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Li Y, Xu C, Ban Y, Xi W, Han Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Influence of health-related behaviors patterns on obesity among primary and secondary school students: A latent profile analysis. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:634-642. [PMID: 38602094 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-existing patterns of health-related behaviors among children and adolescents at different education stages and the association with obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE A total of 5651 primary and secondary school students were drawn from the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2014 with an average age of 13.53 ± 2.87 years. MEASUREMENTS Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed, which concluded height, weight, and health-related behaviors (sleep, physical activity, dietary, and screen behavior et al.). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 was used for other statistical analysis. RESULTS Three latent classes of health-related behaviors were fitted for each of the education stages. After adjustment for age, gender, and region, the high-screen behavior group were 2.217 (95%CI = 1.030-4.772, p = .042) times more likely to be obesity than the health-behavior group in primary school, and the poor-diet group and poor-diet and high-screen behavior group were 2.101 (95%CI = 1.396-3.396, p < .001) and 1.788 (95%CI = 1.003-3.190, p = .049) times more likely to be overweight than the health-behavior group in junior middle school respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is mainly influenced by screen behavior and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. Health-related behavior patterns should be accurately identified and comprehensive joint interventions should be carried out to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Ban
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. A new immunosensing platform based on conjugated Poly(ThidEp-co-EDOT) copolymer for resistin detection, a new obesity biomarker. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:69. [PMID: 38165489 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The design of a novel electrochemical impedimetric biosensor for label-free analysis of resistin, a biomarker for obesity, is reported. For the fabrication of the immunosensor, a novel approach composed of electrochemical copolymerization of double epoxy groups-substituted thiophene (ThidEp) and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers was utilized. Anti-resistin antibodies were covalently attached to the copolymer-coated electrode. The capture of resistin antigens by anti-resistin antibodies caused significant variations in charge transfer resistance (Rct) because of the immunoreactions between these proteins. Under optimum experimental variables, the changes in impedance signals were employed for the determination of resistin antigen concentration, and the prepared immunosensor based on conjugated copolymer illustrated a wide linear range between 0.0125 and 22.5 pg/mL, a low detection limit (LOD) of 3.71 fg/mL, and a good sensitivity of 1.22 kΩ pg-1mL cm2. The excellent analytical performance of the resistin immunosensor in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, storage stability, and low detection limit might be attributed to the conductive copolymer film layer generation on the disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) platform. The capability of this system for the determination of resistin in human serum and saliva samples was also tested. The immunosensor results were in accordance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results. The matrix effects of human serum and saliva were also investigated, and the proposed immunosensor displayed good recovery ranging from 95.91 to 106.25%. The engineered immunosensor could open new avenues for obesity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Seo HS, Lee SH, Yim MH, Jeong YK, Chang GT, Ahn YJ, Lee JD, Chung WS, Ahn SY, Ahn YM, Lee BC, Noh JW, Lee B. Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment for Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2821-2832. [PMID: 37732015 PMCID: PMC10508230 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s426848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrative Korean medicine treatment (IKM), including herbal medicine (HM) and acupuncture, has been widely used for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in South Korea. We investigated the real-world usage status and the potential effect of the IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. Methods Multicenter medical charts were retrospectively reviewed of obese and overweight children and adolescents who visited Korean medicine institutions with the goal of weight control for the first time and received IKM, to analyze the usage status and effect of IKM. We defined IKM responders as those with an improved obesity grade on the body mass index (BMI) percentile and analyzed their characteristics. Results Medical charts of 209 patients (183 obese and 26 overweight) with a mean age of 11.45 years were examined. Patients visited the institution a mean of 5.95 times, and HM alone and HM plus acupuncture were frequently used IKM. HM was prescribed to 205 patients, 167 of whom received an HM prescription containing Ephedrae Herba. An HM of the decoction type was prescribed to 189 patients, and the average treatment duration was 76.54 days. After IKM, the percentile and z-score of BMI and weight significantly declined and height percentile and z-score were significantly enhanced, without serious adverse events. In the IKM responders, age, and the proportion of girls and overweight were significantly higher, and the percentile and z-score of height, weight, and BMI were significantly lower. Conclusion This is the first study to examine the real-world usage of IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. A significant improvement in obesity-related outcome measures after IKM, illustrated the potential effect of IKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sun Seo
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Chang
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Ahn
- Haeundae Hamsoa Korean Medicine Clinic, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Dong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chung
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Hale I, Fergus T, Buhler H, Purcell M, Amed S. RAISE (Raising Infants to Be Smart Eaters) Pilot Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:25-33. [PMID: 35325551 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many of the complex determinants of obesity originate during infancy when small changes in the environment can permanently influence appetite, behavior, and energy metabolism. Parent feeding style ("how" rather than "what" to feed) has emerged as a potentially important factor in early obesity prevention. Objectives: (1) To assess the feasibility of conducting a brief responsive feeding education intervention by public health nurses during routine well-baby visits. (2) To assess whether this intervention affects parents' attitudes and behavior related to responsive feeding. Methods: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative pilot study conducted in two communities. Intervention participants were exposed to enhanced responsive feeding education by public health nurses at routine well-baby visits from 0 to 18 months along with wall posters, handouts, automated text messages and tangible takeaways. Parent knowledge and behavior were measured using the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire and the Toddler Development Index. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by patients and nurses through open text feedback forms and mid-point and exit interviews. Results: Recruitment (18 intervention; 9 control) and retention fell below targets. Average adherence to protocol by nurses from 0 to 12 months was 89%. Delivery of the intervention was feasible and acceptable, but the additional research-related tasks were challenging in a busy clinical setting. Parents found the different formats and information new and helpful. There was a trend toward less nonresponsive (pressuring, restrictive, laissez-faire) feeding practices in the intervention group. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated encouraging results related to overall feasibility and effect on parent feeding style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hale
