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Esteves SM, Jadoul A, Iacono F, Schloesser M, Bosman B, Carnol M, Druet T, Cardol P, Hanikenne M. Natural variation of nutrient homeostasis among laboratory and field strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5198-5217. [PMID: 37235689 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation among individuals and populations exists in all species, playing key roles in response to environmental stress and adaptation. Micro- and macronutrients have a wide range of functions in photosynthetic organisms, and mineral nutrition thus plays a sizable role in biomass production. To maintain nutrient concentrations inside the cell within physiological limits and prevent the detrimental effects of deficiency or excess, complex homeostatic networks have evolved in photosynthetic cells. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a unicellular eukaryotic model for studying such mechanisms. In this work, 24 Chlamydomonas strains, comprising field isolates and laboratory strains, were examined for intraspecific differences in nutrient homeostasis. Growth and mineral content were quantified in mixotrophy, as full nutrition control, and compared with autotrophy and nine deficiency conditions for macronutrients (-Ca, -Mg, -N, -P, and -S) and micronutrients (-Cu, -Fe, -Mn, and -Zn). Growth differences among strains were relatively limited. However, similar growth was accompanied by highly divergent mineral accumulation among strains. The expression of nutrient status marker genes and photosynthesis were scored in pairs of contrasting field strains, revealing distinct transcriptional regulation and nutrient requirements. Leveraging this natural variation should enable a better understanding of nutrient homeostasis in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Esteves
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Iacono
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Schloesser
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Druet
- Unit of Animal Genomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Belgium
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Li C, Li P, Fu H, Chen J, Ye M, Zhai S, Hu F, Zhang C, Ge Y, Fortin C. A comparative study of the accumulation and detoxification of copper and zinc in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: The role of extracellular polymeric substances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161995. [PMID: 36739008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form an interface between microalgae and the surrounding water environment. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients but may negatively affect microbial growth when their concentrations reach toxic thresholds. However, how EPS affect the accumulation and resistance of Cu and Zn in microalgae remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated EPS production upon Cu/Zn exposure and compared the tolerance strategies to the two metals by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with and without EPS. Microalgal EPS synthesis was induced by Cu/Zn treatments, and the functional groups of polysaccharides and proteins were involved in complexation with metal ions. The extraction of EPS aggravated the toxicity and reduced the removal of metals from solution, but the effect was more pronounced for Cu than for Zn. Copper bound on the cell surface accounted for 54.6 ± 2.0 % of the Cu accumulated by C. reinhardtii, whose EPS components strongly correlated with Cu adsorption. In contrast, 74.3 ± 3.0 % of accumulated Zn was absorbed in cells, and glutathione synthesis was significantly induced. Redundancy and linear correlation analyses showed that the polysaccharide, protein and DNA contents in EPS were significantly correlated with Cu accumulation, absorption and adsorption but not with Zn. Data fitted to a Michaelis-Menten model further showed that the EPS-intact cells had higher binding capacity for Cu2+ but not for Zn2+. These differential impacts of EPS on Cu/Zn sorption and detoxification contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of microalgal EPS in the biogeochemical cycle of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peihuan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongxuan Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Menglei Ye
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Suhua Zhai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fan Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Claude Fortin
- EcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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Zhang B, Tang Y, Yu F, Peng Z, Yao S, Deng X, Long H, Wang X, Huang K. Translatomics and physiological analyses of the detoxification mechanism of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130990. [PMID: 36860060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants found in aquatic ecosystems. Although gene expression in algae exposed to Cd has been studied at the transcriptional level, little is known about Cd impacts at the translational level. Ribosome profiling is a novel translatomics method that can directly monitor RNA translation in vivo. Here, we analyzed the translatome of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following treatment with Cd to identify the cellular and physiological responses to Cd stress. Interestingly, we found that the cell morphology and cell wall structure were altered, and starch and high-electron-density particles accumulated in the cytoplasm. Several ATP-binding cassette transporters that responded to Cd exposure were identified. Redox homeostasis was adjusted to adapt to Cd toxicity, and GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (VTC2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX5), and ascorbate were found to play important roles in maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Moreover, we found that the key enzyme of flavonoid metabolism, i.e., hydroxyisoflavone reductase (IFR1), is also involved in the detoxification of Cd. Thus, in this study, translatome and physiological analyses provided a complete picture of the molecular mechanisms of green algae cell responses to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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Xu L, Zhao Z, Yan Z, Zhou G, Zhang W, Wang Y, Li X. Defense pathways of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under silver nanoparticle stress: Extracellular biosorption, internalization and antioxidant genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132764. [PMID: 34752836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been investigated the toxic effects of silver nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) on algae; however, little attention has been paid to the defense pathways of algae cells to Ag-NPs. In the study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) was selected as a model organism to investigate the defense mechanisms to Ag-NPs exposure. The results showed that exopolysaccharide and protein in bound-extracellular polymeric substances significantly increased under Ag-NPs stress. These metal-binding groups