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Liu S, Yang X, Zhao H, Zhao X, Fan K, Liu G, Li X, Du C, Liu J, Ma J. Cathepsin C exacerbates EAE by promoting the expansion of Tfh cells and the formation of TLSs in the CNS. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 123:123-142. [PMID: 39243987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and characterized by immune cell infiltration, demyelination and neurodegeneration, with no definitive cure available. Thus, it is pivotal and imperative to acquire more profound comprehension of the underlying mechanisms implicated in MS. Dysregulated immune responses are widely believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of MS. Recently, a plethora of studies have demonstrated the involvement of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLSs) in the pathogenesis and progression of MS. Cathepsin C (CatC) is a cysteine exopeptidase which is crucial for the activation of immune-cell-associated serine proteinases in many inflammatory diseases in peripheral system, such as rheumatoid arthritis and septicemia. We have previously demonstrated that CatC is involved in neuroinflammation and exacerbates demyelination in both cuprizone-induced and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. However, the underlying immunopathological mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we established a recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide-induced EAE model using conditional CatC overexpression mice to investigate the effects of CatC on the alteration of CD4+ Th subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and T regulatory cells. Our findings demonstrated that CatC particularly enhanced the population of Tfh cell in the brain, resulting in the earlier onset and more severe chronic syndrome of EAE. Furthermore, CatC promoted the formation of TLSs in the brain, leading to persistent neuroinflammation and exacerbating the severity of EAE in the chronic phase. Conversely, treatment with AZD7986, a specific inhibitor of CatC, effectively attenuated the syndrome of EAE and its effects caused by CatC both in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide a novel insight into the critical role of CatC in innate and adaptive immunity in EAE, and specific inhibitor of CatC, AZD7986, may contribute to potential therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Henan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xinnan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Cong Du
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Li X, Jiang J, Ma Y, Guo S, Zhou J, Li Y. Programmed Cell Death-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration and the Roles of HMOX1 in the Proliferation and Apoptosis were Investigated in Uveal Melanoma. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:785-801. [PMID: 38767825 PMCID: PMC11208274 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary ocular malignancy, with a wide range of symptoms and outcomes. The programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in tumor development, diagnosis, and prognosis. There is still no research on the relationship between PCD-related genes and UVM. A novel PCD-associated prognostic model is urgently needed to improve treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE We aim to screen PCD-related prognostic signature and investigate its proliferation ability and apoptosis in UVM cells. METHODS The clinical information and RNA-seq data of the UVM patients were collected from the TCGA cohort. All the patients were classified using consensus clustering by the selected PCD-related genes. After univariate Cox regression and PPI network analysis, the prognostic PCD-related genes were then submitted to the LASSO regression analysis to build a prognostic model. The level of immune infiltration of 8-PCD signature in high- and low-risk patients was analyzed using xCell. The prediction on chemotherapy and immunotherapy response in UVM patients was assessed by GDSC and TIDE algorithm. CCK-8, western blot and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to explore the roles of HMOX1 in UVM cells. RESULTS A total of 8-PCD signature was constructed and the risk score of the PCD signature was negatively correlated with the overall survival, indicating strong predictive ability and independent prognostic value. The risk score was positively correlated with CD8 Tcm, CD8 Tem and Th2 cells. Immune cells in high-risk group had poorer overall survival. The drug sensitivity demonstrated that cisplatin might impact the progression of UVM and better immunotherapy responsiveness in the high-risk group. Finally, Overespression HMOX1 (OE-HMOX1) decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in UVM cells. Recuse experiment results showed that ferrostatin-1 (fer-1) protected MP65 cells from apoptosis and necrosis caused by OE-HMOX1. CONCLUSION The PCD signature may have a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and drug sensitivity. More importantly, HMOX1 depletion greatly induced tumor cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis and fer-1 protected UVM cells from apoptosis and necrosis induced by OE-HMOX1. This work provides a foundation for effective therapeutic strategy in tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Science and Education, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Junzhi Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China.