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Kimberley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Terri Fergus
- Interior Health Authority, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Holly Buhler
- Interior Health Authority, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan Purcell
- East Kootenay Division of Family Practice, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shazhan Amed
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children and Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Kimberley, British Columbia, Canada
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Wang K, Ma J, Li Y, Han Q, Yin Z, Zhou M, Luo M, Chen J, Xia S. Effects of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi leaf on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1024722. [PMID: 36407543 PMCID: PMC9670120 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia argyi leaf is a well-known species in traditional Chinese medicine, and its essential oil (AAEO) has been identified to exert various physiological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AAEO on lipid metabolism and the potential microbial role in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A total of 50 male mice were assigned to five groups for feeding with a control diet (Con), a high-fat diet (HFD), and the HFD plus the low (LEO), medium (MEO), and high (HEO) doses of AAEO. The results demonstrated that dietary HFD markedly increased the body weight gain compared with the control mice (p < 0.05), while mice in the HEO group showed a lower body weight compared to the HFD group (p < 0.05). The weight of fatty tissues and serum lipid indexes (TBA, HDL, and LDL levels) were increased in response to dietary HFD, while there was no significant difference in AAEO-treated mice (p < 0.05). The jejunal villus height was dramatically decreased in HFD-fed mice compared with the control mice, while HEO resulted in a dramatically higher villus height than that in the HFD group (p < 0.05). Microbial α-diversity was not changed in this study, but β-diversity indicated that microbial compositions differed in control, HFD, and EO subjects. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater (p < 0.05) in the feces of the Con group when compared to the HFD and EO groups. On the contrary, the abundance of Muribaculum was lower in the Con group compared to the HFD and EO groups (p < 0.05). Although the Muribaculum in the EO group was lower than that in the HFD group, there was no statistically notable difference between the HFD and EO groups (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, the relative abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05) and Rikenella (p < 0.05) was also dramatically higher in the Con group than in the HFD and EO groups. The abundance of norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 was lower in the HFD or EO group than in the Con group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested that HEO could affect body weight and lipid metabolism without gut microbes in ICR mice, and it was beneficial for the structure of the jejunal epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Han
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangzheng Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Luo
- Agricultural Service Center, Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siting Xia
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen M, Yin W, Sung-Chan P, Wang Z, Shi J. The Interactive Role of Family Functioning among BMI Status, Physical Activity, and High-Fat Food in Adolescents: Evidence from Shanghai, China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194053. [PMID: 36235707 PMCID: PMC9572029 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Family functioning (FF), physical activity (PA), and high-fat food consumption (HF) are associated with adolescents being overweight and obese; however, little is known about their interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how they work jointly on adolescent obesity with BMI as the outcome variable. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a cluster sampling design was conducted. Multinomial logistic regressions, multiplication interaction (MI), and marginal effects (MEs) were tested. Results: Active PA (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.260, 95% CI [1.318, 3.874]; overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.096, 95% CI [1.167, 3.766]), healthy HF (non-overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.048, 95% CI [1.105, 3.796]) and healthy FF (overweight vs. obesity: OR = 2.084, 95% CI [1.099, 3.952]) reduced obesity risk. Overweight students with healthy FF were less likely to become obese regardless of PA (inactive: OR = 2.181, 95% CI [1.114, 4.272]; active: OR = 3.870, 95% CI [1.719, 8.713]) or HF (unhealthy: OR = 4.615, 95% CI [1.049, 20.306]; healthy: OR = 5.116, 95% CI [1.352, 19.362]). The MEs of inactive PA and unhealthy FF were −0.071, 0.035, and 0.036 for non-overweight, overweight, and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05); the MEs of HF and healthy FF individuals were −0.267 and 0.198 for non-overweight and obese individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Unhealthy FF regulated the influence of inactive PA or unhealthy HF on adolescent obesity, altogether leading to a higher risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pauline Sung-Chan
- Hong Kong Institute of Economics & Business Strategy, HKU School of Business, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (Z.W.); (J.S.)
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Prenatal Education Intervention for Increasing Knowledge and Changing Attitude Toward Offspring Obesity Risk Factors. J Perinat Educ 2022; 31:94-103. [PMID: 35386491 PMCID: PMC8970135 DOI: 10.1891/jpe-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design study pilot tested an educational intervention designed to increase knowledge of and change attitudes toward prenatal factors that increase risk of childhood offspring obesity in 36 pregnant women. Educational intervention content included monitoring blood glucose, gestational weight gain in pregnancy, healthy lifestyle choices, and breastfeeding. Education intervention delivery method included: Verbal, written, and video. Participants’ knowledge improved after the intervention for most topics (p = .03–.000). Their attitude score also differed before and after intervention (p = .002). Video delivery mode was the most useful, attractive, and most helpful method. This study showed an education intervention could potentially increase pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes toward offspring obesity risk factors.
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Yang XY, Zhong DY, Wang GL, Zhang RG, Zhang YL. Effect of Walnut Meal Peptides on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:1410. [PMID: 33922242 PMCID: PMC8146006 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural active substance that can effectively improve blood lipid balance in the body, hypolipidemic active peptides have attracted the attention of scholars. In this study, the effect of walnut meal peptides (WMP) on lipid metabolism was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental results show that feeding walnut meal peptides counteracted the high-fat diet-induced increase in body, liver and epididymal fat weight, and reduce the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content. Walnut meal peptides also resulted in increased HDL-cholesterol while reducing the atherosclerosis index (AI). Additionally, the stained pathological sections of the liver showed that the walnut meal peptides reduced hepatic steatosis and damage caused by HFD. Furthermore, walnut meal peptide supplementation was associated with normalization of elevated apolipoprotein (Apo)-B and reduced Apo-A1 induced by the high-fat diet and with favorable changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (LCAT, CYP7A1, HMGR, FAS). The results indicate that walnut meal peptides can effectively prevent the harmful effects of a high-fat diet on body weight, lipid metabolism and liver fat content in rats, and provide, and provide a reference for the further development of walnut meal functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - You-Lin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.Z.); (G.-L.W.); (R.-G.Z.)
