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Elhai M, Micheroli R, Houtman M, Mirrahimi M, Moser L, Pauli C, Bürki K, Laimbacher A, Kania G, Klein K, Schätzle P, Frank Bertoncelj M, Edalat SG, Keusch L, Khmelevskaya A, Toitou M, Geiss C, Rauer T, Sakkou M, Kollias G, Armaka M, Distler O, Ospelt C. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR contributes to joint-specific gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8172. [PMID: 38071204 PMCID: PMC10710443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) typically exhibit symmetrical joint involvement, some patients develop alternative disease patterns in response to treatment, suggesting that different molecular mechanism may underlie disease progression depending on joint location. Here, we identify joint-specific changes in RA synovium and synovial fibroblasts (SF) between knee and hand joints. We show that the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR, which is only expressed in knee SF, regulates more than 50% of this site-specific gene expression in SF. HOTAIR is downregulated after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is expressed at lower levels in knee samples from patients with RA, compared with osteoarthritis. Knockdown of HOTAIR in knee SF increases PI-Akt signalling and IL-6 production, but reduces Wnt signalling. Silencing HOTAIR inhibits the migratory function of SF, decreases SF-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and increases the recruitment of B cells by SF. We propose that HOTAIR is an important epigenetic factor in joint-specific gene expression in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Elhai
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Micheroli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Houtman
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masoumeh Mirrahimi
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Moser
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Bürki
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Laimbacher
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Klein
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mojca Frank Bertoncelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sam G Edalat
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leandra Keusch
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Khmelevskaya
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melpomeni Toitou
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celina Geiss
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rauer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Sakkou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Oliver Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Bravo-Guapisaca MI, Gavidia-Pazmiño JF, Intriago-Morales RV. Adipokines in dental pulp: physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:59-70. [PMID: 34808362 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions-regulating distant organs such as oral tissues-and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications. HIGHLIGHTS The most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation. CONCLUSION Adipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.
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Modulation of peritumoral fibroblasts with a membrane-tethered tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) for the elimination of cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:198-208. [PMID: 34519970 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritumoral fibroblasts are key components of the tumor microenvironment. Through remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretion of pro-tumorigenic cytokines, peritumoral fibroblasts foster an immunosuppressive milieu conducive to tumor cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated if peritumoral fibroblasts could be therapeutically engineered to elicit an anti-cancer response by abolishing the proteolytic activities of membrane-bound metalloproteinases involved in ECM modulation. METHODS A high affinity, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP) named "T1PrαTACE" was created for dual inhibition of MT1-MMP and TACE. T1PrαTACE was expressed in fibroblasts and its effects on cancer cell proliferation investigated in 3D co-culture models. RESULTS T1PrαTACE abrogated the activities of MT1-MMP and TACE in host fibroblasts. As a GPI protein, T1PrαTACE could spontaneously detach from the plasma membrane of the fibroblast to co-localize with MT1-MMP and TACE on neighboring cancer cells. In a 3D co-culture model, T1PrαTACE promoted adherence between the cancer cells and surrounding fibroblasts, which led to an attenuation in tumor development. CONCLUSION Peritumoral fibroblasts can be modulated with the TIMP for the elimination of cancer cells. As a novel anti-tumor strategy, our approach could potentially be used in combination with conventional chemo- and immunotherapies for a more effective cancer therapy.
