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Leow SS, Khoo JS, Lee WK, Hoh CC, Fairus S, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC. RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling of Nile rat livers reveals novel insights on the anti-diabetic mechanisms of Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00880-1. [PMID: 38890243 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract (WSPFE) has been shown to confer anti-diabetic effects in the Nile rat (NR) (Arvicanthis niloticus). Liquid and powder WSPFE both deterred diabetes onset in NRs fed a high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diet, but the liquid form provided better protection. In this study, NRs were fed either a hiCHO diet or the same diet added with liquid or powder WSPFE. Following feeding of the diets for 8 weeks, random blood glucose levels were measured to categorize NRs as either diabetes-resistant or diabetes-susceptible, based on a cut-off value of 75 mg/dL. Livers were then obtained for Illumina HiSeq 4000 paired end RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the data were mapped to the reference genome. Consistent with physiological and biochemical parameters, the gene expression data obtained indicated that WSPFE was associated with protection against diabetes. Among hepatic genes upregulated by WSPFE versus controls, were genes related to insulin-like growth factor binding protein, leptin receptor, and processes of hepatic metabolism maintenance, while those downregulated were related to antigen binding, immunoglobulin receptor, inflammation- and cancer-related processes. WSPFE supplementation thus helped inhibit diabetes progression in NRs by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing both the inflammatory effects of a hiCHO diet and the related DNA-damage compensatory mechanisms contributing to liver disease progression. In addition, the genetic permissiveness of susceptible NRs to develop diabetes was potentially associated with dysregulated compensatory mechanisms involving insulin signaling and oxidative stress over time. Further studies on other NR organs associated with diabetes and its complications are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sen Leow
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Kang Lee
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Choong Hoh
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Fairus
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Level 20, West Wing, MATRADE Tower, Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Off Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K C Hayes
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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Schlueter BC, Quanz K, Baldauf J, Petrovic A, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Gall H, Tello K, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Weiss A. The diverging roles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107379. [PMID: 38762131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, severe and to date not curable disease of the pulmonary vasculature. Alterations of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system are known to play a role in vascular pathologies and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators of the bioavailability and function of IGFs. In this study, we show that circulating plasma levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients compared to healthy individuals. These binding proteins inhibit the IGF-1 induced IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) phosphorylation and exhibit diverging effects on the IGF-1 induced signaling pathways in human pulmonary arterial cells (i.e. healthy as well as IPAH-hPASMCs, and healthy hPAECs). Furthermore, IGFBPs are differentially expressed in an experimental mouse model of PH. In hypoxic mouse lungs, IGFBP-1 mRNA expression is decreased whereas the mRNA for IGFBP-2 is increased. In contrast to IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 shows vaso-constrictive properties in the murine pulmonary vasculature. Our analyses show that IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 exhibit diverging effects on IGF-1 signaling and display a unique IGF1R-independent kinase activation pattern in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs), which represent a major contributor of PAH pathobiology. Furthermore, we could show that IGFBP-2, in contrast to IGFBP-1, induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, Stat-3 activation and expression of Stat-3 target genes. Based on our results, we conclude that the IGFBP family, especially IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, are deregulated in PAH, that they affect IGF signaling and thereby regulate the cellular phenotype in PH.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Disease Models, Animal
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/metabolism
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/physiopathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/pathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/genetics
- Female
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Vascular Remodeling
- Adult
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Christiane Schlueter
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Karin Quanz
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Julia Baldauf
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Petrovic
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein 35753, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Khodr Tello
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany.
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Huang BL, Wei LF, Lin YW, Huang LS, Qu QQ, Li XH, Chu LY, Xu YW, Wang WD, Peng YH, Wu FC. Serum IGFBP-1 as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1839. [PMID: 38246959 PMCID: PMC10800337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) has potential diagnostic value for early-stage upper gastrointestinal cancers. This study aimed to assess whether serum IGFBP-1 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. IGFBP-1 mRNA expression profile data of peripheral blood in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were downloaded and analyzed from Gene Expression Omnibus database. We detected serum IGFBP-1 in 138 CRC patients and 190 normal controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood IGFBP-1 mRNA levels were higher in CRC patients than those in normal controls (P = 0.027). In addition, serum IGFBP-1 protein levels in the CRC group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P < 0.0001). Serum IGFBP-1 demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy for all CRC and early-stage CRC, respectively, when compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA 19-9) or the combination of CEA and CA19-9. Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that serum IGFBP-1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.043, P = 0.045). Our study demonstrated that serum IGFBP-1 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. In addition, the nomogram might be helpful to predict the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lai-Feng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qi-Qi Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Åberg D, Gadd G, Jood K, Redfors P, Stanne TM, Isgaard J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jern C, Åberg ND, Svensson J. Serum IGFBP-1 Concentration as a Predictor of Outcome after Ischemic Stroke-A Prospective Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119120. [PMID: 37298072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) regulates insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) bioactivity, and is a central player in normal growth, metabolism, and stroke recovery. However, the role of serum IGFBP-1 (s-IGFBP-1) after ischemic stroke is unclear. We determined whether s-IGFBP-1 is predictive of poststroke outcome. The study population comprised patients (n = 470) and controls (n = 471) from the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS). Functional outcome was evaluated after 3 months, 2, and 7 years using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Survival was followed for a minimum of 7 years or until death. S-IGFBP-1 was increased after 3 months (p < 0.01), but not in the acute phase after stroke, compared with the controls. Higher acute s-IGFBP-1 was associated with poor functional outcome (mRS score > 2) after 7 years [fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) per log increase 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-5.9]. Moreover, higher s-IGFBP-1 after 3 months was associated with a risk of poor functional outcome after 2 and 7 years (fully adjusted: OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4-8.5 and OR 5.7, 95% CI: 2.5-12.8, respectively) and with increased mortality risk (fully adjusted: HR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.7). Thus, high acute s-IGFBP-1 was only associated with poor functional outcome after 7 years, whereas s-IGFBP-1 after 3 months was an independent predictor of poor long-term functional outcome and poststroke mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Gadd
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Redfors
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tara M Stanne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Isgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Region Västra Götaland, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Region Västra Götaland, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1380, USA
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Internal Medicine, Skaraborg Central Hospital, 541 42 Skövde, Sweden
