1
|
Kwon SJ, Kim YS, Tak J, Lee SG, Lee EB, Kim SG. Hepatic Gα13 ablation shifts region-specific colonic inflammatory status by modulating the bile acid synthetic pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19580. [PMID: 39179591 PMCID: PMC11344048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is defined by inflammation and immune dysregulation. This study investigated the effects of Gα13 liver-specific knockout (LKO) on proximal and distal colons of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice in conjunction with a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD improved body weight gain and disease activity index scores. Gα13LKO exerted no improvement. In the proximal colon, HFD augmented the DSS effect on Il6, which was not observed in Gα13LKO mice. In the distal colon, HFD plus DSS oppositely fortified an increase in Tnfa and Cxcl10 mRNA in Gα13LKO but not WT. Il6 levels remained unchanged. Bioinformatic approaches using Gα13LKO livers displayed bile acid and cholesterol metabolism-related gene sets. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid levels were increased in the liver of mice treated with DSS, which was reversed by Gα13LKO. Notably, mice treated with DSS showed a reduction in hepatic ABCB11, CYP7B1, CYP7A1, and CYP8B1, which was reversed by Gα13LKO. Overall, feeding HFD augments the effect of DSS on Il6 in the proximal colon of WT, but not Gα13LKO mice, and enhances DSS effect on Tnfa and Cxcl10 in the distal colon of Gα13LKO mice, suggesting site-specific changes in the inflammatory cytokines, potentially resulting from changes in BA synthesis and excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jae Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Tak
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Research and Development Institute, A Pharma Inc., Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Byul Lee
- Research and Development Institute, A Pharma Inc., Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hawryłkowicz V, Stasiewicz B, Maciejewska D, Sołek-Pastuszka J, Komorniak N, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Martynova-Van Kley A, Stachowska E. The Link between Inflammation, Lipid Derivatives, and Microbiota Metabolites in COVID-19 Patients: Implications on Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7899. [PMID: 39063142 PMCID: PMC11276903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme inflammation that continues even after infections can lead to a cytokine storm. In recent times, one of the most common causes of cytokine storm activation has been SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cytokine storm leads to dysregulation and excessive stimulation of the immune system, producing symptoms typical of post-COVID syndrome, including chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, joint pain, trouble concentrating (known as "brain fog"), and even direct organ damage in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. This work summarizes the current knowledge regarding inflammation and the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, changes in lipid metabolism and microbiota composition under the influence of inflammation in COVID-19, along with the possible underlying mechanisms, are described. Finally, this text explores potential health implications related to changes in eating behaviors and nutritional status in COVID-19 patients. Although research on the cytokine storm is still ongoing, there is convincing evidence suggesting that severe immune and inflammatory responses during the acute phase of COVID-19 may lead to long-term health consequences. Understanding these links is key to developing treatment strategies and supporting patients after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hawryłkowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (V.H.); (D.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Beata Stasiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (V.H.); (D.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Joanna Sołek-Pastuszka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Natalia Komorniak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (V.H.); (D.M.); (N.K.)
| | | | | | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (V.H.); (D.M.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu J, Zhao C, Zhao P, Mu M, Li X, Zheng J, Sun X. FXR controls duodenogastric reflux-induced gastric inflammation through negatively regulating ER stress-associated TNXIP/NLPR3 inflammasome. iScience 2024; 27:109118. [PMID: 38439955 PMCID: PMC10909759 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is closely associated with gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, the precise mechanism is unclear. Hence, we aim to clarify this molecular mechanism and design an effective therapeutic strategy based on it. The present study found that DGR induced TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and triggered pyroptosis in gastric mucosa in vitro and in vivo, in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling was involved. Mechanistically, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonized the DGR-induced PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway and reduced TXNIP and NLRP3 expression. Moreover, FXR suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation by physically interacting with NLRP3 and caspase-1. Administration of the FXR agonist OCA protected the gastric mucosa from DGR-induced barrier disruption and mucosal inflammation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the involvement of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in DGR-induced gastric inflammation. FXR antagonizes gastric barrier disruption and mucosal inflammation induced by DGR. Restoration of FXR activity may be a therapeutic strategy for DGR-associated gastric tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chenye Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mingchao Mu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng X, Xu X, Liu M, Yang J, Yuan M, Sun C, Zhou Q, Chen J, Liu B. Bile acid and short chain fatty acid metabolism of gut microbiota mediate high-fat diet induced intestinal barrier damage in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109376. [PMID: 38218421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The limited tolerance of crustacean tissue physiology to a high-fat diet has captured the attention of researchers. Yet, investigations into the physiological response mechanisms of the crustacean intestinal barrier system to a high-fat diet are progressing slowly. Elucidating potential physiological mechanisms and determining the precise regulatory targets would be of great physiological and nutritional significance. This study established a high-fat diet-induced intestinal barrier damage model in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and systematically investigated the functions of gut microbiota and its functional metabolites. The study achieved this by monitoring phenotypic indicators, conducting 16S rDNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics, and in vitro anaerobic fermentation of intestinal contents. Feeding prawns with control and high-fat diets for 8 weeks, the lipid level of 7 % in the CON diet and 12 % in the HF diet. Results showed that high-fat intake impaired the intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal barrier structure, and permeability of M. rosenbergii, activated the tight junction signaling pathway inhibiting factor NF-κB transcription factor Relish/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and suppressed the expression of downstream tight junction proteins zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Claudin. High-fat intake resulted in a significant increase in abundance of Aeromonas, Enterobacter, and Clostridium sensu stricto 3 genera, while Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 genera were significantly decreased. Targeted metabolomics results of bile acids and short-chain fatty acids in intestinal contents and in vitro anaerobic fermentation products showed a marked rise in the abundance of DCA, 12-KetoLCA, 7,12-diketoLCA, and Isovaleric acid, and a significant reduction in the abundance of HDCA, CDCA, and Acetate in the HF group. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a substantial correlation between various genera (Clostridium sensu stricto 3, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides) and secondary metabolites (DCA, HDCA, 12-KetoLCA, Acetate), and the latter was significantly correlated with intestinal barrier function related genes (Relish, ZO-1, MLCK, vitamin D receptor, and ecdysone receptor). These findings indicate that gut microorganisms and their specific bile acids and short-chain fatty acid secondary metabolites play a crucial role in the process of high-fat-induced intestinal barrier damage of M. rosenbergii. Moreover, identifying and targeting these factors could facilitate precise regulation of high-fat nutrition for crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodi Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Li Y, Tang R, Yang P, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Fang Z, Zhao X, Li H, Yang M, Feng B, Wu D, Hua L. Bile acids metabolism in the gut-liver axis mediates liver injury during lactation. Life Sci 2024; 338:122380. [PMID: 38142738 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The obesity epidemic, especially in pregnant women, linked to a higher risk of liver diseases. Bile acids (BAs) are known to participate in liver metabolism, but this function during obesogenic reproductive process remains largely uncertain. The study aims to identify whether a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy negatively disturbs liver metabolism and the potential role of BAs and gut microbiota (GM)in a sow model. MAIN METHODS Reproductive (RP) or non-reproductive (NRP) sows were fed a 15 % HFD containing compound oil. Body condition, blood parameters, and BAs levels/profile during gestation and lactation were monitored. The tissues and colonic GM were collected after euthanasia at the end of lactation. HepG2 hepatocytes were used to test the effects of BAs on liver damage and the mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Reproductive sows fed an HFD (HF-RP) experienced increased weight loss, and elevated plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during lactation, consistent with exacerbated lipolysis, aggravating the risk of liver damage. HF-RP sows exhibited an enlarged BAs pool size and alterations in composition (higher levels of CDCA and LCA species) along with a drastic change in the GM (increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and declined Lactobacillus abundance). Furthermore, the