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Cheetham CJ, McKelvey MC, McAuley DF, Taggart CC. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5492. [PMID: 38791530 PMCID: PMC11122108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases are critical to the pathology of many inflammatory lung diseases, both chronic and acute. These abundant enzymes play roles in key neutrophil functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species release. They may also be released, inducing tissue damage and loss of tissue function. Historically, the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) have been the main subject of neutrophil protease research. Despite highly promising cell-based and animal model work, clinical trials involving the inhibition of NSPs have shown mixed results in lung disease patients. As such, the cutting edge of neutrophil-derived protease research has shifted to proteases that have had little-to-no research in neutrophils to date. These include the cysteine and serine cathepsins, the metzincins and the calpains, among others. This review aims to outline the previous work carried out on NSPs, including the shortcomings of some of the inhibitor-orientated clinical trials. Our growing understanding of other proteases involved in neutrophil function and neutrophilic lung inflammation will then be discussed. Additionally, the potential of targeting these more obscure neutrophil proteases will be highlighted, as they may represent new targets for inhibitor-based treatments of neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Cheetham
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
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Hsieh CY, Lin YC, Cheng HC, Chang CY, Tu WT, Hsu CK, Tsai TF. Identification of a novel frameshift mutation in cathepsin C gene in a patient with coexisting Papillon-Lefevre syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e410-e412. [PMID: 37983952 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Tu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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McDonald PP, Leifer FG, Basso J, Lasala D, Li D, Chen KJ, Zhang J, Perkins WR, Cipolla DC. Brensocatib (an oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1) attenuates disease progression in two animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231047. [PMID: 37638021 PMCID: PMC10451067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful and incurable disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and a progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. Although current treatments have improved clinical outcomes for some patients, the high relapse rates and sizeable proportion of non-responders emphasize the need for further research. Arthritic joints are massively infiltrated by neutrophils, which influence inflammatory and immune processes by releasing cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, and neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) - all of which are known to contribute to RA initiation and progression. Active NSPs are generated from zymogens at the promyelocytic stage of neutrophil differentiation under the action of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP-1) and DPP-1 knockout mice are resistant to the development of arthritis. Thus, DPP-1 inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach in RA. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a potent and highly selective DPP-1 inhibitor, brensocatib, in two well established RA models - rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and mouse collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). In both models, brensocatib at 3 and 30 mg/kg/day significantly reduced bone marrow NSP levels, in keeping with prior pharmacodynamic studies in rodents. More importantly, brensocatib treatment significantly improved disease score at both dosages in both rodent models. In the mouse CAIA model, brensocatib even proved at least as potent as anti-TNF antibodies in diminishing both the histopathological score and neutrophil infiltration into arthritic joints. Together, these results show that brensocatib alters RA disease progression in rodents and supports the need for its further evaluation as a potential therapeutic option, or to complement existing RA treatments.
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Bourgon C, Albin AS, Ando-Grard O, Da Costa B, Domain R, Korkmaz B, Klonjkowski B, Le Poder S, Meunier N. Neutrophils play a major role in the destruction of the olfactory epithelium during SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:616. [PMID: 36460750 PMCID: PMC9734468 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The loss of smell (anosmia) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Olfaction starts in the olfactory epithelium mainly composed of olfactory sensory neurons surrounded by supporting cells called sustentacular cells. It is now clear that the loss of smell is related to the massive infection by SARS-CoV-2 of the sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium leading to its desquamation. However, the molecular mechanism behind the destabilization of the olfactory epithelium is less clear. Using golden Syrian hamsters infected with an early circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain harboring the D614G mutation in the spike protein; we show here that rather than being related to a first wave of apoptosis as proposed in previous studies, the innate immune cells play a major role in the destruction of the olfactory epithelium. We observed that while apoptosis remains at a low level in the damaged area of the infected epithelium, the latter is invaded by Iba1+ cells, neutrophils and macrophages. By depleting the neutrophil population or blocking the activity of neutrophil elastase-like proteinases, we could reduce the damage induced by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surprisingly, the impairment of neutrophil activity led to a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 infection levels in the olfactory epithelium. Our results indicate a counterproductive role of neutrophils leading to the release of infected cells in the lumen of the nasal cavity and thereby enhanced spreading of the virus in the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bourgon
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Audrey St Albin
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ophélie Ando-Grard
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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An optimized method of extracting and quantifying active Neutrophil serine proteases from human whole blood cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272575. [PMID: 36044421 PMCID: PMC9432755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases. Thus, a robust methodology to monitor and quantify NSPs is important to study disease progression and evaluate the effect of pharmacological interventions. A comparison of the various methods used to extract NSPs from neutrophil granulocytes has not been published, providing the impetus to conduct this method optimization and comparison study.