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Almawi WY, Zidi S, Sghaier I, El-Ghali RM, Daldoul A, Midlenko A. Novel Association of IGF2BP2 Gene Variants With Altered Risk of Breast Cancer and as Potential Molecular Biomarker of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:272-280. [PMID: 36653207 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies documented that insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) contributes to carcinogenesis, and 1 report documented the association of IGF2BP2 rs4402960 with increased risk of breast cancer (BC). This study investigated the association of rs4402960 and rs1470579 IGF2BP2 variants with BC and triple negative BC (TNBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study included 488 BC patients comprising 130 TNBC and 358 non-TNBC patients, and 476 cancer-free controls. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral venous blood, and genotyping was done by allelic exclusion method on real-time PCR. RESULTS The rs440960, but not rs1470579, minor allele was significantly associated with BC, and significantly higher rs4402960 T/T genotype frequency was noted in BC patients than controls; the distribution of rs1470579 genotypes were comparable between BC patients and controls. In contrast, significantly lower rs1470579 minor allele frequency, and reduced rs1470579 A/C and C/C, and rs4402960 T/T genotype frequencies were seen in TNBC cases. Among TNBC cases, rs4402960 and rs1470579 correlated with menses pattern, histological type, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use and hormonotherapy. Among non-TNBC patients, and rs1470579 correlated significantly with breast feeding, oral contraceptive use, hormonotherapy, and nodal status; rs4402960 also correlated with menses pattern. Two-locus (rs440960-rs1470579) haplotype analysis confirmed the positive association of TC, and negative association of GC and TA haplotypes with BC, while TC and GC haplotypes were negatively associated with TNBC. CONCLUSION Whereas rs440960 was positively associated with BC, both rs4402960 and rs1470579 were negatively associated with TNBC, suggesting potential diagnostic/prognostic role in BC and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sabrina Zidi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb M El-Ghali
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Daldoul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anna Midlenko
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
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6
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Brismar K, Hilding A, Ansurudeen I, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Östenson CG. Adiponectin, IGFBP-1 and -2 are independent predictors in forecasting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092307. [PMID: 36686443 PMCID: PMC9849561 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 are biomarkers of insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-1 reflects insulin sensitivity in the liver, adiponectin in adipose tissue and IGFBP-2 in both tissues. Here, we study the power of the biomarkers adiponectin, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and also included IGF-I and IGF-II, in predicting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in men and women with normal oral glucose tolerance (NGT). Design Subjects with NGT (35-56 years) recruited during 1992-1998 were re-investigated 8-10 years later. In a nested case control study, subjects progressing to prediabetes (133 women, 164 men) or to T2D (55 women, 98 men) were compared with age and sex matched NGT controls (200 women and 277 men). Methods The evaluation included questionnaires, health status, anthropometry, biochemistry and oral glucose tolerance test. Results After adjustment, the lowest quartile of adiponectin, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 associated independently with future abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in both genders in multivariate analyses. High IGFs predicted weakly AGT in women. In women, low IGFBP-2 was the strongest predictor for prediabetes (OR:7.5), and low adiponectin for T2D (OR:29.4). In men, low IGFBP-1 was the strongest predictor for both prediabetes (OR:13.4) and T2D (OR:14.9). When adiponectin, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were combined, the ROC-AUC reached 0.87 for women and 0.79 for men, higher than for BMI alone. Conclusion Differences were observed comparing adipocyte- and hepatocyte-derived biomarkers in forecasting AGT in NGT subjects. In women the strongest predictor for T2D was adiponectin and in men IGFBP-1, and for prediabetes IGFBP-2 in women and IGFBP-1 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Hilding
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), the Capital Region of Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with high comorbidity of metabolic disorders in obese subjects; a Japanese single-center, retrospective-study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20130. [PMID: 36418379 PMCID: PMC9684525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in metabolic functions, especially in adulthood. Additionally, obese subjects are reportedly predisposed to having low absolute IGF-1 levels. However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obese subjects with low IGF-1 levels are unknown. We examined 64 obese subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, with no history of endocrinological disorders, receiving inpatient care. IGF-1 levels were interpreted based on the IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) clinically used and standardized by age and sex (low IGF-1 group; ≤ - 2.0 SDS and standard IGF-1 group; - 2.0 < and < + 2.0 SDS). Notably, 26.6% of the subjects had low IGF-1. Body fat mass and percentage, but not BMI, were significantly higher in the low than in the standard IGF-1 group. Furthermore, natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the frequencies of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were higher in the low IGF-1 group. Moreover, among the subjects without diabetes, fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in the low IGF-1 group. Stepwise variable selection procedure revealed body fat percentage to be a parameter most strongly associated with low IGF-1. Thus, low IGF-1 levels may be an important marker of adiposity-associated metabolic disorders in obese patients.
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8
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Tondo-Steele K, McLean K. The “Sweet Spot” of Targeting Tumor Metabolism in Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194696. [PMID: 36230617 PMCID: PMC9562887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to explore the metabolomic environment of epithelial ovarian cancer that contributes to chemoresistance and to use this knowledge to identify possible targets for therapeutic intervention. The Warburg effect describes increased glucose uptake and lactate production in cancer cells. In ovarian cancer, we require a better understanding of how cancer cells reprogram their glycogen metabolism to overcome their nutrient deficient environment and become chemoresistant. Glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer cells has been proposed to be influenced by altered fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and acidification of the tumor microenvironment. We investigate several markers of altered metabolism in ovarian cancer including hypoxia-induced factor 1, VEGF, leptin, insulin-like growth factors, and glucose transporters. We also discuss the signaling pathways involved with these biomarkers including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT and OXPHOS. This review outlines potential metabolic targets to overcome chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Continued research of the metabolic changes in ovarian cancer is needed to identify and target these alterations to improve treatment approaches.
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9
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Nagasaki K, Gavrilova O, Hajishengallis G, Somerman MJ. Does the RGD region of certain proteins affect metabolic activity? FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.974862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the role of mineralized tissues and their associated factors in governing whole-body metabolism should be of value toward informing clinical strategies to treat mineralized tissue and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. This perspective provides evidence suggesting a role for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) region, a sequence identified in several proteins secreted by bone cells, as well as other cells, in modulating systemic metabolic activity. We focus on (a) two of the SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein) family genes/proteins, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), (b) insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 & 2 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2) and (c) developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL1) and milk fat globule–EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8). In addition, for our readers to appreciate the mounting evidence that a multitude of bone secreted factors affect the activity of other tissues, we provide a brief overview of other proteins, to include fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), osteocalcin (OCN/BGLAP), tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and acidic serine aspartic-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM), along with known/suggested functions of these factors in influencing energy metabolism.
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10
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MiR-22-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Cells by Targeting IGFBP3 in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010114. [PMID: 35011220 PMCID: PMC8749897 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of skeletal muscle require a series of regulatory factors. MiRNA is a non-coding RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which can inhibit the expression of mRNA and plays an important role in the growth and development of muscle cells. The role of miR-22-3p in C2C12 cells and porcine skeletal muscle has been reported, but it has not been verified in Hu sheep skeletal muscle. Through qPCR, CCK-8, EdU and cell cycle studies, we found that overexpression of miR-22-3p inhibited proliferation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01). The results of qPCR and immunofluorescence showed that overexpression of miR-22-3p promoted differentiation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01), while the results of inhibiting the expression of miR-22-3p were the opposite. These results suggested that miR-22-3p functions in growth and development of sheep skeletal muscle cells. Bioinformatic analysis with mirDIP, miRTargets, and RNAhybrid software suggested IGFBP3 was the target of miR-22-3p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system assay. IGFBP3 is highly expressed in sheep skeletal muscle cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 was found to promote proliferation of skeletal muscle cells indicated by qPCR, CCK-8, EdU, and cell cycle studies (p < 0.01). The results of qPCR and immunofluorescence experiments proved that overexpression of IGFBP3 inhibited differentiation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01), while the results of interfering IGFBP3 with siRNA were the opposite. These results indicate that miR-22-3p is involved in proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by targeting IGFBP3.
