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Rutt LN, Liu M, Melamed E, Twardy S, Sturgill JL, Brenner LA, Hardesty J, Weinman SA, Tschann MM, Travers J, Welsh DA, Chichetto N, Crotty KM, Mackowiak B, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudry MA, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Emerging concepts in alcohol, infection & immunity: A summary of the 2023 alcohol and immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2024; 118:9-16. [PMID: 38582261 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
On December 8th 2023, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado. The 2023 meeting focused broadly on how acute and chronic alcohol exposure leads to immune dysregulation, and how this contributes to damage in multiple tissues and organs. These include impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, autoimmunity, the gut-Central Nervous System (CNS) axis, and end-organ damage. In addition, diverse areas of alcohol research covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including inflammasome activation, changes in miRNA expression, mitochondrial metabolism, gene regulation, and transcriptomics. Finally, the work presented at this meeting highlighted novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for patients suffering from alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Twardy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Josiah Hardesty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Madison M Tschann
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jared Travers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Natalie Chichetto
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Sim MM, Mollica MY, Alfar HR, Hollifield M, Chung DW, Fu X, Gandhapudi S, Coenen DM, Prakhya KS, Mahmood DFD, Banerjee M, Peng C, Li X, Thornton AC, Porterfield JZ, Sturgill JL, Sievert GA, Barton-Baxter M, Zheng Z, Campbell KS, Woodward JG, López JA, Whiteheart SW, Garvy BA, Wood JP. Unfolded Von Willebrand Factor Binds Protein S and Reduces Anticoagulant Activity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.08.579463. [PMID: 38370737 PMCID: PMC10871343 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein S (PS), the critical plasma cofactor for the anticoagulants tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and activated protein C (APC), circulates in two functionally distinct pools: free (anticoagulant) or bound to complement component 4b-binding protein (C4BP) (anti-inflammatory). Acquired free PS deficiency is detected in several viral infections, but its cause is unclear. Here, we identified a shear-dependent interaction between PS and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) by mass spectrometry. Consistently, plasma PS and VWF comigrated in both native and agarose gel electrophoresis. The PS/VWF interaction was blocked by TFPI but not APC, suggesting an interaction with the C-terminal sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) region of PS. Microfluidic systems, mimicking arterial laminar flow or disrupted turbulent flow, demonstrated that PS stably binds VWF as VWF unfolds under turbulent flow. PS/VWF complexes also localized to platelet thrombi under laminar arterial flow. In thrombin generation-based assays, shearing plasma decreased PS activity, an effect not seen in the absence of VWF. Finally, free PS deficiency in COVID-19 patients, measured using an antibody that binds near the C4BP binding site in SHBG, correlated with changes in VWF, but not C4BP, and with thrombin generation. Our data suggest that PS binds to a shear-exposed site on VWF, thus sequestering free PS and decreasing its anticoagulant activity, which would account for the increased thrombin generation potential. As many viral infections present with free PS deficiency, elevated circulating VWF, and increased vascular shear, we propose that the PS/VWF interaction reported here is a likely contributor to virus-associated thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M.S. Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Molly Y. Mollica
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
| | - Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Melissa Hollifield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Dominic W. Chung
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Siva Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Daniëlle M. Coenen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - James Z. Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Gail A. Sievert
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - Ze Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jerold G. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Beth A. Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
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Bruno MEC, Mukherjee S, Sturgill JL, Cornea V, Yeh P, Hawk GS, Saito H, Starr ME. PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis and acute kidney injury in old age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1330433. [PMID: 38304613 PMCID: PMC10830627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1330433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our prior work demonstrated that PAI-1 in plasma is positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients and mice. The objective of this study was to determine if PAI-1 is causally related to AKI and worse sepsis outcomes using a clinically-relevant and age-appropriate murine model of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal slurry (CS)-injection to wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice at young (5-9 months) and old (18-22 months) age. Survival was monitored for at least 10 days or mice were euthanized for tissue collection at 24 or 48 h post-insult. Contrary to our expectation, PAI-1 KO mice at old age were significantly more sensitive to CS-induced sepsis compared to WT mice (24% vs. 65% survival, p = 0.0037). In comparison, loss of PAI-1 at young age had negligible effects on sepsis survival (86% vs. 88% survival, p = 0.8106) highlighting the importance of age as a biological variable. Injury to the kidney was the most apparent pathological consequence and occurred earlier in aged PAI-1 KO mice. Coagulation markers were unaffected by loss of PAI-1, suggesting thrombosis-independent mechanisms for PAI-1-mediated protection. In summary, although high PAI-1 levels are clinically associated with worse sepsis outcomes, loss of PAI-1 rendered mice more susceptible to kidney injury and death in a CS-induced model of sepsis using aged mice. These results implicate PAI-1 as a critical factor in the resolution of sepsis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. C. Bruno
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Virgilius Cornea
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Peng Yeh