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Marsh LJ, Kemble S, Reis Nisa P, Singh R, Croft AP. Fibroblast pathology in inflammatory joint disease. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:163-183. [PMID: 34096076 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease in which fibroblasts contribute to both joint damage and inflammation. Fibroblasts are a major cell constituent of the lining of the joint cavity called the synovial membrane. Under resting conditions, fibroblasts have an important role in maintaining joint homeostasis, producing extracellular matrix and joint lubricants. In contrast, during joint inflammation, fibroblasts contribute to disease pathology by producing pathogenic levels of inflammatory mediators that drive the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells within the joint. Recent advances in single-cell profiling techniques have transformed our ability to examine fibroblast biology, leading to the identification of specific fibroblast subsets, defining a previously underappreciated heterogeneity of disease-associated fibroblast populations. These studies are challenging the previously held dogma that fibroblasts are homogeneous and are providing unique insights into their role in inflammatory joint pathology. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how fibroblast heterogeneity contributes to joint pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we address how these insights could lead to the development of novel therapies that directly target selective populations of fibroblasts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy-Jayne Marsh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patricia Reis Nisa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruchir Singh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chen J, Sivan U, Tan SL, Lippo L, De Angelis J, Labella R, Singh A, Chatzis A, Cheuk S, Medhghalchi M, Gil J, Hollander G, Marsden BD, Williams R, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. High-resolution 3D imaging uncovers organ-specific vascular control of tissue aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd7819. [PMID: 33536212 PMCID: PMC7857692 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels provide supportive microenvironments for maintaining tissue functions. Age-associated vascular changes and their relation to tissue aging and pathology are poorly understood. Here, we perform 3D imaging of young and aging vascular beds. Multiple organs in mice and humans demonstrate an age-dependent decline in vessel density and pericyte numbers, while highly remodeling tissues such as skin preserve the vasculature. Vascular attrition precedes the appearance of cellular hallmarks of aging such as senescence. Endothelial VEGFR2 loss-of-function mice demonstrate that vascular perturbations are sufficient to stimulate cellular changes coupled with aging. Age-associated tissue-specific molecular changes in the endothelium drive vascular loss and dictate pericyte to fibroblast differentiation. Lineage tracing of perivascular cells with inducible PDGFRβ and NG2 Cre mouse lines demonstrated that increased pericyte to fibroblast differentiation distinguishes injury-induced organ fibrosis and zymosan-induced arthritis. To spur further discoveries, we provide a freely available resource with 3D vascular and tissue maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Unnikrishnan Sivan
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Sin Lih Tan
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jessica De Angelis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Amit Singh
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Stanley Cheuk
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mino Medhghalchi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georg Hollander
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, NDM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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Crowe LAN, Garcia Melchor E, Murrell GAC, McInnes IB, Akbar M, Millar NL. Stromal “activation” markers do not confer pathogenic activity in tendinopathy. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. N. Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Emma Garcia Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - George A. C. Murrell
- Orthopaedic Research Institute St George Hospital Campus University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Neal L. Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Nielsen MA, Lomholt S, Mellemkjaer A, Andersen MN, Buckley CD, Kragstrup TW. Responses to Cytokine Inhibitors Associated with Cellular Composition in Models of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 2:3-10. [PMID: 31943973 PMCID: PMC6957916 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immune‐mediated inflammatory arthritis (IMIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) target very different cellular components of the disease processes. Characterization of the pathobiological subtypes of IMIA could provide more specific treatment approaches for each disease. For example, RA has been proposed to consist of at least three synovial pathotypes (lymphoid, myeloid, and fibroid), and only a subgroup of RA patients have erosive disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various DMARDs on different synovial cell subsets using human ex vivo models of IMIA. Methods Synovial fluid and blood samples were obtained from a study population consisting of patients with RA, PsA, or peripheral SpA with at least one swollen joint (n = 18). The DMARDs used in this study were methotrexate, adalimumab, etanercept, tocilizumab, anakinra, ustekinumab, secukinumab, tofacitinib, and baricitinib. Paired synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and fibroblast‐like synovial cells (FLSs) were used in three different previously optimized ex vivo models. Results In SFMCs cultured for 48 hours, all DMARDs except anakinra decreased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1. In SFMCs cultured for 21 days, only the two tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors adalimumab and etanercept decreased the secretion of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In the FLS and PBMC 48‐hour co‐cultures, only tocilizumab (P < 0.001) and the two Janus kinase inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib (both P < 0.05) decreased the production of MCP‐1 by around 50%. Conclusion TNFα inhibition was effective in preventing inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, whereas tocilizumab, tofacitinib, and baricitinib had superior efficacy in cultures dominated by FLSs. Taken together, this study reveals that responses to cytokine inhibitors associate with cellular composition in models of IMIA. In particular, this study provides new evidence on the differential effect of DMARDs on leukocytes compared with stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher D Buckley