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11
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Huemer MT, Bauer A, Petrera A, Scholz M, Hauck SM, Drey M, Peters A, Thorand B. Proteomic profiling of low muscle and high fat mass: a machine learning approach in the KORA S4/FF4 study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1011-1023. [PMID: 34151535 PMCID: PMC8350207 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of low muscle mass and high fat mass, two interrelated conditions strongly associated with declining health status, has been characterized by only a few protein biomarkers. High-throughput proteomics enable concurrent measurement of numerous proteins, facilitating the discovery of potentially new biomarkers. METHODS Data derived from the prospective population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg S4/FF4 cohort study (median follow-up time: 13.5 years) included 1478 participants (756 men and 722 women) aged 55-74 years in the cross-sectional and 608 participants (315 men and 293 women) in the longitudinal analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and body fat mass index (BFMI) were determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, 233 plasma proteins were measured using proximity extension assay. We implemented boosting with stability selection to enable false positives-controlled variable selection to identify new protein biomarkers of low muscle mass, high fat mass, and their combination. We evaluated prediction models developed based on group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) with 100× bootstrapping by cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) to investigate if proteins increase the prediction accuracy on top of classical risk factors. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analysis, we identified kallikrein-6, C-C motif chemokine 28 (CCL28), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor as previously unknown biomarkers for muscle mass [association with low ASMM: odds ratio (OR) per 1-SD increase in log2 normalized protein expression values (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.63 (1.37-1.95), 1.31 (1.14-1.51), 1.24 (1.06-1.45), respectively] and serine protease 27 for fat mass [association with high BFMI: OR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.61-0.86)]. CCL28 and metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) constituted new biomarkers for the combination of low muscle and high fat mass [association with low ASMM combined with high BFMI: OR (95% CI): 1.32 (1.08-1.61), 1.28 (1.03-1.59), respectively]. Including protein biomarkers selected in ≥90% of group lasso bootstrap iterations on top of classical risk factors improved the performance of models predicting low ASMM, high BFMI, and their combination [delta AUC (95% CI): 0.16 (0.13-0.20), 0.22 (0.18-0.25), 0.12 (0.08-0.17), respectively]. In the longitudinal analysis, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was the only protein selected for loss in ASMM and loss in ASMM combined with gain in BFMI over 14 years [OR (95% CI): 1.40 (1.10-1.77), 1.60 (1.15-2.24), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic profiling revealed CCL28 and TIMP4 as new biomarkers of low muscle mass combined with high fat mass and NT-proBNP as a key biomarker of loss in muscle mass combined with gain in fat mass. Proteomics enable us to accelerate biomarker discoveries in muscle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Huemer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alina Bauer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Akutgeriatrie, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Kliszczewicz B, Markert CD, Bechke E, Williamson C, Clemons KN, Snarr RL, McKenzie MJ. Acute Effect of Popular High-Intensity Functional Training Exercise on Physiologic Markers of Growth. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1677-1684. [PMID: 30399116 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kliszczewicz, B, Markert, CD, Bechke, E, Williamson, C, Clemons, KN, Snarr, RL, and McKenzie, MJ. Acute effect of popular high-intensity functional training exercise on physiologic markers of growth. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1677-1684, 2021-Constantly evolving, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) exercise consists of various modalities, orders, weights, and repetition schemes. High-intensity functional training has gained popularity among the general population, but lacks empirical evidence regarding acute adaptive responses. The purpose of this study was to describe the acute effects of 2 representative bouts of HIFT on physiologic markers of growth. For convenience, the bouts are designated "short" (<5 minutes) and "long" (∼15 minutes), although duration was not the only difference between bouts. Ten apparently healthy men (28.1 ± 5 years) performed 2 HIFT bouts in a randomized crossover design. Blood was collected at 5 time points (Pre, Post, 1, 3, and 6 hours) to examine growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 2 (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Blood lactate concentration ([La]) was analyzed at the Pre and Post time points. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no trial differences among the markers (IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and VEGF) except GH at Post, where the long bout produced a greater effect (p = 0.005). Mean GH levels (pg·ml-1) in the short bout increased from 68.4 to 106.5, and in the long bout, mean GH levels increased from 38.5 to 286.4. The repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main time effect in GH (p = 0.037), while a post hoc t-test demonstrated elevated GH at 1 hour (p = 0.018) when compared with Pre. No time-dependent change (p > 0.05) was observed in IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or VEGF. Mean blood [lactate] increased more than tenfold in both bouts. The findings of this descriptive study suggest that, other than GH, there are no acute differences in markers of skeletal muscle or vascular growth between these 2 specific HIFT bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Chad D Markert
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Anderson Conference Center, School of Health Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Khala N Clemons
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Anderson Conference Center, School of Health Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ronald L Snarr
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, School of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia; and
| | - Michael J McKenzie
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Beaver College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone North Carolina
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13
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Frantsiyants E, Bandovkina V, Kaplieva I, Surikova E, Cheryarina N, Shikhlyarova A, Neskubina I, Pogorelova Y, Trepitaki L, Goroshinskaya I, Kotieva I, Morozova M. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the heart in rats in experimental diabetes mellitus, growing Guerin’s carcinoma and under their combination. CARDIOMETRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2021.18.138144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an additional risk factor for the development of heart diseases, cardiovascular dysfunction and malignant tumors. The aim of the study was to analyze levels of IGF and IGFBP in heart samples of animals with diabetes mellitus and/ or growing Guerin’s carcinoma. The study included white outbred rats of both genders weighing 180-220 g. The rats of each gender were divided into groups of 8 animals: the intact group; test groups 1 (with diabetes) and 2 (with transplanted Guerin’s carcinoma); the main group (transplanted Guerin’s carcinoma growing in the presence of diabetes mellitus). Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 were measured by ELISA (Mediagnost, Germany) in heart homogenates in animals of all groups
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14
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Pöschel A, Beebe E, Kunz L, Amini P, Guscetti F, Malbon A, Markkanen E. Identification of disease-promoting stromal components by comparative proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of canine mammary tumors using laser-capture microdissected FFPE tissue. Neoplasia 2021; 23:400-412. [PMID: 33794398 PMCID: PMC8042244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated stroma (CAS) profoundly influences progression of tumors including mammary carcinoma (mCA). Canine simple mCA represent relevant models of human mCA, notably also with respect to CAS. While transcriptomic changes in CAS of mCA are well described, it remains unclear to what extent these translate to the protein level. Therefore, we sought to gain insight into the proteomic changes in CAS and compare them with transcriptomic changes in the same tissue. To this end, we analyzed CAS and matched normal stroma using laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and LC-MS/MS in a cohort of 14 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) canine mCAs that we had previously characterized using LCM-RNAseq. Our results reveal clear differences in protein abundance between CAS and normal stroma, which are characterized by changes in the extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton, and cytokines such as TNF. The proteomics- and RNAseq-based analyses of LCM-FFPE show a substantial degree of correlation, especially for the most deregulated targets and a comparable activation of pathways. Finally, we validate transcriptomic upregulation of LTBP2, IGFBP2, COL6A5, POSTN, FN1, COL4A1, COL12A1, PLOD2, COL4A2, and IGFBP7 in CAS on the protein level and demonstrate their adverse prognostic value for human breast cancer. Given the relevance of canine mCA as a model for the human disease, our analysis substantiates these targets as disease-promoting stromal components with implications for breast cancer in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiskwia Pöschel
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erin Beebe
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kunz
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Parisa Amini
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Malbon