liver FXR-SHP pathway, BAs synthesis and transport underwent adaptive regulation to sustain the BAs homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism. CDCA alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by palmitic acid via FXR pathway, in HepG2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Lactation BAs metabolism signal in gut-liver axis coordinated the risk of liver damage induced by exacerbated lipolysis in obesogenic pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Pu Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xilun Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Pet Nutrition and Health Research Center, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bourragat A, Escoula Q, Bellenger S, Zemb O, Beaumont M, Chaumonnot K, Farine JP, Jacotot E, Bonnotte A, Avoscan L, Lherminier J, Luo K, Narce M, Bellenger J. The transplantation of the gut microbiome of fat-1 mice protects against colonic mucus layer disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by high fat diet. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356270. [PMID: 38797998 PMCID: PMC11135845 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets alter gut barrier integrity, leading to endotoxemia by impacting epithelial functions and inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory goblet cells. Indeed, ER stress, which is an important contributor to many chronic diseases such as obesity and obesity-related disorders, leads to altered synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. In the present study, we investigated the relative contribution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs)-modified microbiota to alleviating alterations in intestinal mucus layer thickness and preserving gut barrier integrity. Male fat-1 transgenic mice (exhibiting endogenous omega-3 PUFAs tissue enrichment) and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed either an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet. Unlike WT mice, HFD-fed fat-1 mice were protected against mucus layer alterations as well as an ER stress-mediated decrease in mucin expression. Moreover, cecal microbiota transferred from fat-1 to WT mice prevented changes in the colonic mucus layer mainly through colonic ER stress downregulation. These findings highlight a novel feature of the preventive effects of omega-3 fatty acids against intestinal permeability in obesity-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bourragat
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Valorex, La Messayais, Combourtillé, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Farine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacotot
- L’Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Bonnotte
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Laure Avoscan
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanine Lherminier
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Kangjia Luo
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Narce
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao C, Gou X, Tian C, Zhou L, Hao R, Wan L, Wang Z, Li M, Tong X. Key regulators of intestinal stem cells: diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:735-746. [PMID: 36566949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiome play an important role in human health and disease development. It is well known that such interactions, whether direct or indirect, trigger a series of metabolic reactions in the body. Evidence suggests that intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which are phenotypic precursors of various intestinal epithelial cells, play a significant role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. The advent and evolution of intestinal organoid culture techniques have presented a key opportunity to study the association between the intestinal microenvironment and ISCs. As a result, the effects exerted by dietary factors, intestinal microbiomes, and their metabolites on the metabolic regulation of ISCs and the potential mechanisms underlying such effects are being gradually revealed. This review summarises the effects of different dietary patterns on the behaviour and functioning of ISCs and focuses on the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, related metabolites, and ISCs, with the aim of fully understanding the relationship between these three factors and providing further insights into the complex mechanisms associated with ISCs in the human body. Gaining an understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the development of novel dietary interventions or drugs conducive to intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chensi Yao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chuanxi Tian
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Wan
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130017, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi L, Jin L, Huang W. Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1888. [PMID: 37508557 PMCID: PMC10377837 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a precisely regulated semi-permeable physiological structure that absorbs nutrients and protects the internal environment from infiltration of pathological molecules and microorganisms. Bile acids are small molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, secreted into the duodenum, and transformed to secondary or tertiary bile acids by the gut microbiota. Bile acids interact with bile acid receptors (BARs) or gut microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent studies on bile acid disorder associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and related diseases. We focus on the roles of bile acids, BARs, and gut microbiota in triggering intestinal barrier dysfunction. Insights for the future prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction and related diseases are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Shi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ju J, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang Q, Yin P, Sun X. Deoxycholic acid exacerbates intestinal inflammation by modulating interleukin-1 β expression and tuft cell proportion in dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14842. [PMID: 36819995 PMCID: PMC9938654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. However, intestinal metabolism is known to be critical in the pathogenesis of IBD. Bile acid is one of the main intestinal metabolites, and its role in the pathogenesis of IBD is worthy of investigation. This study investigated the role of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a bile acid, in the pathogenesis of IBD. Methods Peripheral serum metabolomics, fecal metabolomics, and microbiome analyses were performed on patients with IBD and healthy controls. Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence analysis were used to evaluate cytokines in the inflamed colonic mucosa and immune cells and tuft cells in the intestine of mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Results In total, 156 patients with IBD and 58 healthy controls were enrolled. DCA levels in the serum and feces of patients with IBD were significantly decreased compared to the controls. This decrease was associated with a decrease in the abundance of intestinal flora, including Firmicutes, Clostridia, Ruminnococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the serum of patients with active Crohn's disease were significantly increased compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, in DCA-treated DSS-induced mice, the expression of IL-1β and the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells increased while the number of intestinal tuft cells decreased, compared with the DSS group. Conclusion In IBD patients, the decreased DCA levels in serum and fecal samples are associated with disturbances in gut microflora diversity and abundance. Possible mechanisms by which DCA affects immunity in DSS-induced murine colitis include increasing IL-1β secretion, reducing the number of tuft cells in the mucosa, and activating CD4+ and CD3+ T cells to exaggerate immune responses, consequently worsening intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ju
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaolan Yang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglu Yang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyun Yin
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Gastroenterology Department, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han P, Yu Y, Zhang L, Ruan Z. Citrus peel ameliorates mucus barrier damage in HFD-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109206. [PMID: 36370925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel is rich in bioactive components, especially polyphenols, which are considered to have great potential in the prevention of intestinal diseases. The intestinal mucus barrier is the first defense against the invasion of foreign substances. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility and mechanism of citrus peel in alleviating the mucus barrier damage in high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. We found that citrus peel powder (CPP) supplementation effectively reduced body weight, fat weight, intestinal permeability, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice. In particular, CPP increased the number of goblet cells, the protein expression of Mucin-2 (Muc2), and the thickness of the mucus layer, thereby strengthening the colonic mucus barrier function. Moreover, CPP supplementation also reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) proteins (GRP78 and CHOP) and increased the expression of T-synthase (O-glycosylation rate-limiting enzyme) and its chaperone protein (Cosmc) in the colon of HFD-fed mice, which suggested that CPP could improve the abnormal protein folding and O-glycosylation of Muc2 during processing and modification. In summary, our study indicates that CPP plays an effective role in relieving mucus barrier damage by improving the production and properties of Muc2, providing new perspectives on the development of CPP as a dietary supplement for strengthening the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Yujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China.
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intestinal Stem Cells Damaged by Deoxycholic Acid via AHR Pathway Contributes to Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction in High-Fat Feeding Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415578. [PMID: 36555220 PMCID: PMC9779098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat exposure leads to impaired intestinal barrier function by disrupting the function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs); however, the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is still not known. We hypothesize that high concentrations of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) affect aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling in ISCs and the intestinal barrier. For this purpose, C57BL/6J mice feeding on a low-fat diet (LFD), an HFD, an HFD with the bile acid binder cholestyramine, and a LFD with the DCA were studied. We found that high-fat feeding induced an increase in faecal DCA concentrations. An HFD or DCA diet disrupted the differentiation function of ISCs by downregulating AHR signalling, which resulted in decreased goblet cells (GCs) and MUC2, and these changes were reversed by cholestyramine. In vitro experiments showed that DCA downregulated the differentiation function of ISCs, which was reversed by the AHR agonist 6-formylindolo [3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Mechanistically, DCA caused a reduction in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in Paneth cells, resulting in paracrine deficiency of the AHR ligand kynurenine in crypts. We demonstrated for the first time that DCA disrupts intestinal mucosal barrier function by interfering with AHR signalling in ISCs. Supplementation with AHR ligands may be a new therapeutic target for HFD-related impaired intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernández-Flores TDJ, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Ruíz-Carrillo JD, Méndez-Clemente AS, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutiérrez L. Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12324. [PMID: 36293182 PMCID: PMC9604189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Ruíz-Carrillo