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10
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Schlieber M, Han J. The Role of Sleep in Young Children's Development: A Review. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:205-217. [PMID: 33825621 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1908218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of studies highlighting the importance of sleep in young children's development and summarizes research-based strategies for implementing healthy sleep practices. Sleep problems are common among young children and is one of the most commonly expressed concerns reported by caregivers. Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep schedules may affect children's physical health, cognitive capacity, socioemotional processes, and behavioral functioning, with implications for children's development and well-being. Family context and factors, confounded with cultural variables, play a critical role in children's sleep behavior and practices. This article presents research-based recommendations to enhance knowledge about children's sleep and to promote appropriate practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schlieber
- Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jisu Han
- Graduate School of Education, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
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Roy M, Haszard JJ, Savage JS, Yolton K, Beebe DW, Xu Y, Galland B, Paul IM, Mindell JA, Mihrshahi S, Wen LM, Taylor B, Richards R, Morenga LT, Taylor RW. Bedtime, body mass index and obesity risk in preschool-aged children. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12650. [PMID: 32372572 PMCID: PMC7745736 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity in young children, less is known about other aspects of sleep health, including bedtime, on obesity risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether bedtime is associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score or obesity risk in children ages 2 to 5 years, and to determine if associations are independent of sleep duration. METHODS Cohort analyses were undertaken using three early life obesity prevention trials (POI, INSIGHT, Healthy Beginnings) and a longitudinal cohort study (HOME). Bedtime was assessed by questionnaire and BMI through clinical measurement between 2 and 5 years in 1642 children. Adjusted regression models examined whether BMI z-score and obesity (BMI z-score ≥ 2) were associated with bedtime, nocturnal sleep time and 24-hour sleep time. A discrete mixture model categorized children into bedtime trajectory groups across time points. RESULTS Bedtime was inconsistently associated with BMI z-score. Although each hour later of bedtime was associated with greater odds of obesity at ages 3 (OR; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.003, 1.10) and 5 (1.35; 1.08, 1.69) years, odds were attenuated after adjustment for nocturnal or 24-hour sleep time. Longer nocturnal sleep duration at 2 years was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR 0.90; 0.86, 0.94), as was longer 24-hour sleep duration at 3 years in girls (0.70; 0.62, 0.78). BMI z-score and odds of obesity were not significantly different between 'early to bed' and 'late to bed' trajectory groups. CONCLUSIONS Timing of bedtime appears inconsistently related to obesity in young children, possibly via influencing overall sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dean W. Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barbara Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jodi A. Mindell
- Saint Joseph’s University and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry Taylor
- Office of the Dean, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosalina Richards
- Centre for Pacific Health, Va’a o Tautai, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Te Morenga
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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Tojjar J, Norström F, Myléus A, Carlsson A. The Impact of Parental Diabetes on the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity. Child Obes 2020; 16:258-264. [PMID: 32271617 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Obesity among children and adolescents is a worldwide public health concern. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence are increasing, with heredity and socioeconomic status as possible risk factors. How these factors affect the risk of childhood obesity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and parental diabetes among 12-year-olds in Sweden, and how it relates to parental education level. Methods: We used data collected within the Exploring the Iceberg of Celiacs in Sweden (ETICS) study, a cross-sectional multicenter national screening study for celiac disease in 12-year-old children. Relative risk (RR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the association between parental diabetes and obesity, also stratifying for gender and highest parental education. Results: Among 11,050 children, for both children with parental T1D and T2D, 31% of the children were overweight or obese, compared with 21% among other children. Comparing those with parental T1D with those without parental T1D within gender, boys had a statistically significant higher risk [RR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3-2.0)], and girls had a nonsignificant increased risk [RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.95-1.8)], of being overweight. For children with parental T2D, both boys and girls had a statistically significant increased risk of 1.5. Parental education showed no sign of influencing the RRs. Conclusions: Parental diabetes is associated with an increased risk of overweight among children, independent of parental education. Concomitant parental diabetes and overweight should be particularly alarming criteria when prioritizing preventive interventions at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasaman Tojjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Norström
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health and Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Myléus
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health and Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Andrade de Medeiros Moreira R, Ricardo Moreira T, Dias da Costa G, Vidigal Castro LC, Minardi Mitre Cotta R. Multilevel analysis of factors that influence overweight in children: research in schools enrolled in northern Brazil School Health Program. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:188. [PMID: 32345250 PMCID: PMC7187501 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study evaluates children in schools that participate in the School Health Program in the Northern region of Brazil with the objective of assessing whether their schools interfered in the development of overweight/obesity and how individual and school environment variables behave according to contextual analysis. METHODS The analyses were carried out with 1036 children from 25 municipal public schools in Northern Brazil that participated in the School Health Program. We evaluated both individual characteristics and scholar environment through univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to identify which of these factors were related to overweight/obesity as well as the effect of varying such associations. RESULTS The considered individuals had an median age of 8 years, being 54.9% female and 27.8% presenting overweight/obesity. In multivariate logistic regression, the overweight/obesity variance in schools was 0.386 (individual variables) and 0.102 (individual and school variables), explaining 23.7% of the variation, reduction of ICC and MOR. The Akaike Information Criterion between the models was reduced and the likelihood ratio indicated better adequacy of the latter model. The investigated children had a greater chance of developing overweight/obesity when they performed 2+ sedentary activities/day, depending on school location as well as whether or not candies were sold in the school surroundings. On the other hand, a lower chance of developing overweight/obesity was identified in children that ate 5+ meals/day and practiced dance at school. CONCLUSION We observed that the variables inherent to both individuals and schools favored the development of overweight/obesity in children. It is relevant that scholar curriculums incorporate healthy eating interventions and encourage body practices associated with policies that restrain the sale of ultra-processed food in schools as well as the development of intersectoral actions between education and health to control childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Andrade de Medeiros Moreira
- Curso de Nutrição, Câmpus de Palmas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, Avenida NS 15, ALCNO-14, Bloco de Apoio Logístico e Administrativo 1 (BALA1) 2º andar, sala 19, Curso de Nutrição. Bairro, Plano Diretor Norte, Palmas, Tocantins 77001-090 Brazil
| | - Tiago Ricardo Moreira
- Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Câmpus Universitário, Bairro Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Glauce Dias da Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Prédio CCBII, Câmpus Universitário, Bairro Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Luiza Carla Vidigal Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Prédio CCBII, Câmpus Universitário, Bairro Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Prédio CCBII, Câmpus Universitário, Bairro Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
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Brazilian Children's Dietary Intake in Relation to Brazil's New Nutrition Guidelines: a Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:145-166. [PMID: 30927218 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This systematic review reports the latest scientific evidence, from cross-sectional and cohort studies, describing the dietary intake of children and adolescents from Brazil. The goal of the review was to describe intakes according to Brazil's new food classification system (NOVA) which classifies foods according to the degree of processing, i.e., unprocessed/minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed food, and ultra-processed food. Due to a paucity of data using the NOVA classification system, studies with other intake descriptors were included. RECENT FINDINGS Results using the NOVA system showed a somewhat high intake of (ultra-)processed items, than of minimally processed items. Studies using other methods of dietary assessment showed not only high intake of sources rich in fat, sugar, and sodium, most of them processed items (e.g., savory snacks and sweets) but also intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Overall, the literature was marred by inconsistencies and variation in study definitions and methods making it hard to make firm conclusions regarding the dietary intake of Brazilian children. The development of tools to evaluate the complexities of dietary intake is much needed. Such a tool needs to be accepted and adopted by numerous study groups, to describe dietary status among Brazilian children and devise the most effective, and to evaluate the success of nutrition education programs.
