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Hawes EM, Rahim M, Haratipour Z, Orun AR, O'Rourke ML, Oeser JK, Kim K, Claxton DP, Blind RD, Young JD, O'Brien RM. Biochemical and metabolic characterization of a G6PC2 inhibitor. Biochimie 2024; 222:109-122. [PMID: 38431189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Three glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunits, that hydrolyze glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and inorganic phosphate, have been identified, designated G6PC1-3, but only G6PC1 and G6PC2 have been implicated in the regulation of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Elevated FBG has been associated with multiple adverse clinical outcomes, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes and various cancers. Therefore, G6PC1 and G6PC2 inhibitors that lower FBG may be of prophylactic value for the prevention of multiple conditions. The studies described here characterize a G6PC2 inhibitor, designated VU0945627, previously identified as Compound 3. We show that VU0945627 preferentially inhibits human G6PC2 versus human G6PC1 but activates human G6PC3. VU0945627 is a mixed G6PC2 inhibitor, increasing the Km but reducing the Vmax for G6P hydrolysis. PyRx virtual docking to an AlphaFold2-derived G6PC2 structural model suggests VU0945627 binds two sites in human G6PC2. Mutation of residues in these sites reduces the inhibitory effect of VU0945627. VU0945627 does not inhibit mouse G6PC2 despite its 84% sequence identity with human G6PC2. Mutagenesis studies suggest this lack of inhibition of mouse G6PC2 is due, in part, to a change in residue 318 from histidine in human G6PC2 to proline in mouse G6PC2. Surprisingly, VU0945627 still inhibited glucose cycling in the mouse islet-derived βTC-3 cell line. Studies using intact mouse liver microsomes and PyRx docking suggest that this observation can be explained by an ability of VU0945627 to also inhibit the G6P transporter SLC37A4. These data will inform future computational modeling studies designed to identify G6PC isoform-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Hawes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zeinab Haratipour
- Austin Peay State University, 601 College St, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Abigail R Orun
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret L O'Rourke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James K Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Derek P Claxton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ray D Blind
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Li S, Yan Z, Zhang L. Computational Insights into Novel Inhibitor N-(3-( tert-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-indole and Ingliforib Specific against GP Isoenzyme Dimers Interaction Mechanism. Molecules 2023; 28:4909. [PMID: 37446571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high conservation of the three subtypes of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) presents significant challenges for specific inhibitor studies targeting GP. Our prior screening revealed that compound 1 exhibited unequal inhibitory activity against the three GP subtypes, with a noticeable effect against brain GP (PYGB). The commercially available ingliforib demonstrated potent inhibitory activity specifically against liver GP (PYGL). To guide the further design and screening of high-specificity inhibitors, the possible reasons for the differential inhibitory activity of two compounds against different GP subtypes were analyzed, with ingliforib as a reference, through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the study predicted the binding modes of ligands with the three GP receptor subtypes using molecular docking. Subsequently, this was validated by molecular dynamics experiments, and possible amino acid residues that had important interactions were explored. The strong correlation between the calculated interaction free energies and experimental inhibitory activity implied the reasonable binding conformations of the compounds. These findings offer insight into the different inhibitory activity of compound 1 and ingliforib against all three GP subtypes and provide guidance for the design of specific target molecules that regulate subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
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3
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Yan Z, Li S, Wang Y, Li J, Ma C, Guo Y, Zhang L. Discovery of novel heterocyclic derivatives as potential glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors with a cardioprotective effect. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Rodgers RL. Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and hepatic glucose mobilization: A half‐century of uncertainty. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15263. [PMID: 35569125 PMCID: PMC9107925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For at least 50 years, the prevailing view has been that the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A pathway is the predominant signal mediating the hepatic glucose‐mobilizing actions of glucagon. A wealth of evidence, however, supports the alternative, that the operative signal most of the time is the phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol‐phosphate (IP3)/calcium/calmodulin pathway. The evidence can be summarized as follows: (1) The consensus threshold glucagon concentration for activating AC ex vivo is 100 pM, but the statistical hepatic portal plasma glucagon concentration range, measured by RIA, is between 28 and 60 pM; (2) Within that physiological concentration range, glucagon stimulates the PLC/IP3 pathway and robustly increases glucose output without affecting the AC/cAMP pathway; (3) Activation of a latent, amplified AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations below 60 pM is very unlikely; and (4) Activation of the PLC/IP3 pathway at physiological concentrations produces intracellular effects that are similar to those produced by activation of the AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations above 100 pM, including elevated intracellular calcium and altered activities and expressions of key enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Under metabolically stressful conditions, as in the early neonate or exercising adult, plasma glucagon concentrations often exceed 100 pM, recruiting the AC/cAMP pathway and enhancing the activation of PLC/IP3 pathway to boost glucose output, adaptively meeting the elevated systemic glucose demand. Whether the AC/cAMP pathway is consistently activated in starvation or diabetes is not clear. Because the importance of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes is becoming increasingly evident, it is even more urgent now to resolve lingering uncertainties and definitively establish glucagon’s true mechanism of glycemia regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Rodgers
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
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Govindarajan S, Babu SN, Vijayalakshmi MA, Manohar P, Noor A. Aloe vera carbohydrates regulate glucose metabolism through improved glycogen synthesis and downregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114556. [PMID: 34438036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is an ancient medicinal plant that belongs to the family Asphodelaceae. It has a rich source of bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, polyphenols, peptides, sterols and tannins, etc. Aloe vera has multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study investigated the antidiabetic mechanism of Aloe vera carbohydrate fraction (AVCF) and aimed to provide insights into the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in glucose homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiabetic effect of AVCF was evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose diffusion and glucose uptake assay. The in vitro AVCF effect on insulin secretion, cell proliferation and inflammatory markers were determined using streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress on RIN-m5F cells. Streptozotocin-induced male Wistar diabetic rats were treated for 21 days with AVCF (54 mg/kg bw). The in vivo AVCF effect was measured on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, hexokinase, glycogen synthase and glucose-6-phosphatase, levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies for organ-specific effects in the pancreas, liver and small intestine were also conducted. RESULTS AVCF-treated RIN-m5F cells significantly increased BrdU levels, with insulin secretion, and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide levels. AVCF treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, glucagon and glucose-6-phosphatase levels with a concomitant increase in insulin, hexokinase, and glycogen synthase levels and, glycogen content. These findings corroborate with the improved hepatic glycogen content in the PAS stained histological section of the liver of AVCF treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CF of Aloe vera improved glucose metabolism by activation of glycogenesis and down-regulation of gluconeogenesis thereby, maintaining glucose homeostasis. Hence, AVCF can be used as an alternative medicine in the alleviation of diabetes mellitus symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Poonkodi Manohar
