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Guan C, Zhang X, Yu L. A Review of Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Brain Metastasis in Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:627-637. [PMID: 38123448 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis from lung cancer is a prevalent mode of treatment failure associated with a poor prognosis. The incidence of brain metastasis has recently shown a dramatic increase. The early detection and risk stratification of lung cancer-related brain metastasis would be highly advantageous for patients. However, our current knowledge and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms driving brain metastasis in lung cancer pose significant challenges. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis, focusing on the intricate interplay between lung cancer-derived tumor cells and the unique characteristics of the brain, recent advancements in the identification of driver genes, concomitant genes, epigenetic features, including miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as the molecular characterization of brain metastasis originating from other organs, which may further enhance risk stratification and facilitate precise treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Abashkin DA, Karpov DS, Kurishev AO, Marilovtseva EV, Golimbet VE. ASCL1 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia by Regulation of Genes Related to Cell Proliferation, Neuronal Signature Formation, and Neuroplasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15746. [PMID: 37958729 PMCID: PMC10648210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic architecture. Genome-wide association studies indicate the involvement of several transcription factors, including ASCL1, in the pathogenesis of SZ. We aimed to identify ASCL1-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with SZ. We used Capture-C, CRISPR/Cas9 systems and RNA-seq analysis to confirm the involvement of ASCL1 in SZ-associated pathogenesis, establish a mutant SH-SY5Y line with a functional ASCL1 knockout (ASCL1-del) and elucidate differentially expressed genes that may underlie ASCL1-dependent pathogenic mechanisms. Capture-C confirmed the spatial interaction of the ASCL1 promoter with SZ-associated loci. Transcriptome analysis showed that ASCL1 regulation may be through a negative feedback mechanism. ASCL1 dysfunction affects the expression of genes associated with the pathogenesis of SZ, as well as bipolar and depressive disorders. Genes differentially expressed in ASCL1-del are involved in cell mitosis, neuronal projection, neuropeptide signaling, and the formation of intercellular contacts, including the synapse. After retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation, ASCL1 activity is restricted to a small subset of genes involved in neuroplasticity. These data suggest that ASCL1 dysfunction promotes SZ development predominantly before the onset of neuronal differentiation by slowing cell proliferation and impeding the formation of neuronal signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Sh., 34, Moscow 115522, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | | | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Sh., 34, Moscow 115522, Russia
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Sanchez-Cabrero D, Garcia-Guede Á, Burdiel M, Pernía O, Colmenarejo-Fernandez J, Gutierrez L, Higuera O, Rodriguez IE, Rosas-Alonso R, Rodriguez-Antolín C, Losantos-García I, Vera O, De Castro-Carpeño J, Ibanez de Caceres I. miR-124 as a Liquid Biopsy Prognostic Biomarker in Small Extracellular Vesicles from NSCLC Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11464. [PMID: 37511221 PMCID: PMC10380700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research, this is still the most common cancer type that has been diagnosed up to date. microRNAs have emerged as useful clinical biomarkers in both tissue and liquid biopsy. However, there are no reliable predictive biomarkers for clinical use. We evaluated the preclinical use of seven candidate miRNAs previously identified by our group. We collected a total of 120 prospective samples from 88 NSCLC patients. miRNA levels were analyzed via qRT-PCR from tissue and blood samples. miR-124 gene target prediction was performed using RNA sequencing data from our group and interrogating data from 2952 NSCLC patients from two public databases. We found higher levels of all seven miRNAs in tissue compared to plasma samples, except for miR-124. Our findings indicate that levels of miR-124, both free-circulating and within exosomes, are increased throughout the progression of the disease, suggesting its potential as a marker of disease progression in both advanced and early stages. Our bioinformatics approach identified KPNA4 and SPOCK1 as potential miR-124 targets in NSCLC. miR-124 levels can be used to identify early-stage NSCLC patients at higher risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Sanchez-Cabrero
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Garcia-Guede
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miranda Burdiel
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Pernía
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Colmenarejo-Fernandez
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gutierrez
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Higuera
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Esteban Rodriguez
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Rosas-Alonso
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Antolín
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olga Vera
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier De Castro-Carpeño
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ibanez de Caceres
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zalaquett Z, Catherine Rita Hachem M, Kassis Y, Hachem S, Eid R, Raphael Kourie H, Planchard D. Acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib: The constant battle. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 116:102557. [PMID: 37060646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detectable driver mutations have now changed the course of lung cancer treatment with the emergence of targeted therapy as a novel strategy that widely improved lung cancer prognosis, especially in metastatic patients. Osimertinib (AZD9291) is an irreversible third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) used to treat stage IV EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. It was initially designed to target both EGFR-activating mutations and the EGFR T790M mutation as well, which is the most common resistance mechanism to first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Following the FLAURA trial, osimertinib is now widely used in the first-line setting. However, resistance to osimertinib inevitably develops, with numerous mechanisms leading to its resistance, classified into two main categories: EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent mechanisms. While EGFR-dependent mechanisms consist mainly of the C797S EGFR mutation, EGFR-independent mechanisms include bypass pathways, oncogenic fusions, and phenotypic transformation, among others. This review summarizes the molecular resistance mechanisms to osimertinib, with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic approaches to overcome osimertinib resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Zalaquett
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Catherine Rita Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Kassis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Karagiorgou Z, Fountas PN, Manou D, Knutsen E, Theocharis AD. Proteoglycans Determine the Dynamic Landscape of EMT and Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5328. [PMID: 36358747 PMCID: PMC9653992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are pivotal components of extracellular matrices, involved in a variety of processes such as migration, invasion, morphogenesis, differentiation, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cellular plasticity is a crucial intermediate phenotypic state acquired by cancer cells, which can modulate EMT and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). PGs affect cell plasticity, stemness, and EMT, altering the cellular shape and functions. PGs control these functions, either by direct activation of signaling cascades, acting as co-receptors, or through regulation of the availability of biological compounds such as growth factors and cytokines. Differential expression of microRNAs is also associated with the expression of PGs and their interplay is implicated in the fine tuning of cancer cell phenotype and potential. This review summarizes the involvement of PGs in the regulation of EMT and stemness of cancer cells and highlights the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Karagiorgou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N. Fountas
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Sánchez‐Ovando S, Pavlidis S, Kermani NZ, Baines KJ, Barker D, Gibson PG, Wood LG, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Simpson JL, Wark PA. Pathways linked to unresolved inflammation and airway remodelling characterize the transcriptome in two independent severe asthma cohorts. Respirology 2022; 27:730-738. [PMID: 35673765 PMCID: PMC9540453 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogeneous disease. Transcriptomic analysis contributes to the understanding of pathogenesis necessary for developing new therapies. We sought to identify and validate mechanistic pathways of SA across two independent cohorts. Methods Transcriptomic profiles from U‐BIOPRED and Australian NOVocastrian Asthma cohorts were examined and grouped into SA, mild/moderate asthma (MMA) and healthy controls (HCs). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways and gene sets were identified as central to SA mechanisms if they were significant across both cohorts in either endobronchial biopsies or induced sputum. Results Thirty‐six DEGs and four pathways were shared across cohorts linking to tissue remodelling/repair in biopsies of SA patients, including SUMOylation, NRF2 pathway and oxidative stress pathways. MMA presented a similar profile to HCs. Induced sputum demonstrated IL18R1 as a shared DEG in SA compared with healthy subjects. We identified enrichment of gene sets related to corticosteroid treatment; immune‐related mechanisms; activation of CD4+ T cells, mast cells and IL18R1; and airway remodelling in SA. Conclusion Our results identified differentially expressed pathways that highlight the role of CD4+ T cells, mast cells and pathways linked to ongoing airway remodelling, such as IL18R1, SUMOylation and NRF2 pathways, as likely active mechanisms in the pathogenesis of SA. Transcriptome analysis from endobronchial biopsies and induced sputum from two independent cohorts of adults with severe asthma (SA) (U‐BIOPRED and Australian NOVocastrian Asthma cohort) demonstrated shared differentially expressed pathways previously linked to persistent unresolved inflammation and novel mechanisms of airway remodelling, which may represent potential novel mechanistic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SA. See relatededitorial
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Sánchez‐Ovando
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - Katherine Joanne Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital NSW New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Jodie Louise Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter A.B. Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital NSW New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia
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Tang W, Lu Q, Zhu J, Zheng X, Fang N, Ji S, Lu F. Identification of a Prognostic Signature Composed of GPI, IL22RA1, CCT6A and SPOCK1 for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Bioinformatic Analysis of lncRNA-Mediated ceRNA Network and Sample Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844691. [PMID: 35433415 PMCID: PMC9012227 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in China and worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. However, identifying lncRNA-related biomarkers to improve the accuracy of LUAD prognosis remains to be determined. This study downloaded RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified the differential RNAs by bioinformatics. A total of 214 lncRNA, 198 miRNA and 2989 mRNA were differentially identified between LUAD and adjacent nontumor samples. According to the ceRNA hypothesis, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network including 95 protein-coding mRNAs, 7 lncRNAs and 15 miRNAs, and found 24 node genes in this network were significantly associated with the overall survival of LUAD patients. Subsequently, through LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a four-gene prognostic signature composed of GPI, IL22RA1, CCT6A and SPOCK1 was developed based on the node genes of the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network, demonstrating high performance in predicting the survival and chemotherapeutic responses of low- and high-risk LUAD patients. Finally, independent prognostic factors were further analyzed and combined into a well-executed nomogram that showed strong potential for clinical applications. In summary, the data from the current study suggested that the four-gene signature obtained from analysis of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA could serve as a reliable biomarker for LUAD prognosis and evaluation of chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiaonan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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8
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Váncza L, Tátrai P, Reszegi A, Baghy K, Kovalszky I. SPOCK1 with unexpected function. The start of a new career. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C688-C693. [PMID: 35235422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SPOCK1, 2 and 3 are considered as matricellular proteoglycans without structural role. Their functions are only partly elucidated. SPOCK1 was detected in the brain as a member of the neural synapses, then in the neuromuscular junctions. It plays a role in the regulation of blood-brain barrier. Its best characterized activity was its oncogenic potential discovered in 2012. Its deleterious effect on tumor progression was detected on 36 different types of tumors by the end of 2020. However, its mode of actions is still not completely understood. Furthermore, even less was discovered about its physiological function. The fact that it was found to localize in the mitochondria and interfered with the lipid metabolism indicated, that the full discovery of SPOCK1 still waiting for us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránd Váncza
- Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrea Reszegi
- Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornelia Baghy
- Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Babaei-Jadidi R, Kashfi H, Alelwani W, Karimi Bakhtiari A, Kattan SW, Mansouri OA, Mukherjee A, Lobo DN, Nateri AS. Anti-miR-135/SPOCK1 axis antagonizes the influence of metabolism on drug response in intestinal/colon tumour organoids. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35046388 PMCID: PMC8770633 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in rewiring the metabolism within tumours and adjacent non-tumour bearing normal tissue and their potential in cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and metabolic components in murine duodenal polyps and non-polyp-derived organoids (mPOs and mNPOs) from a double-mutant ApcMinFbxw7∆G mouse model of intestinal/colorectal cancer (CRC). We analysed the expression of 373 miRNAs and 12 deregulated metabolic genes in mPOs and mNPOs. Our findings revealed miR-135b might target Spock1. Upregulation of SPOCK1 correlated with advanced stages of CRCs. Knockdown of miR-135b decreased the expression level of SPOCK1, glucose consumption and lactic secretion in CRC patient-derived tumours organoids (CRC tPDOs). Increased SPOCK1 induced by miR-135b overexpression promoted the Warburg effect and consequently antitumour effect of 5-fluorouracil. Thus, combination with miR-135b antisense nucleotides may represent a novel strategy to sensitise CRC to the chemo-reagent based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hossein Kashfi
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashkan Karimi Bakhtiari
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahad W Kattan
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omniah A Mansouri
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhik Mukherjee
- Histopathology, BioDiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, BioDiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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10
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SPOCK1 promotes metastasis in pancreatic cancer via NF-κB-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition by interacting with IκB-α. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 45:69-84. [PMID: 34855159 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domain proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) has been reported to function as an oncogene in a variety of cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that SPOCK1 contributes to the metastatic cascade, including invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and micro-metastasis formation. As yet, however, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Here, we evaluated the expression and clinicopathological significance of SPOCK1 in primary pancreatic cancer (PC) specimens and explored the mechanisms underlying SPOCK1-mediated PC cell growth and metastasis. METHODS The clinical relevance of SPOCK1 was evaluated in 81 patients with PC. The effect of SPOCK1 on proliferation, cell cycle progression, EMT and metastasis was examined in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms involved in SPOCK1-mediated regulation of NF-κB-dependent EMT were assessed in PC cell lines. RESULTS We found that SPOCK1 expression was increased in PC tissues and was associated with lymph node metastasis. Silencing or exogenous overexpression of SPOCK1 markedly altered the proliferation of PC cells through cell cycle transition. Overexpression of SPOCK1 promoted PC cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT progression. Moreover, we found that SPOCK1 contributes to EMT and metastasis by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway via direct interaction with IκBα. After NF-κB pathway inhibition by BAY11-7082, we found that PC cell motility and EMT induced by SPOCK1 were reversed. CONCLUSION From our data we conclude that SPOCK1 promotes PC metastasis via NF-κB-dependent EMT by interacting with IκBα. This newly identified mechanism may provide novel clues for the (targeted) treatment of PC patients.
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11
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Zheng H, Liu H, Li H, Dou W, Wang X. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses in Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:744677. [PMID: 34692770 PMCID: PMC8531434 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.744677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most prominent cellular components in gastric cancer (GC) stroma that contribute to GC progression, treatment resistance, and immunosuppression. This study aimed at exploring stromal CAF-related factors and developing a CAF-related classifier for predicting prognosis and therapeutic effects in GC. Methods: We downloaded mRNA expression and clinical information of 431 GC samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and 330 GC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. CAF infiltrations were quantified by the estimate the proportion of immune and cancer cells (EPIC) method, and stromal scores were calculated via the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Stromal CAF-related genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A CAF risk signature was then developed using the univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) Cox regression model. We applied the Spearman test to determine the correlation among CAF risk score, CAF markers, and CAF infiltrations (estimated via EPIC, xCell, microenvironment cell populations-counter (MCP-counter), and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithms). The TIDE algorithm was further used to assess immunotherapy response. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to clarify the molecular mechanisms. Results: The 4-gene (COL8A1, SPOCK1, AEBP1, and TIMP2) prognostic CAF model was constructed. GC patients were classified into high– and low–CAF-risk groups in accordance with their median CAF risk score, and patients in the high–CAF-risk group had significant worse prognosis. Spearman correlation analyses revealed the CAF risk score was strongly and positively correlated with stromal and CAF infiltrations, and the four model genes also exhibited positive correlations with CAF markers. Furthermore, TIDE analysis revealed high–CAF-risk patients were less likely to respond to immunotherapy. GSEA revealed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-β signaling, hypoxia, and angiogenesis gene sets were significantly enriched in high–CAF-risk group patients. Conclusion: The present four-gene prognostic CAF signature was not only reliable for predicting prognosis but also competent to estimate clinical immunotherapy response for GC patients, which might provide significant clinical implications for guiding tailored anti-CAF therapy in combination with immunotherapy for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Genome-wide association study of trypanosome prevalence and morphometric traits in purebred and crossbred Baoulé cattle of Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255089. [PMID: 34351956 PMCID: PMC8341487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, single-SNP GWAS analyses were conducted to find regions affecting tolerance against trypanosomosis and morphometrics traits in purebred and crossbred Baoulé cattle of Burkina Faso. The trypanosomosis status (positive and negative) and a wide set of morphological traits were recorded for purebred Baoulé and crossbred Zebu x Baoulé cattle, and genotyped with the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip. After quality control, 36,203 SNPs and 619 animals including 343 purebred Baoulé and 279 crossbreds were used for the GWAS analyses. Several important genes were found that can influence morphological parameters. Although there were no genes identified with a reported strong connection to size traits, many of them were previously identified in various growth-related studies. A re-occurring theme for the genes residing in the regions identified by the most significant SNPs was pleiotropic effect on growth of the body and the cardiovascular system. Regarding trypanosomosis tolerance, two potentially important regions were identified in purebred Baoulé on chromosomes 16 and 24, containing the CFH, CRBN, TRNT1 and, IL5RA genes, and one additional genomic region in Baoulé, x Zebu crossbreds on chromosome 5, containing MGAT4C and NTS. Almost all of these regions and genes were previously related to the trait of interest, while the CRBN gene was to our knowledge presented in the context of trypanosomiasis tolerance for the first time.