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Sturgill JL, Mayer KP, Kalema AG, Dave K, Mora S, Kalantar A, Carter DJ, Montgomery-Yates AA, Morris PE. Post-intensive care syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis in patients surviving ARDS-pneumonia of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 etiologies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6554. [PMID: 37085548 PMCID: PMC10119831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to examine patient-centered outcomes and the occurrence of lung fibrotic changes on Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging following pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We sought to investigate outpatient clinic chest CT imaging in survivors of COVID19-related ARDS and non-COVID-related ARDS, to determine group differences and explore relationships between lung fibrotic changes and functional outcomes. A retrospective practice analysis of electronic health records at an ICU Recovery Clinic in a tertiary academic medical center was performed in adult patients surviving ARDS due to COVID-19 and non-COVID etiologies. Ninety-four patients with mean age 53 ± 13 and 51% male were included (n = 64 COVID-19 and n = 30 non-COVID groups). There were no differences for age, sex, hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation duration, or sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores between the two groups. Fibrotic changes visualized on CT imaging occurred in a higher proportion of COVID-19 survivors (70%) compared to the non-COVID group (43%, p < 0.001). Across both groups, patients with fibrotic changes (n = 58) were older, had a lower BMI, longer hospital and ICU LOS, lower mean RASS scores, longer total duration of supplemental oxygen. While not statistically different, patients with fibrotic changes did have reduced respiratory function, worse performance on the six-minute walk test, and had high occurrences of anxiety, depression, emotional distress, and mild cognitive impairment regardless of initial presenting diagnosis. Patients surviving pneumonia-ARDS are at high risk of impairments in physical, emotional, and cognitive health related to Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. Of clinical importance, pulmonary fibrotic changes on chest CT occurred in a higher proportion in COVID-ARDS group; however, no functional differences were measured in spirometry or physical assessments at ICU follow-up. Whether COVID infection imparts a unique recovery is not evident from these data but suggest that long-term follow up is necessary for all survivors of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirby P Mayer
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anna G Kalema
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, L54340536, USA.
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Kinjal Dave
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, L54340536, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephanie Mora
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alborz Kalantar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David J Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, L54340536, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashley A Montgomery-Yates
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, L54340536, USA
- Kentucky Research Alliance for Lung Disease, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter E Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bissell BD, Sturgill JL, Bruno MEC, Lewis ED, Starr ME. Assessment of Opioid-Induced Immunomodulation in Experimental and Clinical Sepsis. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0849. [PMID: 36699245 PMCID: PMC9848529 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids remain a standard supportive therapy in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis. However, as preclinical models indicate an association between opioid exposure and immunosuppression, the use of this class of drugs warrants investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether opioid exposure causes immunosuppression in patients with sepsis, and to use a murine sepsis model to determine the effects of opioid exposure on secondary infection. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized opioid exposure would be associated with immunosuppression in patients with sepsis and secondary infection in a murine sepsis model. METHODS AND MODELS This was a two-phase preclinical and clinical study. The clinical phase included a subgroup of patients with sepsis from an existing randomized controlled trial while the preclinical phase used a murine model of sepsis with C57BL/6 mice. In the clinical phase, a post hoc analysis was performed in subjects receiving fentanyl versus no opioid receipt. In the preclinical phase, a murine cecal slurry-induced sepsis model followed by secondary infection was used. Mice were randomized to fentanyl versus no fentanyl concomitantly. RESULTS In clinical sepsis, a significant decrease in interleukin-23 (IL-23) level in patients with fentanyl exposure was observed and lower IL-23 was associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Other measured cytokines showed no significant differences. Concomitant fentanyl exposure during murine sepsis was associated with a significantly higher bacterial burden (p < 0.001) after secondary infection; however, immune cell counts and plasma cytokine levels were largely unaffected by fentanyl. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Minimal alterations in cytokines were seen with opioid exposure during clinical sepsis. In a preclinical model, opioid exposure during sepsis was associated with ineffective bacterial clearance upon secondary infection. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of opioids and their implications, especially in the post-sepsis period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Bissell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Maria E C Bruno
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erick D Lewis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Trinkle CA, Broaddus RN, Sturgill JL, Waters CM, Morris PE. Simple, accurate calculation of mechanical power in pressure controlled ventilation (PCV). Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:22. [PMID: 35644896 PMCID: PMC9148680 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical power is a promising new metric to assess energy transfer from a mechanical ventilator to a patient, which combines the contributions of multiple parameters into a single comprehensive value. However, at present, most ventilators are not capable of calculating mechanical power automatically, so there is a need for a simple equation that can be used to estimate this parameter at the bedside. For volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), excellent equations exist for calculating power from basic ventilator parameters, but for pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), an accurate, easy-to-use equation has been elusive. RESULTS Here, we present a new power equation and evaluate its accuracy compared to the three published PCV power equations. When applied to a sample of 50 patients on PCV with a non-zero rise time, we found that our equation estimated power within an average of 8.4% ± 5.9% (mean ± standard deviation) of the value obtained by numerical integration of the P-V loop. The other three equations estimated power with an error of 19.4% ± 12.9% (simplified Becher equation), 10.0% ± 6.8% (comprehensive Becher equation), and 16.5% ± 14.6% (van der Meijden equation). CONCLUSIONS Our equation calculates power more accurately than the other three published equations, and is much easier to use than the only previously published equation with similar accuracy. The proposed new mechanical power equation is accurate and simple to use, making it an attractive option to estimate power in PCV cases at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Trinkle