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Ben Hamadi N. Mechanochemical Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2,3-Triazole Carbohydrate Derivatives as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:406-410. [PMID: 33334290 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201217142634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have developed this work to recommend an original route for the preparation of triazole derivatives. BACKGROUND Carbohydrates containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have various biological activities. Due to their advantageous and biological property, they are eye-catching synthetic targets in the arsenal of organic chemistry. Thus, finding green and efficient methods, as well as using the ball milling procedure for the synthesis of these heterocycles, is of interest to organic chemistry researchers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles under high-speed vibration milling conditions and investigate their properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixture of glycoside azide derivatives (1 mmol) and prop-2-yn-1-ol (1.5 mmol) in the presence of copper (I) was vigorously shaken under vibration milling conditions at 650 rpm with three balls for 15 min. The deprotection of the resulting triazole derivatives was affected by treatment with 4M hydrochloric acid in methanol under reflux. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A short and convenient route to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles, based on a ball-mill via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to prop-2-yn-1-ol, was developed. Cleavage of the isopropylidene protecting group provided water-soluble triazoles, evaluated as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. 1-[6- (4-Hydroxymethyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]-ethane-1,2-diol was the best inhibitor of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (IC50 = 60 μM). CONCLUSION In summary, we developed new, short and convenient routes to glucose-derived 1,2,3-triazole based on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions flowed by ball milling. The use of isopropylidene protective groups gave access to the analogous deprotected water-soluble motifs, analogous to known inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufel Ben Hamadi
- Laboratory of Synthesis Heterocyclic and Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, , Boulevard of Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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8
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Babel RA, Dandekar MP. A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Linked to the Development of Diabetes Complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:457-473. [PMID: 33143626 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201103143818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle, changing eating habits and reduced physical work have been known to culminate into making diabetes a global pandemic. Hyperglycemia during the course of diabetes is an important causative factor for the development of both microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease) complications. In this article, we summarize several mechanisms accountable for the development of both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Several metabolic and cellular events are linked to the augmentation of oxidative stress like the activation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway, polyol pathway, Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway, Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) and hexosamine pathway. Oxidative stress also leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and peroxides. Enhanced levels of ROS rescind the anti-oxidant defence mechanisms associated with superoxide dismutase, glutathione and ascorbic acid. Moreover, ROS triggers oxidative damages at the level of DNA, protein and lipids, which eventually cause cell necrosis or apoptosis. These physiological insults may be related to the microvascular complications of diabetes by negatively impacting the eyes, kidneys and the brain. While underlying pathomechanism of the macrovascular complications is quite complex, hyperglycemia associated atherosclerotic abnormalities like changes in the coagulation system, thrombin formation, fibrinolysis, platelet and endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle are well proven. Since hyperglycemia also modulates the vascular inflammation, cytokines, macrophage activation and gene expression of growth factors, elevated blood glucose level may play a central role in the development of macrovascular complications of diabetes. Taken collectively, chronic hyperglycemia and increased production of ROS are the miscreants for the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh A Babel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Nagy L, Béke F, Juhász L, Kovács T, Juhász-Tóth É, Docsa T, Tóth A, Gergely P, Somsák L, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, 2,3-bis[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamido] butanedioic acid (BF142), improves baseline insulin secretion of MIN6 insulinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236081. [PMID: 32960890 PMCID: PMC7508380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases, is characterized by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion of β cells. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme in glycogen breakdown, and contributes to hepatic glucose production during fasting or during insulin resistance. Pharmacological GP inhibitors are potential glucose lowering agents, which may be used in T2DM therapy. A natural product isolated from the cultured broth of the fungal strain No. 138354, called 2,3-bis(4-hydroxycinnamoyloxy)glutaric acid (FR258900), was discovered a decade ago. In vivo studies showed that FR258900 significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. We previously showed that GP inhibitors can potently enhance the function of β cells. The purpose of this study was to assess whether an analogue of FR258900 can influence β cell function. BF142 (Meso-Dimethyl 2,3-bis[(E)-3-(4-acetoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamido]butanedioate) treatment activated the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway, as indicated by enhanced glycolysis, increased mitochondrial oxidation, significantly increased ATP production, and elevated calcium influx in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, BF142 induced mTORC1-specific phosphorylation of S6K, increased levels of PDX1 and insulin protein, and increased insulin secretion. Our data suggest that BF142 can influence β cell function and can support the insulin producing ability of β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Béke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász-Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ryu DH, Cho JY, Sadiq NB, Kim JC, Lee B, Hamayun M, Lee TS, Kim HS, Park SH, Nho CW, Kim HY. Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology. Food Chem 2020; 335:127645. [PMID: 32738537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dried Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been widely used for its pharmacological properties and bioactive ganoderic acids (GAs). Herein, extraction procedures combining ultra-sonication and heating were optimized using response surface methodology based on four variables (antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, total GAs content, and total polysaccharide content) and principal component analysis. The extraction of freeze-dried GL at temperatures between 64.2 and 70 °C for 1.2 h maximized the antioxidant activity and GA content, whereas the polysaccharide content and anti-diabetic activity were maximized by extraction between 66.8 and 70 °C for more than 2.8 h. Heat-dried GL extracted at 50 °C for 3 h provided the greatest anti-inflammatory activity against HaCaT cells by suppressing the response to inflammation related cytokines at mRNA levels. These results suggest that extraction conditions might be a limiting factor for target-oriented investigations, and optimized extraction methods may improve the potential effect and quality of harvested GL products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nooruddin Bin Sadiq
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Products Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Taek Sung Lee
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung Seok Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Proença C, Oliveira A, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Sousa JLC, Ramos MJ, Silva AMS, Fernandes PA, Fernandes E. Structural Specificity of Flavonoids in the Inhibition of Human Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1541-1552. [PMID: 32364726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a recognized regulatory enzyme of the gluconeogenesis pathway, which has emerged as a valid target to control gluconeogenesis-mediated overproduction of glucose. As such, the management of diabetes with FBPase inhibitors represents a potential alternative for the currently used antidiabetic agents. In this study, the FBPase inhibition of a panel of 55 structurally related flavonoids was tested, through a microanalysis screening system. Then, a subset of seven active inhibitors and their close chemical relatives were further evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a linear interaction energy (LIE) approach. The results obtained showed that D14 (herbacetin) was the most potent inhibitor, suggesting that the presence of -OH groups at the C-3, C-4', C-5, C-7, and C-8 positions, as well as the double bond between C-2 and C-3 and the 4-oxo function at the pyrone ring, are favorable for the intended effect. Furthermore, D14 (herbacetin) is stabilized by a strong interaction with the Glu30 side chain and the Thr24 backbone of FBPase. This is the first investigation studying the in vitro inhibitory effect of a panel of flavonoids against human liver FBPase, thus representing a potentially important step for the search and design of novel inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana L C Sousa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Mata-Torres G, Andrade-Cetto A, Espinoza-Hernández FA, Cárdenas-Vázquez R. Hepatic Glucose Output Inhibition by Mexican Plants Used in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:215. [PMID: 32194426 PMCID: PMC7065531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo hepatic glucose production or hepatic gluconeogenesis is the main contributor to hyperglycemia in the fasting state in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) owing to insulin resistance, which leads to at least twice as much glucose synthesis compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, control of this pathway is a promising target to avoid the chronic complications associated with elevated glucose levels. Patients with T2D in the rural communities of Mexico use medicinal plants prepared as infusions that are consumed over the day between meals, thus following this rationale (consumption of the infusions in the fasting state), one approach to understanding the possible mechanism of action of medicinal plants is to assess their capacity to inhibit hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, in several of these plants, the presence of phenolic acids able to block the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is reported. In the present work, extracts of Ageratina petiolaris, Bromelia karatas, Equisetum myriochaetum, Rhizophora mangle, and Smilax moranensis, which are Mexican plants that have been traditionally used to treat T2D, were assayed to evaluate their possible hepatic glucose output (HGO) inhibitory activity with a pyruvate tolerance test in 18-h fasted STZ-NA Wistar rats after oral administration of the extracts. In addition, the in vitro effects of the extracts on the last HGO rate-limiting enzyme G6Pase was analyzed. Our results showed that four of these plants had an effect on hepatic glucose production in the in vivo or in vitro assays. A. petiolaris and R. mangle extracts decreased glucose output, preventing an increase in the blood glucose levels and sustaining this prevented increase after pyruvate administration. Moreover, both extracts inhibited the catalytic activity of the G6Pase complex. On the other hand, even though S. moranensis and B. karatas did not exhibit a significant in vivo effect, S. moranensis had the most potent inhibitory effect on this enzymatic system, while the E. myriochaetum extract only inhibited hepatic glucose production in the pyruvate tolerance test. Because of the traditional method in which diabetic patients use plants, hepatic glucose production inhibition seems to be a mechanism that partially explains the common hypoglycemic effect. However, further studies must be carried out to characterize other mechanisms whereby these plants can decrease HGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Mata-Torres
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - René Cárdenas-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Animal Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Iguchi T, Goto K, Watanabe K, Hashimoto K, Suzuki T, Kishino H, Fujimoto K, Mori K. Fluoroquinolones suppress gluconeogenesis by inhibiting fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in primary monkey hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104786. [PMID: 32004540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysglycemia is one of the most serious adverse events associated with the clinical use of certain fluoroquinolones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the representative fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin on hepatic gluconeogenesis using primary monkey hepatocytes. Glucose production was induced after the cells were incubated for 4 h with 10 mM sodium lactate and 1 mM sodium pyruvate as gluconeogenic substrates. Under these conditions, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin dose-dependently suppressed gluconeogenesis at concentrations of 100 μM or higher. Transcriptome analysis of rate-limiting enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis revealed that moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin at a concentration of 1000 μM did not affect the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. Furthermore, metabolome analysis, in vitro glucose production assay using additional gluconeogenic substrates, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase assay using the cell extracts showed that fluoroquinolones enzymatically suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. These inhibitory effects may involve in the clinically relevant dysglycemia associated with fluoroquinolones in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Koichi Goto
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Biomarker & Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0005, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Hashimoto
- Biomarker & Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0005, Japan.