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13
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Han J, Rong Y, Gao X. Multiomic analysis of the function of SPOCK1 across cancers: an integrated bioinformatics approach. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520962659. [PMID: 34156309 PMCID: PMC8236807 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520962659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) gene expression across The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancers, both in cancer versus normal tissues and in different stages across the cancer types. Methods This integrated bioinformatics study used data from several bioinformatics databases (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype-Tissue Expression, TCGA, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource [TIMER]) to define the expression pattern of the SPOCK1 gene. A survival analysis was undertaken across the cancers. The search tool for retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) database was used to identify proteins that interacted with SPOCK1. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was conducted to determine pathway enrichment. The TIMER database was used to explore the correlation between SPOCK1 and immune cell infiltration. Results This multiomic analysis showed that the SPOCK1 gene was expressed differently between normal tissues and tumours in several cancers and that it was involved in cancer progression. The overexpression of the SPOCK1 gene was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Analysis of gene expression and tumour-infiltrating immune cells showed that SPOCK1 correlated with several immune cells across cancers. Conclusions This research showed that SPOCK1 might serve as a new target for several cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Rong
- Infection Disease Center of Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Gao
- Infection Disease Center of Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang B, Tang D, Liu Z, Wang Q, Xue S, Zhao Z, Feng D, Sheng C, Li J, Zhou Z. LINC00958 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251797. [PMID: 34003875 PMCID: PMC8130937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent histological type of oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal cancer has a poor prognosis because of its invasiveness. Thus, it is especially important to seek effective treatment methods. Research indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the occurrence and development of oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to describe the role of LINC00958 in ESCC. Bioinformatics and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods were utilized to predict and verify the expression of LINC00958 in ESCC. Related functional experiments, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, were performed. In addition, a western blot and a dual luciferase reporter gene experiment were used to study the detailed carcinogenic mechanism of LINC00958. The results indicated there was a high expression of LINC00958 in ESCC, which promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of ESCC cells, and this effect may be via regulating miR-510-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Tang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zijie Zhao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Feng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of environment and life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Alshargabi R, Shinjo T, Iwashita M, Yamashita A, Sano T, Nishimura Y, Hayashi M, Zeze T, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Nishimura F. SPOCK1 induces adipose tissue maturation: New insights into the function of SPOCK1 in metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1076-1082. [PMID: 33012508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SPOCK1 is a calcium-binding matricellular proteoglycan that has been extensively studied in several cancer cells. Previously, we generated a mouse line overexpressing SPOCK1 (Spock1-Tg mouse) and showed that SPOCK1 might play an important role in drug-induced gingival overgrowth, indicating that it possesses physiological functions in non-cancer diseases as well. Although SPOCK1 was reported to be secreted from human adipocytes, its role in adipocyte physiology has not been addressed yet. In this study, SPOCK1 protein expression was confirmed in pancreas, adipose tissues, spleen, and liver of normal diet (ND)-fed mice. Interestingly, SPOCK1 was up-regulated in the pancreas and adipose tissues of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Spock1-Tg mice fed with ND showed increased maturation in epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues. In addition, Spock1 overexpression strongly decreased expression of UCP-1 in adipose tissues, suggesting that SPOCK1 might regulate thermogenic function through suppression of UCP-1 expression. Finally, exogenous SPOCK1 treatment directly accelerated the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, accompanied by the up-regulation of adipocyte differentiation-related gene expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that SPOCK1 induced adipocyte differentiation via the up-regulation of adipogenesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Alshargabi
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamashita
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hayashi
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Zeze
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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16
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Zamanpoor M, Ghaedi H, Omrani MD. Association of SPOCK1 gene locus with rheumatoid arthritis in Caucasians. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Barkovskaya A, Buffone A, Žídek M, Weaver VM. Proteoglycans as Mediators of Cancer Tissue Mechanics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569377. [PMID: 33330449 PMCID: PMC7734320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a diverse group of molecules which are characterized by a central protein backbone that is decorated with a variety of linear sulfated glycosaminoglycan side chains. Proteoglycans contribute significantly to the biochemical and mechanical properties of the interstitial extracellular matrix where they modulate cellular behavior by engaging transmembrane receptors. Proteoglycans also comprise a major component of the cellular glycocalyx to influence transmembrane receptor structure/function and mechanosignaling. Through their ability to initiate biochemical and mechanosignaling in cells, proteoglycans elicit profound effects on proliferation, adhesion and migration. Pathologies including cancer and cardiovascular disease are characterized by perturbed expression of proteoglycans where they compromise cell and tissue behavior by stiffening the extracellular matrix and increasing the bulkiness of the glycocalyx. Increasing evidence indicates that a bulky glycocalyx and proteoglycan-enriched extracellular matrix promote malignant transformation, increase cancer aggression and alter anti-tumor therapy response. In this review, we focus on the contribution of proteoglycans to mechanobiology in the context of normal and transformed tissues. We discuss the significance of proteoglycans for therapy response, and the current experimental strategies that target proteoglycans to sensitize cancer cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barkovskaya
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Buffone
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martin Žídek
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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Yao LY, Ma J, Zeng XM, Ou-Yang J. MicroRNA-155-5p inhibits the invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells by targeting SPOCK1. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:353. [PMID: 33123264 PMCID: PMC7586282 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of microRNA (miR)-155-5p on the expression of testican-1 (SPOCK1) and the invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular biology assays revealed that SPOCK1 may be a direct target gene of miR-155-5p. In addition, a negative correlation was identified between SPCOK1 and miR-155-5p expression in prostate tumor tissues and cell lines. miR-155-5p mimic transfection inhibited SPOCK1 expression in PC3 cells and decreased cell migration and invasion abilities, while the expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP9 was upregulated. In summary, SPOCK1 was found to be a target gene of miR155-5p in prostate cancer, and miR-155-5p acts as a tumor-suppressor gene and may inhibit SPOCK1-mediated prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ya Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Kunshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Urology, Kunshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ming Zeng
- Department of Urology, Kunshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ou-Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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19
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Du Z, Lin Z, Wang Z, Liu D, Tian D, Xia L. SPOCK1 overexpression induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis through the integrin α5β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1042-1056. [PMID: 32291390 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domain proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) is a matricellular protein which regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and survival but the function of SPOCK1 in liver fibrosis is obscure. In this study, we found that SPOCK1 expression increased significantly in fibrotic liver tissues and activated primary rat hepatic stellate cells (R-HSCs). SPOCK1 co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, we found platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induced SPOCK1 expression by activating the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) signaling pathway. Intracellular SPOCK1 downregulation decreased the HSC activation, proliferation, and migration induced by PDGF-BB. Furthermore, intracellular SPOCK1 overexpression or recombinant SPOCK1 treatment promoted HSC activation, proliferation, and migration by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, double immunofluorescence staining indicated that SPOCK1 interacted with integrin α5β1, and neutralization of integrin α5β1 significantly reduced the role of recombinant SPOCK1 in HSCs. In vivo HSC-specific SPOCK1 knockdown following lentivirus administration dramatically ameliorated thioacetamide (TAA)-induced collagen deposition in rat livers. Collectively, our study indicates that SPOCK1 is crucial for hepatic fibrosis and it might be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhuoying Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China. .,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China. .,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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20
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Colorectal Cancer Early Detection in Stool Samples Tracing CpG Islands Methylation Alterations Affecting Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124494. [PMID: 32599859 PMCID: PMC7349989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality. Early diagnosis is relevant for its prevention and treatment. Since DNA methylation alterations are early events in tumourigenesis and can be detected in cell-free DNA, they represent promising biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis through non-invasive methods. In our previous work, we identified 74 early altered CpG islands (CGIs) associated with genes involved in cell cross-talking and cell signalling pathways. The aim of this work was to test whether methylation-based biomarkers could be detected in non-invasive matrices. Our results confirmed methylation alterations of GRIA4 and VIPR2 in CRC tissues, using MethyLight, as well as in stool samples, using a much more sensitive technique as droplet digital PCR. Furthermore, we analysed expression levels of selected genes whose promoter CGIs were hypermethylated in CRC, detecting downregulation at mRNA and protein levels in CRC tissue for GRIA4, VIPR2, SPOCK1 and SLC6A3. Most of these genes were already lowly expressed in colon normal tissues supporting the idea that cancer DNA methylation targets genes already barely expressed in the matched normal tissues. Our study suggests GRIA4 and VIPR2 as biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis using stool samples and confirms downregulation of genes hypermethylated in CRC.
