1
|
Patra JK, Shin HS, Yang IJ, Nguyen LTH, Das G. Sustainable Utilization of Food Biowaste (Papaya Peel) Extract for Gold Nanoparticle Biosynthesis and Investigation of Its Multi-Functional Potentials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:581. [PMID: 38790686 PMCID: PMC11118099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Papaya contains high amounts of vitamins A, C, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid, potassium, and carotenoids. It is confirmed by several studies that all food waste parts such as the fruit peels, seeds, and leaves of papaya are potential sources of phenolic compounds, particularly in the peel. Considering the presence of numerous bioactive compounds in papaya fruit peels, the current study reports a rapid, cheap, and environmentally friendly method for the production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) employing food biowaste (vegetable papaya peel extract (VPPE)) and investigated its antioxidant, antidiabetic, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and photocatalytic degradation potentials. The phytochemical analysis gave positive results for tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac steroidal glycoside, protein, and carbohydrates. The manufactured VPPE-AuNPs were studied by UV-Vis scan (with surface plasmon resonance of 552 nm), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) (with average crystallite size of 44.41 nm as per the Scherrer equation), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size, zeta potential, etc. The mean dimension of the manufactured VPPE-AuNPs is 112.2 d.nm (PDI-0.149) with a -26.1 mV zeta potential. The VPPE-AuNPs displayed a significant antioxidant effect (93.24% DPPH scavenging and 74.23% SOD inhibition at 100 µg/mL); moderate tyrosinase effect (with 30.76%); and substantial α-glucosidase (95.63%) and α-amylase effect (50.66%) at 100 µg/mL. Additionally, it was found to be very proficient in the removal of harmful methyl orange and methylene blue dyes with degradation of 34.70% at 3 h and 24.39% at 5 h, respectively. Taken altogether, the VPPE-AuNPs have been proven to possess multiple biopotential activities, which can be explored by the food, cosmetics, and biomedical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (I.-J.Y.); (L.T.H.N.)
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (I.-J.Y.); (L.T.H.N.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeevanandam J, Rodrigues J. Sustainable synthesis of bionanomaterials using non-native plant extracts for maintaining ecological balance: A computational bibliography analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120892. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
|
3
|
Jeevanandam J, Rodrigues J. Sustainable synthesis of bionanomaterials using non-native plant extracts for maintaining ecological balance: A computational bibliography analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120892. [PMID: 38663082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological approaches via biomolecular extracts of bacteria, fungi, or plants have recently been introduced as an alternative approach to synthesizing less or nontoxic nanomaterials, compared to conventional physical and chemical approaches. Among these biological methods, plant-mediated approaches (phytosynthesis) are reported to be highly beneficial for large-scale, nontoxic nanomaterial synthesis. However, plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials using native plant extract can lead to bioprospecting issues and deforestation challenges. On the other hand, non-native or invasive plants are non-indigenous to a particular geographic location that can grow and spread rapidly, ultimately disrupting the local and endogenous plant communities or ecosystems. Thus, controlling or eradicating these non-native plants before they damage the ecosystem is necessary. Even though mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches are available to control non-native plants, all these methods possess certain limitations, such as environmental toxicity, disturbance in the nutrient cycle, and loss of genetic integrity. Therefore, non-native plants were recently proposed as a novel sustainable source of phytochemicals for preparing nanomaterials via green chemistry, mainly metallic nanoparticles, as an alternative to native, agriculture-based, or medicinal plants. This work aims to cover a literature gap on plant-mediated bionanomaterial synthesis with an overview and bibliography analysis of non-native plants via novel data mining and advanced visualization tools. In addition, the potential of non-native plants as a sustainable, green chemistry-based alternative for bionanomaterial preparation for maintaining ecological balance, the mechanism of formation via phytochemicals, and their possible applications to promote their control and spread were also discussed. The bibliography analysis revealed that only an average of 4 articles have been published in the last 10 years (2013-2023) on non-native/invasive plants for nanomaterial synthesis, which shows the significance of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das G, Seo S, Yang IJ, Nguyen LTH, Shin HS, Patra JK. Sericin mediated gold/silver bimetallic