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Cocea AC, Stoica CI. Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management-A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:537. [PMID: 38793119 PMCID: PMC11122505 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation during the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty is a critical aspect of patient outcomes, influencing both the pathophysiology of pain and the healing process. This narrative review comprehensively evaluates the roles of specific cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in this context and their implications for pain management. Inflammatory responses are initiated and propagated by cytokines, which are pivotal in the development of both acute and chronic postoperative pain. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play essential roles in up-regulating the inflammatory response, which, if not adequately controlled, leads to sustained pain and impaired tissue healing. Anti-inflammatory cytokines work to dampen inflammatory responses and promote resolution. Our discussion extends to the genetic and molecular influences on cytokine production, which influence pain perception and recovery rates post-surgery. Furthermore, the role of PAI-1 in modulating inflammation through its impact on the fibrinolytic system highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. The perioperative modulation of these cytokines through various analgesic and anesthetic techniques, including the fascia iliac compartment block, demonstrates a significant reduction in pain and inflammatory markers, thus underscoring the importance of targeted therapeutic strategies. Our analysis suggests that a nuanced understanding of the interplay between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is required. Future research should focus on individualized pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela-Codruta Cocea
- Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioan Stoica
- Orthopedics, Anaesthesia Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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2
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Li M, Song J, Tang X, Bi J, Li Y, Chen C, Feng N, Song Y, Wang L. Critical roles of PAI-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:90-102. [PMID: 38387409 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of fibrinolytic systems. The effect of PAI-1 on inflammatory response is still inconsistent. Our study was conducted to investigate its effects on inflammation to clarify the role of PAI-1 in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIAL AND METHODS ALI models were established in wild-type (WT) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice by LPS intervention for 48 h. Lung histopathology, wet-dry ratio, total cell count and TNF-α concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inflammation related proteins were detected. Flow cytometry was used to sort neutrophils, macrophages, regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17). RNA sequencing was performed to find differentially expressed genes. Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze pulmonary fiber deposition and proliferation. RESULTS Compared with ALI (WT) group, the wet-dry ratio, the total number of BALF cells, the concentration of TNF-α in BALF, and the expression of pp65 in the lung tissue was increased in ALI (PAI-1 KO) group, with increased proportion of neutrophils, decreased proportion of macrophages and decreased proportion of Treg/Th17 in the lung tissue. Collagen fiber deposition and PCNA expression were lighter in ALI (PAI-1 KO) group than ALI (WT) group. PPI analysis showed that PAI-1 was closely related to TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, Smad2/3 and mainly concentrated in the complement and coagulation system, TNF-α and IL-17 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 KO could aggravate ALI induced by LPS at 48 h. PAI-1 may be an important target to improve the prognosis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Centre of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Seillier C, Lesec L, Hélie P, Marie C, Vivien D, Docagne F, Le Mauff B, Toutirais O. Tissue-plasminogen activator effects on the phenotype of splenic myeloid cells in acute inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38355547 PMCID: PMC10865617 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease well known for its fibrinolytic function. Recent studies indicate that tPA could also modulate inflammation via plasmin generation and/or by receptor mediated signalling in vitro. However, the contribution of tPA in inflammatory processes in vivo has not been fully addressed. Therefore, using tPA-deficient mice, we have analysed the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the phenotype of myeloid cells including neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in spleen. We found that LPS treatment upregulated the frequency of major histocompatibility class two (MHCII+) macrophages but also, paradoxically, induced a deep downregulation of MHCII molecule level on macrophages and on conventional dendritic cells 2 (cDC2). Expression level of the CD11b integrin, known as a tPA receptor, was upregulated by LPS on MHCII+ macrophages and cDC2, suggesting that tPA effects could be amplified during inflammation. In tPA-/- mice under inflammatory conditions, expression of costimulatory CD86 molecules on MHCII+ macrophages was decreased compared to WT mice, while in steady state the expression of MHCII molecules was higher on macrophages. Finally, we reported that tPA deficiency slightly modified the phenotype of DCs and T cells in acute inflammatory conditions. Overall, our findings indicate that in vivo, LPS injection had an unexpectedly bimodal effect on MHCII expression on macrophages and DCs that consequently might affect adaptive immunity. tPA could also participate in the regulation of the T cell response by modulating the levels of CD86 and MHCII molecules on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Léonie Lesec
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Hélie
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Present address: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Marie
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- UAR 3408-US50 / Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques (CURB), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Present Address: INSERM, Département de L'information Scientifique Et de La Communication (DISC), 75654, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Brigitte Le Mauff
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, France.