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 277 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Richard N. Broaddus
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Christopher M. Waters
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Peter E. Morris
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
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Mazer MB, Bulut Y, Brodsky NN, Lam FW, Sturgill JL, Miles SM, Shein SL, Carroll CL, Remy KE. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Host Immunologic Responses. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:315-320. [PMID: 35050932 PMCID: PMC9058188 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monty B. Mazer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yonca Bulut
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nina N. Brodsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O.Box 208064, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street 353G, New Haven, CT
| | - Fong W. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Sydney M. Miles
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Steven L. Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Kenneth E. Remy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Bapat SP, Whitty C, Mowery CT, Liang Y, Yoo A, Jiang Z, Peters MC, Zhang LJ, Vogel I, Zhou C, Nguyen VQ, Li Z, Chang C, Zhu WS, Hastie AT, He H, Ren X, Qiu W, Gayer SG, Liu C, Choi EJ, Fassett M, Cohen JN, Sturgill JL, Crotty Alexander LE, Suh JM, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Yu RT, Downes M, Liu S, Nikolajczyk BS, Lee IK, Guttman-Yassky E, Ansel KM, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV, Sheppard D, Gallo RL, Ye CJ, Evans RM, Zheng Y, Marson A. Obesity alters pathology and treatment response in inflammatory disease. Nature 2022; 604:337-342. [PMID: 35355021 PMCID: PMC9165753 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decades of work have elucidated cytokine signalling and transcriptional pathways that control T cell differentiation and have led the way to targeted biologic therapies that are effective in a range of autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases. Recent evidence indicates that obesity and metabolic disease can also influence the immune system1-7, although the mechanisms and effects on immunotherapy outcomes remain largely unknown. Here, using two models of atopic dermatitis, we show that lean and obese mice mount markedly different immune responses. Obesity converted the classical type 2 T helper (TH2)-predominant disease associated with atopic dermatitis to a more severe disease with prominent TH17 inflammation. We also observed divergent responses to biologic therapies targeting TH2 cytokines, which robustly protected lean mice but exacerbated disease in obese mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with genome-wide binding analyses revealed decreased activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in TH2 cells from obese mice relative to lean mice. Conditional ablation of PPARγ in T cells revealed that PPARγ is required to focus the in vivo TH response towards a TH2-predominant state and prevent aberrant non-TH2 inflammation. Treatment of obese mice with a small-molecule PPARγ agonist limited development of TH17 pathology and unlocked therapeutic responsiveness to targeted anti-TH2 biologic therapies. These studies reveal the effects of obesity on immunological disease and suggest a precision medicine approach to target the immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar P Bapat
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Caroline Whitty
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuqiong Liang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arum Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian Vogel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Zhou
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Q Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Helen He
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Ren
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Qiu
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah G Gayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Marlys Fassett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sihao Liu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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James BN, Oyeniran C, Sturgill JL, Newton J, Martin RK, Bieberich E, Weigel C, Maczis MA, Palladino END, Lownik JC, Trudeau JB, Cook-Mills JM, Wenzel S, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Ceramide in apoptosis and oxidative stress in allergic inflammation and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1936-1948.e9. [PMID: 33130063 PMCID: PMC8081742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nothing is known about the mechanisms by which increased ceramide levels in the lung contribute to allergic responses and asthma severity. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the functional role of ceramide in mouse models of allergic airway disease that recapitulate the cardinal clinical features of human allergic asthma. METHODS Allergic airway disease was induced in mice by repeated intranasal administration of house dust mite or the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata. Processes that can be regulated by ceramide and are important for severity of allergic asthma were correlated with ceramide levels measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Both allergens induced massive pulmonary apoptosis and also significantly increased reactive oxygen species in the lung. Prevention of increases in lung ceramide levels mitigated allergen-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, dietary supplementation of the antioxidant α-tocopherol decreased reactive oxygen species but had no significant effects on elevation of ceramide level or apoptosis, indicating that the increases in lung ceramide levels in allergen-challenged mice are not mediated by oxidative stress. Moreover, specific ceramide species were altered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe asthma compared with in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from individuals without asthma. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that elevation of ceramide level after allergen challenge contributes to the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and neutrophilic infiltrate that characterize the severe asthmatic phenotype. Ceramide might be the trigger of formation of Creola bodies found in the sputum of patients with severe asthma and could be a biomarker to optimize diagnosis and to monitor and improve clinical outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Clement Oyeniran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Ky
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Ky
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Melissa A Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Elisa N D Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Joseph C Lownik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - John B Trudeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va.
