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Janssen E, Philippens N, Kremers S, Crutzen R. Outcomes of the combined lifestyle intervention CooL during COVID-19: a descriptive case series study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38166961 PMCID: PMC10762946 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate changes in outcomes between baseline and eight months of participation regarding anthropometrics, control and support, physical activity, diet attentiveness, perceived fitness, sleep, and stress of participants in Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL), a Combined Lifestyle Intervention (CLI). Since the study took place when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, we defined a subobjective, i.e., to address changes in intervention outcomes over time while participants were exposed to pandemic-related restrictions and uncertainties. METHODS Data were collected from November 2018 until October 2021 at different locations across the Netherlands from 1824 participating adults, meeting the CLI inclusion criteria. We collected a broad set of data on anthropometrics (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), control and support (self-mastery, social support), physical activity (sedentary time on least/most active days, physical active minutes), diet attentiveness (attentiveness to meal composition, awareness to amounts of food and attentiveness to consuming), alcohol consumption, smoking, perceived fitness (perceived health, fitness when waking, fitness during daytime, impact daily stress), sleep and stress. RESULTS All outcomes showed improvements after eight months compared to baseline except for social support and smoking. Large effect sizes were found on weight (0.57), waist circumference (0.50) and perceived health (0.50). Behaviour patterns showed small to large effect sizes, with the largest effect sizes on diet attentiveness (i.e., attentiveness to meal composition (0.43), awareness to amounts of food (0.58) and attentiveness to consuming (0.39)). The outcomes of participants pre COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 showed differences on self-mastery (p = 0.01), sedentary time (all underlying constructs p < 0.02), perceived fitness (all underlying constructs p < 0.02) and stress (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results show that small changes in multiple behaviours go along with a large positive change in perceived health and health-related outcomes in line with the lifestyle coaching principles. In addition, participating in CooL may have protected against engaging in unhealthier behaviour during the pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION As the CLI is considered usual health care that does not fall within the scope of the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act, this study was exempt from trial registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Janssen
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Philippens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Care & Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Philippens N, Janssen E, Verjans-Janssen S, Kremers S, Crutzen R. HealthyLIFE, a Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Overweight and Obese Adults: A Descriptive Case Series Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211861. [PMID: 34831617 PMCID: PMC8620604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study is to investigate changes over time in participants of healthyLIFE, a Combined Lifestyle Intervention (CLI) based on the Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL) intervention. This study focuses on changes in behavior, physical fitness, motivation and Positive Health eight months after the start of the intervention. (2) Methods: In total, 602 Dutch adults, meeting the CLI inclusion criteria, were included from January 2018 until October 2020 in this descriptive case series study. We collected a broad set of data regarding weight/BMI, physical fitness, motivation, self-efficacy, social influence, personal barriers and needs towards food and physical activity and perceived personal health by means of the six dimensions of Positive Health. (3) Results: Eight months after baseline, positive effects of the intervention were found on most outcome measures. We found an increase in all measured aspects of physical fitness (stamina, flexibility, mobility, hand grip strength and BMI). Dietary changes were limited during the healthyLIFE intervention, except for fruit consumption (increase with an effect size of 0.42). The largest effect sizes were found for the dimensions of Positive Health ranging from 0.41 to 0.68. (4) Conclusion: The healthyLIFE intervention is successful in improving participants’ BMI, physical fitness, and perceived physical, mental and social health. A broad health perspective, beyond physical measurements, is recommended when studying effects of the CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Philippens
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.P.); (S.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Ester Janssen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.P.); (S.K.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.P.); (S.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.P.); (S.K.); (R.C.)
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Shapira S, Kazanov D, Dankner R, Fishman S, Stern N, Arber N. High Expression Level of PPARγ in CD24 Knockout Mice and Gender-Specific Metabolic Changes: A Model of Insulin-Sensitive Obesity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010050. [PMID: 33467499 PMCID: PMC7829882 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The heat-stable HSA/CD24 gene encodes a protein that shows high expression levels in adipocyte precursor cells but low levels in terminally differentiated adipocytes. Its high expression in many types of human cancer suggests an association between cancer, diabetes, and obesity, which is currently unclear. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a regulator of adipogenesis that plays a role in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and adipokine expression in adipocytes. Aim: To assess gender-dependent changes in CD24 KO and its association with PPARγ expression. Experimental approach: WT and CD24 KO mice were monitored from birth up to 12 months, and various physiological and molecular characteristics were analysed. Mean body weight and adipose mass were higher in KO mice than in WT mice. Male, but not female, KO mice showed increased insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, adipocyte size, and PPARγ expression than WT mice. In addition, enteric bacterial populations, assessed through high-throughput sequencing of stool 16S rRNA genes, were significantly different between male KO and WT mice. Conclusions: CD24 may negatively regulate PPARγ expression in male mice. Furthermore, the association between the CD24 and insulin sensitivity suggests a possible mechanism for diabetes as a cancer risk factor. Finally, CD24 KO male mice may serve as a model of obesity and insulin hyper-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Shapira
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dina Kazanov
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel;
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- Bariatric Endoscopy Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Nadir Arber
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Bariatric Endoscopy Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6973716/4968; Fax: +972-3-6974867
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Abstract
Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. It is associated with huge economic and health costs due to its clinical consequences, which includes increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and development of different malignancies. In particular, obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indeed, obesity is highly prevalent in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is becoming one of the most frequent causes of liver disease worldwide. NAFLD-related HCC is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in many countries. The higher mortality rates found in obese HCC patients might be related not only to a worse outcome after HCC treatments, but also to a delayed diagnosis related to a low frequency and a poorer quality of abdominal ultrasonography surveillance that is the test universally used for HCC screening. Given its diffusion, obesity is frequently present in patients with chronic liver diseases related to different etiologies, and in these cases it may increase the HCC risk, acting as an additional co-factor. Indeed, growing evidence demonstrates that a healthy diet and regular physical activity may have an impact in reducing the overall HCC risk. Finally, an impact of obesity in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been postulated, but more extensive studies are needed to definitively confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Saitta
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Italy.