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Bruno MEC, Mukherjee S, Sturgill JL, Cornea V, Yeh P, Hawk GS, Saito H, Starr ME. PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis and acute kidney injury in old age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1330433. [PMID: 38304613 PMCID: PMC10830627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1330433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our prior work demonstrated that PAI-1 in plasma is positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients and mice. The objective of this study was to determine if PAI-1 is causally related to AKI and worse sepsis outcomes using a clinically-relevant and age-appropriate murine model of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal slurry (CS)-injection to wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice at young (5-9 months) and old (18-22 months) age. Survival was monitored for at least 10 days or mice were euthanized for tissue collection at 24 or 48 h post-insult. Contrary to our expectation, PAI-1 KO mice at old age were significantly more sensitive to CS-induced sepsis compared to WT mice (24% vs. 65% survival, p = 0.0037). In comparison, loss of PAI-1 at young age had negligible effects on sepsis survival (86% vs. 88% survival, p = 0.8106) highlighting the importance of age as a biological variable. Injury to the kidney was the most apparent pathological consequence and occurred earlier in aged PAI-1 KO mice. Coagulation markers were unaffected by loss of PAI-1, suggesting thrombosis-independent mechanisms for PAI-1-mediated protection. In summary, although high PAI-1 levels are clinically associated with worse sepsis outcomes, loss of PAI-1 rendered mice more susceptible to kidney injury and death in a CS-induced model of sepsis using aged mice. These results implicate PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. C. Bruno
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Virgilius Cornea
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Peng Yeh
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Jiang S, Wang Y, Chen L, Mu H, Meaney C, Fan Y, Pillay J, Wang H, Zhang J, Pan S, Gao C. PAI-1 genetic polymorphisms influence septic patients' outcomes by regulating neutrophil activity. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1959-1966. [PMID: 37439338 PMCID: PMC10431590 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains debatable. In this study, we investigated the associations among the serum levels of PAI-1, the incidence of 4G/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, immunological indicators, and clinical outcomes in septic patients. METHODS A total of 181 patients aged 18-80 years with sepsis between November 2016 and August 2018 in the intensive care unit in the Xinhua Hospital were recruited in this retrospective study, with 28-day mortality as the primary outcome. The initial serum level of PAI-1 and the presence of rs1799768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with different genotypes of PAI-1, serum level of PAI-1, and 28-day mortality. RESULTS The logistic analysis suggested that a high serum level of PAI-1 was associated with the rs1799768 SNP of PAI-1 (4G/4G and 4G/5G) (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 5.68). Furthermore, a high serum level of PAI-1 strongly influenced 28-day mortality (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.51, 7.49). The expression and activation of neutrophils (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), as well as the changes in the expression patterns of cytokines and chemokine-associated neutrophils (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00), were both regulated by the genotype of PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of PAI-1 can influence the serum levels of PAI-1, which might contribute to mortality by affecting neutrophil activity. Thus, patients with severe sepsis might clinically benefit from enhanced neutrophil clearance and the resolution of inflammation via the regulation of PAI-1 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Honghua Mu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Connor Meaney
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology Medicine Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengjin Gao
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Fu Y, Xue H, Wang T, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Fibrinolytic system and COVID-19: From an innovative view of epithelial ion transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114863. [PMID: 37172333 PMCID: PMC10169260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifeways of worldwide people have changed dramatically amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and public health is at stake currently. In the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, fibrinolytic system is mostly inhibited, which is responsible for the development of hypofibrinolysis, promoting disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyaline membrane formation, and pulmonary edema. Whereas the common feature and risk factor at advanced stage is a large amount of fibrin degradation products, including D-dimer, the characteristic of hyperfibrinolysis. Plasmin can cleave both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and γ subunit of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a critical element to edematous fluid clearance. In this review, we aim to sort out the role of fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, as well as provide the possible guidance in current treating methods. In addition, the abnormal regulation of ENaC in the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 mediated hypofibrinolysis and hyperfibrinolysis are summarized, with the view of proposing an innovative view of epithelial ion transport in preventing the dysfunction of fibrinolytic system during the progress of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is not a major causative factor for exacerbation in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3103. [PMID: 36813909 PMCID: PMC9944779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a global pandemic. Although several vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins protect against COVID-19 infection, mutations affecting virus transmissibility and immune evasion potential have reduced their efficacy, leading to the need for a more efficient strategy. Available clinical evidence regarding COVID-19 suggests that endothelial dysfunction with thrombosis is a central pathogenesis of progression to systemic disease, in which overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may be important. Here we developed a novel peptide vaccine against PAI-1 and evaluated its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Administration of LPS and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 increased serum PAI-1 levels, although the latter showed smaller levels. In an LPS-induced sepsis model, mice immunized with PAI-1 vaccine showed reduced organ damage and microvascular thrombosis and improved survival compared with vehicle-treated mice. In plasma clot lysis assays, vaccination-induced serum IgG antibodies were fibrinolytic. However, in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model, survival and symptom severity (i.e., body weight reduction) did not differ between vaccine- and vehicle-treated groups. These results indicate that although PAI-1 may promote the severity of sepsis by increasing thrombus formation, it might not be a major contributor to COVID-19 exacerbation.
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Tanaka K, Harada H, Kamuro H, Sakai H, Yamamoto A, Tomimatsu M, Ikeda A, Chosokabe R, Tanaka S, Okada Y, Fujio Y, Obana M. Arid5a/IL-6/PAI-1 Signaling Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Kidney Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1753-1760. [PMID: 38044094 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A systemic inflammatory response leads to widespread organ dysfunction, such as kidney dysfunction. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney injury; however, the regulatory mechanism of PAI-1 in injured kidneys remains unclear. PAI-1 is induced by interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with sepsis. In addition, the stabilization of IL-6 is regulated by the adenine-thymine-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the involvement of Arid5a/IL-6/PAI-1 signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory kidney injury. LPS treatment to C57BL/6J mice upregulated Pai-1 mRNA in the kidneys. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that PAI-1 expression was induced in the culture supernatants of LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but not in those of LPS-treated human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells, a tubular cell line. Combined with single-cell analysis, endothelial cells were found to be responsible for PAI-1 elevation in LPS-treated kidneys. Administration of TM5441, a PAI-1 inhibitor, reduced the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, concomitant with downregulation of Il-6 and Arid5a mRNA expressions. IL-6 treatment in LPS model mice further upregulated Pai-1 mRNA expression compared with LPS alone, accompanied by renal impairment. Furthermore, the expression of Il-6 and Pai-1 mRNA was lower in Arid5a knockout mice than in wild-type mice after LPS treatment. Taken together, the vicious cycle of Arid5a/IL-6/PAI-1 signaling is involved in LPS-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hiroki Harada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hiroyasu Kamuro
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hibiki Sakai
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Ayaha Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Masashi Tomimatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Renya Chosokabe
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics (MEI), Osaka University
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University
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9
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Barati N, Motavallihaghi S, Nikfar B, Chaichian S, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Potential therapeutic effects of Ivermectin in COVID-19. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1388-1396. [PMID: 35686662 PMCID: PMC9442455 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221099579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a critical pandemic that affected communities around the world, and there is currently no specific drug treatment for it. The virus enters the human cells via spikes and induces cytokine production and finally arrests the cell cycle. Ivermectin shows therapeutic potential for treating COVID-19 infection based on in vitro studies. Docking studies have shown a strong affinity between Ivermectin and some virulence factors of COVID-19. Notably, clinical evidence has demonstrated that Ivermectin with usual doses is effective by both the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches in all phases of the disease. Ivermectin inhibits both the adhesion and replication of the virus. Local therapy of the lung with Ivermectin or combination therapy may get better results and decrease the dose of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Barati
- Research Center For Molecular
Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 9174223425,
Iran,Medicinal Plants and Natural
Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan
9174223425, Iran
| | | | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally
Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran 1415944911, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally
Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran 1415944911, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Department of Medical
Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad 8167994434, Iran,Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni.