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10
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Verhoef PA, Kannan S, Sturgill JL, Tucker EW, Morris PE, Miller AC, Sexton TR, Koyner JL, Hejal R, Brakenridge SC, Moldawer LL, Hotchkiss RS, Blood TM, Mazer MB, Bolesta S, Alexander SA, Armaignac DL, Shein SL, Jones C, Hoemann CD, Doctor A, Friess SH, Parker RI, Rotta AT, Remy KE. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus 2 Infection and Organ Dysfunction in the ICU: Opportunities for Translational Research. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0374. [PMID: 33786450 PMCID: PMC7994036 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, hundreds of thousands of patients have been treated in ICUs across the globe. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 virus enters cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and activates several distinct inflammatory pathways, resulting in hematologic abnormalities and dysfunction in respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal renal, endocrine, dermatologic, and neurologic systems. This review summarizes the current state of research in coronavirus disease 2019 pathophysiology within the context of potential organ-based disease mechanisms and opportunities for translational research. DATA SOURCES Investigators from the Research Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine were selected based on expertise in specific organ systems and research focus. Data were obtained from searches conducted in Medline via the PubMed portal, Directory of Open Access Journals, Excerpta Medica database, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Web of Science from an initial search from December 2019 to October 15, 2020, with a revised search to February 3, 2021. The medRxiv, Research Square, and clinical trial registries preprint servers also were searched to limit publication bias. STUDY SELECTION Content experts selected studies that included mechanism-based relevance to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 virus or coronavirus disease 2019 disease. DATA EXTRACTION Not applicable. DATA SYNTHESIS Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve the care of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients should be centered on understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 infection affects organ function. This review articulates specific targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Verhoef
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI
- Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Elizabeth W Tucker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter E Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Andrew C Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Travis R Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kentucky-Lexington School of Medicine, The Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Lexington, KY
| | - Jay L Koyner
- Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rana Hejal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Case Western School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Richard S Hotchkiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Surgery, St. Louis, Washington University School of Medicine, MO
| | - Teresa M Blood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Monty B Mazer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott Bolesta
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA
| | | | | | - Steven L Shein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert I Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Hematology/Oncology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexandre T Rotta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kenneth E Remy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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11
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Strattan E, Palaniyandi S, Kumari R, Du J, Hakim N, Huang T, Kesler MV, Jennings CD, Sturgill JL, Hildebrandt GC. Mast Cells Are Mediators of Fibrosis and Effector Cell Recruitment in Dermal Chronic Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2470. [PMID: 31681336 PMCID: PMC6813249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is often used to treat acute leukemia or defects of hematopoiesis. Its widespread use is hampered by graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), which has high morbidity and mortality in both acute and chronic subtypes. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurs most frequently in skin and often is characterized by pathogenic fibrosis. Mast cells (MCs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of other fibrotic diseases. In a murine model of cGVHD after allo-HSCT, C57BL/6J recipients of allogeneic LP/J donor cells develop sclerodermatous dermal cGVHD which is significantly decreased in mast cell-deficient B6.Cg-KitW-sh/HNihrJaeBsmGlliJ recipients. The presence of MCs is associated with fibrosis, chemokine production, and recruitment of GVHD effector cells to the skin. Chemokine production by MCs is blocked by drugs used to treat cGVHD. The importance of MCs in skin cGVHD is mirrored by increased MCs in the skin of patients with dermal cGVHD. We show for the first time a role for MCs in skin cGVHD that may be targetable for preventive and therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Strattan
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Senthilnathan Palaniyandi
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Reena Kumari
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Natalya Hakim
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy Huang
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Melissa V Kesler
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - C Darrell Jennings
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gerhard C Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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12
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Abstract
Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition in the lung and is characterized by episodic shortness of breath with expiratory wheezing and cough. Asthma is a serious public health concern globally with an estimated incidence over 300 million. Asthma is a complex disease in that it manifests as disease of gene and environmental interactions. Sphingolipids are a unique class of lipids involved in a host of biological functions ranging from serving as key cellular membrane lipids to acting as critical signaling molecules. To date sphingolipids have been studied across various human conditions ranging from neurological disorders to cancer to infection to autoimmunity. This review will focus on the role of sphingolipids in asthma development and pathology with particular focus on the role of mast cell sphingolipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Sturgill