nanoparticles and exploration of its multi-therapeutic efficiency and photocatalytic degradation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115935. [PMID: 37080278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed at bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs), here called BM-GS NPs, synthesis using sericin protein as the reducing agent in an easy, cost-effective, and sustainable way. The obtained BM-GS NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric analysis followed by evaluation of its multitherapeutic and photocatalytic degradation potentials. The TEM analysis revealed its spherical nature and the EDS result displayed the presence of both Ag and Au elements, confirming the synthesis of BM-GS NPs. The XRD pattern verified the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles (NPs). The DLS analysis showed an average size of 86.08 d nm and the zeta potential showed a highly negative value (-26.3 mV) which specifies that the generated bimetallic NPs are stable. The BM-GS NPs exhibited positive wound healing potential (with 63.38% of wound closure rate at 25 μg/ml, as compared to 54.42% by the untreated control) with very negligible toxicity effect on the cell viability of the normal keratinocyte cells. It also demonstrated promising antioxidant properties with 65.00%, 69.23%, and 63.03% activity at 100 μg/ml concentration for ABTS (2, 2-azinobis) (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and SOD (superoxide dismutase enzyme) assays respectively, antidiabetic potential (with a significantly high α-glucosidase inhibition potential of 99.69% at 10μg/ml concentration and 62.11% of α-amylase enzyme inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration) and moderate tyrosinase inhibitory potential (with 17.09% at 100 μg/ml concentration). Besides, it displayed reasonable antibacterial potential with the diameter of zone of inhibition ranging between 10.89 and 12.39 mm. Further, its antibacterial mode of action reveals that its effects could be due to being very smaller, the NPs could have penetrated inside the cellular membrane thereby causing rupture and damage to the interior materials leading to cellular lysis. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that synthesized BM-GS NPs have the efficiency of degrading methylene blue dye by 34.70% within 3 h of treatment. The above findings revealed the multi-therapeutic efficacy of the sericin globular protein-mediated BM-GS NPs and its potential future applications in the cosmetics and food sector and environmental contamination management industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - SuJin Seo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sathiyavimal S, Vasantharaj S, Kaliannan T, Garalleh HA, Garaleh M, Brindhadevi K, Chi NTL, Sharma A, Pugazhendhi A. Bio-functionalized copper oxide/chitosan nanocomposite using Sida cordifolia and their efficient properties of antibacterial, anticancer activity against on breast and lung cancer cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114986. [PMID: 36463997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles synthesis from green chemistry method is gaining a lot of attention due to their non-toxic, low cost and facile. In this study, a copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) was synthesized using Sida cordifolia aqueous leaf extract and incorporated chitosan biomolecules to potential enhancing of biological properties. The CuO NPs and chitosan (CS) embedded nanocomposite was noted as CuO-CS nanocomposite, its was physicochemical characterized by using of UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was performed antibacterial efficiency against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli) bacteria through the Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) well diffusion techniques. The highest bactericidal activity was revealed Gram positive of B. subtilis and Gram negative of S. typhi bacteria, respectively. Further, the cytotoxicity effect of biosynthesized nanocomposite was an examined against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and lung cancer A549 cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration is showed at 2 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231and 4 μg/mL was A549 cells. Live/dead cells were detected by fluorescence microscopic observation at the IC50 concentration. In furthermore, bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was performed photocatatlytic dye degradation against for industrial dyes of crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG). From the results, synergic bio-functionalized CuO-CS nanocomposite was suggested potential suitable for biomedical applications as well as industrial wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Sathiyavimal
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Seerangaraj Vasantharaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thamaraiselvi Kaliannan
- Molecular Bioremediation and Nano Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hakim Al Garalleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Garaleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, 66141, Jordan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico.