| | - Takami Suzuki
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0005, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kishino
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Fujimoto
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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14
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Guo S, Wang L, Chen D, Jiang B. Effects of a natural PTP1B inhibitor from Rhodomela confervoides on the amelioration of fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes and hyperglycaemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3429-3437. [PMID: 35497760 PMCID: PMC9048848 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTP1B is a key negative regulator of insulin signaling transduction, and the inhibition of PTP1B has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat T2DM. 3,4-Dibromo-5-(2-bromo-6-(ethoxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (BPN), a natural bromophenol isolated from marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides, was found to inhibit PTP1B activity in our previous study. Herein, we identified that BPN functioned as a competitive PTP1B inhibitor and enhanced phosphorylation of IRβ, IRS-1 and Akt in palmitate acid-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Moreover, 2-deoxyglucose uptake technology-based characterization demonstrated that BPN could stimulate glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the effects of BPN against oxidative stress were investigated and showed that BPN attenuated oxidative stress by attenuating ROS generation. Finally, long-term oral administration of BPN at dose of 20 mg kg−1 significantly reduced blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and no visible toxic effects were observed. Our work is thus expected to provide a natural uncharged PTP1B inhibitor that could be used as a potential lead compound for further research. A natural bromophenol BPN was identified as a competitive PTP1B inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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15
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Adhikari S, Thakuria B, Laskar S. A bioinformatics-based investigation to screen and analyze the bioactivity of Piper longum Linn. compounds as a ground-breaking hostile to antidiabetic activity. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_400_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Wu GJ, Liu D, Wan YJ, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Comparison of hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from four legume species. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Abstract
Glycomimetics are compounds that resemble carbohydrate molecules in their chemical structure and/or biological effect. A large variety of compounds can be designed and synthesized to get glycomimetics, however, C-glycosyl derivatives represent one of the most frequently studied subgroup. In the present survey syntheses of a range of five- and six membered C-glycopyranosyl heterocycles, anhydro-aldimine type compounds, exo-glycals, C-glycosyl styrenes, carbon-sulfur bonded oligosaccharide mimics are described. Some of the C-glycopyranosyl azoles, namely 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles belong to the most efficient glucose analog inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase known to date. Biological studies revealed the therapeutical potential of such inhibitors. Other synthetic derivatives offer versatile possibilities to get further glycomimetics.
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18
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An untargeted metabolomics approach reveals further insights of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Res Int 2019; 116:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Phellinus Linteus Mycelial Extract from Solid-State Culture in A Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020296. [PMID: 30704063 PMCID: PMC6412584 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of P. linteus have been observed in numerous studies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we prepared P. linteus extract (PLE) from mycelia of solid-state culture, and evaluated its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in rat models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes. PLE treatment effectively reduced blood glucose levels, and improved insulin resistance and lipid and lipoprotein profiles. The hypoglycemic effect of PLE was based on inhibition of key hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes (FBPase, G6Pase) expression and hepatic glycogen degradation, and consequent reduction of hepatic glucose production. PLE also: (i) enhanced expression of CPT1A and ACOX1 (key proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in liver, thus promoting clearance of triglycerides and LDL-C; (ii) inhibited expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in liver, thus reducing cholesterol production; (iii) displayed strong hepatoprotective and renal protective effects. Our findings indicate that PLE has strong potential functional food application in adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes with dyslipidemia.
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Zheng Y, Bai L, Zhou Y, Tong R, Zeng M, Li X, Shi J. Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine for anti-diabetes recent advances. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1240-1253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Ahmad MF. Ganoderma lucidum: Persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:507-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Kerru N, Singh-Pillay A, Awolade P, Singh P. Current anti-diabetic agents and their molecular targets: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:436-488. [PMID: 29751237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the body's loss of control over blood sugar. The frequency of diagnosed cases and consequential increases in medical costs makes it a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. In addition, its unnerving statistical projections are perilous to both the economy of the nation and man's life expectancy. Type-I and type-II diabetes are the two clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is illustrated by the abnormality of glucose homeostasis in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia. Although significant research attention has been devoted to the development of diabetes regimens, which demonstrates success in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficacies are unsustainable due to undesirable side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Over the years, heterocyclic scaffolds have been the basis of anti-diabetic chemotherapies; hence, in this review we consolidate the use of bioactive scaffolds, which have been evaluated for their biological response as inhibitors against their respective anti-diabetic molecular targets over the past five years (2012-2017). Our investigation reveals a diverse target set which includes; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidly peptidase-4 (DPP-4), free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucagon receptor (GCGr) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This review offers a medium on which future drug design and development toward diabetes management may be modelled (i.e. optimization via structural derivatization), as many of the drug candidates highlighted show promise as an effective anti-diabetic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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23
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Xiao C, Wu Q, Xie Y, Tan J, Ding Y, Bai L. Hypoglycemic mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 in db/db mice via RNA-seq and iTRAQ. Food Funct 2018; 9:6495-6507. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study provides insight into the system-level hypoglycemic mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 by the integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Jianbin Tan
- Department of Toxicology
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou 510020
- China
| | - YinRun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
| | - Lijuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangzhou 510070
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24