- University of Kentucky, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, 740 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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13
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Katsuta E, Yan L, Nagahashi M, Raza A, Sturgill JL, Lyon DE, Rashid OM, Hait NC, Takabe K. Doxorubicin effect is enhanced by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling antagonist in breast cancer. J Surg Res 2017; 219:202-213. [PMID: 29078883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer; however, its use is limited by drug resistance and side effects. We hypothesized that adding FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor functional antagonist, to doxorubicin would potentiate its effects by suppression of drug-induced inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus data sets, and National Cancer Institute-60 panel were used for gene expressions and gene set enrichment analysis. E0771 syngeneic mammary tumor cells were used. OB/OB mice fed with western high-fat diet were used as an obesity model. RESULTS STAT3 expression was significantly increased after doxorubicin treatment in human breast cancer that implicates that doxorubicin evokes inflammation. Expression of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme that produces S1P and links inflammation and cancer, tended to be higher in doxorubicin-resistant human cancer and cell lines. In a murine breast cancer model, sphingosine kinase 1, S1P receptor 1, interleukin 6, and STAT3 were overexpressed in the doxorubicin-treated group, whereas all of them were significantly suppressed with addition of FTY720. Combination therapy synergistically suppressed cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, combination therapy showed higher efficacy in an obesity breast cancer model, where high body mass index demonstrated trends toward worse disease-free and overall survival, and high-serum S1P levels in human patients and volunteers. CONCLUSIONS We found that FTY720 enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin by suppression of drug-induced inflammation, and combination therapy showed stronger effect in obesity-related breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Katsuta
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ali Raza
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Biobehavioral Laboratory Services, Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Debra E Lyon
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Omar M Rashid
- Holy Cross Hospital Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Nova Southeastern University School of Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Nitai C Hait
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
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14
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Elkovich A, Sturgill JL, Conrad DH. Kainate receptor deficient mast cells exhibit increased activation in vivo and in vitro.. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.123.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Allergies and asthma are common ailments that are on the rise around the world, especially in young children. Mast cells play a direct role in the signs and symptoms characteristic in allergic patients. Kainate is an ionotropic member of the glutamate receptor family and is mainly studied in the brain. Recent investigations, however, have shown the presence of the Kainate Receptor (KAR) in peripheral tissues, including cells of the immune system. Our lab has previously studied the effects of KAR deficient mice and have found that these mice have reduced Th2 responses in a house dust mite extract model of allergic airway inflammation. We sought to determine if KAR deficient mast cells played a role in the phenotype observed. Paradoxically, these mast cells exhibited increased, rather than decreased mediator release in vitro by antigen–dependent degranulation. In vivo, KAR KO mice release significantly more histamine during a model of passive systemic anaphylaxis. Finally, KAR KO mice exhibit an exacerbated temperature drop in response to administered histamine. These results stand in contrast to the inhibition of the asthma model, but indicate that KAR agonist, rather than antagonist treatment of mast cells would be a treatment modality to decrease mast cell activation. Such studies are currently underway.
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15
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Sturgill JL, Conrad DH, Oyeniran C, Spiegel S. The ORMDL3-ceramide axis may be a novel therapeutic target for the control of allergic airway disease. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.192.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Asthma, defined as a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by episodic shortness of breath with expiratory wheezing and cough, is a serious health concern. The WHO estimates that asthma affects more than 230 million people worldwide. There is a strong genetic component to asthma and numerous genome-wide association studies have identified ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) as an asthma associated gene. Surprisingly however, the mechanism by which ORMDL3 contributes to asthma pathogenesis is not well understood. The yeast ortholog of ORMDL3 is a negative regulator of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the rate limiting step in de novo ceramide synthesis, yet elevations of ceramide rather than its reduction have been linked to lung inflammation. Thus, we examined the role of ORMDL3 in asthma immunopathology. Consistent with its role in yeast, we show that decreasing expression of ORMDL3 in lung epithelial cells and macrophages increases ceramide and conversely, modest increases in ORMDL3 decrease ceramide levels. In a house dust mite (HDM) mouse model of allergic airway disease, allergen challenge induced expression of ORMDL3 and resulted in a concomitant increase in lung ceramide. Intriguingly, the use of specific drugs, which inhibit ceramide synthesis, prevented HDM-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and suppressed airway inflammation. Nasal administration of the orally available FDA approved prodrug FTY720/fingolimod reduced both ORMDL3 expression and ceramide production while mitigating airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, and mucus hypersecretion in HDM challenged mice. Thus the ORMDL3 -ceramide pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the control of allergic asthma.