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Italy; Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Italy; Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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Qiao Q, Bouwman FG, van Baak MA, Roumans NJT, Vink RG, Coort SLM, Renes JW, Mariman ECM. Adipocyte abundances of CES1, CRYAB, ENO1 and GANAB are modified in-vitro by glucose restriction and are associated with cellular remodelling during weight regain. Adipocyte 2019; 8:190-200. [PMID: 31037987 PMCID: PMC6768247 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1608757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term weight loss maintenance is a problem of overweight and obesity. Changes of gene expression during weight loss (WL) by calorie restriction (CR) are linked to the risk of weight regain (WR). However, detailed information on genes/proteins involved in the mechanism is still lacking. Therefore, we developed an in-vitro model system for glucose restriction (GR) and refeeding (RF) to uncover proteome differences between GR with RF vs normal feeding, of which we explored the relation with WR after WL. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome cells were subjected to changing levels of glucose to mimic the condition of CR and RF. Proteome profiling was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. This in-vitro model revealed 44 proteins differentially expressed after GR and RF versus feeding including proteins of the focal adhesions. Four proteins showed a persistent up- or down-regulation: liver carboxylesterase (CES1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [Mn] (SOD2), alpha-crystallin B-chain (CRYAB), alpha-enolase (ENO1). In-vivo weight loss-induced RNA expression changes linked CES1, CRYAB and ENO1 to WR. Moreover, of these 44 proteins, CES1 and glucosidase II alpha subunit (GANAB) during follow up correlated with WR. Correlation clustering of in-vivo protein expression data indicated an interaction of these proteins with structural components of the focal adhesions and cytoplasmic filaments in the adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiao
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek G. Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia J. T. Roumans
- Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, MERLN, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G. Vink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L. M. Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Renes
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. M. Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wienecke A, Neuhauser H, Kraywinkel K, Barnes B. Cancers Potentially Preventable through Excess Weight Reduction in Germany in 2010. Obes Facts 2018; 11:400-412. [PMID: 30326470 PMCID: PMC6257089 DOI: 10.1159/000490150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to quantify the preventive potential of body weight reduction in Germany, population-attributable risks (PARs) were estimated for 13 cancer types. METHODS PARs were calculated using body weight prevalence from a nationwide survey from 1998, cancer incidence estimates for 2010 from cancer registry data and relative risk estimates from published meta-analyses. Three counterfactual scenarios were evaluated: reducing BMI to maximally 21 kg/m² (main analysis) and weight reductions among overweight and obese persons of 5% and 10%. RESULTS An estimated 9% of all incident cancer cases in Germany - 40,748 cases - could be attributed to excess body weight in 2010. The highest proportions were estimated for endometrial cancer (48%) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (48% for women, 46% for men). The largest case numbers were estimated for postmenopausal breast (9,081 cases), colorectal (8,002 cases among men, 3,297 cases among women) and endometrial cancer (5,468 cases). The additional counterfactual scenarios suggested that weight reductions of 5% and 10% could prevent 5,572 cases and 11,427 cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Germany there is a considerable preventive potential for cancers associated with excess body weight. Efforts to prevent further weight gain and encourage weight loss should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Wienecke
- German Centre for Cancer Registry Data, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannelore Neuhauser
- Unit 25 - Physical Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Kraywinkel
- German Centre for Cancer Registry Data, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Barnes
- German Centre for Cancer Registry Data, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from the EPICAP study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34485-34494. [PMID: 30349643 PMCID: PMC6195387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, but inconsistent results have been observed between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, some associations have been reported with other indicators such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We investigated the role of anthropometric indicators in PCa risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). EPICAP is a population-based case-control study that included 819 incident PCa in 2012–2013 and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, WC, and hip circumference) have been measured at interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC and WHR) and PCa risk. We observed a slight, but not significant increased risk of PCa for men with a WC > 94 cm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92–1.56) and for men with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.70 between 0.95 and 1.00, OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.61 above 1.00). Associations were more pronounced after adjustment and stratification for BMI and in men with aggressive PCa. Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may be associated with an increased risk of PCa, especially aggressive PCa.