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21
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SPOCK1 is a novel inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9785. [PMID: 32555336 PMCID: PMC7300011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the role of extracellular-matrix proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). SPOCK1 is an extracellular proteoglycan that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancer cell lines and exhibits protease-inhibitory activity. However, the role of SPOCK1 in non-cancerous diseases such as DIGO has not been well-addressed. We demonstrated that the expression of SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 in calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth is higher than that in non-overgrowth tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing Spock1 developed obvious gingival-overgrowth and fibrosis phenotypes, and positively correlated with EMT-like changes. Furthermore, in vitro data indicated a tri-directional interaction between SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 that led to gingival overgrowth. Our study shows that SPOCK1 up-regulation in a noncancerous disease and SPOCK1-induced EMT in gingival overgrowth occurs via cooperation and crosstalk between several potential signaling pathways. Therefore, SPOCK1 is a novel therapeutic target for gingival overgrowth and its expression is a potential risk of EMT induction in cancerous lesions.
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22
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Aliloo H, Mrode R, Okeyo AM, Gibson JP. Ancestral Haplotype Mapping for GWAS and Detection of Signatures of Selection in Admixed Dairy Cattle of Kenya. Front Genet 2020; 11:544. [PMID: 32582285 PMCID: PMC7296079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic structure of adaptation and productivity in challenging environments is necessary for designing breeding programs that suit such conditions. Crossbred dairy cattle in East Africa resulting from over 60 years of crossing exotic dairy breeds with indigenous cattle plus inter se matings form a highly variable admixed population. This population has been subject to natural selection in response to environmental stresses, such as harsh climate, low-quality feeds, poor management, and strong disease challenge. Here, we combine two complementary sets of analyses, genome-wide association (GWA) and signatures of selection (SoS), to identify genomic regions that contribute to variation in milk yield and/or contribute to adaptation in admixed dairy cattle of Kenya. Our GWA separates SNP effects due to ancestral origin of alleles from effects due to within-population linkage disequilibrium. The results indicate that many genomic regions contributed to the high milk production potential of modern dairy breeds with no region having an exceptional effect. For SoS, we used two haplotype-based tests to compare haplotype length variation within admixed and between admixed and East African Shorthorn Zebu cattle populations. The integrated haplotype score (iHS) analysis identified 16 candidate regions for positive selection in the admixed cattle while the between population Rsb test detected 24 divergently selected regions in the admixed cattle compared to East African Shorthorn Zebu. We compare the results from GWA and SoS in an attempt to validate the most significant SoS results. Only four candidate regions for SoS intersect with GWA regions using a low stringency test. The identified SoS candidate regions harbored genes in several enriched annotation clusters and overlapped with previously found QTLs and associations for different traits in cattle. If validated, the GWA and SoS results indicate potential for SNP-based genomic selection for genetic improvement of smallholder crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Aliloo
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Raphael Mrode
- Animal Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Animal and Veterinary Science, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A M Okeyo
- Animal Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John P Gibson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Sun LR, Li SY, Guo QS, Zhou W, Zhang HM. SPOCK1 Involvement in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: A New Target in Cancer Therapy? Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3561-3569. [PMID: 32547193 PMCID: PMC7244346 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s249754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis is the main obstacle to increasing the lifespan of cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in oncogenic processes, including tumor invasion, intravasation, and micrometastasis formation, and is especially critical for cancer invasion and metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of EMT corresponding to the change in adhesion between cells and matrices. Conclusion SPOCK1 is a critical regulator of the ECM and mediates EMT in cancer cells. This suggests an important role for SPOCK1 in tumorigenesis, migration and invasion. SPOCK1 is a critical regulator of some processes involved in cancer progression, including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Herein, the functions of SPOCK1 in cancer progression are expounded, revealing the association between SPOCK1 and EMT in cancer metastasis. SPOCK1 is a positive downstream regulator of transforming growth factor-β, and SPOCK1-mediated EMT regulates invasion and metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It is of significance that SPOCK1 may be an attractive prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Singh P, Rai A, Dohare R, Arora S, Ali S, Parveen S, Syed MA. Network-based identification of signature genes KLF6 and SPOCK1 associated with oral submucous fibrosis. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:299-310. [PMID: 32190310 PMCID: PMC7058035 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is yet to be fully elucidated. The identification of reliable signature genes to screen patients with a high risk of OSF and to provide oral cancer surveillance is therefore required. The present study produced a filtering criterion based on network characteristics and principal component analysis, and identified the genes that were involved in OSF prognosis. Two gene expression datasets were analyzed using meta-analysis, the results of which revealed 1,176 biologically significant genes. A co-expression network was subsequently constructed and weighted gene modules were detected. The pathway and functional enrichment analyses of the present study allowed for the identification of modules 1 and 2, and their respective genes, SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domain proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) and kruppel like factor 6 (KLF6), which were involved in the occurrence of OSF. The results revealed that both genes had a prominent role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition during OSF progression. The genes identified in the present study require further exploration and validation within clinical settings to determine their roles in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arpita Rai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Gerarduzzi C, Hartmann U, Leask A, Drobetsky E. The Matrix Revolution: Matricellular Proteins and Restructuring of the Cancer Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2705-2717. [PMID: 32193287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells is indispensable for regulating their behavior. The dynamics of ECM signaling are tightly controlled throughout growth and development. During tissue remodeling, matricellular proteins (MCP) are secreted into the ECM. These factors do not serve classical structural roles, but rather regulate matrix proteins and cell-matrix interactions to influence normal cellular functions. In the tumor microenvironment, it is becoming increasingly clear that aberrantly expressed MCPs can support multiple hallmarks of carcinogenesis by interacting with various cellular components that are coupled to an array of downstream signals. Moreover, MCPs also reorganize the biomechanical properties of the ECM to accommodate metastasis and tumor colonization. This realization is stimulating new research on MCPs as reliable and accessible biomarkers in cancer, as well as effective and selective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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RASSF10 Is a TGFβ-Target That Regulates ASPP2 and E-Cadherin Expression and Acts as Tumor Suppressor That Is Epigenetically Downregulated in Advanced Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121976. [PMID: 31817988 PMCID: PMC6966473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras Association Domain Family (RASSF) encodes members of tumor suppressor genes which are frequently inactivated in human cancers. Here, the function and the regulation of RASSF10, that contains a RA (Ras-association) and two coiled domains, was investigated. We utilized mass spectrometry and immuno-precipitation to identify interaction partners of RASSF10. Additionally, we analyzed the up- and downstream pathways of RASSF10 that are involved in its tumor suppressive function. We report that RASSF10 binds ASPP1 (Apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) and ASPP2 through its coiled-coils. Induction of RASSF10 leads to increased protein levels of ASPP2 and acts negatively on cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we found that RASSF10 is a target of the EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) driver TGFβ (Transforming growth factor beta) and that negatively associated genes of RASSF10 are significantly over-represented in an EMT gene set collection. We observed a positive correlation of RASSF10 expression and E-cadherin that prevents EMT. Depletion of RASSF10 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology induces the ability of lung cancer cells to proliferate and to invade an extracellular matrix after TGFβ treatment. Additionally, knockdown of RASSF10 or ASPP2 induced constitutive phosphorylation of SMAD2 (Smad family member 2). Moreover, we found that epigenetic reduction of RASSF10 levels correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in human cancers. Our study indicates that RASSF10 acts a TGFβ target gene and negatively regulates cell growth and invasion through ASPP2. This data suggests that epigenetic loss of RASSF10 contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting EMT induced by TGFβ.