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16
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Starkweather AR, Lyon DE, Kinser P, Heineman A, Sturgill JL, Deng X, Siangphoe U, Elswick RK, Greenspan J, Dorsey SG. Comparison of Low Back Pain Recovery and Persistence: A Descriptive Study of Characteristics at Pain Onset. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:401-10. [PMID: 26883808 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416631819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent low back pain is a significant problem worldwide. Early identification and treatment of individuals at high risk for persistent low back pain have been suggested as strategies to decrease the rate of disability associated with this condition. PURPOSE To examine and compare demographic, pain-related, psychological, and somatosensory characteristics in a cohort of participants with acute low back pain who later went on to experience persistent low back pain or whose pain resolved within the first 6 weeks after initial onset. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted among men and women 18-50 years of age who had an acute episode of low back pain. Study questionnaires were administered to collect demographic information and measures of pain, coping, reactivity, mood, work history and satisfaction, and disability. A standardized protocol of quantitative sensory testing was performed on each participant at the painful area of their low back and at a remote site on their arm. RESULTS The sample consisted of 48 participants, of whom 19 went on to develop persistent low back pain and 29 resolved. Compared to the resolved group, the persistent low back pain group was significantly older and had a lower level of educational attainment, a higher body mass index, and higher mean "least" pain score on the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Significantly higher thermal detection thresholds at the painful and remote sites as well as signs of central sensitivity differentiated the persistent pain group from the resolved group during the acute stage of low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra E Lyon
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Amy Heineman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - R K Elswick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joel Greenspan
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan G Dorsey
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Kolawole EM, McLeod JJA, Ndaw V, Abebayehu D, Barnstein BO, Faber T, Spence AJ, Taruselli M, Paranjape A, Haque TT, Qayum AA, Kazmi QA, Wijesinghe DS, Sturgill JL, Chalfant CE, Straus DB, Oskeritzian CA, Ryan JJ. Fluvastatin Suppresses Mast Cell and Basophil IgE Responses: Genotype-Dependent Effects. J Immunol 2016; 196:1461-70. [PMID: 26773154 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC)- and basophil-associated inflammatory diseases are a considerable burden to society. A significant portion of patients have symptoms despite standard-of-care therapy. Statins, used to lower serum cholesterol, have immune-modulating activities. We tested the in vitro and in vivo effects of statins on IgE-mediated MC and basophil activation. Fluvastatin showed the most significant inhibitory effects of the six statins tested, suppressing IgE-induced cytokine secretion among mouse MCs and basophils. The effects of fluvastatin were reversed by mevalonic acid or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphatase, and mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition. Fluvastatin selectively suppressed key FcεRI signaling pathways, including Akt and ERK. Although MCs and basophils from the C57BL/6J mouse strain were responsive to fluvastatin, those from 129/SvImJ mice were completely resistant. Resistance correlated with fluvastatin-induced upregulation of the statin target HMG-CoA reductase. Human MC cultures from eight donors showed a wide range of fluvastatin responsiveness. These data demonstrate that fluvastatin is a potent suppressor of IgE-mediated MC activation, acting at least partly via blockade of geranyl lipid production downstream of HMG-CoA reductase. Importantly, consideration of statin use for treating MC-associated disease needs to incorporate genetic background effects, which can yield drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Ndaw
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Travis Faber
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Marcela Taruselli
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Anuya Paranjape
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Amina A Qayum
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Qasim A Kazmi
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | | | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Family and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; Research and Development, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298; and
| | - David B Straus
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284;
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18
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Kim EY, Sturgill JL, Hait NC, Avni D, Valencia EC, Maceyka M, Lima S, Allegood J, Huang WC, Zhang S, Milstien S, Conrad D, Spiegel S. Role of sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate in CD40 signaling and IgE class switching. FASEB J 2014; 28:4347-58. [PMID: 25002116 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member CD40 plays an essential role in the activation of antigen-presenting cells, B cell maturation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching critical for adaptive immunity. Although the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the kinase that produces it, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), have long been implicated in the actions of TNF mediated by engagement of TNFR1, nothing is yet known of their role in CD40-mediated events. We have now found that ligation of CD40 activates and translocates SphK1 to the plasma membrane, leading to generation of S1P. SphK1 inhibition in human tonsil B cells, as well as inhibition or deletion of SphK1 in mouse splenic B cells, significantly reduced CD40-mediated Ig class switching and plasma cell differentiation ex vivo. Optimal activation of downstream CD40 signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38, and JNK, also required SphK1. In mice treated with a SphK1 inhibitor or in SphK1(-/-) mice, isotype switching to antigen-specific IgE was decreased in vivo by 70 and 55%, respectively. Our results indicate that SphK1 is important for CD40-mediated B cell activation and regulation of humoral responses and suggest that targeting SphK1 might be a useful therapeutic approach to control antigen-specific IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Nitai C Hait
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeh An
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | | | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Assistant Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Salyer
- Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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20
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Sturgill JL, Conrad DH. Purifying and measuring immunoglobulin E (IgE) and anti-IgE. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1032:121-131. [PMID: 23943448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-496-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are a critical component of the adaptive immune system of both man and mouse. The ability to detect and characterize Igs is an invaluable technique for immunology in either a research or a clinical setting. The advent of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and monoclonal antibody technology has proven instrumental for advancing the science of Ig biology. IgE is of interest as it is the primary Ig responsible for allergic reactions ranging from allergic rhinitis to anaphylaxis. Here, we describe the history behind the IgE discovery and the protocol for purifying IgE and anti-IgE in the mouse. This is followed by our ELISA protocol for mouse IgE detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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21