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15
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Kara O. Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:110-114. [PMID: 32164046 PMCID: PMC7073379 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2019.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition in obese children. However, its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children remains controversial. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the association between SH and metabolic parameters. METHODS A total of 215 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The patients' anthropometric measurements such as thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The patients were allocated to the SH group (fT4 normal, TSH 5-10 mIU/L) (n=77) or the control group (fT4 normal, TSH<5 mIU/L) (n=138). The glucose and lipid metabolisms of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS SH was identified in 77 of 215 patients (36%). Mean body mass index was similar in both groups. The mean serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the SH group than in the control group (P=0.007, P=0.004, P=0.01, and P=0.02, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TSH level and insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG level. CONCLUSION SH was identified in some of the obese children and adolescents. A clear association was observed between SH, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kara
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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16
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Öztürk H, Özen B, Çatlı G, Dündar BN. Macular Variability in Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study Examining the Associations with Anthropometric Measurements, Metabolic Parameters and Inflammatory Markers. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:63-70. [PMID: 31434461 PMCID: PMC7127882 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macular damage may be observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition which leads to chronic subclinical inflammation and affects most organ systems. To investigate the association between macular variability and anthropometric measurements, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with MetS. METHODS Two hundred and twenty eyes of 62 obese and 48 healthy children and adolescents were examined. Bilateral macular retinal thickness (MRT) and macular retinal volume (MRV) were measured in all subjects using optical coherence tomography. Associations between mean MRT and mean MRV and age, auxological measurements including body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and waist circumference-SDS (WC-SDS), metabolic parameters and inflammatory parameters including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII) were investigated. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of age or sex distribution (p>0.05). Mean MRT (r=-0.326, p=0.007) and MRV (r=-0.303, p=0.007) values in the obese group with MetS decreased as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values increased. SIII values were higher in obese groups, but particularly in obese subject with MetS, compared to the control group (p=0.021). The decrease in mean MRT (r=-0.544, p=0.046) and MRV (r=-0.651, p=0.031) in the obese subjects with MetS was negatively correlated with NLR. Mean MRT and MRV decreased in all obese subjects as SIII increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that mean MRT and MRV values decrease as BMI-SDS, WC-SDS and HOMA-IR increase in obese children and adolescents with MetS. NLR and SIII may serve as markers of chronic inflammation in obese children with MetS associated with macular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bediz Özen
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 469 69 69 E-mail:
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin N. Dündar
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
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Kim J, Lim H. Nutritional Management in Childhood Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:225-235. [PMID: 31909365 PMCID: PMC6939706 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents poses a major concern worldwide. Dietary practice in these critical periods affects physical and cognitive development and has consequences in later life. Therefore, acquiring healthy eating behaviors that will endure is important for children and adolescents. Nutrition management has been applied to numerous childhood obesity intervention studies. Diverse forms of nutrition education and counseling, key messages, a Mediterranean-style hypocaloric diet, and nutritional food selection have been implemented as dietary interventions. The modification of dietary risk in terms of nutrients, foods, dietary patterns, and dietary behaviors has been applied to changing problematic dietary factors. However, it is not easy to identify the effectiveness of nutritional management because of the complex and interacting components of any multicomponent approach to intervention in childhood obesity. In this review, we describe the modifiable dietary risk factors and nutritional components of previous nutrition intervention studies for nutritional management in childhood obesity. Furthermore, we suggest evidence-based practice in nutrition care for obese children and adolescents by considering obesity-related individual and environmental dietary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin,
Korea
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18
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Pattison KL, Kraschnewski JL, Lehman E, Savage JS, Downs DS, Leonard KS, Adams EL, Paul IM, Kjerulff KH. Breastfeeding initiation and duration and child health outcomes in the first baby study. Prev Med 2019; 118:1-6. [PMID: 30287329 PMCID: PMC6322935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of breastmilk, associations between breastfeeding and child overall health outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to understand associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes, including child weight, through age 3. Analysis included women (N = 3006) in the longitudinal, prospective First Baby Study from 2009 to 2014. For this analysis, breastfeeding initiation and duration were measured using self-reported data from the 1-, 6- and 12-month surveys; child illnesses were analyzed from the 6-, 12-, and 24-month interviews; height and weight at age 3 were used to determine overweight/obese (≥85th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile). Adjusted logistic regressions were utilized to determine significance. Greater duration of breastfeeding was associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months (p < 0.001) and fewer diarrheal illness/constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months (p = 0.05) in adjusted analyses. Fewer breastfed children, compared to non-breastfed children, were overweight/obese (23.5% vs. 37.8%; p = 0.032) or obese (9.1% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.012) at age 3. Breastfeeding duration was negatively associated with overweight/obese (never breastfed: 37.8%, 0-6 months: 26.9%, >6 months: 20.2%; p = 0.020) and obesity (never breastfed: 21.6%, 0-6 months: 11.0%, >6 months: 7.3%; p = 0.012). Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that duration of breastfeeding is associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months of age and diarrheal illness and/or constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months. Additionally, results from our study suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding from childhood overweight/obesity, as children who received breastmilk for 6 months or longer had lower odds of overweight/obesity at age 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Pattison
- Penn State PRO Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer L Kraschnewski
- Penn State PRO Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Erik Lehman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center of Childhood Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Krista S Leonard
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L Adams
- Center of Childhood Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
| | - Ian M Paul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Kristen H Kjerulff
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America