- University of Oxford, Oxford, and University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tue W Kragstrup
- Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Knowledge of how the joint functions as an integrated unit in health and disease requires an understanding of the stromal cells populating the joint mesenchyme, including fibroblasts, tissue-resident macrophages and endothelial cells. Knowledge of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that involve joint mesenchymal stromal cells has begun to cast new light on why joint inflammation persists. The shared embryological origins of fibroblasts and endothelial cells might shape the behaviour of these cell types in diseased adult tissues. Cells of mesenchymal origin sustain inflammation in the synovial membrane and tendons by various mechanisms, and the important contribution of newly discovered fibroblast subtypes and their associated crosstalk with endothelial cells, tissue-resident macrophages and leukocytes is beginning to emerge. Knowledge of these mechanisms should help to shape the future therapeutic landscape and emphasizes the requirement for new strategies to address the pathogenic stroma and associated crosstalk between leukocytes and cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Resolvin E1 Ameliorates Pulpitis by Suppressing Dental Pulp Fibroblast Activation in a Chemerin Receptor 23-dependent Manner. J Endod 2019; 45:1126-1134.e1. [PMID: 31353056 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Timely resolution of pulp inflammation is a prerequisite for the healing of inflamed dental pulp. Stromal cells, particularly fibroblasts, play a critical role in the inflammation resolution process. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a lipid-derived endogenous proresolution molecule that mediates this resolution process. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RvE1 on dental fibroblasts during the pathogenesis of pulpitis. METHODS The pulp tissues in maxillary incisors of male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 50) were exposed to the oral environment for 0, 9, 24, and 48 hours, after which they were treated with RvE1 or its vehicle. The inflammatory changes after 24 hours were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23) expression in rat pulp tissues and human dental fibroblasts was detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, small interfering RNA-based knockdown studies were performed to evaluate the effects of RvE1 inhibition on proinflammatory genes and nuclear factor kappa B signaling of human dental pulp fibroblasts. RESULTS Early treatment (within 24 hours after pulp exposure) with RvE1 promoted a decline in the number of inflammatory cells and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it reduced ChemR23 expression in the fibroblastlike cells of inflamed pulp tissues. In vitro, ChemR23 was widely expressed in human dental fibroblasts. RvE1 significantly suppressed cytokine production by fibroblasts, with down-regulation of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in these cells. Knockdown of ChemR23 almost abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of RvE1. CONCLUSIONS RvE1 can suppress the activation of dental pulp fibroblasts in a ChemR23-dependent manner and inhibit inflammation in the relevant early stages of pulpitis.
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Bergqvist F, Carr AJ, Wheway K, Watkins B, Oppermann U, Jakobsson PJ, Dakin SG. Divergent roles of prostacyclin and PGE 2 in human tendinopathy. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:74. [PMID: 30867043 PMCID: PMC6416900 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon disease is a significant global healthcare burden whereby patients experience pain and disability; however, the mechanisms that underlie inflammation and pain are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of prostaglandins as important mediators of inflammation and pain in tissues and cells derived from patients with tendinopathy. METHODS We studied supraspinatus and Achilles tendon biopsies from symptomatic patients with tendinopathy or rupture. Tendon-derived stromal cells (CD45negCD34neg) isolated from tendons were cultured and treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to investigate prostaglandin production. RESULTS Diseased tendon tissues showed increased expression of prostacyclin receptor (IP) and enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, including cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). PGIS co-localized with cells expressing Podoplanin, a marker of stromal fibroblast activation, and the nociceptive neuromodulator NMDAR-1. Treatment with IL-1β induced release of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1α in tendon cells isolated from diseased supraspinatus and Achilles tendons but not in cells from healthy comparator tendons. The same treatment induced profound prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in tendon cells derived from patients with supraspinatus tendon tears. Incubation of IL-1β treated diseased tendon cells with selective mPGES-1 inhibitor Compound III, reduced PGE2, and simultaneously increased 6-keto PGF1α production. Conversely, COX blockade with naproxen or NS-398 inhibited both PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1α production. Tendon biopsies from patients in whom symptoms had resolved showed increased PTGIS compared to biopsies from patients with persistent tendinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PGE2 sustains inflammation and pain while prostacyclin may have a protective role in human tendon disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Bergqvist
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie G. Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