Methods
Two NSP recovery methodologies were evaluated on samples from five human donors: zymosan stimulation and cell pellet extraction. For the zymosan stimulation method, 1 mL donor blood was added to zymosan and samples were incubated at 37°C for 30 min while shaking. Samples were then centrifuged, and the plasma was collected for quantitation of NSP activity. For the cell pellet extraction procedure, 2 mL whole blood samples were centrifuged into white blood cell pellets following red blood cell lysis. To each pellet, three sequential lysis steps were performed using either 0.05% Nonidet P-40 Substitute (NP40) or 0.02% Triton X-100 lysis buffers under agitation followed by centrifugation. NSP activities were quantified using an exogenous peptide substrate specific to each of the three NSPs being analyzed: neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3.
Results and discussion
The zymosan stimulation method resulted in lower recovery of active NSPs and was unable to stimulate significant release of active cathepsin G. In contrast, the NP40 pellet extraction method showed consistent inter-donor NSP release with greater recoveries of active NSPs than the Triton method or the zymosan stimulation method. Overall, the pellet extraction procedure provided 13.3-fold greater recovery of active neutrophil elastase, 283-fold greater recovery of active cathepsin G, and 2.9-fold greater recovery of active proteinase 3 than the zymosan method.
Conclusion
The NP40 cell pellet extraction method resulted in greater extraction of active NSPs compared to the other methods investigated here, which may allow for a more accurate and complete biomarker profile when evaluating human clinical samples.
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Joyce RP, Hu VW, Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:1637-1646. [PMID: 36060104 PMCID: PMC9425786 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of effective vaccines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been an effective counter measure to decrease hospitalization and the mortality rate in many countries. However, with the risk of mutated strains decreasing the efficacy of the vaccine, there has been an increasing demand for antivirals to treat COVID-19. While antivirals, such as remdesivir, have had some success treating COVID-19 patients in hospital settings, there is a need for orally bioavailable, cost-effective antivirals that can be administered in outpatient settings to minimize COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) is an orally bioavailable Mpro (also called 3CLpro) inhibitor developed by Pfizer. It is administered in combination with ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor that decreases the metabolism of nirmatrelvir. This review seeks to outline the history of the rational design, the target selectivity, synthesis, drug resistance, and future perspectives of nirmatrelvir. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Vivian W. Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Mahore A, Kamboj P, Kaleem M, Amir M. Therapeutic management of arthritis: A review on structural and target‐based approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200182. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mahore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Payal Kamboj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Kaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research New Delhi India
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Chen X, Yan Y, Du J, Shen X, He C, Pan H, Zhu J, Liu X. Non-peptidyl non-covalent cathepsin C inhibitoEEr bearing a unique thiophene-substituted pyridine: Design, structure-activity relationship and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Jewgiński MP, Makowski M, Pawełczak M, Goldeman W, Trojanowska-Laskowska A, Kafarski P, Latajka R. Synthesis of Hybrid Tripeptide Peptidomimetics Containing Dehydroamino Acid and Aminophosphonic Acid in the Chain and Evaluation of Their Activity toward Cathepsin C. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101019. [PMID: 35343636 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new group of hybrid phosphonodehydropeptides composed of glycyl-(Z)-dehydrophenylalanine and structurally variable aminophosphonates alongside with investigations of their activity towards cathepsin C are presented. Obtained results suggest that the introduction of (Z)-dehydrophenylalanine residue into the short phosphonopeptide chain does induce the ordered conformation. Investigated peptides appeared to act as weak or moderate inhibitors of cathepsin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Paweł Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jerke U, Eulenberg-Gustavus C, Rousselle A, Nicklin P, Kreideweiss S, Grundl MA, Eickholz P, Nickles K, Schreiber A, Korkmaz B, Kettritz R. Targeting Cathepsin C in PR3-ANCA Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:936-947. [PMID: 35292437 PMCID: PMC9063889 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ANCA autoantigens proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are exclusively expressed by neutrophils and monocytes. ANCA-mediated activation of these cells is the key driver of the vascular injury process in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are disease mediators. Cathepsin C (CatC) from zymogens activates the proteolytic function of NSPs, including PR3. Lack of NSP zymogen activation results in neutrophils with strongly reduced NSP proteins. METHODS To explore AAV-relevant consequences of blocking NSP zymogen activation by CatC, we used myeloid cells from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, a genetic deficiency of CatC, to assess NSPs and NSP-mediated endothelial cell injury. We also examined pharmacologic CatC inhibition in neutrophil-differentiated human hematopoietic stem cells, primary human umbilical vein cells, and primary glomerular microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome showed strongly reduced NSPs in neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophils from these patients produced a negative PR3-ANCA test, presented less PR3 on the surface of viable and apoptotic cells, and caused significantly less damage in human umbilical vein cells. These findings were recapitulated in human stem cells, in which a highly specific CatC inhibitor, but not prednisolone, reduced NSPs without affecting neutrophil differentiation, reduced membrane PR3, and diminished neutrophil activation upon PR3-ANCA but not MPO-ANCA stimulation. Compared with healthy controls, neutrophils from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome transferred less proteolytically active NSPs to glomerular microvascular endothelial cells, the cell type targeted in ANCA-induced necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Finally, both genetic CatC deficiency and pharmacologic inhibition, but not prednisolone, reduced neutrophil-induced glomerular microvascular endothelial cell damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings may offer encouragement for clinical studies of adjunctive CatC inhibitor in patients with PR3-AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Jerke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Eulenberg-Gustavus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Marc A Grundl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickles
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Lu F, Gong H, Lei H, Li J. Downregulation of cathepsin C alleviates endothelial cell dysfunction by suppressing p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in preeclampsia. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3019-3028. [PMID: 35037834 PMCID: PMC8974117 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2023994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is an essential pathophysiological feature of preeclampsia (PE). It has been reported that cathepsin C is upregulated in the maternal vascular endothelium of PE patients. The excessive activation of p38 MAPK leads to various diseases, including PE. NF-κB pathway can promote uteroplacental dysfunction, endothelial stress and development of PE. Moreover, it has been verified that cathepsin C can activate p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. In the present work, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model of HUVECs was established to discuss the biological functions of cathepsin C in endothelial cell dysfunction and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The correlation between cathepsin C and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in H/R-stimulated HUVECs as well as the effects of cathepsin C and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway on viability, apoptosis, invasion, in vitro angiogenesis of HUVECs and oxidative stress were assessed. The results revealed that H/R injury elevated cathepsin C expression and activated p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in HUVECs and cathepsin C knockdown inhibited the activity of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in H/R-stimulated HUVECs. Downregulation of cathepsin C improved viability, inhibited apoptosis and enhanced invasion of H/R-stimulated HUVECs. In addition, downregulation of cathepsin C alleviated oxidative stress and induced stronger HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, the protective effects of cathepsin C knockdown against endothelial cell dysfunction were reversed by p38 MAPK activator anisomycin. In other words, downregulation of cathepsin C could improve HUVEC viability and enhance anti-apoptotic capacity, anti-oxidative capability, invasive ability, as well as angiogenic potential of H/R-stimulated HUVECs by repressing p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Han Gong
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Houkang Lei
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, Province, China
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14
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Shen XB, Chen X, Zhang ZY, Wu FF, Liu XH. Cathepsin C inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drug discovery: Challenges and opportunities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113818. [PMID: 34492551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin C, an important lysosomal cysteine protease, mediates the maturation process of neutrophil serine proteases, and participates in the inflammation and immune regulation process associated with polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Therefore, cathepsin C is considered to be an attractive target for treating inflammatory diseases. With INS1007 (trade name: brensocatib) being granted a breakthrough drug designation by FDA for the treatment of Adult Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Coronavirus Disease 2019, the development of cathepsin C inhibitor will attract attentions from medicinal chemists in the future soon. Here, we summarized the research results of cathepsin C as a therapeutic target, focusing on the development of cathepsin C inhibitor, and provided guidance and reference opinions for the upcoming development boom of cathepsin C inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bao Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhao Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fu Fang Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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15