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Wu Q, Jin H, Ma G, Liu H, Wang M, Zhang Z, Chu H. Association between obesity and bladder cancer recurrence: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hamrah MS, Hamrah MH, Ishii H, Suzuki S, Hamrah MH, Hamrah AE, Dahi AE, Takeshita K, Hamrah MH, Fotouhi A, Sakamoto J, Murohara T. Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Patients in the Northern Part of Afghanistan: a Cross-Sectional Study in Andkhoy City. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1035-1039. [PMID: 29693980 PMCID: PMC6031800 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiovascular risk factors remains controversial. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection among Afghan patients warranted the investigation of this association. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between H. pylori infection and cardiovascular risk factors among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Andkhoy, Afghanistan. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 271 consecutive patients in an outpatient clinic in Andkhoy, Afghanistan from April 2017 to June 2017. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was achieved using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The patients were divided into H. pylori positive (n=189) and H. pylori negative (n=82) groups. The association between H. pylori infection and cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed. Results: Of the total 271 study participants, 102 (37.6%) were male and 169 (62.4%) female. The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients who were H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative was 51.0 ± 17.6 years and 51.6 ± 17.6 years, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) (odds ratio [OR] 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-7.62, P = 0.011), and body mass index (BMI) levels (OR 1.17, 95% CI 108-1.26, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study indicated that H. pylori infection was significantly associated with DM and elevated BMI levels in patients from an outpatient clinic in Andkhoy, Afghanistan. More aggressive measures, including DM, obesity control, and H. pylori eradication are needed.
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Li W, Bai H, Liu S, Cao D, Wu H, Shen K, Tai Y, Yang J. Targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 to repress endometrial cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12064-12078. [PMID: 29552293 PMCID: PMC5844729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an established molecular target in many primary tumors including breast, lung, pancreatic, colon and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, its potential role in supporting endometrial cancer growth and progression has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the value of SCD1 as a candidate therapeutic target in human endometrial cancer. Compared with secretory and post-menopausal endometrium, SCD1 was highly expressed in normal endometrium of proliferative phase, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, while was absent or low expression in non-malignant control stromal cells and adjacent normal endometrium. Knockdown of SCD1 significantly repressed endometrial cancer cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Both short hairpin RNA targeted knockdown and chemical inhibitor of SCD1 suppressed the foci formation of AN3CA, a metastatic endometrial cell line. Xenograft model further demonstrated that reduced SCD1 expression impaired endometrial cancer growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that SCD1 is a potentially therapeutic target in human endometrial cancer. Inhibiting lipid metabolism in cancer cells would be a promising strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Science Academy of Chinese People's Liberation Army (307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Shariff-Marco S, Von Behren J, Reynolds P, Keegan THM, Hertz A, Kwan ML, Roh JM, Thomsen C, Kroenke CH, Ambrosone C, Kushi LH, Gomez SL. Impact of Social and Built Environment Factors on Body Size among Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:505-515. [PMID: 28154107 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As social and built environment factors have been shown to be associated with physical activity, dietary patterns, and obesity in the general population, they likely also influence these health behaviors among cancer survivors and thereby impact survivorship outcomes.Methods: Enhancing the rich, individual-level survey and medical record data from 4,505 breast cancer survivors in the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort drawn from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we geocoded baseline residential addresses and appended social and built environment data. With multinomial logistic models, we examined associations between neighborhood characteristics and body mass index and whether neighborhood factors explained racial/ethnic/nativity disparities in overweight/obesity.Results: Low neighborhood socioeconomic status, high minority composition, high traffic density, high prevalence of commuting by car, and a higher number of fast food restaurants were independently associated with higher odds of overweight or obesity. The higher odds of overweight among African Americans, U.S.-born Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and foreign-born Hispanics and the higher odds of obesity among African Americans and U.S.-born Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic whites, remained significant, although somewhat attenuated, when accounting for social and built environment features.Conclusions: Addressing aspects of neighborhood environments may help breast cancer survivors maintain a healthy body weight.Impact: Further research in this area, such as incorporating data on individuals' perceptions and use of their neighborhood environments, is needed to ultimately inform multilevel interventions that would ameliorate such disparities and improve outcomes for breast cancer survivors, regardless of their social status (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, nativity). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 505-15. ©2017 AACRSee all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences."