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Asam S, Neag G, Berardicurti O, Gardner D, Barone F. The role of stroma and epithelial cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3503-3512. [PMID: 30945742 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary SS (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by infiltration of the exocrine glands and systemic B cell hyperactivation. This glandular infiltration is associated with loss of glandular function, with pSS patients primarily presenting with severe dryness of the eyes and mouth. Within the affected glands, the infiltrating lymphocytes are organized in tertiary lymphoid structures. Tertiary lymphoid structures subvert normal tissue architecture and impact on organ function, by promoting the activation and maintenance of autoreactive lymphocytes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of stromal cells (including endothelium, epithelium, nerves and fibroblasts) in the pathogenesis of pSS, in particular the interactions taking place between stromal cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. We will provide evidences pointing towards the driving role of stromal cells in the orchestration of the local inflammatory milieu, thus highlighting the need for therapies aimed at targeting this compartment alongside classical immunosuppression in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Asam
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgiana Neag
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David Gardner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Crowe LAN, McLean M, Kitson SM, Melchor EG, Patommel K, Cao HM, Reilly JH, Leach WJ, Rooney BP, Spencer SJ, Mullen M, Chambers M, Murrell GAC, McInnes IB, Akbar M, Millar NL. S100A8 & S100A9: Alarmin mediated inflammation in tendinopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1463. [PMID: 30728384 PMCID: PMC6365574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 are endogenous molecules released in response to environmental triggers and cellular damage. They are constitutively expressed in immune cells such as monocytes and neutrophils and their expression is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. The molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammatory pathways in tendinopathy are largely unknown therefore identifying early immune effectors is essential to understanding the pathology. Based on our previous investigations highlighting tendinopathy as an alarmin mediated pathology we sought evidence of S100A8 & A9 expression in a human model of tendinopathy and thereafter, to explore mechanisms whereby S100 proteins may regulate release of inflammatory mediators and matrix synthesis in human tenocytes. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR showed S100A8 & A9 expression was significantly upregulated in tendinopathic tissue compared with control. Furthermore, treating primary human tenocytes with exogenous S100A8 & A9 significantly increased protein release of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL20 and CXCL10; however, no alterations in genes associated with matrix remodelling were observed at a transcript level. We propose S100A8 & A9 participate in early pathology by modulating the stromal microenvironment and influencing the inflammatory profile observed in tendinopathy. S100A8 and S100A9 may participate in a positive feedback mechanism involving enhanced leukocyte recruitment and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from tenocytes that perpetuates the inflammatory response within the tendon in the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A N Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael McLean
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan M Kitson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Emma Garcia Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Katharina Patommel
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Hai Man Cao
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George Hospital Campus, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James H Reilly
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - William J Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Brain P Rooney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon J Spencer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Mullen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Max Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - George A C Murrell
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George Hospital Campus, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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14
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Mechanistic immunological based classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1115-1123. [PMID: 30213700 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The classical autoimmunity paradigm in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is strongly supported by immunogenetics suggesting follicular helper T-cell responses driving high titre specific autoantibodies that pre-dates disease onset. Using the immunological disease continuum model of inflammation against self with "pure" adaptive and innate immune disease at opposite boundaries, we propose a novel immune mechanistic classification describing the heterogeneity within RA. Mutations or SNPs in autoinflammatory genes including MEFV and NOD2 are linked to seronegative RA phenotypes including some so called palindromic RA cases. However, just as innate and adaptive immunity are closely functionally integrated, some ACPA+ RA cases have superimposed "autoinflammatory" features including abrupt onset attacks, severe attacks, self-limiting attacks, relevant autoinflammatory mutations or SNPs and therapeutic responses to autoinflammatory pathway therapies including colchicine and IL-1 pathway blockade. An emergent feature from this classification that non-destructive RA phenotypes, both innate and adaptive, have disease epicentres situated in the extracapsular tissues. This mixed innate and adaptive immunopathogenesis may be the key to understanding severe disease flares, resistant disease subsets that are unresponsive to standard therapy and for therapies that target the autoinflammatory component of disease that are not currently considered by expert therapeutic recommendations.