including C-O-C (exopolysaccharide), CH3/CH2 (proteins), O-H/N-H (hydroxyl group) and C-H (alkyl groups) played a key role in extracellular biosorption. The internalized or strongly bound Ag (1.90%-17.45% of total contents) was higher than the loosely surface biosorption (0.31%-1.79%). The accumulation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG), together with the decline of reduced glutathione/GSSG (GSH/GSSG) ratio in C. reinhardtii cells, indicated a significant oxidative stress caused by exposure of Ag-NPs. The increasing phytochelatin accompanied with the decreasing GSH level indicated a critical role to intracellular detoxification of Ag. Furthermore, upregulation of antioxidant genes (MSOD, QTOX2, CAT1, GPX2, APX and VTE3) can cope with oxidative stress of Ag-NPs or Ag+. The up-regulation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) genes and the reduction in GSH contents showed that the toxicity of Ag-NPs could be mediated by an intracellular ascorbate-GSH defense pathway. These findings can provide valuable information on ecotoxicity of Ag-NPs, potential bioremediation and adaptation capabilities of algal cells to Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhilin Zhao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Physiological and Gene Expression Responses of Six Annual Ryegrass Cultivars to Cobalt, Lead, and Nickel Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413583. [PMID: 34948380 PMCID: PMC8704220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals negatively affect soil quality and crop growth. In this study, we compared the tolerance of six ryegrass cultivars to cobalt (Co2+), lead (Pb2+), and nickel (Ni2+) stresses by analyzing their physiological indexes and transcript levels of genes encoding metal transporters. Compared with the other cultivars, the cultivar Lm1 showed higher germination rates and better growth under Co2+, Pb2+, or Ni2+ treatments. After 48 h of Co2+ treatment, the total antioxidant capacity of all six ryegrass cultivars was significantly increased, especially that of Lm1. In contrast, under Pb2+ stress, total antioxidant capacity of five cultivars was significantly decreased, but that of Lm1 was unaffected at 24 h. Staining with Evans blue dye showed that the roots of Lm1 were less injured than were roots of the other five ryegrass cultivars by Co2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+. Lm1 translocated and accumulated lesser Co2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ than other cultivars. In Lm1, genes encoding heavy metal transporters were differentially expressed between the shoots and roots in response to Co2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+. The aim of these researches could help find potential resource for phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination soil. The identified genes related to resistance will be useful targets for molecular breeding.
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Yang F, Gao Y, Liu J, Chen Z, de Dios VR, Gao Q, Zhang M, Peng Z, Yao Y. Metal tolerance protein MTP6 is involved in Mn and Co distribution in poplar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112868. [PMID: 34619477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the booming demand of the electric vehicle industry, the concentration of manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) flowing into land ecosystems has also increased significantly. While these transition metals can promote the growth and development of plants, they may become toxic under high concentrations. It is thus important to understand how Mn and Co are distributed in plants to develop novel germplasms for the remediation of these heavy metals in contaminated soils. Here, an MTP gene that encodes the CDF (cation diffusion facilitator) protein in Populus trichocarpa, PtrMTP6, was screened as the key gene involved in the distribution of both Mn and Co in poplar. The PtrMTP6-GFP fusion protein was co-localized with the mRFP-VSR2, showing that PtrMTP6 proteins are present at the pre-vacuolar compartment (PVC). Yeast mutant complementation assays further identified that PtrMTP6 serves as a Mn and Co transporter, reducing yeast cell toxicity after exposure to excessive Mn or Co. Histochemical analyses showed that PtrMTP6 was mainly expressed in phloem, suggesting that PtrMTP6 probably involved in the Mn and Co transport via phloem in plants. Under excess Co, PtrMTP6 overexpressing poplar lines were more severely damaged than the control due to higher Co accumulations in young tissue. PtrMTP6 overexpressing lines showed little change in their tolerance to excess Mn, although young tissues also accumulated more Mn. PtrMTP6 play important roles in Mn and Co distribution in poplar and further research on its regulation will be important to increase bioremediation in Mn and Co polluted ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhuoxi Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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Ibuot A, Dean AP, Pittman JK. Multi-genomic analysis of the cation diffusion facilitator transporters from algae. Metallomics 2020; 12:617-630. [PMID: 32195517 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal transport processes are relatively poorly understood in algae in comparison to higher plants and other eukaryotes. A screen of genomes from 33 taxonomically diverse algal species was conducted to identify members of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family of metal ion transporter. All algal genomes contained at least one CDF gene with four species having >10 CDF genes (median of 5 genes per genome), further confirming that this is a ubiquitous gene family. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a CDF gene organisation of five groups, which includes Zn-CDF, Fe/Zn-CDF and Mn-CDF groups, consistent with previous phylogenetic analyses, and two functionally undefined groups. One of these undefined groups was algal specific although excluded chlorophyte and rhodophyte sequences. The majority of sequences (22 out of 26 sequences) from this group had a putative ion binding site motif within transmembrane domain 2 and 5 that was distinct from other CDF proteins, such that alanine or serine replaced the conserved histidine residue. The phylogenetic grouping was supported by sequence cluster analysis. Yeast heterologous expression of CDF proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicated Zn2+ and Co2+ transport function by CrMTP1, and Mn2+ transport function by CrMTP2, CrMTP3 and CrMTP4, which validated the phylogenetic prediction. However, the Mn-CDF protein CrMTP3 was also able to provide zinc and cobalt tolerance to the Zn- and Co-sensitive zrc1 cot1 yeast strain. There is wide diversity of CDF transporters within the algae lineage, and some of these genes may be attractive targets for future applications of metal content engineering in plants or microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniefon Ibuot
- Department of Science Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1200 Ikot Ekpene, Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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