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Słowik J, Grochowska-Niedworok E, Maciejewska-Paszek I, Kardas M, Niewiadomska E, Szostak-Trybuś M, Palka-Słowik M, Irzyniec T. Nutritional Status Assessment in Children and Adolescents with Various Levels of Physical Activity in Aspect of Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:554-563. [PMID: 31639803 PMCID: PMC6876601 DOI: 10.1159/000502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rational way of nourishment, combined with adequate physical activity, are the basic components of maintaining proper body condition. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate nutritional status among children and adolescents with different levels of physical activity. METHODS The study group consisted of 1,013 students of both genders aged between 7 and 18 years attending elementary and post-primary schools (general and sports profile) in Siemianowice Slaskie. RESULTS The crude body mass index (BMI) values ranged from 12.78 to 35.3. Body mass within the limits of arbitrary standard referred to 70% of the examined group, overweight or obesity was found in over 25%. Percentage of body fat (FATP) values ranged from 5.7 to 45.2%. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of children and adolescents were overweight or obese based on BMI categories and FATP values. Overweight and obesity were most common among younger children, particularly boys. Higher torso FATP levels were more common among sports-oriented class students. BMI is not a good tool for the determination of the nutritional status of children and adolescents, while the bioelectric impedance method enables one to conduct a precise analysis of adipose tissue content and location. Sports-oriented elementary school students from the study group were characterized by higher FATP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Słowik
- Private Medical Practice "Familia", Siemianowice Slaskie, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Maciejewska-Paszek
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Kardas
- Department of Dietetics, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland,
| | - Magdalena Szostak-Trybuś
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Irzyniec
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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20
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Ruggiero CF, Poirier L, Trude ACB, Yang T, Schwendler T, Gunen B, Loh IH, Perepezko K, Nam CS, Sato P, Gittelsohn J. Implementation of B'More Healthy Communities for Kids: process evaluation of a multi-level, multi-component obesity prevention intervention. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2018; 33:458-472. [PMID: 30202959 PMCID: PMC6293311 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
B'More Healthy Communities for Kids was a multi-level, multi-component obesity prevention intervention to improve access, demand and consumption of healthier foods and beverages in 28 low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City, MD. Process evaluation assesses the implementation of an intervention and monitor progress. To the best of our knowledge, little detailed process data from multi-level obesity prevention trials have been published. Implementation of each intervention component (wholesaler, recreation center, carryout restaurant, corner store, policy and social media/text messaging) was classified as high, medium or low according to set standards. The wholesaler component achieved high implementation for reach, dose delivered and fidelity. Recreation center and carryout restaurant components achieved medium reach, dose delivered and fidelity. Corner stores achieved medium reach and dose delivered and high fidelity. The policy component achieved high reach and medium dose delivered and fidelity. Social media/text messaging achieved medium reach and high dose delivered and fidelity. Overall, study reach and dose delivered achieved a high implementation level, whereas fidelity achieved a medium level. Varying levels of implementation may have balanced the performance of an intervention component for each process evaluation construct. This detailed process evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids allowed the assessment of implementation successes, failures and challenges of each intervention component.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Ruggiero
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Poirier
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A C B Trude
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Yang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Schwendler
- Peace Corps, Serekunda, The Gambia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B Gunen
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I H Loh
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Perepezko
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C S Nam
- Joint Learning Initiative on Faith and Local Communities, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P Sato
- University of S�o Paulo, S�o Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Gittelsohn
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Arango-Angarita A, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Serra-Majem L, Shamah-Levy T. Dietary Energy Density and Its Association with Overweight or Obesity in Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1612. [PMID: 30388849 PMCID: PMC6266059 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy density (DED) has been identified as a crucial dietary factor in body weight control, in that higher DED has been associated with weight gain. To our knowledge, no review studies have explained this association specifically in adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the association of DED with overweight or obesity (OW/O) in adolescents, as derived from observational studies. We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Science Direct databases, including studies published between January 2000 and December 2017. We selected the studies that included adolescents (aged 10⁻19 years) and contained DED-related information and anthropometric measurements of OW/O. From 1149 candidate studies, 30 were selected, though only 12 met all the inclusion criteria. Of these, only four found a positive association between DED and certain OW/O indicators, six found no association and two showed an inverse association with weight gain. These studies differed in several aspects such as design, DED calculation method and dietary assessment tool, leading to inconsistent results. Methodological differences found among the examined studies did not allow us to establish a clear conclusion of this association. Evidence in adolescents was also poor. New, standardized methodological approaches should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arango-Angarita
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, CP, Spain.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
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Food environment, social deprivation and obesity among students from Brazilian public schools. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:1920-1927. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898001800112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between social deprivation and the food environment. Furthermore, to evaluate if the food environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity among students in Brazilian public schools.DesignCross-sectional. For the classification of obesity, weight and height were measured, and the cut-off point of BMI-for-age Z-score >+2 was adopted. Social deprivation level was determined from the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). To assess the food environment, the density of food establishments in urban residential areas was calculated. Associations between the food environment and the presence of obesity were estimated by binary logistic regression through a generalized estimating equations model.SettingJuiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.SubjectsChildren and adolescents (n 661) aged 7–14 years.ResultsThe lowest social deprivation level showed a higher density of all types of establishments that sold predominantly unhealthy foods. An inverse association was found between the density of supermarkets and hypermarkets and the presence of obesity (OR=0·58; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·93). For the other categories of food retailers, no significant differences were found.ConclusionsThe findings reinforce the need for public policies that promote equality in the food environments of the city. Also, further investigations into the influence of the presence of supermarkets on the nutritional status of children and adolescents are required.