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Habtemariam S. Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenes: A Case of Small Molecules Punching above Their Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010004. [PMID: 29267214 PMCID: PMC5795956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes belong to the terpenoids class of natural products and are bio-synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Their small molecular weight coupled with high non-polar nature make them the most abundant components of essential oils which are often considered to have some general antioxidant and antimicrobial effects at fairly high concentrations. These compounds are however reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Thanks to the ingenious biosynthetic machinery of nature, they also display a fair degree of structural complexity/diversity for further consideration in structure-activity studies. In the present communication, the merit of monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents is scrutinized by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the scientific literature. Both the aglycones and glycosides of these compounds of rather small structural size appear to display antidiabetic along with antiobesity and lipid lowering effects. The diversity of these effects vis-à-vis their structures and mechanisms of actions are discussed. Some key pharmacological targets include the insulin signaling pathways and/or the associated PI3K-AKT (protein kinase B), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver; glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R); among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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25
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Hiyoshi T, Fujiwara M, Yao Z. Postprandial hyperglycemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Res 2017; 33:1. [PMID: 29089472 PMCID: PMC6352876 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial glucose level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that exerts effects greater than glucose levels at fasting state, whereas increase in serum triglyceride level, under both fasting and postprandial conditions, contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Insulin resistance is a prevailing cause of abnormalities in postabsorptive excursion of blood glucose and postprandial lipid profile. Excess fat deposition renders a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the postprandial state, and both of which are contributors to atherosclerotic change of vessels especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic approaches for ameliorating each of these abnormalities have been attempted, including various antidiabetic agents or new compounds targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiyoshi
- . Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Fujiwara
- . Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- . Department of Laboratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zemin Yao
- . Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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26
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Preliminary structural characterization and hypoglycemic effects of an acidic polysaccharide SERP1 from the residue of Sarcandra glabra. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Bisphenol-A exposure in utero programs a sexually dimorphic estrogenic state of hepatic metabolic gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Nagy L, Márton J, Vida A, Kis G, Bokor É, Kun S, Gönczi M, Docsa T, Tóth A, Antal M, Gergely P, Csóka B, Pacher P, Somsák L, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition improves beta cell function. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:301-319. [PMID: 28409826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme for glycogen degradation. GP inhibitors (GPi-s) are glucose lowering agents that cause the accumulation of glucose in the liver as glycogen. Glycogen metabolism has implications in beta cell function. Glycogen degradation can maintain cellular glucose levels, which feeds into catabolism to maintain insulin secretion, and elevated glycogen degradation levels contribute to glucotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether influencing glycogen metabolism in beta cells by GPi-s affects the function of these cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of structurally different GPi-s were investigated on MIN6 insulinoma cells and in a mouse model of diabetes. KEY RESULTS GPi treatment increased glycogen content and, consequently, the surface area of glycogen in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, GPi treatment induced insulin receptor β (InsRβ), Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation, as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(PDX1) and insulin expression. In line with these findings, GPi-s enhanced non-stimulated and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. The InsRβ was shown to co-localize with glycogen particles as confirmed by in silico screening, where components of InsR signalling were identified as glycogen-bound proteins. GPi-s also activated the pathway of insulin secretion, indicated by enhanced glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation and calcium signalling. Finally, GPi-s increased the size of islets of Langerhans and improved glucose-induced insulin release in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that GPi-s also target beta cells and can be repurposed as agents to preserve beta cell function or even ameliorate beta cell dysfunction in different forms of diabetes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Márton
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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29
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Yellapu NK, Kilaru RB, Chamarthi N, PVGK S, Matcha B. Structure based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of amino phosphonate derivatives as human glucokinase activators. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 68:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vitak T, Yurkiv B, Wasser S, Nevo E, Sybirna N. Effect of medicinal mushrooms on blood cells under conditions of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:187-201. [PMID: 28572880 PMCID: PMC5437617 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third most common non-infectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Increased levels of blood glucose activate polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase metabolic pathways cause the intensification of non-enzymatic glycosylation and nitration of macromolecules. This, in turn, leads to the development of oxidative and nitrative stresses and secondary complications, such as different kinds of micro- and macroangiopathies. Metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency in diabetes significantly impede the functioning of a homeostasis system, which change the physical, biochemical, morphological, and functional properties of blood cells. As a result, the oxygen-transport function of red blood cells (RBCs), rheological properties of the blood, and functions of immunocompetent cells as well as the process of apoptosis are primarily affected. Modern pharmacotherapy focuses on the search for new preparations that aim to decrease blood glucose levels. Undesirable side effects and adverse reactions caused by synthetic medicines led to the search and investigation of new preparations of natural origin. Medicinal mushrooms play an important role among such new preparations. They are a source of a large number of high- and low-molecular compounds with pronounced biological effects. Our investigations show pronounced hypoglycemic and anti-anemic action of submerged cultivated mycelium powder of medicinal mushrooms Agaricus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis) and Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) on streptozotocin-induced DM in rats. Also, we showed that mycelium powders have membrane protective properties as evidenced by the redistribution of RBC populations towards the growth of full functional cell numbers. Normalization of parameters of leukocyte formula and suppression of apoptosis of white blood cells in diabetic rats treated with A. brasiliensis and G. lucidum mycelia indicates pronounced positive effects of these strains of mushrooms. Thus, the use of medicinal mushrooms for treatment of DM and in prevention development of its secondary complications might be a new effective approach of this disease's cure. This article is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the literature data and basic achievements concerning DM type 1 treatment using medicinal mushrooms and showing the results obtained in our research.
