836. [PMID: 31454112 DOI: 10.1002/em.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP), as an active ingredient of disinfectants, has been worldwide utilized as fungicides and antibacterial agents in hospital, agriculture, wood preservation, and veterinary products. However, little is known about the toxic effects of OPP on male reproduction, especially sperm motility, and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we chose porcine sperms as in vitro model to investigate the effects and mechanisms of OPP exposure on sperm motility. Our results indicated that porcine sperm motility decreases significantly in a dose-dependent manner after exposed to OPP. Additionally, ATP synthesis deficiency was revealed by downregulation of ATP synthase subunit beta and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase expression. Furthermore, OPP disturbed the expression of TP53 and PTEN, which contributed to AKT pathway deactivation. OPP exposure also disrupted platelet-derived growth factor receptor A expression, which further inhibited 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 activation, resulting in protein kinase B and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 deactivation. In conclusion, these observations suggest that OPP exposure decreases porcine sperm motility by disturbing the AMPK/AKT signaling pathway. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Wang HW, Lai EHH, Yang CN, Lin SK, Hong CY, Yang H, Chang JZC, Kok SH. Intracanal Metformin Promotes Healing of Apical Periodontitis via Suppressing Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Monocyte Recruitment. J Endod 2019; 46:65-73. [PMID: 31753516 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that intracanal metformin ameliorates apical periodontitis, partially by modulation of osteoblast apoptosis. The action of metformin on other cell types pertinent to the development of apical periodontitis needs to be examined. In the present study, we aimed to analyze whether its effects on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and monocyte recruitment contribute to the therapeutic effect on apical periodontitis. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of iNOS in a human monocytic cell line, Mono-Mac-6, was assessed by Western blot. The amount of nitrite in culture medium was assessed to quantify nitric oxide (NO) production. C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2) synthesis was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Experimental apical periodontitis in rats was treated with root canal debridement with or without intracanal metformin medication. Lesion progression was assessed by conventional radiography and micro-computed tomographic imaging. Cellular expression of iNOS and the number of monocytes/macrophages were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Metformin suppressed LPS-induced iNOS and NO production by monocytes. More importantly, metformin inhibited LPS-enhanced CCL-2 synthesis through modulation of the iNOS/NO pathway. Intracanal metformin reduced bone resorption associated with apical periodontitis and suppressed iNOS expression and monocyte recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of intracanal metformin for apical periodontitis. Suppression of monocyte recruitment through modulation of iNOS expression and NO production is an important mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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