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Burster T, Mustafa Z, Myrzakhmetova D, Zhanapiya A, Zimecki M. Hindrance of the Proteolytic Activity of Neutrophil-Derived Serine Proteases by Serine Protease Inhibitors as a Management of Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Inflammation. Front Chem 2021; 9:784003. [PMID: 34869231 PMCID: PMC8634265 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.784003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation neutrophils become activated and segregate neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) to the surrounding environment in order to support a natural immune defense. However, an excess of proteolytic activity of NSPs can cause many complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders, which will be elucidated on a biochemical and immunological level. The application of selective serine protease inhibitors is the logical consequence in the management of the indicated comorbidities and will be summarized in this briefing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhadyra Mustafa
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Myrzakhmetova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Michal Zimecki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Korkmaz B, Lamort AS, Domain R, Beauvillain C, Gieldon A, Yildirim AÖ, Stathopoulos GT, Rhimi M, Jenne DE, Kettritz R. Cathepsin C inhibition as a potential treatment strategy in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114803. [PMID: 34678221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies established an association between chronic inflammation and higher risk of cancer. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes represents a potential treatment strategy for cancer and prevention of cancer metastasis. Cathepsin C (CatC) is a highly conserved lysosomal cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase required for the activation of pro-inflammatory neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs, elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G and NSP-4). NSPs are locally released by activated neutrophils in response to pathogens and non-infectious danger signals. Activated neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are decorated with several neutrophil proteins, including NSPs. NSPs are not only NETs constituents but also play a role in NET formation and release. Although immune cells harbor large amounts of CatC, additional cell sources for this protease exists. Upregulation of CatC expression was observed in different tissues during carcinogenesis and correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival. Recent mechanistic studies indicated an important interaction of tumor-associated CatC, NSPs, and NETs in cancer development and metastasis and suggested CatC as a therapeutic target in a several cancer types. Cancer cell-derived CatC promotes neutrophil recruitment in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Because the clinical consequences of genetic CatC deficiency in humans resulting in the elimination of NSPs are mild, small molecule inhibitors of CatC are assumed as safe drugs to reduce the NSP burden. Brensocatib, a nitrile CatC inhibitor is currently tested in a phase 3 clinical trial as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with bronchiectasis. However, recently developed CatC inhibitors possibly have protective effects beyond inflammation. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological function of CatC and discuss molecular mechanisms substantiating pharmacological CatC inhibition as a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Lamort
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Céline Beauvillain
- University of Angers, University of Nantes, Angers University Hospital, INSERM UMR-1232, CRCINA, Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2); Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Chen X, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Liu M, Du L, Zhang H, Shen X, Zhao D, Shi JB, Liu X. Discovery and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of a Novel Non-peptidyl Non-covalent Cathepsin C Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11857-11885. [PMID: 34374541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (Cat C) participates in inflammation and immune regulation by affecting the activation of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). Therefore, cathepsin C is an attractive target for treatment of NSP-related inflammatory diseases. Here, the complete discovery process of the first potent "non-peptidyl non-covalent cathepsin C inhibitor" was described with hit finding, structure optimization, and lead discovery. Starting with hit 14, structure-based optimization and structure-activity relationship study were comprehensively carried out, and lead compound 54 was discovered as a potent drug-like cathepsin C inhibitor both in vivo and in vitro. Also, compound 54 (with cathepsin C Enz IC50 = 57.4 nM) exhibited effective anti-inflammatory activity in an animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These results confirmed that the non-peptidyl and non-covalent derivative could be used as an effective cathepsin C inhibitor and encouraged us to continue further drug discovery on the basis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Faming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Leran Du
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobao Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital 2, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
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18
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Korkmaz B, Lesner A, Marchand-Adam S, Moss C, Jenne DE. Lung Protection by Cathepsin C Inhibition: A New Hope for COVID-19 and ARDS? J Med Chem 2020; 63:13258-13265. [PMID: 32692176 PMCID: PMC7413214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (CatC) is a cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase that activates most of tissue-degrading elastase-related serine proteases. Thus, CatC appears as a potential therapeutic target to impair protease-driven tissue degradation in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A depletion of proinflammatory elastase-related proteases in neutrophils is observed in patients with CatC deficiency (Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome). To address and counterbalance unwanted effects of elastase-related proteases, chemical inhibitors of CatC are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials. Neutrophils may contribute to the diffuse alveolar inflammation seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is currently a growing challenge for intensive care units due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Elimination of elastase-related neutrophil proteases may reduce the progression of lung injury in these patients. Pharmacological CatC inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the irreversible pulmonary failure threatening the life of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, Centre