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Safiri S, Hajizadeh N, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Asayesh H, Mansourian M. Socioeconomic inequality in childhood obesity and its determinants: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:131-139. [PMID: 28822712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity has become a priority health concern worldwide. Socioeconomic status is one of its main determinants. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality of obesity in children and adolescents at national and provincial levels in Iran. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012, as part of a national school-based surveillance program performed in 40,000 students, aged 6-18-years, from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Using principle component analysis, the socioeconomic status of participants was categorized to quintiles. Socioeconomic status inequality in excess weight was estimated by calculating the prevalence of excess weight (i.e., overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity) across the socioeconomic status quintiles, the concentration index, and slope index of inequality. The determinants of this inequality were determined by the Oaxaca Blinder decomposition. RESULTS Overall, 36,529 students completed the study (response rate: 91.32%); 50.79% of whom were boys and 74.23% were urban inhabitants. The mean (standard deviation) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The prevalence of overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.51%, 8.35%, and 17.87%, respectively. The SII for overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity was -0.1, -0.1 and -0.15, respectively. Concentration index for overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity was positive, which indicate inequality in favor of low socioeconomic status groups. Area of residence, family history of obesity, and age were the most contributing factors to the inequality of obesity prevalence observed between the highest and lowest socioeconomic status groups. CONCLUSION This study provides considerable information on the high prevalence of excess weight in families with higher socioeconomic status at national and provincial levels. These findings can be used for international comparisons and for healthcare policies, improving their programming by considering differences at provincial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Karaj, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy of Research and Technology, Development of Research & Technology Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hajizadeh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Qom University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tehran, Iran
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Özen B, Öztürk H, Çatlı G, Dündar B. An Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Non-Diabetic Obese Children and Adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 10:13-18. [PMID: 28739552 PMCID: PMC5838367 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity affects almost all systems in the body. This includes the retinal nerve fibers which may be damaged due to a chronic inflammatory process. To determine changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in non-diabetic children and adolescents using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate the relationship between this change, metabolic risk factors and pubertal stage. METHODS Thirty-eight obese and 40 healthy children and adolescents aged 10-18 years were included in the study. RNFL measurements from the optic disk and all surrounding quadrants were obtained using OCT from both eyes of the individuals in the study groups. Correlations between RNFL thickness and age, auxological measurements, pubertal stage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and lipid values were investigated. RESULTS A general decrease was observed in RNFL thickness in obese subjects compared to the controls, the decrease being highest in the inferior quadrant, although these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). RNFL thickness was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) in both groups (control group r=-0.345, p=0.029; obese group r=-0.355, p=0.022). Significant negative correlations were determined between diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and RNFL thickness (r=-0.366, p=0.024; r=-0.394, p=0.016; and r=-0.374, p=0.022, respectively) in the obese group, while there was no association between these parameters and RNFL thickness in the control group. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, no statistically significant difference in RNFL thicknesses between the obese and control groups was determined. However, RNFL thickness was found to decrease in both healthy and obese children as BMI-SDS values increased. Further prospective studies may be of benefit to determine whether the decrease in RNFL values might become more pronounced on long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bediz Özen
- University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 469 69 69 E-mail:
| | - Hakan Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Dündar
- Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
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Matwiejczyk L, Mehta K, Scott J, Tonkin E, Coveney J. Characteristics of Effective Interventions Promoting Healthy Eating for Pre-Schoolers in Childcare Settings: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030293. [PMID: 29494537 PMCID: PMC5872711 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings have a pivotal role in shaping children’s dietary food habits by providing the contextual environment within which they develop these behaviours. This study examines systematic reviews for (1) the effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy eating in children aged 2–5 years attending centre-based childcare; (2) intervention characteristics which are associated with promoting healthy eating and; (3) recommendations for child-health policies and practices. An Umbrella review of systematic reviews was undertaken using a standardized search strategy in ten databases. Twelve systematic reviews were examined using validated critical appraisal and data extraction tools. Children’s dietary food intake and food choices were significantly influenced. Interventions to prevent obesity did not significantly change children’s anthropometric measures or had mixed results. Evidence was more convincing if interventions were multi-component, addressed physical activity and diet, targeted individual-level and environmental-level determinants and engaged parents. Positive outcomes were mostly facilitated by researchers/external experts and these results were not replicated when implemented in centres by ECEC providers without this support. The translation of expert-led interventions into practice warrants further exploration of implementation drivers and barriers. Based on the evidence reviewed, recommendations are made to inform child-health directed practices and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Matwiejczyk
- College Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Kaye Mehta
- College Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jane Scott
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Emma Tonkin
- College Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - John Coveney
- College Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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26
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Safiri S, Hajizadeh N, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Asayesh H, Mansourian M. Socioeconomic inequality in childhood obesity and its determinants: a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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27
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Miller MA, Kruisbrink M, Wallace J, Ji C, Cappuccio FP. Sleep duration and incidence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy018 pmid: 29401314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Miller
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marlot Kruisbrink
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Wallace
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Chen Ji
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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28
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Miller MA, Kruisbrink M, Wallace J, Ji C, Cappuccio FP. Sleep duration and incidence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep 2018; 41:4833233. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Miller
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marlot Kruisbrink
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Wallace
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Chen Ji
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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29
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Tung YT, Chen HL, Wu HS, Ho MH, Chong KY, Chen CM. Kefir Peptides Prevent Hyperlipidemia and Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats via Lipid Metabolism Modulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences; Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources; Da-Yeh University; Changhwa 515 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shan Wu
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan 333 Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences; Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine and the iEGG Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
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30
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Mosley MA, Banna JC, Lim E, Fialkowski MK, Novotny R. Dietary patterns change over two years in early adolescent girls in Hawai'i. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2017; 27:238-245. [PMID: 29222904 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.052017.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In investigating diet-disease relationships, examination of dietary patterns allows for conclusions to be drawn based on overall intake. This study characterized dietary patterns of early adolescent girls over a two-year period and examined the relationship between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses were performed using longitudinal data from food records of early adolescent girls (n=148) 9 to 14 years in Hawai'i from the Female Adolescent Maturation (FAM) study. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Pearson's correlations between BMI percentile and z-score and dietary pattern factor scores at Times 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2002-2003) were calculated. For each dietary pattern, participants were divided into low, intermediate, and high scorers. Mean BMI percentiles and z-scores were compared between groups using analysis of covariance. RESULTS At Time 1, three patterns were identified, characterized by: (1) whole grains, nuts and seeds, added sugar; (2) non-whole grain, tomatoes, discretionary fat; and (3) deep yellow vegetables, other starchy vegetables, cooked dry beans/peas. At Time 2, three different dietary patterns emerged: (1) non-whole grains, meat, discretionary fat; (2) other vegetables, fish, eggs; and (3) whole grain, tomatoes, other vegetables. BMI percentile and z-score differed between high and low scorers on Time 1-Pattern 1 and Time 2-Pattern 3. CONCLUSION Results revealed changes in dietary patterns over time and an association between intake and BMI. Findings demonstrate the importance of frequent nutrition assessment to monitor changes in intake that may be improved to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ann Mosley
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Jinan C Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States.
