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Wan J, Zhang S, Li G, Huang S, Li J, Zhang Z, Liu J. Ceramide Ehux-C22 Targets the miR-199a-3p/mTOR Signaling Pathway to Regulate Melanosomal Autophagy in Mouse B16 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8061. [PMID: 39125630 PMCID: PMC11312279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are specialized membrane-bound organelles where melanin is synthesized and stored. The levels of melanin can be effectively reduced by inhibiting melanin synthesis or promoting melanosome degradation via autophagy. Ceramide, a key component in the metabolism of sphingolipids, is crucial for preserving the skin barrier, keeping it hydrated, and warding off the signs of aging. Our preliminary study indicated that a long-chain C22-ceramide compound (Ehux-C22) isolated from the marine microalga Emiliania huxleyi, reduced melanin levels via melanosomal autophagy in B16 cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to act as melanogenesis-regulating molecules in melanocytes. However, whether the ceramide Ehux-C22 can induce melanosome autophagy at the post-transcriptional level, and which potential autophagy-dependent mechanisms are involved, remains unknown. Here, miR-199a-3p was screened and identified as a novel upregulated miRNA in Ehux-C22-treated B16 cells. An in vitro high melanin expression model in cultured mouse melanoma cells (B16 cells) was established by using 0.2 μM alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH) and used for subsequent analyses. miR-199a-3p overexpression significantly enhanced melanin degradation, as indicated by a reduction in the melanin level and an increase in melanosome autophagy. Further investigation demonstrated that in B16 cells, Ehux-C22 activated miR-199a-3p and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) level, thus activating the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway by promoting the expression of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) and degrading p62. Therefore, the roles of Ehux-C22-regulated miR-199a-3p and the mTOR pathway in melanosomal autophagy were elucidated. This research may provide novel perspectives on the post-translational regulation of melanin metabolism, which involves the coordinated control of melanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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2
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Zarudin NH, Normaya E, Shamsuri SS, Iqbal A, Mat Piah MB, Abdullah Z, Hamzah AS, Ahmad MN. Development of chemometric-assisted supercritical fluid extraction of effective and natural tyrosinase inhibitor from Syzygium aqueum leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129168. [PMID: 38171432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in enzymatic browning, causing quality losses in food through the oxidation process. Thus, the discovery of an effective and natural tyrosinase inhibitor via green technology is of great interest to the global food market due to food security and climate change issues. In this study, Syzygium aqueum (S. aqueum) leaves, which are known to be rich in phenolic compounds (PC), were chosen as a natural source of tyrosinase inhibitor, and the effect of the sustainable, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process was evaluated. Response surface methodology-assisted supercritical fluid extraction (RSM-assisted SFE) was utilized to optimize the PCs extracted from S. aqueum. The highest amount of PC was obtained at the optimum conditions (55 °C, 3350 psi, and 70 min). The IC50 (661.815 μg/mL) of the optimized extract was evaluated, and its antioxidant activity (96.8 %) was determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results reveal that 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (2,6-D4MC) (82.65 %) was the major PC in S. aqueum. Chemometric analysis indicated that 2,6-D4MC has similar chemical properties to the tyrosinase inhibitor control (kaempferol). The toxicity and physiochemical properties of the novel 2,6-D4MC from S. aqueum revealed that the 2,6-D4MC is safer than kaempferol as predicted via absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation. Enzyme kinetic analysis shows that the type of inhibition of the optimized extract is non-competitive inhibition with Km = 1.55 mM and Vmax = 0.017 μM/s. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows the effectiveness of S. aqueum as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The mechanistic insight of the tyrosinase inhibition using 2,6-D4MC was successfully calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking approaches. The findings could have a significant impact on food security development by devising a sustainable and effective tyrosinase inhibitor from waste by-products that is aligned with the United Nation's SDG 2, zero hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Husna Zarudin
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Erna Normaya
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Sustainable Nanotechnology and Computational Modelling (SuNCoM) Research Group, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Syamimi Sulfiza Shamsuri