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Nolin MA, Demers MF, Rauzier C, Bouchard RH, Cadrin C, Després JP, Roy MA, Alméras N, Picard F. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels reveal atherogenic metabolic risk in schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:175-182. [PMID: 32552257 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1770858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) induce weight gain and dyslipidemia, albeit with important intervariability. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is proposed as a circulating biomarker negatively associated with waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, we tested whether metabolic alterations developed upon the use of SGAs are associated with plasma IGFBP-2 levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 87 men newly diagnosed with schizophrenia and administered for approximately 20 months with olanzapine or risperidone as their first antipsychotic treatment. Plasma IGFBP-2 concentration, anthropometric data, as well as glucose and lipid profiles were determined at the end of the treatments. RESULTS IGFBP-2 levels were similar between patients using olanzapine or risperidone and were negatively correlated with waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, and plasma triglycerides (TG). A higher proportion of men with a hypertriglyceridemic (hyperTG) waist phenotype was found in patients with IGFBP-2 levels lower than 220 ng/mL (43% for olanzapine and 13% for risperidone) compared to those with IGFBP-2 above this threshold (10% and 0%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS IGFBP-2 may have a role in altering metabolic risk in schizophrenic patients using SGAs. Longitudinal studies are required to evaluate whether IGFBP-2 can predict the development of a hyperTG waist phenotype in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Nolin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Demers
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Rauzier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Roch-Hugo Bouchard
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Cadrin
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Roy
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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16
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Lin YW, Weng XF, Huang BL, Guo HP, Xu YW, Peng YH. IGFBP-1 in cancer: expression, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical implications. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:813-832. [PMID: 33841624 PMCID: PMC8014352 DOI: pmid/33841624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which plays an indispensable role in normal growth and development, and in the pathophysiology of various tumors. IGFBP-1 has been shown to be associated with the risk of various tumors, and has a vital function in regulating tumor behaviors such as proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion through different molecular mechanisms. The biological actions of IGFBP-1 in cancer are found to be related to its phosphorylation state, and the IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In this review, we provided an overview of IGFBP-1 in normal physiology, and its aberrantly expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a range of common tumors, as well as discussed the potential clinical implications of IGFBP-1 as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Frystyk J, Teran E, Gude MF, Bjerre M, Hjortebjerg R. Pregnancy-associated plasma proteins and Stanniocalcin-2 - Novel players controlling IGF-I physiology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101330. [PMID: 32693362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I was originally discovered as a GH-dependent growth factor stimulating longitudinal growth. Currently, however, it has become evident that the biological activities of IGF-I extend well beyond those of a simple growth factor and impact such processes as insulin sensitivity, aging, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The vast majority of IGF-I is tightly bound to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which renders IGF-I unable to stimulate the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vivo. This binding means that liberation of IGF-I from the IGFBPs is an important step controlling IGF-I action. In this context, IGFBP-cleaving enzymes appear to play a key role. Enzymatic cleavage of the IGFBPs markedly lowers their ligand affinity, and as a consequence, IGF-I becomes liberated and hence available for stimulation of the IGF-IR. Two of the best-characterized IGFBP-cleaving enzymes are pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and its paralog PAPP-A2. The two enzymes (often referred to as pappalysins) regulate the liberation of IGF-I in a highly controlled manner. PAPP-A is believed to act predominantly in tissues, serving to liberate IGF-I at the cell surface in close proximity to the IGF-IR. In keeping with this notion, mice lacking PAPP-A exhibit reduced body size, despite having normal circulating IGF-I concentrations. In contrast, human findings indicate that altered PAPP-A2 activity changes circulating IGF-I concentrations, although PAPP-A2 is also present in high concentrations in tissues. Thus, PAPP-A2 appears to impact circulating, as well as tissue, IGF-I activity. The enzymatic activity of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 was recently discovered to be regulated by the protein Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2). By binding to the enzymatic sites of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, STC2 inhibits their activity. To date, the majority of findings demonstrating the ability of pappalysins and STC2 to regulate IGF-I action are from preclinical studies. However, clinical studies are now beginning to emerge. In this review, we will summarize our data on STC2, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 in humans. These results indicate that pappalysins and STC2 constitute an important IGF-I activity-regulating system that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frystyk
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mette Faurholdt Gude
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Yang G, Zhao W, Qin C, Yang L, Meng X, Lu R, Yan X, Cao X, Zhang Y, Nie G. Molecular identification of grass carp igfbp2 and the effect of glucose, insulin, and glucagon on igfbp2 mRNA expression. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1469-1482. [PMID: 32323051 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00804-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The GH (growth hormone)/IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) system has an important function in the regulation of growth. In this system, IGFBPs play a crucial regulatory role in IGF functions. As a member of the IGFBP family, IGFBP2 can bind to IGF and regulate IGF functions to regulate development and growth. In addition, IGFBP2 shows key regulatory functions in cell proliferation and metabolism. In this study, the igfbp2 gene was cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) liver. The ORF of grass carp igfbp2 is 834 bp long and encodes 277 amino acids. The tissue distribution results showed that igfbp2 is expressed in multiple tissues in grass carp and has a high expression level in the liver. In the OGTT, igfbp2 expression was significantly decreased in the liver and brain after 6 h of treatment with glucose. In vitro, igfbp2 expression in grass carp's primary hepatocytes was significantly suppressed by insulin after treatment for 6 and 12 h. Moreover, igfbp2 expression was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner with glucagon incubation in grass carp's primary hepatocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about Igfbp2 in grass carp. These results will provide a basis for the in-depth study of grass carp Igfbp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Lee K, Moon S, Park MJ, Koh IU, Choi NH, Yu HY, Kim YJ, Kong J, Kang HG, Kim SC, Kim BJ. Integrated Analysis of Tissue-Specific Promoter Methylation and Gene Expression Profile in Complex Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5056. [PMID: 32709145 PMCID: PMC7404266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the promoter region of DNA methylation positively or negatively regulates tissue-specific genes (TSGs) and if it correlates with disease pathophysiology. We assessed tissue specificity metrics in five human tissues, using sequencing-based approaches, including 52 whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), 52 RNA-seq, and 144 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. A correlation analysis was performed between the gene expression and DNA methylation levels of the TSG promoter region. The TSG enrichment analyses were conducted in the gene-disease association network (DisGeNET). The epigenomic association analyses of CpGs in enriched TSG promoters were performed using 1986 Infinium MethylationEPIC array data. A correlation analysis showed significant associations between the promoter methylation and 449 TSGs' expression. A disease enrichment analysis showed that diabetes- and obesity-related diseases were high-ranked. In an epigenomic association analysis based on obesity, 62 CpGs showed statistical significance. Among them, three obesity-related CpGs were newly identified and replicated with statistical significance in independent data. In particular, a CpG (cg17075888 of PDK4), considered as potential therapeutic targets, were associated with complex diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The methylation changes in a substantial number of the TSG promoters showed a significant association with metabolic diseases. Collectively, our findings provided strong evidence of the relationship between tissue-specific patterns of epigenetic changes and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibaick Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - In-Uk Koh
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Nak-Hyeon Choi
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Ho-Yeong Yu
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinhwa Kong
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
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Dabrosin N, Dabrosin C. Postmenopausal Dense Breasts Maintain Premenopausal Levels of GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5695904. [PMID: 31900484 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dense breast tissue is associated with 4 to 6 times higher risk of breast cancer by poorly understood mechanisms. No preventive therapy for this high-risk group is available. After menopause, breast density decreases due to involution of the mammary gland. In dense breast tissue, this process is haltered by undetermined biological actions. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like binding proteins (IGFBPs) play major roles in normal mammary gland development, but their roles in maintaining breast density are unknown. OBJECTIVE To reveal in vivo levels of GH, IGFBPs, and other pro-tumorigenic proteins in the extracellular microenvironment in breast cancer, in normal breast tissue with various breast density in postmenopausal women, and premenopausal breasts. We also sought to determine possible correlations between these determinants. SETTING AND DESIGN Microdialysis was used to collect extracellular in vivo proteins intratumorally from breast cancers before surgery and from normal human breast tissue from premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with mammographic dense or nondense breasts. RESULTS Estrogen receptor positive breast cancers exhibited increased extracellular GH (P < .01). Dense breasts of postmenopausal women exhibited similar levels of GH as premenopausal breasts and significantly higher levels than in nondense breasts (P < .001). Similar results were found for IGFBP-1, -2, -3, and -7 (P < .01) and for IGFBP-6 (P <.05). Strong positive correlations were revealed between GH and IGFBPs and pro-tumorigenic matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, and vascular endothelial growth factor in normal breast tissue. CONCLUSIONS GH pathways may be targetable for cancer prevention therapeutics in postmenopausal women with dense breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dabrosin