- Clínica Medicina Familiar 1 del ISSSTE “Dr. Arturo González Guzmán”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Alonso Martínez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Iñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen L, Jiao T, Liu W, Luo Y, Wang J, Guo X, Tong X, Lin Z, Sun C, Wang K, He Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Zuo J, Ding Q, He S, Gonzalez FJ, Xie C. Hepatic cytochrome P450 8B1 and cholic acid potentiate intestinal epithelial injury in colitis by suppressing intestinal stem cell renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1366-1381.e9. [PMID: 36055192 PMCID: PMC10673678 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although disrupted bile acid (BA) homeostasis is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of hepatic BA metabolism in the pathogenesis of colitis is poorly understood. Here, we found that cholic acid (CA) levels were increased in patients and mice. Cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1), which synthesizes CA, was induced in livers of colitic mice. CA-treated or liver Cyp8b1-overexpressing mice developed more severe colitis with compromised repair of the mucosal barrier, whereas Cyp8b1-knockout mice were resistant to colitis. Mechanistically, CA inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), resulting in impeded fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and impaired Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell (ISC) renewal. A PPARα agonist restored FAO and improved Lgr5+ ISC function. Activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) suppressed liver CYP8B1 expression and ameliorated colitis in mice. This study reveals a connection between the hepatic CYP8B1-CA axis and colitis via regulating intestinal epithelial regeneration, suggesting that BA-based strategies might be beneficial in IBD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tingying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zemin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Kanglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifan He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hualing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu G, Tao J, Lu J, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Zhang R, Wang J. Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status and Alleviates Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis in the Intestine of Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050872. [PMID: 35624736 PMCID: PMC9137696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan can alleviate stress and improve intestinal health, but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effects of tryptophan supplementation on antioxidant status, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-two weaning piglets were allotted to four treatments including: non-challenged control, LPS-challenged control, LPS + 0.2% tryptophan and LPS + 0.4% tryptophan. On day 35 of feeding, piglets were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg of body weight LPS or saline. Among the LPS-challenged pigs, tryptophan supplementation improved intestinal morphology as indicated by greater villus height, villus area and smaller crypt depth, and antioxidant status, and decreased the mRNA expression and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, tryptophan downregulated the expression of ER stress (ER oxidoreductase-1α, ER oxidoreductase-1β, glucose-regulated protein-78, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP homologous protein), apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL2-associated X protein, caspase 3), and pyroptosis signaling pathway (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, caspase 1, gasdermin-D, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). Collectively, tryptophan supplementation can contribute to gut health by improving antioxidant status and alleviating inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in the intestine of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jingyuan Tao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.T.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (X.C.); (G.T.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Zhang Q, Xia J, Sun H. Moderate Treadmill Exercise Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Intestinal Barrier in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice via the AMPK/CDX2 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:209-223. [PMID: 35087282 PMCID: PMC8789310 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate treadmill exercise on gut microbiota, expression of proteins associated with gut barrier and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their role in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into standard chow diet control group (SD + Sed, n=6), chow diet exercise group (SD + Exe, n=6), high-fat diet control group (HFD + Sed, n=6) and high-fat diet exercise group (HFD + Exe, n=6). Exercise groups were trained on a motorized treadmill for 45 min/d at running speeds of 12 m/min, 5 days/week, for 12 consecutive weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose of the mice were recorded before euthanasia. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and the alteration of adipose mass, colonic histopathology, gut microbiome and gut barrier-related molecules were tested. RESULTS It was found that the moderate treadmill exercise prevented the development of adiposity and hyperglycemia and effectively improved the loss of diversity and the relative abundance of intestinal microflora induced by high-fat diet. Moreover, regular exercise reversed the intestinal pathology and elevated the number of goblet cells in obesity. Besides, compared with the sedentary obese mice, the protein expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin were enhanced and AMPK/CDX2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in obese mice that underwent exercise. CONCLUSION Long-term moderate treadmill exercise can markedly reduce the degree of obesity, modulate the colonic gut microbiota, and effectively activating AMPK/CDX2 signaling pathway to improve intestinal barrier in obese mice induced by high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu J, Huang D, Xu X, Wu X, Liu L, Niu W, Lu L, Zhou H. An elevated deoxycholic acid level induced by high-fat feeding damages intestinal stem cells by reducing the ileal IL-22. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:153-160. [PMID: 34601200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) destroys the intestinal mucosal barrier by damaging intestinal stem cells (ISCs). A HFD can increase the concentration of intestinal deoxycholic acid (DCA) and decrease the secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which plays an important role in the proliferation, repair and regeneration of ISCs. We hypothesized that increased level of intestinal DCA induced by a HFD leads to ISC dysfunction by reducing the IL-22 levels in intestinal tissues. In this study, 2 weeks of a DCA diet or a HFD damaged ileal ISC and its proliferation and differentiation, resulting in a decrease in Paneth cells and goblet cells. Importantly, 2 weeks of a DCA diet or a HFD also reduced ileal IL-22 concentration, accompanied by a decreased number of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in ileal mucosa, which produce IL-22 after intestinal injury. Concurrent feeding with bile acid binder cholestyramine prevented all these changes induced by a HFD. In addition, in vitro study further confirmed that exogenous IL-22 reversed the decline in the proliferation and differentiation of ileal ISCs induced by DCA stimulation. Collectively, these results revealed that the decrease in intestinal IL-22 induced by DCA may be a novel mechanism by which HFD damages ISCs. The administration of IL-22 or a bile acid binder may provide novel therapeutic targets for the metabolic syndrome caused by a HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlu Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim S, Choi S, Dutta M, Asubonteng JO, Polunas M, Goedken M, Gonzalez FJ, Cui JY, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114698. [PMID: 34303710 PMCID: PMC9135326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease due to the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor known for trans-activating liver genes involved in drug metabolism and transport, and more recently implicated in energy metabolism. The gut microbiota can modulate the host xenobiotic biotransformation and contribute to the development of obesity. While the male sex confers a higher risk for NAFLD than women before menopause, the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that the presence of PXR promotes obesity by modifying the gut-liver axis in a sex-specific manner. Male and female C57BL/6 (wild-type/WT) and PXR-knockout (PXR-KO) mice were fed control or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16-weeks. Serum parameters, liver histopathology, transcriptomic profiling, 16S-rDNA sequencing, and bile acid (BA) metabolomics were performed. PXR enhanced HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis and inflammation especially in males, accompanied by PXR-dependent up-regulation in hepatic genes involved in microbial response, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer; PXR-dependent increase in intestinal Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio (hallmark of obesity) and the pro-inflammatory Lactobacillus, as well as a decrease in the anti-obese Allobaculum and the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterum, with a PXR-dependent reduction of beneficial BAs in liver. The resistance to NAFLD in females may be explained by PXR-dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory bacteria (Ruminococcus gnavus and Peptococcaceae). In conclusion, PXR exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature, suggesting that gut microbiome may contribute to PXR-mediated exacerbation of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey O Asubonteng
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duan R, Guan X, Huang K, Zhang Y, Li S, Xia J, Shen M. Flavonoids from Whole-Grain Oat Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia via Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7629-7640. [PMID: 34213907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) causes hyperlipidemia, which worsens disturbances in bile acid (BA) metabolism and gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of flavonoids from whole-grain oat (FO) on BA metabolism and gut microbiota in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The experiment results showed that FO improved serum lipid profiles and decreased body weight and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice. Through real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assays, by up-regulating the expression of PPARα, CPT-1, CYP7A1, FXR, TGR5, NTCP, and BSTP, and down-regulating those of SREBP-1c, FAS, and ASBT, FO suppressed lipogenesis, promoted lipolysis and BA synthesis, and efflux to faeces via the FXR pathway. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that FO significantly increased Akkermansia and significantly decreased Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Colidextribacter, and Desulfovibrio. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that these bacteria were strongly correlated with hyperlipidemia-related parameters. Therefore, our results indicated that FO possessed an antihyperlipidemic effect via regulating the gut-liver axis, i.e., BA metabolism and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Duan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ji'an Xia
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin S, Li L, Tao Y, Yu J, Wei S, Liu M, Li J. The Inhibitory Effect of Artesunate on Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629798. [PMID: 33767628 PMCID: PMC7985062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may contribute to the pathogenesis and perpetuation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous studies have shown artesuante (ARS) has the protective effect on experimental UC. Therefore, it can be assumed that ARS can regulate ER stress and its related reactions. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC model in mice was used to testify this hypothesis. The results clearly showed that DSS exposure caused excessive ER stress evidenced by a markedly increase of GRP78 and CHOP expression, and then activated the ER stress sensors PERK, IRE1, ATF6 and their respective signaling pathways, followed by upregulated caspases12 and lowered Bcl-2/Bax ratio. However, ARS treatment significantly inhibited the occurrence of ER stress via preventing the activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathways, concurrently ER-stress-associated apoptosis in colon tissues. Moreover, ARS treatment remarkably inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved the clinical and histopathological alterations as well as maintained the expression of claudin-1 and Muc2 in mucosal layer of colon. Notably, the classic ER stress inhibitor 4-phenyhlbutyric acid enhanced the beneficial effects of ARS; in contrast, the ER stress inducer 2-deoxy-d-glucose substantially abrogated the above-mentioned effects, uncovering the involvement of ER stress in the response. These findings indicated the protection of ARS on UC is associated with its suppressing excessive ER stress mediated intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory response. This study provides a novel aspect to understand the mechanism of ARS against UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Simin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|