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sazali Hamzah
- Institute of Science (IOS), Level 3, Block C, Kompleks Inspirasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Sustainable Nanotechnology and Computational Modelling (SuNCoM) Research Group, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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3
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Słoczyńska K, Żelaszczyk D, Orzeł K, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Kasza P, Borczuch-Kostańska M, Pękala E. In silico and in vitro evaluation of a safety profile of a cosmetic ingredient: 4-methoxychalcone (4-MC). Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105696. [PMID: 37722549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone is an important scaffold within medicinal and cosmetic chemistry. The structure enables multiple modifications which may result in obtaining compounds with desirable bioactivity. One of the chalcone derivatives, 4-methoxychalcone is a known cosmetic ingredient indexed in Cosing database as an antioxidant, bleaching, and skin conditioning substance. We investigated its in silico and in vitro safety profile. In silico study using Derek Nexus showed its potential of skin sensitisation, equivocal nature of chromosome damage in vitro in mammals, but also no mutagenic properties. In vitro research proved its activity as melanogenesis inhibitor in B16F10 cell line at the doses 12.5-3.125 μM. Evaluations performed in various cell lines showed that the cytotoxic doses were 50-25 μM. Tests in Episkin™ proved its ability to penetrate across epidermis and enabled classification of 2% formulation in PEG as non-irritant. In micronucleus tests it showed no genotoxicity. Studies in Cunninghamella echinulata model proved that 4-methoxychalcone was metabolised to less lipophilic products. 4-methoxychalcone showed phototoxic potential, its EC50(+UV) = 3.57 μg/mL, PIF = 10.19 and MPE = 0.428 were comparable to chlorpromazine. Moreover, 4-methoxychalcone showed ecotoxic potential in Microtox® assay with EC50(5 min) = 0.0047 mg/L and EC50(15 min) = 0.0033 mg/L. Although active doses were lower than toxic ones, some potential safety risks were noticed. Especially, due to the phototoxicity potential of 4-methoxychalcone, its use as depigmenting agent should involve avoidance of sunlight and use of appropriate photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Orzeł
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Patryk Kasza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Magda Borczuch-Kostańska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
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4
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Liu HM, Tang W, Wang XY, Jiang JJ, Zhang Y, Liu QL, Wang W. Experimental and theoretical studies on inhibition against tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis by antioxidant ergothioneine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:163-173. [PMID: 37816300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine, a natural derivative of histidine with a thiol/thine tautomeric structure, exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties and inhibition activities on tyrosinase. In this study, enzyme kinetics experiments and chromatographic spectral analysis revealed that ergothioneine inhibited tyrosinase in a reversible and non-competitive manner, with an inhibition constant of 0.554 mg/mL (2.41 mM). As the concentration of ergothioneine increased, the extremely flexible loop structure of tyrosinase extended from 40.1 % to 41.0 %, effectively covering the active center or binding site. Theoretical molecular docking simulation results show that ergothioneine forms complexes with tyrosinase through hydrogen bonding and salt bridges in the active center of Cu ions. Additionally, it was observed that ergothioneine's antioxidant had a stronger reducing impact on dopaquinone, an intermediate in melanin production, than the effect of ascorbic acid at an equivalent concentration (0.5 mg/mL). Ergothioneine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species to lower levels than the control group without UVA radiation and regulated the proliferation and differentiation in B16-F10 melanocytes. Clinical trials have shown that a 0.1 % concentration of ergothioneine can effectively suppress melanin production in irradiated skin. The significant reduction in melanin index and an increase in the individual type angle (ITA°) degree were measured after 4 weeks. These results collectively suggest that ergothioneine may be a promising inhibitor of natural antioxidant tyrosinase. Furthermore, due to its safety and efficacy, ergothioneine could be considered one of the bioactive substances for further study on diseases related to melanin production and tyrosinase activity which is of great significance for the cosmetics, medicine and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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Korkmaz A, Kurtay G, Kaya E, Bursal E. Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, in vitro pancreatic lipase as well as tyrosinase inhibition evaluations and in silico analysis of novel aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7128-7143. [PMID: 36069113 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary purposes of this study is to synthesize new aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrid structures possessing divergent electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing functional groups. Following the improved reaction conditions, we successfully gathered ten distinct sulfonate derivatives (3a-j) with good yields. The synthesized naphthalene-based sulfonate derivatives were then characterized using appropriate analytical methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis). Additionally, in vitro and in silico enzyme inhibitory properties of the prepared aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrid structures were evaluated against pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase enzymes. Corresponding in vitro enzyme activity investigations revealed that the produced compounds inhibit pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase enzymes significantly. According to the lowest IC50 values, 3h (95.3 ± 4.0 µM) demonstrated the most effective inhibition against pancreatic lipase, whereas 3a (40.8 ± 3.3 µM) was found as the most effective inhibition against the tyrosinase. According to in silico studies, 3a exhibited the highest affinity value (-9.9 kcal/mol) against pancreatic lipase, whereas 3f demonstrated the best affinity value (-8.7 kcal/mol) against tyrosinase.Furthermore, we investigated various structural and physicochemical properties of the target molecules, namely frontier orbital' (HOMO, LUMO, and bandgap) energies (including their corresponding contour plots), global reactivity descriptors (ionization energy and electron affinity), and electronegativity values gathered from ground-state (GS) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These investigations demonstrated that the observed electrostatic interactions effectively contributed to the studied molecules' experimentally demonstrated enzyme inhibition potential. Also, ADMET studies were evaluated to enlighten the molecular interactions of the compounds with the enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Korkmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Kaya
- Faculty of Education, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010378. [PMID: 36615571 PMCID: PMC9822343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin-a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin-a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
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Lee MS, Oh YJ, Kim JW, Han KM, Kim DS, Park JW, Kim HM, Kim DW, Kim YS. Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ajuga spectabilis Nakai Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010079. [PMID: 36616208 PMCID: PMC9823794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been a good source of natural antioxidants. Plants remove active oxygen through antioxidants and contain various active ingredients. These active ingredients of plants are used to alleviate skin aging and chronic diseases. Ajuga spectabilis Nakai (AS) is a perennial plant, is endemic to Korea, and has the characteristics of alpine plants. The aim of this study was to assure the possibility of using AS as a functional natural and cosmetic material. For this, we carried out biologically activated material characteristic evaluations about antioxidant, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effects using AS extract. To carry out this experiment, we extracted AS extract from AS water extract (AS-W) and AS 70% ethanol extract (AS-E). AS-E showed the highest DPPH activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. After, the measurement of metalloprotease (MMP)-1 inhibition effect showed the AS-W and AS-E activation at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. In addition, at the same concentration, from the result of the measurement of the biosynthesis quantity of pro-collagen type-1 we knew that its excellent effect appeared in AS-E (CCD-986sk). The inhibition of NO production in AS-W and AS-E was confirmed in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. On cell viability, it was judged that AS-E had no toxicity because it showed a high cell viability at a high concentration, and it was used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibition of NO production worked only in AS-E; inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner in AS-E. AS is believed to be used as a natural cosmetic material because it has been proven to have antioxidant, whitening, wrinkle-improving, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the results indicate that AS extract can play an important role as a functional natural material and a cosmetic material for whitening, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dae Wook Kim
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (Y.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-54-679-2738 (D.W.K.); +82-54-679-2740 (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yeong-Su Kim
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (Y.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-54-679-2738 (D.W.K.); +82-54-679-2740 (Y.-S.K.)