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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21
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Mirna M, Lichtenauer M, Wernly B, Paar V, Jung C, Kretzschmar D, Uhlemann M, Franz M, Hoppe UC, Schulze PC, Hilberg T, Adams V, Sponder M, Möbius-Winkler S. Novel cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing intensive physical exercise. Panminerva Med 2020; 62:135-142. [PMID: 32309918 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.03838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this trial, we analyzed the plasma levels of novel biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological pathways (sST2: mechanical strain, IGF-BP2: metabolic pathways, suPAR and GDF-15: inflammatory processes) in patients undergoing physical exercise to investigate the effects of training on their plasma concentrations. METHODS Plasma concentrations of novel biomarkers (sST2, IGF-BP2, suPAR and GDF-15) were analyzed by means of ELISA in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing four weeks of high- and moderate-intensity training (EXCITE Trial) and in patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors undergoing eight months of intensive physical exercise (IGF-BP2). Plasma levels of sST2 in patients undergoing eight months of intensive exercise have been published previously by our study group (1.13-fold change, P=0.045). RESULTS Four weeks of high-intensity exercise training resulted in a statistically significant change in the plasma level of sST2 (1.106-fold change, P=0.0054) and IGF-BP2 (1.24-fold-change, P=0.0165). Eight months of intensive exercise resulted in a significant increase of IGF-BP2 (median 61.2 ng/mL to 80.7 ng/mL, 1.319-fold change, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS The significant increase of sST2 after four weeks might be a short-term effect due to the mechanical strain caused by the high-intensity training program, whereas the increase in IGF-BP2 after four weeks and eight months is likely a result of metabolic changes due to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mirna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria -
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vera Paar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Kretzschmar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Uhlemann
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Hilberg
- Faculty II/Sports Science, Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sponder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Möbius-Winkler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Agerholm J, Hjortebjerg R, Espelund U, Rasmussen TR, Folkersen B, Bjerre M, Frystyk J. Development of a novel assay for IGFBP-2 complexed with IGF-I and-II in human serum. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:38-45. [PMID: 32035328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein 2 (IGFBP-2) was originally identified as an IGF-carrier, governing IGF half-life, tissue accessibility and biological effects. Later, IGFBP-2 was discovered to possess IGF-independent effects. IGFBP-2 circulates in several forms, as free protein, complexed with IGF-I or IGF-II, or as IGFBP-2 fragments. The various IGFBP-2 forms are all included when measuring serum IGFBP-2 concentrations by immunoassay (i.e., immunoreactive (ir-)IGFBP-2). In this study, we describe a novel method to measure the amount of IGF that circulates bound to IGFBP-2. METHOD IGFBP-2 was immunoprecipitated from human serum using magnetic beads, which were subsequently eluted by acidification. After neutralization, eluates were assayed for ir-IGFBP-2, IGF-I and IGF-II and compared to serum concentrations. This allowed measurement of IGFBP-2-compexed IGF-I and IGF-II, respectively. To test the method clinically, serum from 146 patients with lung cancer, 151 patients with non-cancer pulmonary diseases and 28 healthy controls were analyzed. RESULTS We immuno-precipitated 97 ± 3.3% of serum IGFBP-2 and recovered > 75% of IGFBP-2-complexed IGFs, with intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) averaging < 5% and < 13%, respectively. No co-precipitation with IGFBP-1, -3 or - 4 was detected. Serum levels of ir-IGFBP-2 (median [25;75%]) differed between groups (cancer patients vs. non-cancer patients vs. healthy controls): 342 [260;480] vs. 262 [189;388] vs. 190 [141;269] μg/l (p < .0001). In parallel with this, concentrations of IGF-II carried by IGFBP-2 averaged: 45.0 [33.3;52.5] vs. 34.2 [25.4;46.1] vs. 19.8 [14.1;26.0] μg/l (p < .0001), and concentrations of IGF-I 8.0 [5.2;11.8] vs. 5.4 [3.6;7.3] vs. 7.0 [3.8;13.0] μg/l (p < .0001). Thus, IGFBP-2 carried more IGF-II than IGF-I in all groups (p < .0001). When expressed relative to IGF-concentrations, IGFBP-2 carried 9.0 [5.3;15.5] % of the IGF-I and 4.8 [2.9;5.8] % of the IGF-II in serum from healthy subjects. Notably, in patients, IGFBP-2 carried relatively less IGF-I, but more IGF-II (p < .0001). CONCLUSION Using our novel assay, we demonstrate: that IGFBP-2 carries ≈10% of circulating IGF-I and ≈5% of circulating IGF-II in healthy subjects; that IGF-II is the primary ligand for IGFBP-2; and that IGFBP-2 carries even more IGF-II in patients than in healthy subjects. Thus, our assay may provide information on IGFBP-2 beyond what is achievable by simply measuring ir-IGFBP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Agerholm
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Torben Riis Rasmussen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark; The Research Unit for Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark.
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Mirna M, Topf A, Wernly B, Rezar R, Paar V, Jung C, Salmhofer H, Kopp K, Hoppe UC, Schulze PC, Kretzschmar D, Schneider MP, Schultheiss UT, Sommerer C, Paul K, Wolf G, Lichtenauer M, Busch M. Novel Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Analysis of Patients Enrolled in the GCKD-Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030886. [PMID: 32213894 PMCID: PMC7141541 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) often occur concomitantly, and CKD is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Since some of the most commonly used biomarkers in CVD are permanently elevated in patients with CKD, novel biomarkers are warranted for clinical practice. Methods: Plasma concentrations of five cardiovascular biomarkers (soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST2), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGF-BP2), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) were analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 219 patients with CKD enrolled in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study. Results: Except for sST2, all of the investigated biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with CKD (2.0- to 4.4-fold increase in advanced CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² body surface area (BSA)) and showed a significant inverse correlation with eGFR. Moreover, all but H-FABP and sST2 were additionally elevated in patients with micro- and macro-albuminuria. Conclusions: Based on our findings, sST2 appears to be the biomarker whose diagnostic performance is least affected by decreased renal function, thus suggesting potential viability in the management of patients with CVD and concomitant CKD. The predictive potential of sST2 remains to be proven in endpoint studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mirna
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Albert Topf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Richard Rezar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Vera Paar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hermann Salmhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Kristen Kopp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
| | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniel Kretzschmar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Markus P. Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Ulla T. Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine IV – Nephrology and Primary Care, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Claudia Sommerer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Katharina Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.P.); (G.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.P.); (G.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (A.T.); (B.W.); (R.R.); (V.P.); (K.K.); (U.C.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.P.); (G.W.); (M.B.)
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Vera S, Figueroa T, Aranzález LH, Mockus I. Marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños menores de 10 años y su relación con niveles séricos de IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n1.69979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Los desequilibrios nutricionales en la infancia afectan la salud tanto en la niñez como en la adultez. Estudios previos demuestran la asociación de marcadores endocrinos y lipídicos con riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) desde edades tempranas.Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre estado nutricional (niveles séricos de IGF-1 y sus proteínas enlazantes IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3) y marcadores de RCV en estudiantes de 7 a 9 años.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional comparativo transversal realizado en 84 niños de 2 colegios de Bogotá D.C. y Soacha, Colombia, para identificar la relación entre posibles variaciones de marcadores de RCV y estado nutricional. Se midieron los niveles de glucemia y niveles séricos de IGF-1 e IGFBP, el nivel de desarrollo sexual, el perfil lipídico y los valores antropométricos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis, Games-Howell y Dunnett. El intervalo de confianza fue del 95% y la significancia estadística, de p<0.05.Resultados. La reducción en los niveles de IGFB-1 e IGFBP-2 fue directamente proporcional al aumento de peso. Por otra parte, se observó una correlación inversa entre ambas proteínas y concentraciones de triglicéridos, y una directa con los niveles colesterol HDL.Conclusiones. Las alteraciones de marcadores de RCV se pueden identificar en la infancia. Si estas son detectadas a tiempo es posible adoptar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas como la promoción de políticas públicas dirigidas prevenir el sobrepeso infantil, lo que a su vez reducirá el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en edades adultas.