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Saleem SJ, Martin RK, Morales JK, Sturgill JL, Gibb DR, Graham L, Bear HD, Manjili MH, Ryan JJ, Conrad DH. Cutting edge: mast cells critically augment myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity. J Immunol 2012; 189:511-5. [PMID: 22706087 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are primarily recognized for their immunosuppressive properties in malignant disease. However, their interaction with other innate immune cells and their regulation of immune responses, such as in parasitic infection, necessitate further characterization. We used our previously published mouse model of MDSC accumulation to examine the immunoregulatory role of MDSCs in B16 melanoma metastasis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. In this study, we demonstrate that the activity of MDSCs is dependent on the immune stimuli and subset induced. Monocytic MDSCs predictably suppressed antitumor immune responses but granulocytic MDSCs surprisingly enhanced the clearance of N. brasiliensis infection. Intriguingly, both results were dependent on MDSC interaction with mast cells (MCs), as demonstrated by adoptive-transfer studies in MC-deficient (Kit(Wsh)(/)(Wsh)) mice. These findings were further supported by ex vivo cocultures of MCs and MDSCs, indicating a synergistic increase in cytokine production. Thus, MCs can enhance both immunosuppressive and immunosupportive functions of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheinei J Saleem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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22
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Suzuki M, El-Hage N, Zou S, Hahn YK, Sorrell ME, Sturgill JL, Conrad DH, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 protects striatal neurons from synergistic morphine and HIV-1 Tat-induced dendritic losses and death. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:78. [PMID: 22093090 PMCID: PMC3287119 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its cognate receptor CX3CR1 are abundantly expressed in the CNS. Fractalkine is an unusual C-X3-C motif chemokine that is important in neuron-microglial communication, a co-receptor for HIV infection, and can be neuroprotective. To assess the effects of fractalkine on opiate-HIV interactive neurotoxicity, wild-type murine striatal neurons were co-cultured with mixed glia from the striata of wild-type or Cx3cr1 knockout mice ± HIV-1 Tat and/or morphine. Time-lapse digital images were continuously recorded at 20 min intervals for up to 72 h using computer-aided microscopy to track the same cells repeatedly. RESULTS Co-exposure to Tat and morphine caused synergistic increases in neuron death, dendritic pruning, and microglial motility as previously reported. Exogenous fractalkine prevented synergistic Tat and morphine-induced dendritic losses and neuron death even though the inflammatory mediator TNF-α remained significantly elevated. Antibody blockade of CX3CR1 mimicked the toxic effects of morphine plus Tat, but did not add to their toxicity; while fractalkine failed to protect wild-type neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1-/--null glia against morphine and Tat toxicity. Exogenous fractalkine also normalized microglial motility, which is elevated by Tat and morphine co-exposure, presumably limiting microglial surveillance that may lead to toxic effects on neurons. Fractalkine immunofluorescence was expressed in neurons and to a lesser extent by other cell types, whereas CX3CR1 immunoreactivity or GFP fluorescence in cells cultured from the striatum of Cx3cr1-/- (Cx3cr1GFP/GFP) mice were associated with microglia. Immunoblotting shows that fractalkine levels were unchanged following Tat and/or morphine exposure and there was no increase in released fractalkine as determined by ELISA. By contrast, CX3CR1 protein levels were markedly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that deficits in fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling contribute to the synergistic neurotoxic effects of opioids and Tat. Importantly, exogenous fractalkine can selectively protect neurons from the injurious effects of chronic opioid-HIV-1 Tat co-exposure, and this suggests a potential therapeutic course for neuroAIDS. Although the cellular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection are not certain, findings that exogenous fractalkine reduces microglial motility and fails to protect neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1-/- mixed glia suggest that fractalkine may act by interfering with toxic microglial-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
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23
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Zhang Q, Sturgill JL, Kmieciak M, Szczepanek K, Derecka M, Koebel C, Graham LJ, Dai Y, Chen S, Grant S, Cichy J, Shimoda K, Gamero A, Manjili M, Bear H, Conrad D, Larner AC. The role of Tyk2 in regulation of breast cancer growth. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:671-7. [PMID: 21864028 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigrowth and immunomodulatory actions of interferons (IFNs) have enabled these cytokines to be used therapeutically for the treatment of a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. IFNs exert their effects by activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway. IFNγ stimulates the tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak2, resulting in activation of the Stat1 transcription factor, whereas type 1 IFNs (IFNα/β) activate Jak1 and Tyk2, which mediate their effects through Stat1 and Stat2. Disruption in the expression of IFNγ, IFNα receptors, or Stat1 inhibits antitumor responses and blunt cancer immunosurveillance in mice. Mutations in Jak2 or constitutive activation of Jak1 or Jak2 also promote the development of a variety of malignancies. Although there are data indicating that Tyk2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphomas, the effects of Tyk2 expression on tumorigenesis are unknown. We report here that Tyk2(-/-) mice inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells show enhanced tumor growth and metastasis compared to Tyk2(+/+) animals. Accelerated growth of 4T1 cells in Tyk2(-/-) animals does not appear to be due to decreased function of CD4(+), CD8(+) T cells, or NK cells. Rather, the tumor suppresive effects of Tyk2 are mediated at least in part by myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which appear to be more effective in inhibiting T cell responses in Tyk2(-/-) mice. Our results provide the first evidence for a role of Tyk2 in suppressing the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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24
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Sturgill JL, Mathews J, Scherle P, Conrad DH. Glutamate signaling through the kainate receptor enhances human immunoglobulin production. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 233:80-9. [PMID: 21215464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD23 is implicated as a regulator of IgE synthesis. A soluble form of CD23 (sCD23) is released following cleavage by ADAM10 and enhanced sCD23 is correlated with increased IgE. In the CNS, signaling through the kainate receptor (KAR) increases ADAM10. In B cells, activation of KARs produced a significant increase in ADAM10 and sCD23 release as well as an increase in B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production. In addition, ADAM10 inhibitors reduce IgE synthesis from in vitro cultures of human B cells. Thus, we report for the first time the unique presence of the kainate receptor in B cells and that activation of KARs could serve as a novel mechanism for enhancing B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA.