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shariff-Marco
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | | | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Theresa H M Keegan
- School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | - Marilyn L Kwan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Janise M Roh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | | | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | | | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
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14
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Mirmiran P, Ghorbani Z, Hosseini-Esfahani F. A Narrative Review of Obesity and Its Associated Complications in Iranian Women. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2017. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-40546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13005-13016. [PMID: 27465553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid body of knowledge indicates that overweight and obese subjects are prone to develop cancer, aggressive disease, and death more than their lean counterparts. While obesity has been causally associated with various cancers, only a limited number of studies beheld the link with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Contemporary meta-analysis and prospective studies confirmed the association of body mass index with HL. Besides epidemiological evidence, excess adiposity is known to influence tumor behavior through adipokines, adipose-derived stem cell migration, and metabolism regulation, and by modulating immunoinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the obesity paradox has been described in few cancers. Considering that adipose tissue is an immunomodulatory organ, and that inflammation is the cornerstone of HL pathophysiology, the rationale for being causally related due to endocrine/paracrine interactions cannot be negligible. In this hypothesis-generating review, we explore the biologically plausible links between excess adiposity and HL in light of recent basic and clinical data, in order to create a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms and foster applied research. The establishment of an association of excess adiposity with HL will determine public health preventive measures to fight obesity and eventually novel therapeutic approaches in HL patients.
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16
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Dantas ACB, Santo MA, de Cleva R, Sallum RAA, Cecconello I. Influence of obesity and bariatric surgery on gastric cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:269-76. [PMID: 27458534 PMCID: PMC4944545 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal and gastric cancer (GC) are related to obesity and bariatric surgery. Risk factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux and Helicobacter pylori, must be investigated and treated in obese population. After surgery, GC reports are anecdotal and treatment is not standardized. This review aims to discuss GC related to obesity before and after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Aurelio Santo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo-SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Cleva
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo-SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Cecconello
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo-SP 05403-000, Brazil
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17
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Choi Y, Park SK, Ahn KJ, Cho H, Kim TH, Yoon HK, Lee YH. Being Overweight or Obese Increases the Risk of Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer after Surgical Resection. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:886-91. [PMID: 27247497 PMCID: PMC4853667 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 50 patients with TNBC who underwent breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy between 2007 and 2014. All patients were classified according to BMI (median 23.5 kg/m(2), range 17.2-31.6 kg/m(2)): 31 patients (62%) were classified as being overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m(2)) and 19 patients (38%) were classified as having a normal body weight (BMI < 23 kg/m(2)). The median follow-up for patients was 31.1 months (range, 6.7-101.9 months). Progression occurred in 7 patients (14%), including 5 ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences, 2 regional lymph node metastases, and 5 distant metastases. Progression was significantly correlated with overweight or obese patients (P = 0.035), while none of the normal weight patients showed progression. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 85.0% and 87.7%, respectively. DFS was significantly reduced in overweight or obese patients compared to that in normal weight patients (P = 0.035). However, OS was not significantly compromised by being overweight or obese (P = 0.134). In conclusion, being overweight or obese negatively affects DFS in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kwang Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Heunglae Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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18
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Wu T, Jiang Z, Yin J, Long H, Zheng X. Anti-obesity effects of artificial planting blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) anthocyanin in high-fat diet-treated mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:257-64. [PMID: 26899872 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1146235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of artificial planting blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) anthocyanin (BA) in high-fat diet-induced obese male C57BL/6 mice. BA at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg was supplemented in the daily food of obese C57BL/6 mice during an 8-week experiment. Our findings indicate that consumption of BA at high doses reduced body weight by 19.4%, whereas both low and middle doses did not affect the body weight. Furthermore, BA supplementation at high dose could effectively decrease serum glucose, attenuate epididymal adipocytes, improve lipid profiles, and significantly down-regulate expression levels of TNFα, IL-6 PPARγ, and FAS genes. Therefour, BA might alter bodyweight by suppressing fatty acid synthesis and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education , Tianjin , PR China ;,b Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zenghong Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Jinjin Yin
- a Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Hairong Long
- c National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development , Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants , Nanning , China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- b Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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19
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De Hert M, Peuskens J, Sabbe T, Mitchell AJ, Stubbs B, Neven P, Wildiers H, Detraux J. Relationship between prolactin, breast cancer risk, and antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: a critical review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:5-22. [PMID: 26114737 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent meta-analysis showed that breast cancer probably is more common in female patients with schizophrenia than in the general population (effect size = 1.25, P < 0.05). Increasing experimental and epidemiological data have alerted researchers to the influence of prolactin (PRL) in mammary carcinogenesis. We therefore investigated the possible relationship between antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and breast cancer risk in female patients with schizophrenia. METHOD A literature search (1950 until January 2015), using the MEDLINE database, was conducted for English-language published clinical trials to identify and synthesize data of the current state of knowledge concerning breast cancer risk (factors) in women with schizophrenia and its (their) relationship between HPRL and antipsychotic medication. RESULTS Although an increasing body of evidence supports the involvement of PRL in breast carcinogenesis, results of human prospective studies are limited, equivocal, and correlative (with risk ratios ranging from 0.70 to 1.9 for premenopausal women and from 0.76 to 2.03 for postmenopausal women). Moreover, these studies equally do not take into account the local production of PRL in breast epithelium, although amplification or overexpression of the local autocrine/paracrine PRL loop may be a more important mechanism in tumorigenesis. Until now, there is also no conclusive evidence that antipsychotic medication can increase the risk of breast malignancy and mortality. CONCLUSION Other breast risk factors than PRL, such as nulliparity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (alcohol dependence, smoking, low physical activity), probably are of greater relevance in individual breast cancer cases within the population of female patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Hert