Emails: ;
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10
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Huang P, Zuo Q, Li Y, Oduro PK, Tan F, Wang Y, Liu X, Li J, Wang Q, Guo F, Li Y, Yang L. A Vicious Cycle: In Severe and Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930673. [PMID: 35784318 PMCID: PMC9240200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is one of the fastest-evolving viral diseases that has instigated a worldwide pandemic. Severe inflammatory syndrome and venous thrombosis are commonly noted in COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illness, contributing to the poor prognosis. Interleukin (IL)-6, a major complex inflammatory cytokine, is an independent factor in predicting the severity of COVID-19 disease in patients. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α participate in COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, causing endothelial cell damage and upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. In addition, IL-6 and PAI-1 form a vicious cycle of inflammation and thrombosis, which may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19. Targeted inhibition of IL-6 and PAI-1 signal transduction appears to improve treatment outcomes in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients suffering from cytokine storms and venous thrombosis. Motivated by studies highlighting the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis in viral immunology, we provide an overview of the immunothrombosis and immunoinflammation vicious loop between IL-6 and PAI-1. Our goal is that understanding this ferocious circle will benefit critically ill patients with COVID-19 worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingwei Zuo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Department of Clinical Training and Teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxian Tan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Department of Clinical Training and Teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Guo, ; Yue Li, ; Long Yang,
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Guo, ; Yue Li, ; Long Yang,
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Guo, ; Yue Li, ; Long Yang,
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11
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Badran M, Gozal D. PAI-1: A Major Player in the Vascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5516. [PMID: 35628326 PMCID: PMC9141273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic and prevalent condition that is associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and imposes excess overall cardiovascular risk and mortality. Despite its high prevalence and the susceptibility of CVD patients to OSA-mediated stressors, OSA is still under-recognized and untreated in cardiovascular practice. Moreover, conventional OSA treatments have yielded either controversial or disappointing results in terms of protection against CVD, prompting the need for the identification of additional mechanisms and associated adjuvant therapies. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a key regulator of fibrinolysis and cell migration. Indeed, elevated PAI-1 expression is associated with major cardiovascular adverse events that have been attributed to its antifibrinolytic activity. However, extensive evidence indicates that PAI-1 can induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis through complex interactions within the vasculature in an antifibrinolytic-independent matter. Elevated PAI-1 levels have been reported in OSA patients. However, the impact of PAI-1 on OSA-induced CVD has not been addressed to date. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which OSA and its most detrimental perturbation, intermittent hypoxia (IH), can enhance the transcription of PAI-1. We also propose causal pathways by which PAI-1 can promote atherosclerosis in OSA, thereby identifying PAI-1 as a potential therapeutic target in OSA-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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12
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Yaker L, Tebani A, Lesueur C, Dias C, Jung V, Bekri S, Guerrera IC, Kamel S, Ausseil J, Boullier A. Extracellular Vesicles From LPS-Treated Macrophages Aggravate Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification by Propagating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823450. [PMID: 35356285 PMCID: PMC8959646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a cardiovascular complication associated with a high mortality rate among patients with diseases such as atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. During VC, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo an osteogenic switch and secrete a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent studies have shown involvement of EVs in the inflammation and oxidative stress observed in VC. We aimed to decipher the role and mechanism of action of macrophage-derived EVs in the propagation of inflammation and oxidative stress on VSMCs during VC. Methods: The macrophage murine cell line RAW 264.7 treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS-EK) was used as a cellular model for inflammatory and oxidative stress. EVs secreted by these macrophages were collected by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the analysis of acetylcholinesterase activity, as well as that of CD9 and CD81 protein expression by western blotting. These EVs were added to a murine VSMC cell line (MOVAS-1) under calcifying conditions (4 mM Pi—7 or 14 days) and calcification assessed by the o-cresolphthalein calcium assay. EV protein content was analyzed in a proteomic study and EV cytokine content assessed using an MSD multiplex immunoassay. Results: LPS-EK significantly decreased macrophage EV biogenesis. A 24-h treatment of VSMCs with these EVs induced both inflammatory and oxidative responses. LPS-EK-treated macrophage-derived EVs were enriched for pro-inflammatory cytokines and CAD, PAI-1, and Saa3 proteins, three molecules involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and VC. Under calcifying conditions, these EVs significantly increase the calcification of VSMCs by increasing osteogenic markers and decreasing contractile marker expression. Conclusion: Our results show that EVs derived from LPS-EK–treated-macrophages are able to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative responses in surrounding cells, such as VSMCs, thus aggravating the VC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yaker
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Chloé Dias
- Infinity, INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Jung
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Proteomic Platform Necker, University of Paris—Federative Research Structure Necker, Paris, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Proteomic Platform Necker, University of Paris—Federative Research Structure Necker, Paris, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Infinity, INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- *Correspondence: Agnès Boullier,
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13
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Bruno ME, Mukherjee S, Stromberg AJ, Saito H, Starr ME. Visceral fat-specific regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in aged septic mice. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:706-719. [PMID: 34369600 PMCID: PMC8810697 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our previous work demonstrated that visceral adipose tissues (VAT) are a major source of PAI-1, especially in the aged (murine endotoxemia), that circulating PAI-1 protein levels match the trajectory of PAI-1 transcript levels in VAT (clinical sepsis), and that PAI-1 in both VAT and plasma are positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients. In the current study utilizing preclinical sepsis models, PAI-1 tissue distribution was examined and cellular sources, as well as mechanisms mediating PAI-1 induction in VAT, were identified. In aged mice with sepsis, PAI-1 gene expression was significantly higher in VAT than in other major organs. VAT PAI-1 gene expression correlated with PAI-1 protein levels in both VAT and plasma. Moreover, VAT and plasma levels of PAI-1 were positively associated with AKI markers, modeling our previous clinical data. Using explant cultures of VAT, we determined that PAI-1 is secreted robustly in response to recombinant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment; however, neutralization was effective only for TNFα indicating that TGFβ is not an endogenous modulator of PAI-1. Within VAT, TNFα was localized to neutrophils and macrophages. PAI-1 protein levels were fourfold higher in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells compared with mature adipocytes, and among SVF cells, both immune and nonimmune compartments expressed PAI-1 in a similar fashion. PAI-1 was localized predominantly to macrophages within the immune compartment and preadipocytes and endothelial cells within the nonimmune compartment. Collectively, these results indicate that induction and secretion of PAI-1 from VAT is facilitated by a complex interaction among immune and nonimmune cells. As circulating PAI-1 contributes to AKI in sepsis, understanding PAI-1 regulation in VAT could yield novel strategies for reducing systemic consequences of PAI-1 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E.C. Bruno