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15
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West NR, Owens BMJ, Hegazy AN. The oncostatin M-stromal cell axis in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12694. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Genentech; South San Francisco California
| | - Benjamin M. J. Owens
- Somerville College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- EUSA Pharma; Hemel Hempstead UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology; Charité Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum; ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Berlin Germany
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16
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Crowley T, Buckley CD, Clark AR. Stroma: the forgotten cells of innate immune memory. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:24-36. [PMID: 29729109 PMCID: PMC6038004 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are exposed constantly to a variety of infectious and injurious stimuli. These induce inflammatory responses tailored to the threat posed. While the innate immune system is the front line of response to each stimulant, it has been considered traditionally to lack memory, acting in a generic fashion until the adaptive immune arm can take over. This outmoded simplification of the roles of innate and acquired arms of the immune system has been challenged by evidence of myeloid cells altering their response to subsequent encounters based on earlier exposure. This concept of 'innate immune memory' has been known for nearly a century, and is accepted among myeloid biologists. In recent years other innate immune cells, such as natural killer cells, have been shown to display memory, suggesting that innate immune memory is a trait common to several cell types. During the last 30 years, evidence has slowly accumulated in favour of not only haematopoietic cells, but also stromal cells, being imbued with memory following inflammatory episodes. A recent publication showing this also to be true in epithelial cells suggests innate immune memory to be widespread, if under-appreciated, in non-haematopoietic cells. In this review, we will examine the evidence supporting the existence of innate immune memory in stromal cells. We will also discuss the ramifications of memory in long-lived tissue-resident cells. Finally, we will pose questions we feel to be important in the understanding of these forgotten cells in the field of innate memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Crowley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - A. R. Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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17
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Falconer J, Murphy AN, Young S, Clark AR, Tiziani S, Guma M, Buckley CD. Review: Synovial Cell Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:984-999. [PMID: 29579371 PMCID: PMC6019623 DOI: 10.1002/art.40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic studies of body fluids show that immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with metabolic disruption. This is likely to reflect the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of sustained inflammation and changes in nutrient and oxygen availability in damaged tissue. The synovial membrane lining layer is the principal site of inflammation in RA. Here, the resident cells are fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and synovial tissue macrophages, which are transformed toward overproduction of enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone and cytokines that promote immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have shown metabolic changes in both FLS and macrophages from RA patients, and these may be therapeutically targetable. However, because the origins and subset-specific functions of synoviocytes are poorly understood, and the signaling modules that control metabolic deviation in RA synovial cells are yet to be explored, significant additional research is needed to translate these findings to clinical application. Furthermore, in many inflamed tissues, different cell types can forge metabolic collaborations through solute carriers in their membranes to meet a high demand for energy or biomolecules. Such relationships are likely to exist in the synovium and have not been studied. Finally, it is not yet known whether metabolic change is a consequence of disease or whether primary changes to cellular metabolism might underlie or contribute to the pathogenesis of early-stage disease. In this review article, we collate what is known about metabolism in synovial tissue cells and highlight future directions of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Falconer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Stephen Young
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX
| | - Monica Guma
- Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford. UK
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18
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Mosca MJ, Rashid MS, Snelling SJ, Kirtley S, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. Trends in the theory that inflammation plays a causal role in tendinopathy: a systematic review and quantitative analysis of published reviews. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000332. [PMID: 30018785 PMCID: PMC6045756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The contribution of inflammation to tendinopathy has been debated in the scientific literature. Several factors may contribute to this lack of clarity, including inconsistent definitions of inflammation. We hypothesised that the adoption and/or rejection of a causal link between inflammation and tendinopathy varied as a function of the 'inflammatory component' (eg, immune cell and molecular mediators included in published reviews). METHODS Twenty data items were collected from each review to determine conclusions about the role of inflammation in tendinopathy, specific definitions of the 'inflammatory component,' quality of the review and other potential correlates. Associations between correlates and a review's conclusion about the role of inflammation in tendinopathy were tested using binomial logistic regression. The database searches retrieved 2261 unique publications: 137 fulfilled inclusion criteria after full text screenings. RESULTS There has been little support for an inflammatory component to tendinopathy until recently (2012-2015). Prior to 2012, the majority of published reviews did not discuss monocytes, macrophages or lymphocytes in tendinopathy; rather they focused on the lack of neutrophils, often referred to as 'the inflammatory infiltrate', or immune cells were not discussed. Reviews including monocytes and lymphocytes in their discussions were 5.23 times more likely to conclude inflammation was important than reviews that did not, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS Data collected show growing support for an inflammatory component to tendinopathy, particularly among high-quality reviews and those that used more robust definitions of inflammation. This finding may have implications for explaining dissonance in the literature regarding a causal role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mosca
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Mustafa S Rashid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Shona Kirtley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Jonathan Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Georgina Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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19