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Office of Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Marie Kainoa Fialkowski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
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Ansari H, Qorbani M, Rezaei F, Djalalinia S, Asadi M, Miranzadeh S, Motlagh ME, Bayat S, Safiri S, Safari O, Shamsizadeh M, Kelishadi R. Association of birth weight with abdominal obesity and weight disorders in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:140-146. [PMID: 29118946 PMCID: PMC5670335 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the association of birth weight (BW) with weight disorders in a national sample of Iranian pediatric population. Methods: This nationwide survey was conducted among 25000 student's aged 6-18 year-old students, who were selected using multistage cluster random sampling from 30 provinces of Iran in 2011-2012. Anthropometric measures were measured under standard protocols by using calibrated instruments. Abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile value for age and sex. The WHO criterion was used to categorize BMI. Students' BW was asked from parents using validate questionnaire and was categorized as low BW (LBW) (BW <2500 g), normal BW (NBW) (BW: 2500-4000 g) and high BW (HBW) (BW>4000 g). Results: This national survey was conducted among 23043 school students (participation rate: 92.6%). The mean age of participants (50.8% boys) was 12.54 ± 3.31 years. Results of multivariate logistic regression show that LBW increased odds of underweight (OR [odds ratio]: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.89) and students with HBW had decreased odds of underweight (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.93) compared to students with NBW. Students with LBW compared to student with NBW had decreased odds of overweight (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) and general obesity (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). On the other hand, HBW increased odd of overweight (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.50), generalized obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.96) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.49) compared to NBW group. Conclusion: BW is a determinant of weight disorders and abdominal obesity in childhood and adolescence. This finding underscores the importance of prenatal care as well as close monitoring of the growth pattern of children born with low or high BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Miranzadeh
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sahel Bayat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Niegawa T, Takitani K, Takaya R, Ishiro M, Kuroyanagi Y, Okasora K, Minami Y, Matsuda T, Tamai H. Evaluation of uric acid levels, thyroid function, and anthropometric parameters in Japanese children with Down syndrome. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:146-152. [PMID: 28955133 PMCID: PMC5612823 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by congenital abnormalities as well as mental retardation. From the neonatal stage through adolescence, patients with Down syndrome often have several complications. Thus, it is important to attain knowledge of the prevalence of these comorbidities in children with Down syndrome. We, therefore, evaluated the biochemical data, thyroid function, and anthropometric parameters, and analyzed the association among them in Japanese children and early adolescents with Down syndrome. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity and overweight between boys and girls. The level of uric acid was higher in boys than in girls. Moreover, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was also higher in boys than in girls (approximately 32% and 10%, respectively). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in children with Down syndrome was approximately 20%, with no significant sex differences. The levels of uric acid and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were positively associated with age, while the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine had a negative association with age. Overall, children with Down syndrome, exhibit a higher incidence of hyperuricemia. Therefore, uric acid levels, as well as thyroid function, from childhood to early adulthood should be monitored in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Niegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Takitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Ibaraki Hospital, 2-1-45 Mitsukeyama, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0035, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, 1-2 Kawazonocho, Suita, Osaka 564-0013, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okasora
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirakata City Hospital, 2-14-1 Kinyahonmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1013, Japan
| | - Yukako Minami
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Kelishadi R, Roufarshbaf M, Soheili S, Payghambarzadeh F, Masjedi M. Association of Childhood Obesity and the Immune System: A Systematic Review of Reviews. Child Obes 2017; 13:332-346. [PMID: 28604080 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of childhood obesity has become a serious health problem over the past decades. As the immune system is greatly affected by excess weight, in this review of reviews, we discuss the findings of review articles about the relationship between childhood/maternal obesity and children's immune system. We searched English-language articles in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Thomson Reuters, and Google Scholar databases. All relevant reviews, either systematic or narrative, were retrieved. Then their quality was assessed by using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews and International Narrative Systematic Assessment tools, respectively. In the final step, 26 reviews were included. Our review suggests that childhood obesity is associated with extensive changes in the serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and proteins, as well as the number of immune cells and their behavior. Therefore, it might cause or exacerbate diseases such as asthma, allergy, atopic dermatitis (AD), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Moreover, childhood obesity may reduce the immune system responsiveness to vaccines and microorganisms. Furthermore, studies suggest that maternal obesity increases the risk of asthma in offspring. Future studies are needed to determine different associations of childhood obesity with allergy, atophic dermatitis, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- 1 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Roufarshbaf
- 2 Pharmacy Students' Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Sina Soheili
- 2 Pharmacy Students' Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Farzaneh Payghambarzadeh
- 3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- 3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IR Iran
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Gori D, Guaraldi F, Cinocca S, Moser G, Rucci P, Fantini MP. Effectiveness of educational and lifestyle interventions to prevent paediatric obesity: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:235-248. [PMID: 29071100 PMCID: PMC5649699 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review and meta-analysis aim at updating a previous meta-analysis carried out by Waters et al. on the efficacy of interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity and at identifying predictors of outcome. METHODS Using an ad-hoc search string, PubMed database was searched for studies assessing body mass index reduction associated with programmes lasting ≥12 weeks in overweight and obese children aged 2-18 years. Studies designed for children with eating disorders or relevant comorbidities were excluded. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were classified according to patient age (<6, 6-12 and 13-18 years), and intervention type (physical activity, diet or both), setting (educational, family or both) and duration (≤1 or >1 year). The search was also extended to other databases. Hand-searching techniques were also applied. The Cochrane 'risk of bias' was applied for quality assessment. RESULTS Seventy-two studies were meta-analysed. Overall, the best results were achieved by programmes combining diet and physical activity (n = 39). With regard to the setting, programmes involving both school and family and lasting ≤1 year were the most efficacious for 6- to 12-year-old children (n = 26); family-based-only interventions were also effective in children <6 years old (n = 2), although results have to be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of patients enrolled and the high study heterogeneity. In 13- to 18-year-old patients, interventions delivered at school (n = 8) were substantially unsuccessful. CONCLUSIONS Interventions for childhood obesity prevention should include both diet and physical activity, be preferentially targeted towards school age children and involve both the school and family setting. However, because of the important methodological limitations associated with currently available literature, additional studies are needed to draw definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - F Guaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - S Cinocca
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - G Moser