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Arnold J. Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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14
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Low ZY, Yip AJW, Lal SK. Repositioning Ivermectin for Covid-19 treatment: Molecular mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2 replication. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166294. [PMID: 34687900 PMCID: PMC8526435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is an FDA approved macrocyclic lactone compound traditionally used to treat parasitic infestations and has shown to have antiviral potential from previous in-vitro studies. Currently, IVM is commercially available as a veterinary drug but have also been applied in humans to treat onchocerciasis (river blindness - a parasitic worm infection) and strongyloidiasis (a roundworm/nematode infection). In light of the recent pandemic, the repurposing of IVM to combat SARS-CoV-2 has acquired significant attention. Recently, IVM has been proven effective in numerous in-silico and molecular biology experiments against the infection in mammalian cells and human cohort studies. One promising study had reported a marked reduction of 93% of released virion and 99.98% unreleased virion levels upon administration of IVM to Vero-hSLAM cells. IVM's mode of action centres around the inhibition of the cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of viral proteins by disrupting the Importin heterodimer complex (IMPα/β1) and downregulating STAT3, thereby effectively reducing the cytokine storm. Furthermore, the ability of IVM to block the active sites of viral 3CLpro and S protein, disrupts important machinery such as viral replication and attachment. This review compiles all the molecular evidence to date, in review of the antiviral characteristics exhibited by IVM. Thereafter, we discuss IVM's mechanism and highlight the clinical advantages that could potentially contribute towards disabling the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, the collective review of recent efforts suggests that IVM has a prophylactic effect and would be a strong candidate for clinical trials to treat SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil K Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Sunway Campus, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
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15
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Low ZY, Wen Yip AJ, Chow VTK, Lal SK. The Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling family of proteins and their potential impact on COVID-19 disease progression. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2300. [PMID: 34546610 PMCID: PMC8646547 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The family of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) proteins plays pivotal roles in cytokine and immune regulation. Despite their key roles, little attention has been given to the SOCS family as compared to other feedback regulators. To date, SOCS proteins have been found to be exploited by viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV, just to name a few. The hijacking and subsequent upregulation of the SOCS proteins upon viral infection, suppress the associated JAK-STAT signalling activities, thereby reducing the host antiviral response and promoting viral replication. Two SOCS protein family members, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are well-studied and their roles in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway are defined as attenuating interferon (IFN) signalling upon viral infection. The upregulation of SOCS protein by SARS-CoV during the early stages of infection implies strong similarity with SARS-CoV-2, given their closely related genomic organisation. Thus, this review aims to outline the plausibility of SOCS protein inhibitors as a potential therapeutic regimen for COVID-19 patients. We also discuss the antagonists against SOCS protein to offer an overview on the previous 'successes' of SOCS protein inhibition in various viral infections that may portray possible clues for COVID-19 disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Vincent T K Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil K Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Katko M, Galgoczi E, Erdei A, Gazdag A, Berta E, Bodor M, Seres I, Hircsu I, Badics A, Ujhelyi B, Sira L, Bhattoa HP, Nagy EV. The 4G/5G Polymorphism of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 is a Predictor of Moderate-to-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1883-1890. [PMID: 34012286 PMCID: PMC8126970 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease of the orbits. Once developed, complete cure is rare. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) contributes to remodeling of connective tissue and has a central role in the pathogenesis of TED. We aimed to test if the 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 is a predictor of the development of moderate-to-severe TED. Methods A total of 185 patients with Graves’ disease, 87 of them with TED, 98 without TED, as well as 201 healthy controls, were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. The 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene was analyzed by allele-specific PCR, and the distribution of genotypes was calculated in each group. Plasma PAI-1 and thyroid hormone levels were measured by ELISA and ECLIA, respectively. Results The 4G/4G genotype was associated with the development of moderate-to-severe TED (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.26–5.14; p < 0.01). The 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 was not a predictor of plasma PAI-1 levels. Conclusion The 4G/4G genotype of PAI-1 is a risk factor for the development of moderate-to-severe TED. Patients with Graves’ disease who harbor this genotype may be candidates for special attention towards the development of TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Katko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Galgoczi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Erdei
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Gazdag
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Berta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklos Bodor
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Hircsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Badics
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Livia Sira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hngary
| | - Endre V Nagy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Interplay of Opposing Effects of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPARγ and Implications for SARS-CoV2 Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666693. [PMID: 33927728 PMCID: PMC8076593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has quickly reached pandemic proportions. Cytokine profiles observed in COVID-19 patients have revealed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased NF-κB pathway activity. Recent evidence has shown that the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with inflammation, resulting in a cytokine storm in ARDS (acute respire distress syndrome) and especially in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have shown that the WNT/β-catenin pathway interacts with PPARγ in an opposing interplay in numerous diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the interesting role of PPARγ agonists as modulators of inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs through the targeting of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV2 infection presents a decrease in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) associated with the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. SARS-Cov2 may invade human organs besides the lungs through the expression of ACE2. Evidence has highlighted the fact that PPARγ agonists can increase ACE2 expression, suggesting a possible role for PPARγ agonists in the treatment of COVID-19. This review therefore focuses on the opposing interplay between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in SARS-CoV2 infection and the potential beneficial role of PPARγ agonists in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- University Hospital Center (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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18
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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19
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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20