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Marandel L, Panserat S, Plagnes-Juan E, Arbenoits E, Soengas JL, Bobe J. Evolutionary history of glucose-6-phosphatase encoding genes in vertebrate lineages: towards a better understanding of the functions of multiple duplicates. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:342. [PMID: 28464795 PMCID: PMC5414149 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate (G6pc) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of the glucose homeostasis. The present study aims at revisiting and clarifying the evolutionary history of g6pc genes in vertebrates. Results g6pc duplications happened by successive rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred during vertebrate evolution. g6pc duplicated before or around Osteichthyes/Chondrichthyes radiation, giving rise to g6pca and g6pcb as a consequence of the second vertebrate whole genome duplication. g6pca was lost after this duplication in Sarcopterygii whereas both g6pca and g6pcb then duplicated as a consequence of the teleost-specific whole genome duplication. One g6pca duplicate was lost after this duplication in teleosts. Similarly one g6pcb2 duplicate was lost at least in the ancestor of percomorpha. The analysis of the evolution of spatial expression patterns of g6pc genes in vertebrates showed that all g6pc were mainly expressed in intestine and liver whereas teleost-specific g6pcb2 genes were mainly and surprisingly expressed in brain and heart. g6pcb2b, one gene previously hypothesised to be involved in the glucose intolerant phenotype in trout, was unexpectedly up-regulated (as it was in liver) by carbohydrates in trout telencephalon without showing significant changes in other brain regions. This up-regulation is in striking contrast with expected glucosensing mechanisms suggesting that its positive response to glucose relates to specific unknown processes in this brain area. Conclusions Our results suggested that the fixation and the divergence of g6pc duplicated genes during vertebrates’ evolution may lead to adaptive novelty and probably to the emergence of novel phenotypes related to glucose homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3727-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marandel
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Eva Arbenoits
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Discovery of new nanomolar inhibitors of GPa: Extension of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridinyl-3-yl amide-based GPa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:341-356. [PMID: 28076824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) is a functionally active dimeric enzyme, which is a target for inhibition of the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. In this study we report the design and synthesis of 14 new pyridone derivatives, and seek to extend the SAR analysis of these compounds. The SAR revealed the minor influence of the amide group, importance of the pyridone ring both spatially around the pyridine ring and for possible π-stacking, and confirmed a preference for inclusion of 3,4-dichlorobenzyl moieties, as bookends to the pyridone scaffold. Upon exploring a dimer strategy as part of the SAR analysis, the first extended 2-oxo-dihydropyridinyl-3-yl amide nanomolar based inhibitors of GPa (IC50 = 230 and 260 nM) were identified.
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Xiao C, Wu Q, Zhang J, Xie Y, Cai W, Tan J. Antidiabetic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 down-regulated hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:47-57. [PMID: 27902927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Lin Zhi) has been used to treat diabetes in Chinese folk for centuries. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) had hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. Our aim was to identify the main bioactives in GLPs and corresponding mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four polysaccharide-enriched fraction were isolated from GLPs and the antidiabetic activities were evaluated by type 2 diabetic mice. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and epididymal fat/BW ratio were measured at the end of the experiment. In liver, the mRNA levels of hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the protein levels of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK were determined by western blotting test. In epididymal fat tissue, the mRNA and protein levels GLUT4, resistin, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) were determined by qPCR and immuno-histochemistry. The structure of polysaccharide F31 was obtained from GPC, FTIR NMR and GC-MS spectroscopy, RESULTS: F31 significantly decreased FSG (P<0.05), FSI and epididymal fat/BW ratio (P<0.01). In liver, F31 decreased the mRNA levels of hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes, and up-regulated the ratio of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK. In epididymal fat tissue, F31 increased the mRNA levels of GLUT4 but decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) and resistin. Immuno-histochemistry results revealed F31 increased the protein levels of GLUT4 and decreased resistin. CONCLUSION Data suggested that the main bioactives in GLPs was F31, which was determined to be a β-heteropolysaccharide with the weight-average molecular weight of 15.9kDa. The possible action mechanism of F31 may be associated with down-regulation of the hepatic glucose regulated enzyme mRNA levels via AMPK activation, improvement of insulin resistance and decrease of epididymal fat/BW ratio. These results strongly suggest that F31 has antidiabetic potential.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/genetics
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Fasting/blood
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
- Fungal Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Fungal Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Ganoderma
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510020, China.
| | - Jianbin Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510020, China.
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Zhu D, Zhang N, Zhou X, Zhang M, Liu Z, Liu X. Cichoric acid regulates the hepatic glucose homeostasis via AMPK pathway and activates the antioxidant response in high glucose-induced hepatocyte injury. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25901d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CA regulates hepatic glucose homeostasisviathe AMPK pathway and improves hepatocyte injuryviaantioxidant responsein vitroandin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
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35
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Chen C, Huang Q, Li C, Fu X. Hypoglycemic effects of a Fructus Mori polysaccharide in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry fruit polysaccharide (MFP), one of the major active ingredients isolated from the mulberry fruit, possesses numerous bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Qiang Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xiong Fu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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Kantsadi AL, Bokor É, Kun S, Stravodimos GA, Chatzileontiadou DS, Leonidas DD, Juhász-Tóth É, Szakács A, Batta G, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. Synthetic, enzyme kinetic, and protein crystallographic studies of C -β- d -glucopyranosyl pyrroles and imidazoles reveal and explain low nanomolar inhibition of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:737-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Olayaki LA, Irekpita JE, Yakubu MT, Ojo OO. Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improves glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:585-93. [PMID: 26124050 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-lowering effects of Moringa oleifera extracts have been reported. However, the mechanism for its hypoglycemic effects is not yet understood. This study investigated the effect of oral administration of methanolic extracts of M. oleifera (MOLE) on glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis, and lipid metabolism in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. METHODS MOLE was screened for key phytochemicals and its total flavonoids and phenolic contents were quantified. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg BW alloxan. Normal and diabetic control rats received saline, while rats in other groups received 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight of MOLE or metformin (100 mg/kg body weight of metformin) for 6 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experiment. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was assessed and serum glucose, insulin, and lipids were measured at the end of the experiment. Liver and muscle glycogen synthase activities, glycogen content, and glucose uptake were determined. RESULTS Administration of MOLE did not affect food intake but inhibited weight loss, significantly (p<0.01) improved glucose tolerance, and increased serum insulin levels by 1.3-1.7-fold (p<0.01). MOLE treatment significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and enhanced serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by 2.4- to 3.2-fold (p<0.001). Glycogen synthase activities and glycogen contents were higher in MOLE-treated rats compared with rats receiving metformin or saline and the extract improved glucose uptake by 49%-59% (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results showed that hypoglycemic effects of MOLE might be mediated through the stimulation of insulin release leading to enhanced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.