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Wang Y, Qi H. Natural Bioactive Compounds from Foods Inhibited Pigmentation Especially Potential Application of Fucoxanthin to Chloasma: a Mini-Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2148690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yida Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
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9
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Kazancioglu MZ, Kendirli EC. Synthesis, characterization, and enzyme inhibition activities of 4-(methylthio)-N-propylaniline-phenylpiperazine and sulfonamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Korkmaz A, Bursal E. An in vitro and in silico study on the synthesis and characterization of novel bis(sulfonate) derivatives as tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Korkmaz A, Bursal E. Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Sulfonate Derivatives Bearing Salicylaldehyde. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200140. [PMID: 35561156 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity alterations have been associated with many metabolism disorders and have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, which is responsible for skin pigmentation to protect the skin from solar radiation. Pancreatic lipase has been considered a key enzyme for the treatment of obesity. Herein, we reported the synthesis and enzyme inhibitions of a series of sulfonates as possible tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. According to the calculated IC50 values, compound 3f (74.1±11.1 μM) and compound 3c (86.6±6.9 μM) were determined to be the best inhibitors among the synthesized compounds for the tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes, respectively. The approach yielded at extremely high level by creating very flexible structural domains for the chemically modified groups. The structural characterization of the target molecules was implemented by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HR-MS analyses. Also, molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds with tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes were conducted using AutoDock Vina software. Additionally, the studies of the absorption distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) were performed to uncover the target compounds' pharmacokinetics, drug similarities, and medicinal properties of the novel sulfonate derivatives bearing salicylaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Korkmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, 49250, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, 49250, Turkey
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12
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Boroujeni SY, Haghighijoo Z, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mosadeghkhah A, Moaazam A, Yavari A, Hajimahmoodi M, Sabourian R, Hosseini S, Larijani B, Hamedifar H, Ansari S, Mahdavi M. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In silico Evaluation of N-phenylacetamide-oxindole-thiosemicarbazide hybrids as New Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100666. [PMID: 35156774 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of N-phenylacetamide-oxindole-thiosemicarbazide hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. According to tyrosinase inhibition results, all the synthesized compounds showed high tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 3.88 µM in comparison to positive control kojic acid with IC50 value of 36.32 µM. Among tested compounds, analog 7o, containing the 2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl on N-phenylacetamide moiety displayed superior tyrosinase inhibition. This compound was around 45-fold more potent than kojic acid. The kinetic analysis of compound 7o demonstrated that this compound is a competitive inhibitor against tyrosinase. Docking study of this compound demonstrated that compound 7o interacted with critical histidine residues within tyrosinase active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Yari Boroujeni
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, medicinal chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Zahra Haghighijoo
- Louisiana State University, chemistry, Lafayette, Lafayette, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Ali Mosadeghkhah
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Ali Moaazam
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Ali Yavari
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Manan Hajimahmoodi
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Reihaneh Sabourian
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Samesadat Hosseini
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Bagher Larijani
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, pathology, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Halleh Hamedifar
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Samira Ansari
- TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, chemistry, 16 azar, tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Tehran University of Medicinal Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, 16 Azar ST. Enghelab Sq., 14176, Tehran, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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13
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Hu X, Chen Q, Shi Y, Zhuang J, Wang Q. Cefotaxime sodium inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Preparation of Readily-to-Use Stilbenoids Extract from Morus alba Callus Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumer and cosmetic industries have recently placed a greater emphasis on ecofriendly solvents for botanical extraction, including natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In this study, NADES were prepared for Morus alba callus extraction. The efficiency of extraction from the NADES and methanol was investigated by comparison of the stilbenoids yield and anti-melanogenesis activity. Prior to testing the irritability of a suitable NADES on the reconstructed human epidermis (RhE), the effect of the selected NADES on stilbenoids stability was determined. The results showed that the highest yields of stilbenoids were obtained from choline chloride-glycerol mixtures (Ch1G2) and methanol extracts, with no significant difference in yields (5.06 ± 0.05 and 6.32 ± 0.40 mg/g callus dry weight, respectively). The NADES extracts of M. alba callus showed comparable anti-melanogenesis activity compared to methanol. In term of stability, stilbenoids in Ch1G2 remained stable after six months of storage at 4 °C except resveratrol. Furthermore, Ch1G2 had no irritation effect on RhE. Thus, based on the findings of this study, Ch1G2 is an intriguing green solvent alternative for the extraction of M. alba callus and may be advantageous for the preparation of skin-lightening cosmetics.
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15
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Recent advances in the design and discovery of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113744. [PMID: 34365131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme that is responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in the melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin whitening agents and food preservatives, thus having broad potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. From 2015 to 2020, numerous synthetic inhibitors of tyrosinase have been developed to overcome the challenges of low efficacy and side effects. This review summarizes the enzyme structure and biological functions of tyrosinase and demonstrates the recent advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, providing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms and more effective tyrosinase inhibitors.