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jayakodi S, Shanmugam R, Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Mahboob S, Kavipriya MR, Gandusekar R, Nicoletti M, Govindarajan M. Azadirachta indica-wrapped copper oxide nanoparticles as a novel functional material in cardiomyocyte cells: An ecotoxicity assessment on the embryonic development of Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113153. [PMID: 35341753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research reports on the production of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) through the green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica (Ai) flower extract. Synthesized Ai-CuO NPs are characterized by Zeta Potential, TGA, SEM and TEM analysis. The Ai-CuO NPs gave a maximum peak at 270 nm. As per XRD studies, the Ai-CuO NPs obtained were crystalline. FTIR spectrum Ai-CuO NPs showed the presence of functional groups like the O-H group, aromatic group, etc. TEM and SEM assist in investigating the size and morphology of the Ai-CuO NPs, which were spherical and varied in size between 10.11 nm and 17.54 nm. EDAX showed that Ai-CuO NPs were pure with no impurities. The synthesized Ai-CuO NPs were then analyzed for their cytotoxicity at various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μg/mL) against H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells using MTT assay. DOX-induced H9c2 cell damage of apoptosis and ROS. The nanoparticle formed by Ai-CuO was cured with different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL). In zebrafish, 48 hpf and 72 hpf were measured at 75 μM to reduce dysfunction and mortality during organ development. These results can have a beneficial impact on eco-toxicological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhoshkumar Jayakodi
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai, 602105, TN, India
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, TN, India.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M R Kavipriya
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Gandusekar
- Department of Regenerative Medicine &Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok (MUB), Poland
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India; Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Selvam K, Albasher G, Alamri O, Sudhakar C, Selvankumar T, Vijayalakshmi S, Vennila L. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of novel Canthium coromandelicum leaves based copper oxide nanoparticles for the degradation of textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113046. [PMID: 35300965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused to synthesize the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using novel Canthium coromandelicum leaves in a cost-effective, easy, and sustainable approach. The obtained Canthium coromandelicum-copper oxide nanoparticles (CC-CuONPs) were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, FESEM, HR-TEM imaging, and XRD study. The XRD pattern verified the development of crystalline CC-CuONPs with an average size of 33 nm. The biosynthesized CC-CuONPs were roughly spherical, according to HR-TEM and FESEM analyses. FT-IR research verified the existence of functional groups involved in CC-CuONPs production. Cu and O2 have high-energy signals of 78.32% and 12.78%, respectively, according to data from EDX. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that synthesized CC-CuONPs have the efficiency of degrading methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) by 91.32%, 89.35% respectively. The findings showed that biosynthesized CC-CuONPs might effectively remove contaminants in an environmentally acceptable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Selvam
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, 637 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Alamri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chinnappan Sudhakar
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, 637 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangaswamy Selvankumar
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, 637 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Lakshmanan Vennila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of the dopant (silver) inclusion on before and after core metal-oxide reaction: Application on textile dyes removal. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Madhan G, Begam AA, Varsha LV, Ranjithkumar R, Bharathi D. Facile synthesis and characterization of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:259-269. [PMID: 34419540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, chitosan/zinc oxide (CS/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized using Sida acuta and assessed their antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. The formation of CS/ZnO nanocomposite was preliminary confirmed by colour change and UV-visible spectroscopy. The crystalline peaks related to CS and ZnO in CS/ZnO nanocomposite were demonstrated by XRD. Morphological analysis through FE-SEM and TEM showed a rod like appearance for ZnO NPs and agglomerated grains with rod shaped morphology was observed for the CS/ZnO nanocomposite. The peaks around 400-800 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of nanocomposite indicated the vibrations of metal-oxygen (ZnO), whereas bands at 1659 cm-1 and 1546 cm-1 indicated the presence of amine groups, which confirms the CS in the synthesized CS/ZnO nanocomposite. The CS/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited remarkable growth inhibition activity against B. subtilis and E. coli with 22 ± 0.3 and 16.5 ± 0.5 mm zone of inhibitions. In addition, CS/ZnO nanocomposite treated cotton fabrics also exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs and nanocomposite showed time depended photodegradation activity and revealed 76% and 91% decomposition of CR under sunlight irradiation. In conclusion, our study revealed that the functionalization of biopolymer CS to the inorganic ZnO enhances the bio and catalytic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Madhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | - A Ayisha Begam
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | - L Vetri Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | | | - Devaraj Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhattacharya P, Dey A, Neogi S. An insight into the mechanism of antibacterial activity by magnesium oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5329-5339. [PMID: 34143165 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exact mechanism behind the antibacterial efficacy of nanoparticles has remained unexplored to date. This study aims to shed light the mechanism adopted using magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared in ethyl alcohol against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cells, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is proposed to be the dominant mechanism. This paradigm is supported by the quantification of the hydroxyl radical and superoxide anions produced in the nanoparticle treated and untreated bacterial solutions, and by the reduction of the antibacterial efficiency after the addition of a radical scavenger. The production of free Mg2+ ions from the nanoparticle is supposed to be the causative agent behind this uncontrolled ROS generation, resulting in excessive oxidative stress, which the antioxidants of the bacterial cells are unable to nullify, leading to cell damage. The amount of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids leaked due to the distortion of the cellular membrane is also quantified, and it is observed that their leakage trend varies on the structure of the bacterial cell. FESEM images taken at certain time intervals show the gradual internalization of the nanoparticles, and increasing rupture of bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aishee Dey
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Sudarsan Neogi
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|