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Gene Expression Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix Signature in Macrophages of Different Activation Status: Relevance for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205086. [PMID: 31615030 PMCID: PMC6829210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissue architecture and is a major effector of cell behavior during skin repair and inflammation. Macrophages are involved in all stages of skin repair but only limited knowledge exists about macrophage-specific expression and regulation of ECM components. In this study, we used transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis to define the unique expression of ECM-associated genes in cultured macrophages. Characterization of the matrisome revealed that most genes were constitutively expressed and that several genes were uniquely regulated upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) and dexamethasone stimulation. Among those core matrisome and matrisome-associated components transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-induced, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), elastin microfibril interfacer (EMILIN)-1, netrin-1 and gliomedin were also present within the wound bed at time points that are characterized by profound macrophage infiltration. Hence, macrophages are a source of ECM components in vitro as well as during skin wound healing, and identification of these matrisome components is a first step to understand the role and therapeutic value of ECM components in macrophages and during wound healing.
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The Interferon-Inducible Proteoglycan Testican-2/SPOCK2 Functions as a Protective Barrier against Virus Infection of Lung Epithelial Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00662-19. [PMID: 31341044 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00662-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans function not only as structural components of the extracellular compartment but also as regulators of various cellular events, including cell migration, inflammation, and infection. Many microbial pathogens utilize proteoglycans to facilitate adhesion and invasion into host cells. Here we report a secreted form of a novel heparan sulfate proteoglycan that functions against virus infection. The expression of SPOCK2/testican-2 was significantly induced in virus-infected lungs or in interferon (IFN)-treated alveolar lung epithelial cells. Overexpression from a SPOCK2 expression plasmid alone or the treatment of cells with recombinant SPOCK2 protein efficiently blocked influenza virus infection at the step of viral attachment to the host cell and entry. Moreover, mice treated with purified SPOCK2 were protected against virus infection. Sialylated glycans and heparan sulfate chains covalently attached to the SPOCK2 core protein were critical for its antiviral activity. Neuraminidase (NA) of influenza virus cleaves the sialylated moiety of SPOCK2, thereby blocking its binding to the virus. Our data suggest that IFN-induced SPOCK2 functions as a decoy receptor to bind and block influenza virus infection, thereby restricting entry of the infecting virus into neighboring cells.IMPORTANCE Here we report a novel proteoglycan protein, testican-2/SPOCK2, that prevents influenza virus infection. Testican-2/SPOCK2 is a complex type of secreted proteoglycan with heparan sulfate GAG chains attached to the core protein. SPOCK2 expression is induced upon virus infection or by interferons, and the protein is secreted to an extracellular compartment, where it acts directly to block virus-cell attachment and entry. Treatment with purified testican-2/SPOCK2 protein can efficiently block influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo We also identified the heparan sulfate moiety as a key regulatory module for this inhibitory effect. Based on its mode of action (cell attachment/entry blocker) and site of action (extracellular compartment), we propose testican-2/SPOCK2 as a potential antiviral agent that can efficiently control influenza virus infection.
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29
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Gao Y, Yu M, Ma M, Zhuang Y, Qiu X, Zhao Q, Dai J, Cai H, Yan X. SPOCK1 contributes to the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance in lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12566-12573. [PMID: 30825234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Explanation of the mechanism of resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and the development of a novel strategy for drug resistance are imperative in third-generation EGFR-TKIs-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SPOCK1 was found to be abnormally expressed in various tumors including lung cancer, however, there was no study focused on the role of SPOCK1 in third-generation EGFR-TKIs resistant lung cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the roles of SPOCK1 in NSCLC with third-generation EGFR-TKIs resistance. We showed that SPOCK1 was upregulated in the osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells and knockdown of SPOCK1 inhibits osimertinib-resistant cells growth and overcomes resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SPOCK1 was higher in clinical NSCLC specimens compared with the normal lung tissues, and the higher expression of SPOCK1 correlated with poor prognosis. In addition, the overexpression of SPOCK1 in NSCLC tissues was positively correlated with MMP11 and TGFβ1. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that SPOCK1 could be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC and would be a candidate for target therapy in osimertinib-resistant lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Li P, Xiao Z, Luo J, Zhang Y, Lin L. MiR-139-5p, miR-940 and miR-193a-5p inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SPOCK1. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2475-2488. [PMID: 30710422 PMCID: PMC6433657 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to screen out miRNAs with differential expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the influence of the expressions of these miRNAs and their target gene on HCC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. MiRNAs with differential expression in HCC were screened out by microarray analysis. The common target gene of these miRNAs (miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p) was screened out by analysing the target genes profile (acquired from Targetscan) of the three miRNAs. Expression levels of miRNAs and SPOCK1 were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The target relationships were verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay. Through 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide,thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell assays and flow cytometry, HCC cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were determined. In vivo experiment was conducted in nude mice to investigate the influence of three miRNAs on tumour growth. Down‐regulation of miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p was found in HCC. Overexpression of these miRNAs suppressed HCC cell viability and invasion, promoted apoptosis and inhibited tumour growth. SPOCK1, the common target gene of miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p, was overexpressed in HCC. SPOCK1 overexpression promoted proliferation and invasion, and restrained apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p inhibited HCC development through targeting SPOCK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hedrick E, Mohankumar K, Safe S. TGFβ-Induced Lung Cancer Cell Migration Is NR4A1-Dependent. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1991-2002. [PMID: 30072581 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ induces migration of lung cancer cells (A549, H460, and H1299), dependent on activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1), and is inhibited by the JNK1 inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, TGFβ-induced migration of the cells is also blocked by the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) ligand 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane (CDIM8), which retains NR4A1 in the nucleus. Subsequent analysis showed that the TGFβ/TGFβ receptor/PKA/MKK4 and -7/JNK pathway cascade phosphorylates and induces nuclear export of NR4A1, which in turn forms an active complex with Axin2, Arkadia (RNF111), and RNF12 (RLIM) to induce proteasome-dependent degradation of SMAD7 and enhance lung cancer cell migration. Thus, NR4A1 also plays an integral role in mediating TGFβ-induced lung cancer invasion, and the NR4A1 ligand CDIM8, which binds nuclear NR4A1, represents a novel therapeutic approach for TGFβ-induced blocking of lung cancer migration/invasion. IMPLICATIONS: Effective treatment of TGFβ-induced lung cancer progression could involve a number of agents including the CDIM/NR4A1 antagonists that block not only TGFβ-induced migration, but several other NR4A1-regulated prooncogenic genes/pathways in lung cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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Suetsugu T, Koshizuka K, Seki N, Mizuno K, Okato A, Arai T, Misono S, Uchida A, Kumamoto T, Inoue H. Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 14 by the antitumor miRNA, miR-150-5p, inhibits the aggressiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:913-924. [PMID: 29286099 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in order to elucidate the aggressive nature of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQ), we investigated the oncogenic RNA networks regulated by antitumor microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in LUSQ cells. The analysis of our original miRNA expression signatures of human cancers revealed that microRNA‑150‑5p (miR‑150‑5p) was downregulated in various types of cancer, indicating that miR‑150‑5p acts as an antitumor miRNA by targeting several oncogenic genes. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the antitumor roles of miR‑150‑5p in LUSQ cells and to identify oncogenes regulated by miR‑150‑5p that are involved in the aggressive behavior of LUSQ. The downregulation of miR‑150‑5p was validated in clinical samples of LUSQ and cell lines (SK-MES‑1 and EBC‑1). The ectopic overexpression of miR‑150‑5p significantly suppressed cancer cell aggressiveness. Comprehensive gene expression analyses revealed that miR‑150‑5p regulated 9 genes in the LUSQ cells. Among these, matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) was found to be a direct target of miR‑150‑5p, as shown by luciferase reporter assay. The knockdown of MMP14 using siRNA against MMP14 (si-MMP14) significantly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. The overexpression of MMP14 was detected in clinical specimens of LUSQ by immunohistochemistry. On the whole, these findings suggest that the downregulation of miR‑150‑5p and the overexpression of MMP14 may be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of LUSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Suetsugu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koshizuka
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Misono
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Akifumi Uchida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kumamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