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - J Peuskens
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - T Sabbe
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - A J Mitchell
- Department of Psycho-oncology, Cancer & Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - B Stubbs
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, UK
| | - P Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Detraux
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, Belgium
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20
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Shariff-Marco S, Gomez SL, Sangaramoorthy M, Yang J, Koo J, Hertz A, John EM, Cheng I, Keegan THM. Impact of neighborhoods and body size on survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Health Place 2015; 36:162-72. [PMID: 26606455 PMCID: PMC4684167 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With data from the Neighborhoods and Breast Cancer Study, we examined the associations between body size, social and built environments, and survival following breast cancer diagnosis among 4347 women in the San Francisco Bay Area. Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status and greater neighborhood crowding were associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). After mutual adjustment, WHR, but not neighborhood characteristics, was positively associated with overall mortality and marginally with breast cancer-specific mortality. Our findings suggest that WHR is an important modifiable prognostic factor for breast cancer survivors. Future WHR interventions should account for neighborhood characteristics that may influence WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shariff-Marco
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Juan Yang
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
| | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Theresa H M Keegan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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21
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Kim HJ, Kim N, Kim HY, Lee HS, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Lee KH, Kim YH, Kim HM, Lee DH. Relationship between body mass index and the risk of early gastric cancer and dysplasia regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:762-73. [PMID: 25240409 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is known to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cardia cancer but not with noncardia cancer. In terms of gastric dysplasia, few studies have evaluated its relationship with obesity. In addition, no study on the relationship between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer has analyzed the status of Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS A case-control study was designed to investigate the relationship between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia adjusted for the status of H. pylori infection in Koreans. Nine hundred ninety-eight gastric cancer patients, 313 gastric dysplasia patients, and 1,288 subjects with normal endoscopic findings were included. RESULTS As gender differences could be the largest confounding factor, the risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia with an increasing body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in men and women, separately, and was adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, family history of gastric cancer, H. pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio. Obesity (BMI 25 kg/m(2) or greater but less than 30 kg/m(2)) was associated with increased risk of early gastric cancer [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.657; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.086-2.528; P = 0.019] and well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (aOR 1.566; 95 % CI 1.011-2.424; P = 0.044) compared with normal BMI status (BMI < 23 kg/m(2)) in men. Obesity was related to gastric dysplasia (aOR 2.086; 95 % CI 1.011-4.302; P = 0.047) in women. CONCLUSIONS The effect of obesity on gastric cancer showed a gender difference. That is, in men it was related to increased risk of early gastric cancer and well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, but it was associated with gastric dysplasia in women regardless of H. pylori infection in Korea. Further research into this difference is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Man Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Schmidt S, Monk JM, Robinson LE, Mourtzakis M. The integrative role of leptin, oestrogen and the insulin family in obesity-associated breast cancer: potential effects of exercise. Obes Rev 2015; 16:473-87. [PMID: 25875578 PMCID: PMC4691342 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. The mechanisms through which obesity influences the development and progression of breast cancer are not fully elucidated; however, several factors such as increased oestrogen, concentrations of various members of the insulin family and inflammation that are associated with adiposity are purported to be important factors in this relationship. Emerging research has also begun to focus on the role of adipokines, (i.e. adipocyte secreted factors), in breast cancer. Leptin secretion is directly related to adiposity and is believed to promote breast cancer directly and independently, as well as through involvement with the oestrogen and insulin signalling pathways. As leptin is secreted from white adipose tissue, any intervention that reduces adiposity may be favourable. However, it is also important to consider that energy expenditure through exercise, independent of fat loss, may improve leptin regulation. The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the role of leptin in breast cancer development and progression, identify key interactions with oestrogen and the insulin family, and distinguish the potential effects of exercise on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - J M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - L E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Martin-Rodriguez E, Guillen-Grima F, Martí A, Brugos-Larumbe A. Comorbidity associated with obesity in a large population: The APNA study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:435-47. [PMID: 25979684 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major causes of comorbidities which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the comorbidity associated with obesity in 40,010 patients attending Primary Health Care Centres in Navarra. METHODS It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The association of overweight and obesity in different diseases was studied. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age and sex were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, using as reference patients with body mass index (BMI) lower than 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Increasing BMI is associated with glucose intolerance (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06-1.08), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.04), hypertension (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.12-1.13), type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.10-1.11), kidney failure (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05), and osteoarthritis (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05-1.06). Moreover, all the degrees of obesity are associated with asthma (OR type I obesity: 1.33; OR type II obesity: 1.69; OR type III obesity: 1.75), heart failure (OR type I obesity: 1.68; OR type II obesity: 2.78; OR type III obesity: 4.35), and severe mental disorders (OR type I obesity: 2.02; OR type II obesity: 2.33; OR type III obesity: 2.50). Type II and morbid obesity are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression. CONCLUSION Our study showed a positive association of the overweight and obesity with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and kidney failure. An interesting point is the association of higher levels of BMI with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martin-Rodriguez
- Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Spain.