d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and
Université de Tours, 37032 Tours,
France
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry,
University of Gdansk, 80-398 Gdansk,
Poland
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM UMR-1100, Centre
d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and
Université de Tours, 37032 Tours,
France
- Service de Pneumologie,
CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours,
France
| | - Celia Moss
- Birmingham
Children’s Hospital and University of
Birmingham, B4 6NH Birmingham,
U.K.
| | - Dieter E. Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center,
Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Munich and Max-Planck Institute of
Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried,
Germany
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19
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De Pasquale V, Moles A, Pavone LM. Cathepsins in the Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses: New Perspectives for Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040979. [PMID: 32326609 PMCID: PMC7227001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are ubiquitously expressed proteases normally found in the endolysosomal compartment where they mediate protein degradation and turnover. However, CTSs are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix where they actively participate in cell signaling, protein processing, and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membranes and between intracellular organelles. Dysregulation in CTS expression and/or activity disrupts cellular homeostasis, thus contributing to many human diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, and others. This review aimed to highlight the involvement of CTSs in inherited lysosomal storage disorders, with a primary focus to the emerging evidence on the role of CTSs in the pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). These latter diseases are characterized by severe neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular phenotypes, and no effective cure exists to date. The advance in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of CTSs in MPSs may open a new challenge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the cure of such intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
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20
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Catz SD, McLeish KR. Therapeutic targeting of neutrophil exocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:393-408. [PMID: 31990103 PMCID: PMC7044074 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0120-645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of neutrophil activation causes disease in humans. Neither global inhibition of neutrophil functions nor neutrophil depletion provides safe and/or effective therapeutic approaches. The role of neutrophil granule exocytosis in multiple steps leading to recruitment and cell injury led each of our laboratories to develop molecular inhibitors that interfere with specific molecular regulators of secretion. This review summarizes neutrophil granule formation and contents, the role granule cargo plays in neutrophil functional responses and neutrophil-mediated diseases, and the mechanisms of granule release that provide the rationale for development of our exocytosis inhibitors. We present evidence for the inhibition of granule exocytosis in vitro and in vivo by those inhibitors and summarize animal data indicating that inhibition of neutrophil exocytosis is a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D. Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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21
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Käck H, Doyle K, Hughes SJ, Bodnarchuk MS, Lönn H, Van De Poël A, Palmer N. DPP1 Inhibitors: Exploring the Role of Water in the S2 Pocket of DPP1 with Substituted Pyrrolidines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1222-1227. [PMID: 31413809 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pyrrolidine amino nitrile DPP1 inhibitors have been developed and characterized. The S2 pocket structure-activity relationship for these compounds shows significant gains in potency for DPP1 from interacting further with target residues and a network of water molecules in the binding pocket. Herein we describe the X-ray crystal structures of several of these compounds alongside an analysis of factors influencing the inhibitory potency toward DPP1 of which stabilization of the water network, demonstrated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations and free energy calculations, is attributed as a main factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Käck
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragments, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Doyle
- Charles River Discovery Services, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Samantha J. Hughes
- Charles River Discovery Services, Cambridge, U.K
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Hans Lönn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca (RIA), Gothenburg, Sweden
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