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - P Rucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - M P Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Protano C, Valeriani F, Macedonio A, Cammarota F, Romano Spica V, Orsi GB, Vitali M. Family-based social determinants and child health: Cross-sectional study. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:201-208. [PMID: 27454338 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urbanization of residential area, parent education level, employment status, overweight/obesity, physical activity, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), in a sample of healthy Italian school-age children (5-11 years). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 432 children resident, respectively, in a highly urban and in a rural area (Latium Region) in 2014. Information on children and families were obtained via questionnaire. RESULTS One-third of children were overweight or obese, 15% did not participate in any sport outside school, and more than one-third were exposed to ETS in the domestic environment. Living in a rural area (adjusted OR, 2.55; 95%CI: 1.18-5.52) and lower maternal education (adjusted OR, 2.32; 95%CI: 1.03-5.27) were significant predictors of overweight/obese status. Moreover, lower maternal education level (adjusted OR, 2.74; 95%CI: 1.40-5.33) and paternal education level (adjusted OR, 3.06; 95%CI: 1.54-6.07) were significant predictors of ETS exposure. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to investigate the reasons underlying the higher frequency of overweight/obesity in children living in rural environments compared with those in urban areas; and preventative actions should be designed to be easily understood by those with lower education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Macedonio
- Health Services and Management, Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cammarota
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Battista Orsi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Conceição EPS, Moura EG, Oliveira E, Guarda DS, Figueiredo MS, Quitete FT, Calvino C, Miranda RA, Mathias PCF, Manhães AC, Lisboa PC. Dietary calcium supplementation in adult rats reverts brown adipose tissue dysfunction programmed by postnatal early overfeeding. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Serlachius A, Elovainio M, Juonala M, Shea S, Sabin M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pulkki-Råback L. High perceived social support protects against the intergenerational transmission of obesity: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Prev Med 2016; 90:79-85. [PMID: 27394090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aims were to assess whether offspring social support moderates the relationship between parental body mass index (BMI) and offspring BMI. METHODS A prospective design was used with an analytic sample of 1049 participants from Finland (the offspring) who were 35-50years old in 2012 when adulthood BMI was measured. Parental BMI was self-reported at baseline in 1980. Offspring social support was measured in 2007 when participants were 30-45years old. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine whether there was an interaction between parental BMI and offspring social support when predicting offspring BMI in adulthood. An analysis of simple slopes and multilevel growth curve modeling were used to further examine the interaction. RESULTS The interaction between maternal BMI and offspring social support was significantly and negatively related to offspring BMI in adulthood (β=-0.068, R(2) change=0.005, p=0.015) in the fully adjusted model which also adjusted for parental occupational status and offspring depressive symptoms. The logistic regression supported these results, with the interaction between maternal overweight (BMI≥25kg/m(2)) and offspring social support negatively associated with offspring overweight in adulthood (odds ratio=0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.98). The growth curve analysis further demonstrated that high maternal BMI predicts more rapidly rising offspring BMI in those reporting low social support compared to high social support. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that social support protects against the intergenerational transmission of obesity and therefore presents an important opportunity for obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Serlachius
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; The Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Steven Shea
- The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Sabin
- The Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; The Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Villarrasa-Sapiña I, García-Massó X, Serra-Añó P, Garcia-Lucerga C, Gonzalez LM, Lurbe E. Differences in intermittent postural control between normal-weight and obese children. Gait Posture 2016; 49:1-6. [PMID: 27344447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The main objective of this study was to determine differences in postural control between obese and non-obese children. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional, prospective, between-subjects. Postural control variables were obtained from a group of obese children and a normal-weight control group under two different postural conditions: bipedal standing position with eyes open and bipedal standing with eyes closed. Variables were obtained for each balance condition using time domain and sway-density plot analysis of the center of pressure signals acquired by means of a force plate. RESULTS Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between obese and normal-weight children in mean velocity in antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions, ellipse area and mean distance with both eyes open and eyes closed. Normal-weight subjects obtained lower values in all these variables than obese subjects. Furthermore, there were differences between both groups in mean peaks with eyes open and in mean time with eyes closed. CONCLUSION Alterations were detected in the intermittent postural control in obese children. According to the results obtained, active anticipatory control produces higher center of pressure displacement responses in obese children and the periods during which balance is maintained by passive control and reflex mechanisms are of shorter duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis-Millán Gonzalez
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia Spain
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid Spain
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Gautam J, Khedgikar V, Choudhary D, Kushwaha P, Dixit P, Singh D, Maurya R, Trivedi R. An isoflavone cladrin prevents high-fat diet-induced bone loss and inhibits the expression of adipogenic gene regulators in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1051-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study evaluates the effect of isoflavone cladrin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss and adipogenesis.
Methods
Thirty-two 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a standard diet group, a HFD group and HFD group with cladrin (5 and 10 mg/kg per day orally) for 12 weeks. The effect of cladrin on bone micro-architecture, bone marrow cell lineages and hyperlipidaemia were assessed. For assessing anti-adipogenic activity of cladrin, 3T3-L1 cells were used.
Key findings
Cladrin attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and bone loss by preserving bone micro-architecture and strength. Effect of cladrin was found at the level of bone marrow progenitor cells. Gene expression profile of cladrin-treated mice bone showed upregulation of osteoblast and downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and increased OPG/RANKL ratio. Cladrin inhibited cellular lipid accumulation through downregulation of transcription factors such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α and modulated the expression of major adipokines involved behind obesity stimulation without eliciting cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Conclusion
We conclude that cladrin may improve obesity-induced bone loss and hyperlipidaemia in mice fed HFD and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by modifying adipokines and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Preeti Dixit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Su M, Huang W, Zhu B. Acetylshikonin from Zicao Prevents Obesity in Rats on a High-Fat Diet by Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation and Inducing Lipolysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146884. [PMID: 26771185 PMCID: PMC4714907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various drugs have been developed to treat obesity, but these have undesirable secondary effects, and an efficient but non-toxic anti-obesity drug from natural sources is desired. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of action of acetylshikonin (AS)—which is used in traditional Chinese medicine—in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). Rats were fed a normal diet or an HFD; the latter group was received no treatment or were treated with 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg AS extract by intragastric administration for 6 weeks. In addition, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with AS and the effects on adipogenesis and lipolysis were evaluated by western blot analysis of adipogenic transcription factors and lipid-metabolizing enzyme levels and the phosphorylation status of protein kinase (PK) A and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). AS prevented HFD-induced obesity including reduction in body weight, white adipose tissue content, liver mass, and serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in rats. It also suppressed the expression of adipogenic differentiation transcription factors and decreased the expression of the adipocyte-specific proteins HSL and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Furthermore, AS treatment induced lipolysis, leading to the release of glycerol and increased in PKA and HSL phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that AS has anti-obesity effects in a rat model and may be a safe treatment for obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banghao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Children and adolescents spend a considerable amount of time engaged in sedentary behaviors that have been shown to favor weight gain and impaired physical fitness. Active video games have been proposed to increase physical activity levels. Although active video games may offer an interesting alternative to reducing sedentary time for children, the present commentary aimed to determine whether there is adequate evidence that compared active video gaming to real-life play and exercise. Given the dearth of data, it is not possible at present to support the use of active video games as substitutes for traditional forms of active play and health-enhancing physical activity. Further research should be encouraged and therapists should not consider active video games exclusively for intervention in children with obesity.
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