| | - Francisco Guillen-Grima
- Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Departament of Preventive Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain
| | - Amelia Martí
- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain; Departament of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Brugos-Larumbe
- Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain
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24
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Nikonorov AA, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV. Mutual interaction between iron homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:207-14. [PMID: 24916791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is identified as an important medical problem. One of the pathologic conditions observed in obesity is systemic iron deficiency and hypoferremia. Along with a large number of studies indicating disturbed iron homeostasis in obesity, recent data indicate a cause-effect relationship between iron status and obesity-related pathologies. The primary objective of the article is to consider two aspects of the iron-obesity interplay: (1) the mechanisms leading to impaired iron balance, and (2) the pathways of iron participation in obesity-related pathogenesis. While considering disturbance of iron homeostasis in obesity, a number of potential mechanisms of hypoferremia are proposed. At the same time, the inflammation of obesity and obesity-related hepcidin and lipocalin 2 hyperproduction seem to be the most probable reasons of obesity-related hypoferremia. Oversecretion of these proteins leads to iron sequestration in reticuloendothelial system cells. The latter also leads to increased adipose tissue iron content, thus producing preconditions for adverse effects of local iron overload. Being a redox-active metal, iron is capable of inducing oxidative stress as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction. Iron-mediated mechanisms of toxicity may influence aspects of obesity pathogenesis possibly even leading to obesity aggravation. Thus, a mutual interaction between disturbance in iron homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis is proposed. All sides of this interaction should be considered to design new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of disturbed iron homeostasis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr A Nikonorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya Street 6, Orenburg 460000, Russia.
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoy Val Street 46, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya Street 6, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoy Val Street 46, Moscow 105064, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology (Russian Satellite Centre of Trace Element - Institute for UNESCO), Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460352, Russia
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25
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Moore Simas TA, Corvera S, Lee MM, Zhang N, Leung K, Olendzki B, Barton B, Rosal MC. Understanding multifactorial influences on the continuum of maternal weight trajectories in pregnancy and early postpartum: study protocol, and participant baseline characteristics. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 25885002 PMCID: PMC4389494 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and offspring immediate and long-term health are affected by pregnancy weight gain and maternal weight. This study was designed to determine feasibility of: 1) recruiting a socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women into a longitudinal observational study, including consenting the women for serial biologic specimen evaluations; 2) implementing comprehensive assessments (including biologic, anthropometric, behavioral, cognitive/psychosocial and socio-demographic, and cultural measures) at multiple time points over the study period, including collecting biologic specimens at planned and unplanned pregnancy delivery times; and 3) retaining the sample for one year into the postpartum period. Additionally, the study will provide preliminary data of associations among hypothesized predictors, mediators and moderators of pregnancy and post-partum maternal and infant weight trajectories. The study was conceptualized under a Biopsychosocial Model using a lifespan approach. Study protocol and baseline characteristics are described. METHODS/DESIGN We sought to recruit a sample of 100 healthy women age 18-45 years, between 28-34 weeks gestation, with singleton pregnancies, enrolled in care prior to 17 weeks gestation. Women provide written consent for face-to-face (medical history, anthropometrics, biologic specimens), and paper-and-pencil assessments, at five time points: baseline (third trimester), delivery-associated, and 6-weeks, 3-months and 6-months postpartum. Additional telephone-based assessments (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) administered baseline and three-months postpartum. Infant weights are collected until 1-year of life. We seek to retain 80% of participants at six-months postpartum and 80% of offspring at 12-months. 110 women were recruited. Sample characteristics include: mean age 28.3 years, BMI 25.7 kg/m(2), and gestational age at baseline visit of 32.5 weeks. One-third of cohort was non-white, over a quarter were Latina, and almost a quarter were non-US born. The cohort majority was multigravida, had graduated high school and/or had higher levels of education, and worked outside the home. DISCUSSION Documentation of study feasibility and preliminary data for theory-driven hypothesis of maternal and child factors associated with weight trajectories will support future large scale longitudinal studies of risk and protective factors for maternal and child health. This research will also inform intervention targets facilitating healthy maternal and child weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Memorial Campus - 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech 2 - 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Mary M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - NingNing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Katherine Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Memorial Campus - 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Barbara Olendzki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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Xu T, Wang X, Xia L, Zhang X, Qin L, Zhong S, Shen Z. Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy in Obese Patients: How Influential Is Obesity on Operative Outcomes? J Endourol 2015; 29:198-208. [PMID: 25178054 DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Qin