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25
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Macey MR, Sturgill JL, Morales JK, Falanga YT, Morales J, Norton SK, Yerram N, Shim H, Fernando J, Gifillan AM, Gomez G, Schwartz L, Oskeritzian C, Spiegel S, Conrad D, Ryan JJ. IL-4 and TGF-beta 1 counterbalance one another while regulating mast cell homeostasis. J Immunol 2010; 184:4688-95. [PMID: 20304823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell responses can be altered by cytokines, including those secreted by Th2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). Given the important role of mast cells in Th2-mediated inflammation and recent demonstrations of Treg-mast cell interactions, we examined the ability of IL-4 and TGF-beta1 to regulate mast cell homeostasis. Using in vitro and in vivo studies of mouse and human mast cells, we demonstrate that IL-4 suppresses TGF-beta1 receptor expression and signaling, and vice versa. In vitro studies demonstrated that IL-4 and TGF-beta1 had balancing effects on mast cell survival, migration, and FcepsilonRI expression, with each cytokine cancelling the effects of the other. However, in vivo analysis of peritoneal inflammation during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in mice revealed a dominant suppressive function for TGF-beta1. These data support the existence of a cytokine network involving the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the Treg cytokine TGF-beta1 that can regulate mast cell homeostasis. Dysregulation of this balance may impact allergic disease and be amenable to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Macey
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Biology Department, Box 842012, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
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Abstract
CD23, the low affinity IgE receptor, is hypothesized to function as a negative regulator of IgE production. Upon discovering reduced CD23 surface levels in 129/SvJ inbred mice, we sought to further investigate 129/SvJ CD23 and to examine its influence on IgE levels. Five amino acid substitutions were found in 129/SvJ CD23. Identical mutations were also observed in CD23 from New Zealand Black and 129P1/ReJ mice. 129/SvJ B cells proliferated more rapidly than those from BALB/c after stimulation with IL-4 and CD40 ligand trimer. However, in vitro IgE levels in supernatants from stimulated 129/SvJ B cells were significantly reduced. Contrary to the in vitro findings, the 129/SvJ CD23 mutations correlated with a hyper IgE phenotype in vivo and 129/SvJ were able to clear Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection more rapidly than either BALB/c or C57BL/6. Overall, this study further suggests that CD23 is an important regulatory factor for IgE production.
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Abstract
Given the importance of immunoglobulin (Ig) E in mediating type I hypersensitivity, inhibiting IgE production would be a general way of controlling allergic disease. The low-affinity IgE receptor (FceRII or CD23) has long been proposed to be a natural regulator of IgE synthesis. In vivo research supporting this concept includes the observation that mice lacking CD23 have increased IgE production whereas mice overexpressing CD23 show strongly suppressed IgE responses. In addition, the finding that mice injected with monoclonal antibody directed against the coiled-coil stalk of CD23 have enhanced soluble CD23 release and increased IgE production demonstrates that full-length, trimeric CD23 is responsible for initiating an IgE inhibitory signal. The recent identification of ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) as the CD23 metalloprotease provides an alternative approach for designing therapies to combat allergic disease. Current data suggest that stabilizing cell-surface CD23 would be a natural means to decrease IgE synthesis and thus control type I hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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28
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Caven TH, Sturgill JL, Conrad DH. BCR ligation antagonizes the IL-21 enhancement of anti-CD40/IL-4 plasma cell differentiation and IgE production found in low density human B cell cultures. Cell Immunol 2007; 247:49-58. [PMID: 17888893 PMCID: PMC2075084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to discover the mechanisms explaining increased IgE production seen at low cell densities when IL-21 is added to human B cell cultures activated with anti-CD40 and IL-4. When cells were cultured in the absence of BCR ligation, qPCR demonstrated dramatic increases in mRNA for the plasma cell transcription factors BLIMP1 and XBP1. Furthermore, a majority of viable cells expressed high levels of CD38 while losing expression of surface IgD. In contrast, in the presence of BCR stimulation, both the XBP1 mRNA levels and CD38 cell surface expression were markedly reduced, and a large population of cells retained IgD expression, indicating reduced plasma cell differentiation. IgE levels were reduced in the BCR stimulated cultures by 90%, while IgG4 levels remained unchanged. In summary, IL-21 enhances IgE production at low densities through stimulating cell division and plasma cell differentiation and this activity is reduced upon BCR cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Caven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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