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16
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Hosseinzadeh E, Hassanzadeh A, Marofi F, Alivand MR, Solali S. Flavonoid-Based Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1398-1414. [PMID: 32324520 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200423071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As cancers are one of the most important causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, researchers try to discover novel compounds and therapeutic approaches to decrease survival of cancer cells, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In the last decade, use of special phytochemical compounds and flavonoids was reported to be an interesting and hopeful tactic in the field of cancer therapy. Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found in plant, fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. Based on reports, over 10,000 flavonoids have been detected and categorized into several subclasses, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and chalcones. It seems that the anticancer effect of flavonoids is mainly due to their antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities and their potential to modulate molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and hormone activities. The main aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids consumption and cancer risk, and discuss the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds in human cancer cells. Hence, we tried to collect and revise important recent in vivo and in vitro researches about the most effective flavonoids and their main mechanisms of action in various types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Solali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Masyita A, Salim E, Asri RM, Nainu F, Hori A, Yulianty R, Hatta M, Rifai Y, Kuraishi T. Molecular modeling and phenoloxidase inhibitory activity of arbutin and arbutin undecylenic acid ester. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:75-81. [PMID: 33610043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive melanin formation has been linked to various skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation and skin cancer. Tyrosinase is the most prominent target for inhibitors of melanin production. In this study, we investigated whether arbutin and its prodrug, arbutin undecylenic acid ester, might inhibit phenoloxidase (PO), a tyrosinase-like enzyme. Molecular docking simulation results suggested that arbutin and arbutin undecylenic acid ester can bind to the substrate-binding pocket of PO. Arbutin undecylenic acid ester with an IC50 6.34 mM was effective to inhibit PO compared to arbutin (IC50 29.42 mM). In addition, arbutin undecylenic acid ester showed low cytotoxicity in Drosophila S2 cells and the compound inhibited the melanization reaction. Therefore, the results of this study have demonstrated that arbutin undecylenic acid ester as a potential inhibitor of PO. We successfully designed a new platform utilizing Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori as animal models propounding fast, cheap, and high effectiveness in method to screen tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Emil Salim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rangga Meidianto Asri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Aki Hori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Risfah Yulianty
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yusnita Rifai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Takayuki Kuraishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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18
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Song X, Ni M, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Pan J, Gong D. Comparing the inhibitory abilities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and gallocatechin gallate against tyrosinase and their combined effects with kojic acid. Food Chem 2021; 349:129172. [PMID: 33545599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of tyrosinase activity contributes to the control of food browning and skin pigmentation diseases. Herein, the inhibitory mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) on tyrosinase were investigated. Both EGCG and GCG inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed manner with the IC50 values of 39.4 ± 0.54 μM and 36.8 ± 0.21 μM, and showed a synergism with their combination, while EGCG and GCG combined with kojic acid (IC50 = 19.2 ± 0.26 μM) exhibited antagonism and additive effect, respectively. EGCG and GCG interacted with tyrosinase mainly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions and induced a looser conformation of tyrosinase. Molecular docking indicated that EGCG and GCG bound to the active center of tyrosinase and interacted with copper ions and key amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation further characterized the structure and property of EGCG/GCG-tyrosinase complex. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism of catechins as tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mengting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Division of Accounting, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Junhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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19
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Lv J, An X, Jiang S, Yang Y, Song G, Gao R. Protoporphyrin IX Stimulates Melanogenesis, Melanocyte Dendricity, and Melanosome Transport Through the cGMP/PKG Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569368. [PMID: 33013408 PMCID: PMC7516199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound that is the last intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway. PPIX, due to its photodynamic effects, is utilized in the treatment of skin diseases. Furthermore, PPIX has been utilized as a melanogenesis-stimulating agent in various studies. However, the exact function and mechanism underlying PPIX action in melanocytes remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we sought to further investigate how PPIX affects melanocyte melanogenesis, and whether PPIX is involved in melanin transport. Our findings demonstrated that PPIX increased melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport, in addition to increasing melanogenesis. PPIX functions primarily by activating the guanylate cyclase (GC) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) signaling pathways. Once activated, these pathways increase tyrosinase activity and the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2), myosin Va, melanophinin, Ras-related protein Rab-27A (Rab27a), and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), promoting melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanosome transport. Furthermore, the melanogenic effects of PPIX were confirmed in vivo in a zebrafish model system. Our results indicate that PPIX is not cytotoxic and may, thus, be utilized as a pigmentation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Songzhou Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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20