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Rines AK, Sharabi K, Tavares CDJ, Puigserver P. Targeting hepatic glucose metabolism in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:786-804. [PMID: 27516169 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycaemia. Although current diabetes treatments have exhibited some success in lowering blood glucose levels, their effect is not always sustained and their use may be associated with undesirable side effects, such as hypoglycaemia. Novel antidiabetic drugs, which may be used in combination with existing therapies, are therefore needed. The potential of specifically targeting the liver to normalize blood glucose levels has not been fully exploited. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage, and assess the prospect of therapeutically targeting associated pathways to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Rines
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Clint D J Tavares
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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39
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:474-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Bailey CJ, Tahrani AA, Barnett AH. Future glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:350-9. [PMID: 26809680 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multivariable and progressive natural history of type 2 diabetes limits the effectiveness of available glucose-lowering drugs. Constraints imposed by comorbidities (notably cardiovascular disease and renal impairment) and the need to avoid hypoglycaemia, weight gain, and drug interactions further complicate the treatment process. These challenges have prompted the development of new formulations and delivery methods for existing drugs alongside research into novel pharmacological entities. Advances in incretin-based therapies include a miniature implantable osmotic pump to give continuous delivery of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for 6-12 months and once-weekly tablets of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Hybrid molecules that combine the properties of selected incretins and other peptides are at early stages of development, and proof of concept has been shown for small non-peptide molecules to activate glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. Additional sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors are progressing in development as well as possible new insulin-releasing biological agents and small-molecule inhibitors of glucagon action. Adiponectin receptor agonists, selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, cellular glucocorticoid inhibitors, and analogues of fibroblast growth factor 21 are being considered as potential new approaches to glucose lowering. Compounds that can enhance insulin receptor and post-receptor signalling cascades or directly promote selected pathways of glucose metabolism have suggested opportunities for future treatments. However, pharmacological interventions that are able to restore normal β-cell function and β-cell mass, normalise insulin action, and fully correct glucose homoeostasis are a distant vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony H Barnett
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Zois CE, Harris AL. Glycogen metabolism has a key role in the cancer microenvironment and provides new targets for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:137-54. [PMID: 26882899 PMCID: PMC4762924 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells and contributes to their adaption within the tumour microenvironment and resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, glycogen metabolism has become a recognised feature of cancer cells since it is upregulated in many tumour types, suggesting that it is an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of glycogen metabolism and its regulation, with a focus on its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation and anticancer treatment. The various methods to detect glycogen in tumours in vivo as well as pharmacological modulators of glycogen metabolism are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic value of targeting glycogen metabolism as a strategy for combinational approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Donnier-Maréchal M, Vidal S. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: a patent review (2013 - 2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:199-212. [PMID: 26666989 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Control of glycemia is crucial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complications. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) releases glucose from the liver into the blood stream. Design of potent GP inhibitors is a therapeutic strategy in the context of type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED Glucose-based inhibitors have found potential applications since they now reach low nanomolar Ki values. Another set of patents disclose cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the liver. A series of benzazepinones have also been reported as potent GP inhibitors. In vitro data are reported for GP inhibition but the in vivo biological data at the cellular or animal levels are often missing, even though the literature reported for these molecules is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION A structural analogy between glucose-based GP inhibitors and C-glucosides targeting sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is intriguing. Cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates are promising in vivo drug delivery systems to the liver. Benzazepinones were very recently described and no associated literature is available, making it very difficult to comment at present. While industry has slowed down on GP inhibitors design, academic groups are pursuing investigations and have provided potential drug candidates which will resuscitate the interest for GP, including its potential for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
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Glucose-derived spiro-isoxazolines are anti-hyperglycemic agents against type 2 diabetes through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:444-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bokor É, Kun S, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. 4(5)-Aryl-2-C-glucopyranosyl-imidazoles as New Nanomolar Glucose Analogue Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1215-9. [PMID: 26713107 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylases may lead to pharmacological treatments of diseases in which glycogen metabolism plays an important role: first of all in diabetes, but also in cardiovascular and tumorous disorders. C-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl) isoxazole, pyrazole, thiazole, and imidazole type compounds were synthesized, and the latter showed the strongest inhibition against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. Most efficient was 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole (11b, K i = 31 nM) representing the best nanomolar glucose derived inhibitor of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér
1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér
1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhou J, Xu G, Bai Z, Li K, Yan J, Li F, Ma S, Xu H, Huang K. Selenite exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in mouse model of type 2 diabetes through oxidative stress-mediated JNK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:409-18. [PMID: 26522834 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a potential pro-diabetic effect of selenite treatment in type 2 diabetics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of selenite treatment in a nongenetic mouse model of type 2 diabetes. High-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were orally gavaged with selenite at 0.5 or 2.0mg/kg body weight/day or vehicle for 4 weeks. High-dose selenite treatment significantly elevated fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance index, in parallel with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and pyruvate tolerance. High-dose selenite treatment also attenuated hepatic IRS1/Akt/FoxO1 signaling and pyruvate kinase gene expressions, but elevated the gene expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl kinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and selenoprotein P (SelP) in the liver. Furthermore, high-dose selenite treatment caused significant increases in MDA contents, protein carbonyl contents, and a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, concurrent with enhanced ASK1/MKK4/JNK signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that high-dose selenite treatment exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in mouse model of type 2 diabetes, at least in part through oxidative stress-mediated JNK pathway, providing new mechanistic insights into the pro-diabetic effect of selenite in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhaoshuai Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Junyan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huibi Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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A new level of regulation in gluconeogenesis: metabolic state modulates the intracellular localization of aldolase B and its interaction with liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Biochem J 2015; 472:225-37. [PMID: 26417114 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how glucose metabolism is finely regulated at molecular and cellular levels in the liver is critical for knowing its relationship to related pathologies, such as diabetes. In order to gain insight into the regulation of glucose metabolism, we studied the liver-expressed isoforms aldolase B and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 (FBPase-1), key enzymes in gluconeogenesis, analysing their cellular localization in hepatocytes under different metabolic conditions and their protein-protein interaction in vitro and in vivo. We observed that glucose, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline differentially modulate the intracellular distribution of aldolase B and FBPase-1. Interestingly, the in vitro protein-protein interaction analysis between aldolase B and FBPase-1 showed a specific and regulable interaction between them, whereas aldolase A (muscle isozyme) and FBPase-1 showed no interaction. The affinity of the aldolase B and FBPase-1 complex was modulated by intermediate metabolites, but only in the presence of K(+). We observed a decreased association constant in the presence of adenosine monophosphate, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and inhibitory concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Conversely, the association constant of the complex increased in the presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and non-inhibitory concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Notably, in vivo FRET studies confirmed the interaction between aldolase B and FBPase-1. Also, the co-expression of aldolase B and FBPase-1 in cultured cells suggested that FBPase-1 guides the cellular localization of aldolase B. Our results provide further evidence that metabolic conditions modulate aldolase B and FBPase-1 activity at the cellular level through the regulation of their interaction, suggesting that their association confers a catalytic advantage for both enzymes.