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Gehrig JL, Venkatesh S, Chang HW, Hibberd MC, Kung VL, Cheng J, Chen RY, Subramanian S, Cowardin CA, Meier MF, O'Donnell D, Talcott M, Spears LD, Semenkovich CF, Henrissat B, Giannone RJ, Hettich RL, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Newgard CB, Sawyer C, Head RD, Rodionov DA, Arzamasov AA, Leyn SA, Osterman AL, Hossain MI, Islam M, Choudhury N, Sarker SA, Huq S, Mahmud I, Mostafa I, Mahfuz M, Barratt MJ, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Effects of microbiota-directed foods in gnotobiotic animals and undernourished children. Science 2019; 365:eaau4732. [PMID: 31296738 PMCID: PMC6683325 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To examine the contributions of impaired gut microbial community development to childhood undernutrition, we combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses of plasma samples with metagenomic analyses of fecal samples to characterize the biological state of Bangladeshi children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as they transitioned, after standard treatment, to moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with persistent microbiota immaturity. Host and microbial effects of microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) prototypes targeting weaning-phase bacterial taxa underrepresented in SAM and MAM microbiota were characterized in gnotobiotic mice and gnotobiotic piglets colonized with age- and growth-discriminatory bacteria. A randomized, double-blind controlled feeding study identified a lead MDCF that changes the abundances of targeted bacteria and increases plasma biomarkers and mediators of growth, bone formation, neurodevelopment, and immune function in children with MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette L Gehrig
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siddarth Venkatesh
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew C Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vanderlene L Kung
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiye Cheng
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Y Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sathish Subramanian
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carrie A Cowardin
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martin F Meier
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David O'Donnell
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael Talcott
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Larry D Spears
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard J Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher Sawyer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Semen A Leyn
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Munirul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat Choudhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sayeeda Huq
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Imteaz Mahmud
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Ferrari F, Magno S, Vitti J, Salvetti G, Moretto C, Marioni A, Buccianti P, Piaggi P, Maffei M, Santini F. Serum IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) concentrations change early after gastric bypass bariatric surgery revealing a possible marker of leptin sensitivity in obese subjects. Endocrine 2019; 65:86-93. [PMID: 30945111 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of IGFBP-2 in mice is regulated by leptin. Over-expression of IGFBP-2 is associated with reduced caloric intake and resistance to weight gain. Hormonal variations contributing to weight loss occur very early after bariatric surgery but have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated IGFBP-2 serum changes after bariatric surgery and their relationship with leptin variations to test the hypothesis that an increase of leptin sensitivity may explain some of the effects of gastric bypass. METHODS This is a historical prospective study. Fifty-one obese patients (41 women e 10 men), 9 non-obese surgical controls and 41 lean matched controls were studied. Serum IGFBP-2 and leptin were measured after bariatric bypass surgery at various time points up to 18 months, after non-bariatric laparoscopic surgery in a control group, and in lean matched controls. RESULTS Compared to lean controls, serum IGFBP-2 levels were lower in obese patients. After gastric bypass, IGFBP-2 significantly increased at 3 days and became normal before the occurrence of relevant changes in body weight, remaining stable up to 18 months after surgery. IGFBP-2/leptin ratio increased early after surgery and became normal after one year. CONCLUSIONS After gastric bypass, serum IGFBP-2 increases in a window of time when variations of hormones mediating the effects of bariatric surgery occur. Our results suggest that IGFBP-2, a leptin-regulated protein, may be an in-vivo marker of leptin action. If this is the case, an early improvement of leptin sensitivity might contribute to the anorectic effect of gastric bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vitti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Salvetti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Moretto
- Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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McLimans KE, Webb JL, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Willette AA. Peripheral versus Central Index of Metabolic Dysfunction and Associations with Clinical and Pathological Outcomes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1313-1324. [PMID: 28968233 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) regulates blood glucose levels, facilitates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and may have a predictive value for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. METHODS IGFBP-2 levels were studied in plasma in 566 subjects and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 245 subjects across the AD spectrum from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Variants in the IGFBP-2 gene were examined. Linear mixed modeling in SPSS tested main effects of IGFBP-2 and interactions with APOE4 on neurocognitive indices and biomarkers. Voxel-wise regression was used to gauge IGFBP-2 and regional grey matter and glucose metabolism associations. RESULTS Each point increase in IGFBP-2 corresponded to a three times greater likelihood of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. IGFBP-2 showed beneficial associations with respect to cognitive scores in individuals with two APOE4 alleles. Higher IGFBP-2 predicted higher insulin resistance, but not CSF amyloid or tau. Voxel-wise analyses showed that plasma IGFBP-2 predicted lower grey matter volume and FDG metabolism in a large area spanning the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. CSF IGFBP-2 levels showed similar voxel-wise analysis results, but were uniquely associated with CSF amyloid and tau. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGFBP-2 showed that subjects carrying risk alleles versus common alleles had increased risk of AD and lower memory scores. Voxel-wise analyses of these SNPs also implicated the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP-2 is associated with AD risk and outcomes; plasma IGFBP-2 provides stronger predictive power for brain outcomes, while CSF IGFBP-2 provides improved predictive accuracy for AD CSF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E McLimans
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joseph L Webb
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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28
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions. However, subsequent studies showed that, although IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions in many circumstances, they may also potentiate these actions. IGFBPs are widely expressed in most tissues, and they are flexible endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulators of IGF activity, which is essential for this important physiological system. More recently, individual IGFBPs have been shown to have IGF-independent actions. Mechanisms underlying these actions include (i) interaction with non-IGF proteins in compartments including the extracellular space and matrix, the cell surface and intracellular space, (ii) interaction with and modulation of other growth factor pathways including EGF, TGF-β and VEGF, and (iii) direct or indirect transcriptional effects following nuclear entry of IGFBPs. Through these IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions, IGFBPs modulate essential cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy and angiogenesis. They have been implicated in a range of disorders including malignant, metabolic, neurological and immune diseases. A more complete understanding of their cellular roles may lead to the development of novel IGFBP-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred)Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesAlfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Yau SW, Harcourt BE, Kao KT, Alexander EJ, Russo VC, Werther GA, Sabin MA. Serum IGFBP-2 levels are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in obese children. Clin Obes 2018; 8:184-190. [PMID: 29493116 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may represent a critical link between body composition and insulin sensitivity. We investigated the relationship between circulating IGFBP-2 levels, body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy intake and physical activity in children with obesity. Children were recruited via the Weight Management Service at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, as part of the Childhood Overweight BioRepository of Australia (COBRA). Comprehensive anthropometric, biochemical and environmental data were collected and compared to serum IGFBP-2 levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Multiple regression modelling was used to assess the influence of circulating IGFBP-2 levels on anthropometric and biochemical measures. One hundred and ninety-four children were included in this study (46% male). Circulating IGFBP-2 negatively correlated with age, anthropometric measures, blood pressure and insulin concentration. Positive associations were observed between insulin sensitivity index-homeostasis model assessment (ISI-HOMA) and serum IGFBP-2. In multiple regression modelling, IGFBP-2 significantly contributes to variance in systolic blood pressure (-19%, P < 0.05), circulating triglycerides (-16%, P < 0.05) and ISI-HOMA (18%, P < 0.05). No associations were observed between dietary energy intake or physical activity and IGFBP-2 levels. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels in children with obesity correlate inversely with body mass and markers of metabolic dysfunction, and positively with insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that reduced levels of IGFBP-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity complications in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yau