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Embelin ameliorated sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation intensities by simultaneously suppressing inflammation and thrombosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Lin H, Xu L, Yu S, Hong W, Huang M, Xu P. Therapeutics targeting the fibrinolytic system. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:367-379. [PMID: 32152451 PMCID: PMC7156416 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the fibrinolytic system was first identified to dissolve fibrin to maintain vascular patency. Connections between the fibrinolytic system and many other physiological and pathological processes have been well established. Dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system is closely associated with multiple pathological conditions, including thrombosis, inflammation, cancer progression, and neuropathies. Thus, molecules in the fibrinolytic system are potent therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review summarizes the currently used agents targeting this system and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in experimental studies. Future directions for the development of modulators of the fibrinolytic system are also discussed. The fibrinolytic system was originally identified to dissolve blood clots, and is shown to have important roles in other pathological processes, including cancer progression, inflammation, and thrombosis. Molecules or therapeutics targeting fibrinolytic system have been successfully used in the clinical treatments of cancer and thrombotic diseases. The clinical studies and experimental models targeting fibrinolytic system are reviewed by Haili Lin at Sanming First Hosipital, Mingdong Huang at Fuzhou University in China, and Peng Xu at A*STAR in Singapore to demonstrate fibrinolytic system as novel therapeutic targets. As an example, the inhibition of fibrinolytic system protein can be used to suppress cancer prolifieration and metastasis. This review also discusses the potential therapeutic effects of inhibitiors of fibrinolytic system on inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, 365000, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, 365000, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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22
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Zhu C, Jiang L, Xu J, Ren A, Ju F, Shu Y. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator and inhibitors in resectable lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152885. [PMID: 32113794 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer in many aspects. Previous studies demonstrated that the conclusions about the prognosis value of uPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) in lung cancer are controversial, so this study was performed for the exploration of the predictive effect of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 on the overall survival (OS) of resectable pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression levels were assayed by immunohistochemical staining based on tissue microarray (TMA) that is composed of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 84 resectable lung adenocarcinoma patients from July 2004 to June 2009. The relationship of IHC, mRNA expression levels of three molecules were investigated respectively. The three molecules' relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and OS was explored by Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze differential gene expressions of RNA-sequencing data of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and normal tissues, and Kaplan-Meier methods were adopted to confirm the prognostic value of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 in resectable lung adenocarcinoma in TCGA database and the R package MethylMix was used to conduct an analysis integrating methylation data and gene expression of RNA-sequencing data based on TCGA. RESULTS UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 had much higher IHC expression levels in tumor than those in the normal tissues (uPA, Z = -10.511; PAI-1, Z = -4.836; PAI-2, Z = -6.794; all P < 0.0001). High DNA methylation level of gene uPA resulted in the decrease of its expression. In addition, expression level of PAI-2 was positively associated with tumor size (χ2 = 8.372, P = 0.004). Multivariate analyses showed TNM stage III was an independent adverse prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 3.736, 95 % confidence interval = 1.097-12.72, P = 0.035). Kaplan-Meier method revealed that uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression levels were not related to the OS for 84 resectable lung adenocarcinoma patients. According to TCGA data, PAI-1 expression level was identified as a potential adverse predictor for prognosis of resectable lung adenocarcinoma (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that, the expression levels of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are significantly up-regulated in resectable lung adenocarcinoma. Besides, this study highlights PAI-1 as a latent adverse prognostic factor in resectable adenocarcinoma of lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Anjing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Ju
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, #29 Yudao Road, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Abstract
The paradoxical pro-tumorigenic function of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, aka Serpin E1) in cancer progression and metastasis has been the subject of an abundant scientific literature that has pointed to a pro-angiogenic role, a growth and migration stimulatory function, and an anti-apoptotic activity, all directed toward promoting tumor growth, cancer cell survival, and metastasis. With uPA, PAI-1 is among the most reliable biomarkers and prognosticators in many cancer types. More recently, a novel pro-tumorigenic function of PAI-1 in cancer-related inflammation has been demonstrated. These multifaceted activities of PAI-1 in cancer progression are explained by the complex structure of PAI-1 and its multiple functions that go beyond its anti-fibrinolytic and anti-plasminogen activation activities. However, despite the multiple evidences supporting a pro-tumorigenic role of PAI-1 in cancer, and the development of several inhibitors, targeting PAI-1, has remained elusive. In this article, the various mechanisms responsible for the pro-tumorigenic functions of PAI-1 are reviewed with emphasis on its more recently described contribution to cancer inflammation. The challenges of targeting PAI-1 in cancer therapy are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Helena Kubala
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Yves Albert DeClerck
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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24
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Freeberg MAT, Easa A, Lillis JA, Benoit DS, van Wijnen AJ, Awad HA. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cellular Pathways in Healing Flexor Tendons of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/Serpine1) Null Mice. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:43-58. [PMID: 31424116 PMCID: PMC7364818 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to flexor tendons can be complicated by fibrotic adhesions, which severely impair the function of the hand. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/SERPINE1), a master suppressor of fibrinolysis and protease activity, is associated with adhesions. Here, we used next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to assess genome-wide differences in messenger RNA expression due to PAI-1 deficiency after zone II flexor tendon injury. We used the ingenuity pathway analysis to characterize molecular pathways and biological drivers associated with differentially expressed genes (DEG). Analysis of hundreds of overlapping and DEG in PAI-1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (C57Bl/6J) during tendon healing revealed common and distinct biological processes. Pathway analysis identified cell proliferation, survival, and senescence, as well as chronic inflammation as potential drivers of fibrotic healing and adhesions in injured tendons. Importantly, we identified the activation of PTEN signaling and the inhibition of FOXO1-associated biological processes as unique transcriptional signatures of the healing tendon in the PAI-1/Serpine1 KO mice. Further, transcriptomic differences due to the genetic deletion of PAI-1 were mechanistically linked to PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PKC, and MAPK signaling cascades. These transcriptional observations provide novel insights into the biological roles of PAI-1 in tendon healing and could identify therapeutic targets to achieve scar-free regenerative healing of tendons. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:43-58, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. T. Freeberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anas Easa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Lillis
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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25