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Koshizuka K, Hanazawa T, Kikkawa N, Katada K, Okato A, Arai T, Idichi T, Osako Y, Okamoto Y, Seki N. Antitumor miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p inhibit cancer cell aggressiveness by targeting SPOCK1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2017; 45:854-865. [PMID: 29233721 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our recent studies have revealed that both strands of pre-miRNAs, the guide strand and the passenger strand, are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Analyses of miRNA expression signatures by RNA sequencing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) showed that both of the strands of pre-miR-150 (miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p) were significantly downregulated, and that these miRNAs acted as antitumor miRNAs in HNSCC cells. The aim of this study was to identify oncogenic genes in HNSCC cells that were regulated by miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p. METHODS Genome-wide gene expression studies, in silico analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to predict miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p regulation in HNSCC cells. Knockdown assay was applied to investigate the functional significance of the target gene. Overall patient survival as a function of target gene expression was estimated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS A total of 19 genes were putative targets of both miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p regulation. Among them, SPOCK1 (SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1) was directly regulated by both miRNAs in HNSCC cells. Knockdown studies using si-SPOCK1 showed that expression of SPOCK1 enhanced HNSCC cell aggressiveness. Overexpression of SPOCK1/SPOCK1 was confirmed in HNSCC clinical specimens. Interestingly, analysis of a large number of patients in the TCGA database (n=248) demonstrated that patients with high SPOCK1 expression had significantly shorter survival than did those with low SPOCK1 expression (P=0.0003). Moreover, 15 pathways were identified as SPOCK1-mediated downstream pathways. CONCLUSION Downregulation of both strands of pre-miR-150 (miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p) and overexpression of SPOCK1 contribute to the aggressive nature of HNSCC. The involvement of passenger strand miRNA in the regulation of HNSCC pathogenesis is a novel concept in RNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Koshizuka
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Kikkawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Katada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Idichi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Osako
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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Singh M, Venugopal C, Tokar T, Brown KR, McFarlane N, Bakhshinyan D, Vijayakumar T, Manoranjan B, Mahendram S, Vora P, Qazi M, Dhillon M, Tong A, Durrer K, Murty N, Hallet R, Hassell JA, Kaplan DR, Cutz JC, Jurisica I, Moffat J, Singh SK. RNAi screen identifies essential regulators of human brain metastasis-initiating cells. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:923-940. [PMID: 28766011 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumor in adults and are a leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic lesions contain subclones derived from their primary lesion, yet their functional characterization is limited by a paucity of preclinical models accurately recapitulating the metastatic cascade, emphasizing the need for a novel approach to BM and their treatment. We identified a unique subset of stem-like cells from primary human patient brain metastases, termed brain metastasis-initiating cells (BMICs). We now establish a BMIC patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDXT) model as an investigative tool to comprehensively interrogate human BM. Using both in vitro and in vivo RNA interference screens of these BMIC models, we identified SPOCK1 and TWIST2 as essential BMIC regulators. SPOCK1 in particular is a novel regulator of BMIC self-renewal, modulating tumor initiation and metastasis from the lung to the brain. A prospective cohort of primary lung cancer specimens showed that SPOCK1 was overexpressed only in patients who ultimately developed BM. Protein-protein interaction network mapping between SPOCK1 and TWIST2 identified novel pathway interactors with significant prognostic value in lung cancer patients. Of these genes, INHBA, a TGF-β ligand found mutated in lung adenocarcinoma, showed reduced expression in BMICs with knockdown of SPOCK1. In conclusion, we have developed a useful preclinical model of BM, which has served to identify novel putative BMIC regulators, presenting potential therapeutic targets that block the metastatic process, and transform a uniformly fatal systemic disease into a locally controlled and eminently more treatable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thusyanth Vijayakumar
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sujeivan Mahendram
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maleeha Qazi
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Manvir Dhillon
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Tong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathrin Durrer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naresh Murty
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Hallet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Anatomic Pathology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, IBM Life Sciences Discovery Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Chen D, Zhou H, Liu G, Zhao Y, Cao G, Liu Q. SPOCK1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through Slug-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:797-807. [PMID: 28940639 PMCID: PMC5783867 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a crucial impediment to the successful treatment for gastric cancer. SPOCK1 has been demonstrated to facilitate cancer metastasis in certain types of cancers; however, the role of SPOCK1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer remains elusive. SPOCK1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related biomarkers were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in gastric cancer specimens. Other methods including stably transfected against SPOCK1 into gastric cancer cells, Western blot, migration and invasion assays in vitro and metastasis assay in vivo were also performed. The elevated expression of SPOCK1 correlates with EMT-related markers in human gastric cancer tissue, clinical metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. In addition, knockdown of SPOCK1 expression significantly inhibits the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, inversely, SPOCK1 overexpression results in the opposite effect. Interestingly, SPOCK1 expression has no effect on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the mechanism(s) of SPOCK1-induced cells invasion and metastasis, we prove that Slug-induced EMT is involved in SPOCK1-facilitating gastric cancer cells invasion and metastasis. The elevated SPOCK1 expression is closely correlated with cancer metastasis and patient survival, and SPOCK1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through Slug-mediated EMT, thereby possibly providing a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghai Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Wang Y, Wang W, Qiu E. SPOCK1 promotes the growth of Osteosarcoma cells through mTOR-S6K signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:564-570. [PMID: 28869894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SPOCK1 belongs to the SPARC family, which plays an important role in proliferation, invasion and migration of various tumour cells. However, the functions of SPOCK1 in osteosarcoma cell growth and proliferation have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that SPOCK1 is significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissue. Moreover, overexpression of SPOCK1 was associated with tumour size, metastasis, Enneking stage and pathological degree. Furthermore, knockdown of SPOCK1 expression suppressed the growth of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and reduced tumourigenicity in nude mice in vivo. Additionally, our data suggest that inactivation of the mTOR-S6K signaling pathway participated in inhibition of SPOCK1-mediated suppression of osteosarcoma cell growth. These findings represent a novel pathogenetic mechanism of osteosarcoma development that provides a potential target for therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute, China
| | - Enduo Qiu
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute, China
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Tzanakakis G, Kavasi RM, Voudouri K, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Tsatsakis A, Nikitovic D. Role of the extracellular matrix in cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:368-381. [PMID: 28758355 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a crucial component in the processes of morphogenesis and embryonic development. The transition of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is associated with numerous structural and functional changes, including loss of cell polarity and tight cell-cell junctions, the acquisition of invasive abilities, and the expression of mesenchymal proteins. The switch between the two phenotypes is involved in human pathology and is crucial for cancer progression. Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are multi-component networks that surround cells in tissues. These networks are obligatory for cell survival, growth, and differentiation as well as tissue organization. Indeed, the ECM suprastructure, in addition to its supportive role, can process and deliver a plethora of signals to cells, which ultimately regulate their behavior. Importantly, the ECM derived signals are critically involved in the process of EMT during tumorigenesis. This review discusses the multilayer interaction between the ECM and the EMT process, focusing on contributions of discrete mediators, a strategy that may identify novel potential target molecules. Developmental Dynamics 247:368-381, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kallirroi Voudouri
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Regulation of SPOCK1 by dual strands of pre-miR-150 inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:935-944. [PMID: 28659612 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of our microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures of human cancers based on RNA sequencing have shown that both strands of pre-miR-150, miR-150-5p (the guide strand) and miR-150-3p (the passenger strand), are significantly reduced in cancer tissues. We have investigated the functional significance of both strands of pre-miR-150 in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor function of these miRNAs and how these miRNAs regulated oncogenic targets in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Ectopic expression studies demonstrated that both strands of pre-miR-150 miRNA inhibited ESCC cancer cell migration and invasion, indicating that both miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p acted as antitumor miRNAs. A combination of genome-wide gene expression analyses and in silico database searches showed that SPOCK1 (SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1) was a candidate target of miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p in ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assays showed that SPOCK1 was directly regulated by these miRNAs. Silencing of SPOCK1 by small interfering RNA inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of SPOCK1/SPOCK1 was confirmed by real-time PCR methods and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, downregulation of both strands of pre-miR-150 and overexpression of SPOCK1 are involved in ESCC pathogenesis. The involvement of passenger strand miRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell aggressiveness is a novel concept in RNA research.