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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22
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Jung HJ, Noh SG, Park Y, Kang D, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. In vitro and in silico insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with ( E)-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1255-1264. [PMID: 31921392 PMCID: PMC6944710 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme responsible for melanin biosynthesis and is effective in protecting skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. As part of ongoing efforts to discover potent tyrosinase inhibitors, we systematically designed and synthesized thirteen (E)-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives (BID1–13) and determined their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase. Among the compounds evaluated, BID3 was the most potent inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.034 µM, monophenolase activity; IC50 = 1.39 µM, diphenolase activity). Kinetic studies revealed that BID3 demonstrated a mixed type of tyrosinase inhibition with Ki value of 2.4 µM using l-DOPA as a substrate. In silico molecular docking simulations demonstrated that BID3 can bind to the catalytic and allosteric sites of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme activity which confirmed in vitro experimental studies between BID3 and tyrosinase. Furthermore, melanin contents decreased and cellular tyrosinase activity was inhibited after BID3 treatment. These observations revealed that BID3 is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and potentially could be used as a whitening agent for the treatment of pigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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23
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Evaluation and Optimization of the Anti-Melanogenic Activity of 1-(2-Cyclohexylmethoxy-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-propenone Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071372. [PMID: 30965650 PMCID: PMC6480009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification and optimization of biologically active compounds are essential steps in the identification of promising lead compounds for drug development. We previously reported the anti-melanogenic activity of 1-(2-cyclohexylmethoxy-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-propenone (chalcone 21). In this study, we synthesized 21 derivatives of chalcone 21 and evaluated their anti-melanogenic activity in -MSH-induced B16F10 cells. (E)-N-(4-(3-(2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl)acetamide (chalcone 21-21) exhibited the strongest inhibition of cellular melanin production, with an IC50 value of 0.54 M. It was more potent than chalcone 21 and the known anti-melanogenic agents kojic acid and arbutin, whose IC50 values were 4.9, 38.5, and 148.4 M, respectively. Chalcone 21-21 decreased the expression and activity of tyrosinase. It also decreased the expression of TRP1, TRP2 and MITF, the phosphorylation of CREB and ERK1/2, and the transcriptional activity of MITF and CRE. Our results demonstrate that chalcone-21-21 is an effective lead compound with anti-melanogenic activity.
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24
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Phthalimide-1,2,3-triazole hybrid compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors; synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking analysis. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Linh DK, Dai DB, Vy DT, Chinh NT, Trung VQ. Synthesis and properties of some polyethers from chalcones. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duong Khanh Linh
- Faculty of Chemistry; Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy; Cau Giay, Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Do Ba Dai
- Faculty of Chemistry; Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy; Cau Giay, Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Do Truc Vy
- Faculty of Chemistry; Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy; Cau Giay, Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Chinh
- Institute for Troptical Technology; Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet; Cau Giay, Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Vu Quoc Trung
- Faculty of Chemistry; Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy; Cau Giay, Hanoi Viet Nam
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26
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Potent anti-melanogenic activity and favorable toxicity profile of selected 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins in the zebrafish model and the computational molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6286-6296. [PMID: 29042224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (7C) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (5,7C) have been evaluated as potential anti-melanogenic agents in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model in comparison to commercially utilized depigmenting agents hydroquinone and kojic acid. 7C and 5,7C decreased the body pigmentation at 5 µg/mL, while did not affect the embryos development and survival at doses ≤50 µg/mL and ≤25 µg/mL. Unlike hydroquinone and kojic acid, 4-phenyl hydroxycoumarins were no melanocytotoxic, showed no cardiotoxic side effects, neither caused neutropenia in zebrafish embryos, suggesting these compounds may present novel skin-whitening agents with improved pharmacological properties. Inhibition of tyrosinase was identified as the possible mode of anti-melanogenic action. Molecular docking studies using the homology model of human tyrosinase as well as adenylate cyclase revealed excellent correlation with experimentally obtained results.
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27
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Jo H, Choi M, Sim J, Viji M, Li S, Lee YH, Kim Y, Seo SY, Zhou Y, Lee K, Kim WJ, Hong JT, Lee H, Jung JK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of caffeic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3374-3377. [PMID: 28619537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have disclosed our effort to develop caffeic acid derivatives as potent and non-toxic inhibitors of α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis to treat pigmentation disorders and skin medication including a cosmetic skin-whitening agent. The SAR studies revealed that cyclohexyl ester and secondary amide derivatives of caffeic acid showed significant inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeju Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeuk Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayavan Viji
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- College of Medicines, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea.
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