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Streeter KA, Sunshine MD, Brant JO, Sandoval AGW, Maden M, Fuller DD. Molecular and histologic outcomes following spinal cord injury in spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1535-1547. [PMID: 31820438 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) appears to be unique among mammals by showing little scarring or fibrosis after skin or muscle injury, but the Acomys response to spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Acomys would have molecular and immunohistochemical evidence of reduced spinal inflammation and fibrosis following SCI as compared to C57BL/6 mice (Mus), which similar to all mammals studied to date exhibits spinal scarring following SCI. Initial experiments used two pathway-focused RT-PCR gene arrays ("wound healing" and "neurogenesis") to evaluate tissue samples from the C2-C6 spinal cord 3 days after a C3/C4 hemi-crush injury (C3Hc). Based on the gene array results, specific genes were selected for RT-qPCR evaluation using species-specific primers. The results supported our hypothesis by showing increased inflammation and fibrosis related gene expression (Serpine 1, Plau, and Timp1) in Mus as compared to Acomys (p < .05). RT-qPCR also showed enhanced stem cell and axonal guidance related gene expression (Bmp2, GDNF, and Shh) in Acomys compared to Mus (p < .05). Immunohistochemical evaluation of the spinal lesion at 4 weeks postinjury indicated less collagen IV immunostaining in Acomys (p < .05). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(IBA1) immunostaining indicated morphological differences in the appearance of astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in Acomys. Collectively, the molecular and histologic results support the hypothesis that Acomys has reduced spinal inflammation and fibrosis following SCI. We suggest that Acomys may be a useful comparative model to study adaptive responses to SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi A Streeter
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael D Sunshine
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jason O Brant
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Malcolm Maden
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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26
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Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Kriaa A, Abraham AL, Jablaoui A, Soussou S, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine protease inhibitors and human wellbeing interplay: new insights for old friends. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7224. [PMID: 31531264 PMCID: PMC6718151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) control tightly regulated physiological processes and their dysfunction is associated to various diseases. Thus, increasing interest is given to these proteins as new therapeutic targets. Several studies provided functional and structural data about human serpins. By comparison, only little knowledge regarding bacterial serpins exists. Through the emergence of metagenomic studies, many bacterial serpins were identified from numerous ecological niches including the human gut microbiota. The origin, distribution and function of these proteins remain to be established. In this report, we shed light on the key role of human and bacterial serpins in health and disease. Moreover, we analyze their function, phylogeny and ecological distribution. This review highlights the potential use of bacterial serpins to set out new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Amin Jablaoui
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Souha Soussou
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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27
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Challenges of using lipopolysaccharides for cancer immunotherapy and potential delivery-based solutions thereto. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:165-187. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the earliest Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based cancer immunotherapeutics discovered and investigated, the full extent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentials within this arena remains hitherto unexploited. In this review, we will debate the challenges that have complicated the improvement of LPS-based immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Based on their nature, those will be discussed with a focus on side effect-related, tolerance-related and in vivo model-related challenges. We will then explore how drug delivery strategies can be integrated within this domain to address such challenges in order to improve the therapeutic outcome, and will present a summary of the studies that have been dedicated thereto. This paper may inspire further developments based on reconciling the advantages of drug delivery and LPS-based cancer immunotherapy.
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28
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Velloso FJ, Campos AR, Sogayar MC, Correa RG. Proteome profiling of triple negative breast cancer cells overexpressing NOD1 and NOD2 receptors unveils molecular signatures of malignant cell proliferation. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:152. [PMID: 30791886 PMCID: PMC6385390 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignancy with very poor prognosis, due to its aggressive clinical characteristics and lack of response to receptor-targeted drug therapy. In TNBC, immune-related pathways are typically upregulated and may be associated with a better prognosis of the disease, encouraging the pursuit for immunotherapeutic options. A number of immune-related molecules have already been associated to the onset and progression of breast cancer, including NOD1 and NOD2, innate immune receptors of bacterial-derived components which activate pro-inflammatory and survival pathways. In the context of TNBC, overexpression of either NOD1or NOD2 is shown to reduce cell proliferation and increase clonogenic potential in vitro. To further investigate the pathways linking NOD1 and NOD2 signaling to tumorigenesis in TNBC, we undertook a global proteome profiling of TNBC-derived cells ectopically expressing each one of these NOD receptors. Results We have identified a total of 95 and 58 differentially regulated proteins in NOD1- and NOD2-overexpressing cells, respectively. We used bioinformatics analyses to identify enriched molecular signatures aiming to integrate the differentially regulated proteins into functional networks. These analyses suggest that overexpression of both NOD1 and NOD2 may disrupt immune-related pathways, particularly NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. Moreover, overexpression of either of these receptors may affect several stress response and protein degradation systems, such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome complex. Interestingly, the levels of several proteins associated to cellular adhesion and migration were also affected in these NOD-overexpressing cells. Conclusions Our proteomic analyses shed new light on the molecular pathways that may be modulating tumorigenesis via NOD1 and NOD2 signaling in TNBC. Up- and downregulation of several proteins associated to inflammation and stress response pathways may promote activation of protein degradation systems, as well as modulate cell-cycle and cellular adhesion proteins. Altogether, these signals seem to be modulating cellular proliferation and migration via NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Further investigation of altered proteins in these pathways may provide more insights on relevant targets, possibly enabling the immunomodulation of tumorigenesis in the aggressive TNBC phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5523-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Velloso
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Campos
- SBP Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- SBP Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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29
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Longo CM, Higgins PJ. Molecular biomarkers of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 106:1-6. [PMID: 30414981 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), a complication of Graves' disease (GD), is typified by orbital inflammation, ocular tissue expansion and remodeling and, ultimately, fibrosis. Orbital fibroblasts are key effectors of GO pathogenesis exhibiting exaggerated inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses to cytokines released by infiltrating immune cells. Activated orbital fibroblasts also produce inflammatory mediators that contribute to disease progression, facilitate the orbital trafficking of monocytes and macrophages, promote differentiation of matrix-producing myofibroblasts and stimulate accumulation of a hyaluronan-rich stroma, which leads to orbital tissue edema and fibrosis. Proteomic and transcriptome profiling of the genomic response of ocular and non-ocular fibroblasts to INF-γ and TGF-β1 focused on identification of translationally-relevant therapeutic candidates. Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, SERPINE1), a clade E member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) gene family and a prominent regulator of the pericellular proteolytic microenvironment, was one of the most highly up-regulated proteins in INF-γ- or TGF-β1-stimulated GO fibroblasts as well as in severe active GD compared to patients without thyroid disease. PAI-1 has multifunctional roles in inflammatory and fibrotic processes that impact tissue remodeling, immune cell trafficking and survival as well as signaling through several receptor systems. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of the GO fibroblast and possible targets for effective drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, United States.