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Veenstra VL, Damhofer H, Waasdorp C, Steins A, Kocher HM, Medema JP, van Laarhoven HW, Bijlsma MF. Stromal SPOCK1 supports invasive pancreatic cancer growth. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1050-1064. [PMID: 28486750 PMCID: PMC5537700 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is marked by an abundant stromal deposition. This stroma is suspected to harbor both tumor‐promoting and tumor‐suppressing properties. This is underscored by the disappointing results of stroma targeting in clinical studies. Given the complexity of tumor–stroma interaction in PDAC, there is a need to identify the stromal proteins that are predominantly tumor‐promoting. One possible candidate is SPOCK1 that we previously identified in a screening effort in PDAC. We extensively mined PDAC gene expression datasets, and used species‐specific transcript analysis in mixed‐species models for PDAC to study the patterns and driver mechanisms of SPOCK1 expression in PDAC. Advanced organotypic coculture models with primary patient‐derived tumor cells were used to further characterize the function of this protein. We found SPOCK1 expression to be predominantly stromal. Expression of SPOCK1 was associated with poor disease outcome. Coculture and ligand stimulation experiments revealed that SPOCK1 is expressed in response to tumor cell‐derived transforming growth factor‐beta. Functional assessment in cocultures demonstrated that SPOCK1 strongly affects the composition of the extracellular collagen matrix and by doing so, enables invasive tumor cell growth in PDAC. By defining the expression pattern and functional properties of SPOCK1 in pancreatic cancer, we have identified a stromal mediator of extracellular matrix remodeling that indirectly affects the aggressive behavior of PDAC cells. The recognition that stromal proteins actively contribute to the protumorigenic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment should aid the design of future clinical studies to target specific stromal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique L Veenstra
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Damhofer
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Jan P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Okato A, Arai T, Kojima S, Koshizuka K, Osako Y, Idichi T, Kurozumi A, Goto Y, Kato M, Naya Y, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Dual strands of pre-miR‑150 (miR‑150‑5p and miR‑150‑3p) act as antitumor miRNAs targeting SPOCK1 in naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:245-256. [PMID: 28534948 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of our microRNA (miRNA) expression signature in human cancers has shown that guide and passenger strands of pre-miR‑150, i.e., miR‑150‑5p and miR‑150‑3p, are significantly downregulated in cancer tissues. In miRNA biogenesis, the passenger strand of miRNA is degraded and is thought to have no functions. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of miR‑150‑5p and miR‑150‑3p in naïve prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Ectopic expression assays showed that both strands of miRNAs significantly suppressed cancer cell migration and invasion. Our strategies of miRNA target searching demonstrated that SPOCK1 (SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1) was directly regulated by miR‑150‑5p and miR‑150‑3p. Knockdown of SPOCK1 by siRNA inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness. Moreover, overexpression of SPOCK1 was observed in naïve PCa and CRPC tissues. Taken together, dual strands of pre-miR‑150 (miR‑150‑5p and miR‑150‑3p) acted as antitumor miRNAs in naïve PCa and CRPC cells. Expression of oncogenic SPOCK1 was involved in naïve PCa and CRPC pathogenesis. Novel approaches to analysis of antitumor miRNA-regulated RNA networks in cancer cells may provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of naïve PCa and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koshizuka
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusaku Osako
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Idichi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Zhao P, Guan HT, Dai ZJ, Ma YG, Liu XX, Wang XJ. Knockdown of SPOCK1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Suppressing the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 24:437-445. [PMID: 28281964 PMCID: PMC7838686 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14685034103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 1 (SPOCK1), known as testican-1, were found to be involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the expression pattern of SPOCK1 and its functional role remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we explored the role of SPOCK1 in CRC. Our results demonstrated that SPOCK1 is overexpressed in CRC cell lines. SPOCK1 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, SPOCK1 silencing significantly attenuated the migration/invasion by reversing the EMT process in CRC cells. Finally, knockdown of SPOCK1 obviously decreased the protein expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in HCT116 cells. In total, our study demonstrated for the first time that knockdown of SPOCK1 inhibits the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells, possibly through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, SPOCK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Mathematics Ability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40365. [PMID: 28155865 PMCID: PMC5290743 DOI: 10.1038/srep40365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematics ability is a complex cognitive trait with polygenic heritability. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been an effective approach to investigate genetic components underlying mathematic ability. Although previous studies reported several candidate genetic variants, none of them exceeded genome-wide significant threshold in general populations. Herein, we performed GWAS in Chinese elementary school students to identify potential genetic variants associated with mathematics ability. The discovery stage included 494 and 504 individuals from two independent cohorts respectively. The replication stage included another cohort of 599 individuals. In total, 28 of 81 candidate SNPs that met validation criteria were further replicated. Combined meta-analysis of three cohorts identified four SNPs (rs1012694, rs11743006, rs17778739 and rs17777541) of SPOCK1 gene showing association with mathematics ability (minimum p value 5.67 × 10−10, maximum β −2.43). The SPOCK1 gene is located on chromosome 5q31.2 and encodes a highly conserved glycoprotein testican-1 which was associated with tumor progression and prognosis as well as neurogenesis. This is the first study to report genome-wide significant association of individual SNPs with mathematics ability in general populations. Our preliminary results further supported the role of SPOCK1 during neurodevelopment. The genetic complexities underlying mathematics ability might contribute to explain the basis of human cognition and intelligence at genetic level.