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF. Obesity and the reproductive system disorders: epigenetics as a potential bridge. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:249-61. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Euler A, Heye T, Kekelidze M, Bongartz G, Szucs-Farkas Z, Sommer C, Schmidt B, Schindera ST. Assessment of image quality and low-contrast detectability in abdominal CT of obese patients: comparison of a novel integrated circuit with a conventional discrete circuit detector at different tube voltages. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:687-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alamanda VK, Moore DC, Song Y, Schwartz HS, Holt GE. Obesity does not affect survival outcomes in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:2799-806. [PMID: 24903824 PMCID: PMC4117870 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing epidemic and has been associated with an increased frequency of complications after various surgical procedures. Studies also have shown adipose tissue to promote a microenvironment favorable for tumor growth. Additionally, the relationship between obesity and prognosis of soft tissue sarcomas has yet to be evaluated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We sought to assess if (1) obesity affects survival outcomes (local recurrence, distant metastasis, and death attributable to disease) in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas; and (2) whether obesity affected wound healing and other surgical complications after treatment. METHODS A BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or greater was used to define obesity. Querying our prospective database between 2001 and 2008, we identified 397 patients for the study; 154 were obese and 243 were not obese. Mean followup was 4.5 years (SD, 3.1 years) in the obese group and 3.9 years (SD, 3.2 years) in the nonobese group; the group with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or greater had a higher proportion of patients with followups of at least 2 years compared with the group with a BMI less than 30 kg/m(2) (76% versus 62%). Outcomes, including local recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival, were analyzed after patients were stratified by BMI. Multivariable survival models were used to identify independent predictors of survival outcomes. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare continuous variables. Based on the accrual interval of 8 years, the additional followup of 5 years after data collection, and the median survival time for the patients with a BMI less than 30 kg/m(2) of 3 years, we were able to detect true median survival times in the patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) of 2.2 years or less with 80% power and type I error rate of 0.05. RESULTS Patients who were obese had similar survival outcomes and wound complication rates when compared with their nonobese counterparts. Patients who were obese were more likely to have lower-grade tumors (31% versus 20%; p = 0.021) and additional comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (26% versus 7%; p < 0.001), hypertension (63% versus 38%; p < 0.001), and smoking (49% versus 37%; p = 0.027). Regression analysis confirmed that even after accounting for certain tumor characteristics and comorbidities, obesity did not serve as an independent risk factor in affecting survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of obesity continues to increase and lead to many negative health consequences, it does not appear to adversely affect survival, local recurrence, or wound complication rates for patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh K. Alamanda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232-8774 USA
| | - David C. Moore
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232-8774 USA
| | - Yanna Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Herbert S. Schwartz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232-8774 USA
| | - Ginger E. Holt
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232-8774 USA
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Ong J, Salomon J, te Morsche RHM, Roelofs HMJ, Witteman BJM, Dura P, Lacko M, Peters WHM. Polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factor axis are associated with gastrointestinal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90916. [PMID: 24608110 PMCID: PMC3946608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous factors influence the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a role in embryonic and postnatal growth and tissue repair. Elevated levels of IGFs, low levels of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and over-expression of IGF receptor (IGFR-I) were associated with several stages of cancer. Here, the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6214 in the IGF type I (IGF-I) gene and rs6898743 in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in patients with GI cancer and controls was studied. MATERIALS & METHODS In this Dutch case-control study, DNA isolated from blood of 1,457 GI cancer patients; 438 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), 475 with esophageal cancer (EC) and 544 with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 1,457 matched controls, was used to determine the rs6214 and rs6898743 genotypes by polymerase chain reaction. The association between these SNPs and GI cancer, HNC, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and proximal or distal CRC was studied. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated via unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Overall for GI cancer, the ORs for SNPs rs6214 and rs6898743 were approximately 1.0 (p-value>0.05), using the most common genotypes GG as reference. An OR of 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05-2.27) was found for EC for genotype AA of rs6214. The ORs for EAC were 1.45 (95% CI, 1.04-2.01) and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.10-2.68), for genotypes GA and AA, respectively. Genotype GC of rs6898743 showed an OR of 0.47 (95% CI, 0.26-0.86) for ESCC. CONCLUSION The A allele of SNP rs6214 in the IGF-I gene was associated with EAC, and with HNC in women. The GC genotype of rs6898743 in the GHR gene was negatively associated with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jody Salomon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rene H. M. te Morsche
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hennie M. J. Roelofs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben J. M. Witteman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Polat Dura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert H. M. Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for many types of cancers, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), owing to its carcinogenic potential and the association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HCC may develop in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic livers with NAFLD, particularly in the presence of multiple metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. This issue is alarming because the population potentially at higher risk is greatly increasing. This review summarizes current evidence linking obesity and liver cancer, and discusses recent advances on the mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Sanz-Barbero B, Prieto-Flores ME, Otero-García L, Abt-Sacks A, Bernal M, Cambas N. [Perception of risk factors for cancer in the Spanish population]. GACETA SANITARIA 2013; 28:137-45. [PMID: 24380798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the perception of the Spanish population of risk factors for cancer. METHODS Data were extracted from the OncoBarometro 2010 survey. Multivariate logistic models were applied to analyze the perception of the population on the importance of various risk factors: smoking, alcohol, sun, food, weight, sexually transmitted diseases, family history, radiation exposure, exposure to toxic substances and air pollution. The answers were rated on a 0 to 10 scale and were converted to low (0-6) and high (7-10) categories. The measure of association used was the prevalence ratio (PR). RESULTS The greatest importance was assigned to smoking (high importance: 83.1%), whereas the least importance was assigned to weight (26.5%). In general, the probability of perceiving risk factors as important was lower among men (PR sun: 0.87; PR sexually transmitted diseases: 0.78) and increased among people who received professional advice on cancer prevention (PR alcohol: 1.11; PR sun: 1.18; PR food; 1.31; PR weight: 1.92). In particular, knowledge of symptoms and extreme fear of cancer were associated with perceiving smoking as an important risk factor, whereas a high perceived vulnerability to cancer was associated with perceiving exposure to toxic substances, pollution and smoking as important risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Greater awareness is required of the association of cancer with overweight and sexually transmitted diseases. The recommendations given by health professionals on cancer prevention are key to increasing the population's awareness of risk factors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
| | | | - Laura Otero-García
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Red Nacional de Investigación de Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), España
| | - Analía Abt-Sacks
- Red Nacional de Investigación de Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), España; Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud (FUNCIS), España
| | - Mariola Bernal
- Red Nacional de Investigación de Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), España; Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud (FUNCIS), España
| | - Naiara Cambas
- Observatorio del Cáncer, AECC, Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Madrid, España
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Jarosz M, Sekuła W, Rychlik E. Trends in dietary patterns, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, and colorectal cancer in Polish population in 1960-2008. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:183204. [PMID: 24369529 PMCID: PMC3863469 DOI: 10.1155/2013/183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the relationships between long-term trends in food consumption, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Data on CRC incidence rates were derived from the National Cancer Registry, on food consumption from the national food balance sheets; data on alcohol and tobacco smoking reflected official statistics of the Central Statistical Office. It was shown that CRC incidence rates were increasing between 1960 and 1995, which could have been affected by adverse dietary patterns (growing consumption of edible fats, especially animal fats, sugar, red meat, and declining fibre and folate intake), high alcohol consumption, and frequent tobacco smoking noted until the end of the 1980s. Since 1990, the dietary pattern changed favourably (decrease in consumption of red meat, animal fats, and sugar, higher vitamin D intake, increase in vegetables and fruit quantities consumed, and decline in tobacco smoking). These changes could contribute to the stabilisation of CRC incidence among women seen after 1996 and a reduction in the rate of increase among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jarosz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics with Clinic of Metabolic Diseases and Gastroenterology National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska St. 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sekuła
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics with Clinic of Metabolic Diseases and Gastroenterology National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska St. 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Rychlik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics with Clinic of Metabolic Diseases and Gastroenterology National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska St. 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
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Uddin S, Hussain AR, Khan OS, Al-Kuraya KS. Role of dysregulated expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:871-9. [PMID: 24014051 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a multifunctional adipose-derived cytokine that plays a critical role in bodyweight homeostasis and energy balance. Plasma level of leptin is an indicator of the amount of energy stored in adipose tissues. Recently, leptin and leptin receptor dysregulation have been reported in a variety of malignant cells including colorectal cancers (CRCs). There are growing evidence that leptin may be the link between obesity and CRC carcinogenesis. Leptin influence the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via activation of various growth and survival signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, PI3-kinase/AKT, and/or MAP kinases. In this review, current understanding of leptin and its receptor's roles in the pathogenesis of colonogenic cancer has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia,
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), once regarded as an innocuous condition, is now considered to be the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Evidence suggests a strong association between NAFLD and other potentially life-threatening diseases. A significant proportion of these patients develops progressive liver injury leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unrecognized NAFLD constitutes a substantial proportion of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Several large community-based studies have found increased mortality in NAFLD patients compared to the expected mortality of the general population of the same age and sex. Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with NAFLD and accounts for up to 30 % of overall death. Cardiovascular mortality does not seem to differ between simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. NAFLD is associated with increased risk of both hepatic and extra-hepatic malignancy. Malignancy is among the most important causes of death in NAFLD patients. NAFLD is a risk factor for liver cancer even without cirrhosis. The steatotic liver has poor ability to regenerate after volume loss, which may lead to the development of liver failure and increased mortality after extended liver resection. Also, transplantation of steatotic liver results in an increased rate of poor graft function, primary graft non-function, and poorer outcome. There is a high recurrence rate of fatty liver disease in patients transplanted for NASH.
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