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30
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Moreno R, Fajardo CA, Farrera-Sal M, Perisé-Barrios AJ, Morales-Molina A, Al-Zaher AA, García-Castro J, Alemany R. Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenovirus-loaded Menstrual Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:127-138. [PMID: 30322950 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of using human oncolytic adenovirus (OAdv)-loaded mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for cancer treatment. For example, we have described the antitumor efficacy of CELYVIR, autologous bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells infected with the OAdv ICOVIR-5, for treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. Results from this clinical trial point out the role of the immune system in the clinical outcome. In this context, a better understanding of the immunophenotypic changes of human MSCs upon adenoviral infection and how these changes affect human autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could guide strategies to improve the antitumor efficacy of infected MSCs. In this work, we show how infection by an OAdv induces toll-like receptor 9 overexpression and activation of the NFĸB pathway in menstrual blood-derived MSCs, leading to a specific cytokine secretion profile. Moreover, a proinflammatory environment, mainly mediated by monocyte activation that leads to the activation of both T cells and natural killer cells (NK cell), is generated when OAdv-loaded MSCs are cocultured with allogeneic PBMCs. This combination of allogeneic PBMCs and OAdv-loaded MSCs enhances antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, an effect partially mediated by monocytes and NK cells. Altogether our results demonstrate not only the importance of the immune system for the OAdv-loaded MSCs antitumor efficacy, but in particular the benefits of using allogeneic MSCs for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Farrera-Sal
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- VCN Biosciences S.L., Grifols Corporate Offices, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Morales-Molina
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al-Zaher
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Shimoide T, Kawao N, Tamura Y, Okada K, Horiuchi Y, Okumoto K, Kurashimo S, Ishida M, Tatsumi K, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Role of Macrophages and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Delayed Bone Repair in Diabetic Female Mice. Endocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29534207 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Delayed fracture healing is a clinical problem in diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms of diabetic delayed bone repair remain unknown. Here, we investigate the role of macrophages in diabetic delayed bone repair after femoral bone injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient female mice. STZ treatment significantly decreased the numbers of F4/80-positive cells (macrophages) but not granulocyte-differentiation antigen-1-positive cells (neutrophils) at the damaged site on day 2 after femoral bone injury in mice. It significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and CD206 at the damaged site on day 2 after bone injury. Moreover, STZ treatment attenuated a decrease in the number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow induced by bone injury. On the other hand, PAI-1 deficiency significantly attenuated a decrease in the number of F4/80-positive cells induced by STZ treatment at the damaged site on day 2 after bone injury in mice. PAI-1 deficiency did not affect the mRNA levels of iNOS and IL-6 in F4/80- and CD11b-double-positive cells from the bone marrow of the damaged femurs decreased by diabetes in mice. PAI-1 deficiency significantly attenuated the phagocytosis of macrophages at the damaged site suppressed by diabetes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that type 1 diabetes decreases accumulation and phagocytosis of macrophages at the damaged site during early bone repair after femoral bone injury through PAI-1 in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimoide
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | | | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kurashimo
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Han J, Kim YS, Lim MY, Kim HY, Kong S, Kang M, Choo YW, Jun JH, Ryu S, Jeong HY, Park J, Jeong GJ, Lee JC, Eom GH, Ahn Y, Kim BS. Dual Roles of Graphene Oxide To Attenuate Inflammation and Elicit Timely Polarization of Macrophage Phenotypes for Cardiac Repair. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1959-1977. [PMID: 29397689 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of localized inflammatory environments by M1 macrophages in the cardiac infarction region exacerbates heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, the regulation of inflammation by M1 macrophages and their timely polarization toward regenerative M2 macrophages suggest an immunotherapy. Particularly, controlling cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause M1 differentiation, and developing M2 macrophage phenotypes in macrophages propose a therapeutic approach. Previously, stem or dendritic cells were used in MI for their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potentials and showed inflammation modulation and M2 macrophage progression for cardiac repair. However, cell-based therapeutics are limited due to invasive cell isolation, time-consuming cell expansion, labor-intensive and costly ex vivo cell manipulation, and low grafting efficiency. Here, we report that graphene oxide (GO) can serve as an antioxidant and attenuate inflammation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages via reduction in intracellular ROS. In addition, GO functions as a carrier for interleukin-4 plasmid DNA (IL-4 pDNA) that propagates M2 macrophages. We synthesized a macrophage-targeting/polarizing GO complex (MGC) and demonstrated that MGC decreased ROS in immune-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, DNA-functionalized MGC (MGC/IL-4 pDNA) polarized M1 to M2 macrophages and enhanced the secretion of cardiac repair-favorable cytokines. Accordingly, injection of MGC/IL-4 pDNA into mouse MI models attenuated inflammation, elicited early polarization toward M2 macrophages, mitigated fibrosis, and improved heart function. Taken together, the present study highlights a biological application of GO in timely modulation of the immune environment in MI for cardiac repair. Current therapy using off-the-shelf material GO may overcome the shortcomings of cell therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Kong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woong Choo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jun