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Kim GY, Lee YM, Cho JH, Pan CJ, Jun HS, Springer DA, Mansfield BC, Chou JY. Mice expressing reduced levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase-α activity do not develop age-related insulin resistance or obesity. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5115-25. [PMID: 26089201 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) is caused by a lack of glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) activity. We have shown that gene therapy mediated by a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing human G6Pase-α normalizes blood glucose homeostasis in the global G6pc knockout (G6pc(-/-)) mice for 70-90 weeks. The treated G6pc(-/-) mice expressing 3-63% of normal hepatic G6Pase-α activity (AAV mice) produce endogenous hepatic glucose levels 61-68% of wild-type littermates, have a leaner phenotype and exhibit fasting blood insulin levels more typical of young adult mice. We now show that unlike wild-type mice, the lean AAV mice have increased caloric intake and do not develop age-related obesity or insulin resistance. Pathway analysis shows that signaling by hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein that improves glucose tolerance and insulin signaling is activated in AAV mice. In addition, several longevity factors in the calorie restriction pathway, including the NADH shuttle systems, NAD(+) concentrations and the AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α pathway are upregulated in the livers of AAV mice. The finding that partial restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α activity in GSD-Ia mice not only attenuates the phenotype of hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency but also prevents the development of age-related obesity and insulin resistance seen in wild-type mice may suggest relevance of the G6Pase-α enzyme to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Kim
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
| | - Young Mok Lee
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
| | - Chi-Jiunn Pan
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
| | - Danielle A Springer
- Mouse Phenotyping Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and
| | - Brian C Mansfield
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Janice Y Chou
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and
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Zhou J, Yan J, Bai Z, Li K, Huang K. Hypoglycemic activity and potential mechanism of a polysaccharide from the loach in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhou J, Xu G, Yan J, Li K, Bai Z, Cheng W, Huang K. Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. polysaccharide ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and vascular inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:229-38. [PMID: 25698243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (RG) has been widely used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of diabetes and its complications. The polysaccharide fraction of RG has been proposed to possess hypoglycemic effect by intraperitoneal administration, however, the mechanisms responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of RG polysaccharide (RGP) remain poorly understood. Here we studied the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of oral administration of a purified RGP and its underlying mechanisms in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preliminary structure of RGP was determined by GC and FT-IR. Mice were injected with STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. RGP at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day was orally administered to mice for 4 weeks, and metformin was used as positive control. After 4 weeks, the blood biochemical parameters, the pancreatic insulin contents, in vitro insulin secretion, the hepatic glycogen contents and mRNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl kinase (PEPCK) were assayed. RESULTS RGP was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1.00:1.26:0.73:16.45:30.40 with the average molecular weight of 63.5 kDa. RGP administration significantly decreased the blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and increased the blood levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and insulin in diabetic mice, concurrent with increases in body weights and pancreatic insulin contents. The in vitro study revealed that RGP significantly enhanced both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretions, as well as islet insulin contents in the pancreatic islets of diabetic mice. Moreover, RGP reversed the increased mRNA expression of PEPCK and the reduced glycogen contents in the liver of diabetic mice. Furthermore, RGP exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, as evidenced by the decreased blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MDA, and also the elevated blood levels of SOD and GPx activities in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, RGP can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and thus may be a potential therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Junyan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhaoshuai Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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50
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Donnier-Maréchal M, Goyard D, Folliard V, Docsa T, Gergely P, Praly JP, Vidal S. 3-Glucosylated 5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis and evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:499-503. [PMID: 25977724 PMCID: PMC4419504 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosporylase (GP) is a promising target for the control of glycaemia. The design of inhibitors binding at the catalytic site has been accomplished through various families of glucose-based derivatives such as oxadiazoles. Further elaboration of the oxadiazole aromatic aglycon moiety is now reported with 3-glucosyl-5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesized by condensation of a C-glucosyl amidoxime with N,N’-dialkylcarbodiimides or Vilsmeier salts. The 5-amino group introduced on the oxadiazole scaffold was expected to provide better inhibition of GP through potential additional interactions with the enzyme’s catalytic site; however, no inhibition was observed at 625 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Goyard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Folliard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pal Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS; 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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