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Cantelli G, Crosas-Molist E, Georgouli M, Sanz-Moreno V. TGFΒ-induced transcription in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 42:60-69. [PMID: 27586372 PMCID: PMC6137079 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway mediates a broad spectrum of cellular processes and is involved in several diseases, including cancer. TGFβ has a dual role in tumours, acting as a tumour suppressor in the early phase of tumorigenesis and as a tumour promoter in more advanced stages. In this review, we discuss the effects of TGFβ-driven transcription on all stages of tumour progression, with special focus on lung cancer. Since some TGFβ target genes are specifically involved in promoting metastasis, we speculate that these genes might be good targets to block tumour progression without compromising the tumour suppressor effects of the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cantelli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mirella Georgouli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Perurena N, Zandueta C, Martínez-Canarias S, Moreno H, Vicent S, Almeida AS, Guruceaga E, Gomis RR, Santisteban M, Egeblad M, Hermida J, Lecanda F. EPCR promotes breast cancer progression by altering SPOCK1/testican 1-mediated 3D growth. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:23. [PMID: 28103946 PMCID: PMC5248526 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activated protein C/endothelial protein C receptor (APC/EPCR) axis is physiologically involved in anticoagulant and cytoprotective activities in endothelial cells. Emerging evidence indicates that EPCR also plays a role in breast stemness and human tumorigenesis. Yet, its contribution to breast cancer progression and metastasis has not been elucidated. Methods Transcriptomic status of EPCR was examined in a cohort of 286 breast cancer patients. Cell growth kinetics was evaluated in control and EPCR and SPARC/osteonectin, Cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (SPOCK1/testican 1) silenced breast cancer cells in 2D, 3D, and in co-culture conditions. Orthotopic tumor growth and lung and osseous metastases were evaluated in several human and murine xenograft breast cancer models. Tumor-stroma interactions were further studied in vivo by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. An EPCR-induced gene signature was identified by microarray analysis. Results Analysis of a cohort of breast cancer patients revealed an association of high EPCR levels with adverse clinical outcome. Interestingly, EPCR knockdown did not affect cell growth kinetics in 2D but significantly reduced cell growth in 3D cultures. Using several human and murine xenograft breast cancer models, we showed that EPCR silencing reduced primary tumor growth and secondary outgrowths at metastatic sites, including the skeleton and the lungs. Interestingly, these effects were independent of APC ligand stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of EPCR-silenced tumors unveiled an effect mediated by matricellular secreted proteoglycan SPOCK1/testican 1. Interestingly, SPOCK1 silencing suppressed in vitro 3D growth. Moreover, SPOCK1 ablation severely decreased orthotopic tumor growth and reduced bone metastatic osteolytic tumors. High SPOCK1 levels were also associated with poor clinical outcome in a subset breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that EPCR through SPOCK1 confers a cell growth advantage in 3D promoting breast tumorigenesis and metastasis. Conclusions EPCR represents a clinically relevant factor associated with poor outcome and a novel vulnerability to develop combination therapies for breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0399-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Perurena
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Canarias
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana S Almeida
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Santisteban
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - José Hermida
- Cardiovascular Sciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Program Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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45
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Wan F, Zhu Y, Han C, Xu Q, Wu J, Dai B, Zhang H, Shi G, Gu W, Ye D. Identification and validation of an eight-gene expression signature for predicting high Fuhrman grade renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Han
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Canhelp Genomics Co. Ltd.; Hangzhou China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Gu
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zhi X, Shi S, Tao R, Chen P, Sun S, Bian L, Xu Z, Ma L. SPOCK1 is up-regulated and promotes tumor growth via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:870-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Viloria K, Munasinghe A, Asher S, Bogyere R, Jones L, Hill NJ. A holistic approach to dissecting SPARC family protein complexity reveals FSTL-1 as an inhibitor of pancreatic cancer cell growth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37839. [PMID: 27886258 PMCID: PMC5122892 DOI: 10.1038/srep37839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SPARC is a matricellular protein that is involved in both pancreatic cancer and diabetes. It belongs to a wider family of proteins that share structural and functional similarities. Relatively little is known about this extended family, but evidence of regulatory interactions suggests the importance of a holistic approach to their study. We show that Hevin, SPOCKs, and SMOCs are strongly expressed within islets, ducts, and blood vessels, suggesting important roles for these proteins in the normal pancreas, while FSTL-1 expression is localised to the stromal compartment reminiscent of SPARC. In direct contrast to SPARC, however, FSTL-1 expression is reduced in pancreatic cancer. Consistent with this, FSTL-1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. The complexity of SPARC family proteins is further revealed by the detection of multiple cell-type specific isoforms that arise due to a combination of post-translational modification and alternative splicing. Identification of splice variants lacking a signal peptide suggests the existence of novel intracellular isoforms. This study underlines the importance of addressing the complexity of the SPARC family and provides a new framework to explain their controversial and contradictory effects. We also demonstrate for the first time that FSTL-1 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Viloria
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
| | - Amanda Munasinghe
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
| | - Sharan Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
| | - Roberto Bogyere
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
| | - Lucy Jones
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
| | - Natasha J. Hill
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
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48
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Fan LC, Jeng YM, Lu YT, Lien HC. SPOCK1 Is a Novel Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Myoepithelial Marker That Enhances Invasion and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162933. [PMID: 27626636 PMCID: PMC5023187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to contraction, myoepithelia have diverse paracrine effects, including a tumor suppression effect. However, certain myoepithelial markers have been shown to contribute to tumor progression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts. We investigated whether TGF-β can upregulate potential myoepithelial markers, which may have functional and clinicopathological significance in breast cancer. We found that TGF-β induced SPOCK1 expression in MCF10A, MCF12A, and M10 breast cells and demonstrated SPOCK1 as a novel myoepithelial marker that was immunolocalized within or beneath myoepithelia lining ductolobular units. A functional study showed that overexpression of SPOCK1 enhanced invasiveness in mammary immortalized and cancer cells. To further determine the biological significance of SPOCK1 in breast cancer, we investigated the expression of SPOCK1 in 478 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases through immunohistochemistry and correlated the expression with clinicopathological characteristics. SPOCK1 expression was significantly correlated with high pathological tumor size (P = 0.012), high histological grade (P = 0.013), the triple-negative phenotype (P = 0.022), and the basal-like phenotype (P = 0.026) and was correlated with a significantly poorer overall survival on univariate analysis (P = 0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that SPOCK1 expression maintained an independent poor prognostic factor of overall survival. Analysis of SPOCK1 expression on various non-IDC carcinoma subtypes showed an enrichment of SPOCK1 expression in metaplastic carcinoma, which is pathogenetically closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, we identified SPOCK1 as a novel TGF-β–induced myoepithelial marker and further demonstrated that SPOCK1 enhanced invasion in breast cancer cells and correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer clinical samples. The enrichment of SPOCK1 expression in metaplastic carcinoma and the correlation between SPOCK1 expression and high histological grading and basal-like phenotypes in IDC evidence an association between SPOCK1 and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Fan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tong Lu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chun Lien
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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49
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Chen Q, Yao YT, Xu H, Chen YB, Gu M, Cai ZK, Wang Z. SPOCK1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in human prostate cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2311-21. [PMID: 27486308 PMCID: PMC4958368 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed noncutaneous cancer and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. Metastasis is the primary cause of prostate cancer mortality. Survival rate is only 28% for metastatic patients, but is nearly 100% for patients with localized prostate cancers. Molecular mechanisms that underlie this malignancy remain obscure, and this study investigated the role of SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domain proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) in prostate cancer progression. Initially, we found that SPOCK1 expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer tissues relative to noncancerous tissues. In particular, SPOCK1 expression was also markedly high in metastatic tissues compared with nonmetastatic cancerous tissues. SPOCK1 expression knockdown by specific short hairpin RNA in PC3 cells was significantly inhibited, whereas SPOCK1 overexpression in RWPE-1 cells promoted cell viability, colony formation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the SPOCK1 knockdown in PC3 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, while the SPOCK1 overexpression in RWPE-1 cells induced cell cycle arrest in S phase. The SPOCK1 knockdown in PC3 cells even increased cell apoptosis. SPOCK1 modulation was also observed to affect cancerous cell proliferation and apoptotic processes in the mouse model of prostate cancer. Additionally, the SPOCK1 knockdown decreased, whereas the SPOCK1 overexpression increased cell migration and invasion abilities in vitro. Injection of SPOCK1-depleted PC3 cells significantly decreased metastatic nodules in mouse lungs. These findings suggest that SPOCK1 is a critical mediator of tumor growth and metastasis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yuan-Ting Yao
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yan-Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Zhi-Kang Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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You HJ, Park HY, Kim J, Lee IH, Seol HJ, Lee JI, Kim ST, Kong DS, Nam DH. Integrative radiogenomic analysis for genomic signatures in glioblastomas presenting leptomeningeal dissemination. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4109. [PMID: 27399113 PMCID: PMC5058842 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. In particular, leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify tumor molecular phenotype, which has a great propensity to develop LMD. Between May 2004 and December 2012, a total of 145 GBM tumor samples were obtained from data registry. A total of 20 of the 145 patients with GBM were found to develop LMD. A specialized radiologist confirmed the diagnosis of LMD on magnetic resonance imaging. To clarify the genomic signatures in GBM with LMD, we performed integrative analysis of whole transcriptome sequencing and copy number alteration in the radiological features indicating LMD phenotypes in GBM. Eleven newly diagnosed patients with GBM with LMD had worse prognosis than those without LMD (median 5.55 vs. 12.94 months, P < 0.0001). Integrating analysis using gene expression based on the change of copy number revealed that SPOCK1, EHD2, SLC2A3, and ANXA11 were highly expressed with the gain of copy number, compared with the gene expression in the non-LMD group. In addition, it was demonstrated that NME2, TMEM100, and SIVA1 were downregulated with the loss of copy number. We also found that mesenchymal subtype accounted for 50% in LMD group, whereas mesenchymal subtype consisted of 29% in non-LMD group, even though there was no statistical significance (P = 0.06). Through this radiogenomic analysis, we suggested the possibility of finding candidate genes associated with LMD and highlighted the significance of integrating approach to clarify the molecular characteristics in LMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinkuk Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Doo-Sik Kong, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: , ); Do-Hyun Nam, Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: , )
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Doo-Sik Kong, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: , ); Do-Hyun Nam, Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: , )
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