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61649, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School , 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Fang WF, Chen YM, Lin CY, Huang HL, Yeh H, Chang YT, Huang KT, Lin MC. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by regulating PAI-1 expression. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29344006 PMCID: PMC5763578 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection, and is primarily characterized by an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. In the present study, we developed an effective adjunct therapy mediated by a novel mechanism, to attenuate overt inflammation. LPS-treated macrophages were adopted as an in vitro model of endotoxin-induced inflammation during sepsis. Experiments were carried out using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, to elucidate the mechanisms by which HDAC2 modulates endotoxin-induced inflammation. Results Results revealed that PAI-1, TNF, and MIP-2 expression were inhibited by theophylline, an HDAC2 enhancer, in a RAW macrophage cell line, following LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, HDAC2 plays an important role in immune defense by regulating the expression of inflammatory genes via the c-Jun/PAI-1 pathway. During LPS-induced inflammation, overexpression of HDAC2 was found to inhibit PAI-1, TNF, and MIP-2 expression. Following LPS stimulation, HDAC2 knockdown increased nuclear translocation and DNA binding of c-Jun to the PAI-1 gene promoter, thereby activating PAI-1 gene transcription. Furthermore, inhibition of PAI-1 by TM5275 alone or in combination with theophylline notably suppressed TNF and MIP-2 expression. Conclusion HDAC2 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by regulating c-Jun and PAI-1 expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Fang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan.,2Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan.,3Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, 813 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mu Chen
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Lin
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Huang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Hua Yeh
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan.,2Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan
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Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are ubiquitous regulators for a multitude of pathways in humans. The serpins represent an ancient pathway now known to be present in all kingdoms and often regulating central pathways for clotting, immunity, and even cancer in man. Serpins have been present from the time of the dinosaurs and can represent a large proportion of circulating blood proteins. With this introductory chapter, we present an overview of serpins as well as an introduction and overview of the chapters describing the methodology used in the new approaches to understanding their molecular mechanisms of action and their roles in health and disease.
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Higgins SP, Tang Y, Higgins CE, Mian B, Zhang W, Czekay RP, Samarakoon R, Conti DJ, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1/p53 signaling in renal fibrogenesis. Cell Signal 2017; 43:1-10. [PMID: 29191563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders of the renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and hepatic systems are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies to prevent or curtail the advancement to organ failure, however, remain a major clinical challenge. Chronic kidney disease, in particular, constitutes an increasing medical burden affecting >15% of the US population. Regardless of etiology (diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, urologic obstruction), persistently elevated TGF-β1 levels are causatively linked to the activation of profibrotic signaling networks and disease progression. TGF-β1 is the principal driver of renal fibrogenesis, a dynamic pathophysiologic process that involves tubular cell injury/apoptosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial fibroblast activation and excess extracellular matrix synthesis/deposition leading to impaired kidney function and, eventually, to chronic and end-stage disease. TGF-β1 activates the ALK5 type I receptor (which phosphorylates SMAD2/3) as well as non-canonical (e.g., src kinase, EGFR, JAK/STAT, p53) pathways that collectively drive the fibrotic genomic program. Such multiplexed signal integration has pathophysiological consequences. Indeed, TGF-β1 stimulates the activation and assembly of p53-SMAD3 complexes required for transcription of the renal fibrotic genes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, connective tissue growth factor and TGF-β1. Tubular-specific ablation of p53 in mice or pifithrin-α-mediated inactivation of p53 prevents epithelial G2/M arrest, reduces the secretion of fibrotic effectors and attenuates the transition from acute to chronic renal injury, further supporting the involvement of p53 in disease progression. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of TGF-β1-initiated renal fibrogenesis and the role of p53 as a regulator of profibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Craig E Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Badar Mian
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Ralf-Peter Czekay
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - David J Conti
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Division of Transplantation Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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McKeown-Longo PJ, Higgins PJ. Integration of Canonical and Noncanonical Pathways in TLR4 Signaling: Complex Regulation of the Wound Repair Program. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:320-329. [PMID: 29062589 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic inflammation and maladaptive repair contribute to the development of fibrosis that negatively impacts quality of life and organ function. The toll-like receptor (TLR) system is a critical node in the tissue response to both exogenous (pathogen-associated) and endogenous (damage-associated) molecular pattern factors (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). The development of novel TLR ligand-, pathway-, and/or target gene-specific therapeutics may have clinical utility in the management of the exuberant inflammatory/fibrotic tissue response to injury without compromising the host defense to pathogens. Recent Advances: DAMP ligands, released upon wounding, and microbial-derived PAMPs interact with several TLRs, and their various coreceptor partners, engaging downstream pathways that include Src family kinases, the epidermal growth factor receptor, integrins and the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation enhances cellular responses to the potent profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by attenuating the expression of receptors that inhibit TGF-β1 signaling. Critical Issues: Common as well as unique pathways may be activated by PAMP and DAMP ligands that bind to the repertoire of TLRs on various cell types. Dissecting mechanisms underlying ligand-dependent engagement of this complex, highly interactive, network will provide for adaptation of new and focused therapies directed to the regulation of pathologically significant profibrotic genes. Inherent in this diversity are therapeutic opportunities to modulate the pathophysiologic consequences of persistent TLR signaling. The recently identified involvement of receptor and nonreceptor kinase pathways in TLR signaling may present novel opportunities for pharmacologic intervention. Future Directions: Clarifying the identity and function of DAMP-activated TLR complexes or ligand-binding partners, as well as their engaged downstream effectors and target genes, are key factors in the eventual design of pathway-specific treatment modalities. Such approaches may be tailored to address the spectrum of TLR-initiated pathologies (including localized and persistent inflammation, maladaptive repair/fibrosis) and, perhaps, even titrated to achieve patient-unique beneficial clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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