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B E Harcourt
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K-T Kao
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E J Alexander
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V C Russo
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Werther
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M A Sabin
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Espelund U, Renehan AG, Cold S, Oxvig C, Lancashire L, Su Z, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J. Prognostic relevance and performance characteristics of serum IGFBP-2 and PAPP-A in women with breast cancer: a long-term Danish cohort study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2391-2404. [PMID: 29722920 PMCID: PMC6010701 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs), in particular IGF‐binding protein (IGFBP)‐2, at the time of diagnosis, is independently prognostic in many cancers, but its clinical performance against other routinely determined prognosticators has not been examined. We measured IGF‐I, IGF‐II, pro‐IGF‐II, IGF bioactivity, IGFBP‐2, ‐3, and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A), an IGFBP regulator, in baseline samples of 301 women with breast cancer treated on four protocols (Odense, Denmark: 1993–1998). We evaluated performance characteristics (expressed as area under the curve, AUC) using Cox regression models to derive hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 10‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), and compared those against the clinically used Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). We measured the same biomarkers in 531 noncancer individuals to assess multidimensional relationships (MDR), and evaluated additional prognostic models using survival artificial neural network (SANN) and survival support vector machines (SSVM), as these enhance capture of MDRs. For RFS, increasing concentrations of circulating IGFBP‐2 and PAPP‐A were independently prognostic [HRbiomarker doubling: 1.474 (95% CIs: 1.160, 1.875, P = 0.002) and 1.952 (95% CIs: 1.364, 2.792, P < 0.001), respectively]. The AUCRFS for NPI was 0.626 (Cox model), improving to 0.694 (P = 0.012) with the addition of IGFBP‐2 plus PAPP‐A. Derived AUCRFS using SANN and SSVM did not perform superiorly. Similar patterns were observed for OS. These findings illustrate an important principle in biomarker qualification—measured circulating biomarkers may demonstrate independent prognostication, but this does not necessarily translate into substantial improvement in clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrick Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrew G Renehan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Søren Cold
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), The Capital Region of Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Abstract
Insulinlike growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 6 are high-affinity regulators of IGF activity. They generally inhibit IGF actions by preventing binding to the IGF-I receptor but can also enhance their actions under some conditions. Posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation modulate IGFBP properties, and IGFBP proteolysis results in IGF release. IGFBPs have more recently been shown to have IGF-independent actions. A number of mechanisms are involved, including modulation of other growth factor pathways, nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation, interaction with the sphingolipid pathway, and binding to non-IGF biomolecules in the extracellular space and matrix, on the cell surface and intracellularly. IGFBPs modulate important biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Their actions have been implicated in growth, metabolism, cancer, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and immune regulation. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of IGFBP abundance. A more complete understanding of IGFBP biology is necessary to further define their cellular roles and determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Hoeflich A, David R, Hjortebjerg R. Current IGFBP-Related Biomarker Research in Cardiovascular Disease-We Need More Structural and Functional Information in Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:388. [PMID: 30061864 PMCID: PMC6054974 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death around the world and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system has multiple functions for the pathological conditions of atherosclerosis. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are widely investigated as biomarkers for pathological disorders, including those of the heart. At the tissue level, IGFBP-1 to -6 decrease bioactivity of IGF-I and -II due to their high affinity IGF-binding sites. By contrast, in the circulation, the IGFBPs increase biological half-life of the IGFs and may therefore be regarded as positive regulators of IGF-effects. The IGFBPs may also exert IGF-independent functions inside or outside the cell. Importantly, the circulating IGFBP-concentrations are regulated by trophic, metabolic, and reproductive hormones. In a multitude of studies of healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart diseases, various significant associations between circulating IGFBP-levels and defined parameters have been reported. However, the complex hormonal and conditional control of IGFBPs may explain the lack of clear associations between IGFBPs and parameters of cardiac failure in broader studies including larger populations. Furthermore, the IGFBPs are subject to posttranslational modifications and proteolytic degradation by proteases, upon which the IGFs are released. In this review, we emphasize that, with the exception of IGFBP-4 and in sharp contrast to the preclinical studies, virtually all clinical studies do not have structural or functional information on their biomarker. The use of analytical systems with no discriminatory potential toward intact vs. fragmented IGFBPs represents a major issue in IGFBP-related biomarker research and an important focus point for the future. Overall, measurements of selected IGFBPs or more complex IGFBP-signatures of the family of IGFBPs have potential to identify pathophysiological alterations in the heart or patients with high cardiovascular risk, particularly if defined cohorts are to be assessed. However, a more thorough understanding of the dynamic IGF-IGFBP system as well as its proteases and protease inhibitors in both normal physiology and in cardiovascular diseases is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Department of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Andreas Hoeflich
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rikke Hjortebjerg
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Nedić O, Šunderić M, Gligorijević N, Malenković V, Miljuš G. Analysis of Four Circulating Complexes of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Human Blood during Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1200-1206. [PMID: 29037141 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary role of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) is to regulate availability of IGFs for interacting with receptors, but IGFBPs perform IGF-independent actions as well. The availability and activity of IGFBPs in the circulation is influenced primarily by their concentration and structural modifications, but possibly also by interaction with major plasma proteins such as transferrin, alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), and fibrinogen. Four types of circulating IGFBP complexes were examined in this study by immuno- and ligand-binding assays in adults of different age. The amounts of IGFBP-3/transferrin and IGFBP-1/fibrinogen complexes were similar in middle- and old-aged persons, whereas the amounts of IGFBP-1 (or -2)/α2M monomer complexes were lower in the old-aged group and negatively correlated with total IGFBP-1 (or -2) amounts in blood. In contrast to IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 was present in significantly greater quantities in complexes with α2M dimer than α2M monomer in older individuals. IGFBP complexes did not bind 125I-labeled IGF-I in amounts detectable by ligand blotting. According to the results of this study, the quantities of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, which interact with α2M, are age-dependent and, in the case of complexes with α2M monomer, they are negatively correlated with the total circulating levels of these two IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nedić
- INEP-Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Interference of stress with the somatotropic axis in pigs - lights on new biomarkers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12055. [PMID: 28935925 PMCID: PMC5608691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceptance of animal products is increasingly associated with standardized animal welfare, which relates to appropriate animal husbandry from birth to slaughter. In particular, shipment to the slaughterhouse is considered as a critical process exposing the animals to a number of, in part severe, stressors. New biomarkers may be useful for the assessment of animal welfare. The IGF-system has been assessed in a commercial pig transport in conjunction with established markers of stress response. Furthermore, the effect of repeated restraint as an experimental model for repeated acute stress was investigated. During shipment from farm to slaughterhouse, plasma concentrations of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). After shipment, the plasma concentrations of IGFBP-5, glucocorticoids and IL-2 increased but decreased after lairage (p < 0.05) whereas IGF-1 decreased after shipment (p < 0.01). Repeated acute stress increased concentrations of IGFBP-3 and IGF-1 in exsanguination blood (p < 0.05). Differential IGF- signatures can indicate altered endocrine or metabolic control and thus contain complex animal-related information. The somatotropic axis may be of particular interest when established biomarkers such as cortisol, glucose, or lactate cannot be used for the assessment of animal stress or welfare.
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Abstract
The development of milk during evolution is considered a more recent step to provide the neonate with adequate amounts of energy, nutrients, and specific hormonal signals thereby, granting a fast and efficient rate of postnatal growth and development. Since the insulin- or the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) systems were evolved much earlier, it can be assumed that the functionality of the IGF-system has been integrated into the novel matrix milk containing casein and whey proteins from the beginnings. In fact, IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are abundantly present in milk, which is particularly true for fore-milk or colostrum and the potential effects of milk-borne IGF-compounds on the consuming organisms have in fact been addressed by several studies. Those studies examined, if orally administered IGFs can be absorbed by the consumer's gastro-intestinal tract and thus contribute e.g. to the somatic growth of infants. A second line of studies assessed local effects of milk-borne IGFs on growth and development of the gastro-intestinal tract itself. Finally, distinct functions of isolated IGF-compounds for growth and involution of the mammary gland have also been provided in the past. While the consumption of milk seems not to represent a major source of endogenous IGFs, accumulating evidence indicates secondary effects of milk on the endogenous IGF-system, which may be mediated by micronutrients such as branched amino acids and metabolic programming. By contrast, direct effects on growth and development of oesophageal and intestinal cells have been observed if IGFs were administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Zianka Meyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Rotwein P. Large-scale analysis of variation in the insulin-like growth factor family in humans reveals rare disease links and common polymorphisms. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9252-9261. [PMID: 28389567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors IGF1 and IGF2 are closely related proteins that are essential for normal growth and development in humans and other species and play critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. IGF actions are mediated by transmembrane receptors and modulated by IGF-binding proteins. The importance of IGF actions in human physiology is strengthened by the rarity of inactivating mutations in their genes and by the devastating impact caused by such mutations on normal development and somatic growth. Large-scale genome sequencing has the potential to provide new insights into human variation and disease susceptibility. Toward this end, the availability of DNA sequence data from 60,706 people through the Exome Aggregation Consortium has prompted the analyses presented here. Results reveal a broad range of potential missense and other alterations in the coding regions of every IGF family gene, but the vast majority of predicted changes were uncommon. The total number of different alleles detected per gene in the population varied over an ∼15-fold range, from 57 for IGF1 to 872 for IGF2R, although when corrected for protein length the rate ranged from 0.22 to 0.59 changes/codon among the 11 genes evaluated. Previously characterized disease-causing mutations in IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R, or IGFALS all were found in the general population but with allele frequencies of <1:30,000. A few new highly prevalent amino acid polymorphisms were also identified. Collectively, these data provide a wealth of opportunities to understand the intricacies of IGF signaling and action in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rotwein
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas 79905
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Olszanecka A, Dragan A, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Fedak D, Czarnecka D. Relationships of insulin-like growth factor-1, its binding proteins, and cardiometabolic risk in hypertensive perimenopausal women. Metabolism 2017; 69:96-106. [PMID: 28285656 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the transition from premenopause to postmenopause, many women experience weight gain and central fat deposition; therefore, we hypothesized that circulating growth factors can play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical organ damage in perimenopausal women. BASIC PROCEDURES The study included 192 women aged 40 to 60years; 152 had newly diagnosed essential hypertension that had never been treated, and 40 were normotensive age-matched controls. For all subjects, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiographic examination with assessment of left ventricular mass (LVM) and systolic and diastolic functions (GE Vivid 7.0, General Electric Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway), carotid ultrasound with measurement of intima-media thickness, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia) were performed. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were measured using an immunochemical assay. MAIN FINDINGS Hypertensive women had significantly lower IGFBP-2 levels than did normotensive controls (162.9±83.7 vs. 273.1±103.0μg/L, p<0.001); the groups did not differ regarding IGF and IGFBP-3 concentrations. After adjusting the covariates, multivariate analysis showed that IGFBP2 was significantly negatively correlated with 24-h systolic blood pressure (β=-0.31, p=0.02). The adjusted odds ratio for hypertension per standard deviation decrease in IGFBP-2 was 3.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-7.13). IGFBP-2 showed a negative correlation with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Independent of body composition, IGFBP-2 was significantly related to left ventricular relative wall thickness and the ratio of mitral inflow velocities as parameter of diastolic function. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS In perimenopausal women, decreased IGFBP-2 levels may play a role in blood pressure regulation and the development of subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Whether IGFBP-2 is a marker or a mediator of cardiovascular disease in this population merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olszanecka
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology, and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Dragan
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology, and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology, and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Fedak
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Czarnecka
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology, and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
Measurements of human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) are cornerstones in the diagnosis of acromegaly. Both hormones are also used as biochemical markers in the evaluation of disease activity during treatment. Management of acromegaly is particularly challenging in cases where discordant information is obtained from measurement of GH concentrations following oral glucose load and from measurement of IGF-I. While in some patients biological factors can explain the discrepancy, in many cases issues with the analytical methods seem to be responsible. Assays used by endocrine laboratories to determine concentrations of GH and IGF-I underwent significant changes during the last decades. While generally leading to more sensitive and reproducible methods, these changes also had considerable impact on absolute concentrations measured. This must be reflected by updated decision limits, cut-offs and reference intervals. Since different commercially available assays do not agree very well, method specific interpretation of GH and IGF-I concentrations is required. This complexity in the interpretation of hormone concentrations is not always appropriately reflected in laboratory reports, but also not in clinical guidelines reporting decision limits not related to a specific analytical method. The present review provides an overview about methodological and biological variables affecting the biochemical assessment of acromegaly in diagnosis and follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schilbach
- Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Laboratory, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian J Strasburger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Laboratory, Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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40
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Rounge TB, Page CM, Lepistö M, Ellonen P, Andreassen BK, Weiderpass E. Genome-wide DNA methylation in saliva and body size of adolescent girls. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1495-1505. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We performed an epigenome-wide association study within the Finnish Health in Teens cohort to identify differential DNA methylation and its association with BMI in adolescents. Materials & methods: Differential DNA methylation analyses of 3.1 million CpG sites were performed in saliva samples from 50 lean and 50 heavy adolescent girls by genome-wide targeted bisulfite-sequencing. Results: We identified 100 CpG sites with p-values < 0.000524, seven regions by ‘bumphunting’ and five CpG islands that differed significantly between the two groups. The ten CpG sites and regions most strongly associated with BMI substantially overlapped with obesity- and insulin-related genes, including MC2R, IGFBPL1, IP6K1 and IGF2BP1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest an association between the saliva methylome and BMI in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B Rounge
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina K Andreassen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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41
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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Kammel A, Saussenthaler S, Jähnert M, Jonas W, Stirm L, Hoeflich A, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Joost HG, Schürmann A, Schwenk RW. Early hypermethylation of hepatic Igfbp2 results in its reduced expression preceding fatty liver in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2588-2599. [PMID: 27126637 PMCID: PMC5181631 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat disposition are risk factors for metabolic disease. Recent data indicate that IGFBP2 expression in liver is epigenetically inhibited during hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate if epigenetic de-regulation of hepatic Igfbp2 occurs already early in life and is associated with increased risk for diet-induced obesity (DIO) during adolescence. Male C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet. After 3 weeks on this diet (age of 6 weeks), DIO-susceptible (responder, Resp) and DIO-resistant (non-responder, nResp) mice were identified by early weight gain. At the age of 6 weeks, Resp mice exhibited elevated blood glucose (p < 0.05), plasma insulin (p < 0.01), HOMA-IR and leptin/adiponectin ratio, whereas liver triglycerides were identical but significantly increased (p < 0.01) in Resp mice at 20 weeks of age. Igfbp2 expression was reduced in young Resp compared with nResp mice (p < 0.01), an effect that correlated with elevated DNA methylation of intronic CpG2605 (p < 0.01). The epigenetic inhibition of Igfbp2 was stable over time and preceded DIO and hepatosteatosis in adult mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that selective methylation of CpG2605 significantly reduced reporter activity by ∼85%, indicating that Igfbp2 expression is modulated by methylation. In human whole blood cells, methylation of IGFBP2 at the homologous CpG site was increased in obese men with impaired glucose tolerance. In conclusion, our data show that increased methylation of hepatic Igfbp2 during infancy predicts the development of fatty liver later in life and is linked to deterioration of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kammel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Stirm
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert W Schwenk
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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