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Buckley CD. Why should rheumatologists care about fibroblasts?: Answering questions about tissue tropism and disease persistence. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 56:863-864. [PMID: 27498350 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Hähnlein JS, Nadafi R, de Jong T, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Semmelink JF, Maijer KI, Zijlstra IJA, Maas M, Gerlag DM, Geijtenbeek TBH, Tak PP, Mebius RE, van Baarsen LGM. Impaired lymph node stromal cell function during the earliest phases of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:35. [PMID: 29482663 PMCID: PMC5828373 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic autoimmunity can be present years before clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adaptive immunity is initiated in lymphoid tissue where lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) regulate immune responses through their intimate connection with leucocytes. We postulate that malfunctioning of LNSCs creates a microenvironment in which normal immune responses are not properly controlled, possibly leading to autoimmune disease. In this study we established an experimental model for studying the functional capacities of human LNSCs during RA development. Methods Twenty-four patients with RA, 23 individuals positive for autoantibodies but without clinical disease (RA risk group) and 14 seronegative healthy control subjects underwent ultrasound-guided inguinal lymph node (LN) biopsy. Human LNSCs were isolated and expanded in vitro for functional analyses. In analogous co-cultures consisting of LNSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, αCD3/αCD28-induced T-cell proliferation was measured using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dilution. Results Fibroblast-like cells expanded from the LN biopsy comprised of fibroblastic reticular cells (gp38+CD31−) and double-negative (gp38−CD31−) cells. Cultured LNSCs stably expressed characteristic adhesion molecules and cytokines. Basal expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) was lower in LNSCs from RA risk individuals than in those from healthy control subjects. Key LN chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL19), CCL21 and CXCL13 were induced in LNSCs upon stimulation with tumour necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin α1β2, but to a lesser extent in LNSCs from patients with RA. The effect of human LNSCs on T-cell proliferation was ratio-dependent and altered in RA LNSCs. Conclusions Overall, we developed an experimental model to facilitate research on the role of LNSCs during the earliest phases of RA. Using this innovative model, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that the LN stromal environment is changed during the earliest phases of RA, probably contributing to deregulated immune responses early in disease pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1529-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S Hähnlein
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Reza Nadafi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke de Jong
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara H Ramwadhdoebe
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Semmelink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Karen I Maijer
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - IJsbrand A Zijlstra
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Present address: Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P Tak
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.,Present address: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Present address: GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Centre (ARC), Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.
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21
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Riemann A, Reime S, Thews O. Tumor Acidosis and Hypoxia Differently Modulate the Inflammatory Program: Measurements In Vitro and In Vivo. Neoplasia 2017; 19:1033-1042. [PMID: 29149667 PMCID: PMC5695649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators produced by the tumor cells are of importance for immune response but also for malignant progression. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, and osteopontin in vitro in two different tumor cell lines under hypoxia (pO2 ≈ 1.5 mmHg) and/or acidosis (pH = 6.6) for up to 24 hours since hypoxia and acidosis are common characteristics of solid tumors. Additionally, the same tumor cell lines implanted in vivo were made hypoxic and acidotic artificially for 24 hours, after which the cytokine expression was measured. Finally, the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 by acidosis/hypoxia and their impact on cytokine expression were studied. The results indicate that acidosis and hypoxia have fundamentally different (often opposing) effects on cytokine expression. In addition, these effects were tumor cell line specific. When combining hypoxia and acidosis, the overall changes reflect an additive effect of both conditions alone, indicating that hypoxia and acidosis act by independent mechanisms. The in vivo changes corresponded well with the results obtained in the isolated tumor cells. Only iNOS expression was downregulated in vivo but increased in cell culture. For IL-6 expression, the acidosis-induced changes were dependent on ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the environmental pO2 and pH strongly affect the expression of inflammatory mediators in tumor cells. In vivo, most of the inflammatory mediators were downregulated, which could limit the activation of immune cells and by this foster the immune escape of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Riemann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Reime
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Thews
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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22
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Huhtakangas JA, Veijola J, Turunen S, Karjalainen A, Valkealahti M, Nousiainen T, Yli-Luukko S, Vuolteenaho O, Lehenkari P. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 and calcipotriol, its hypocalcemic analog, exert a long-lasting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect in synoviocytes cultured from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:13-22. [PMID: 28167299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), i.e. biologically active vitamin D and calcipotriol, a vitamin D analog, on growth and secretion of inflammatory mediators in synovial stromal cells (SSC) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Synovial stromal cells (SSC) isolated during knee prosthesis surgery from four patients with RA and four with OA were exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 or calcipotriol with or without stimulation of cells with IL-1β or TNF-α. The proliferation of cells was studied by MTT assay. Levels of cytokines were analyzed by a magnetic bead-based multiplex assay (a panel of 27 important cytokines and IL-6 alone) and RT-PCR was used to validate the concentrations of the key cytokines secreted by SSC. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) was visualized by immunofluorescence in SSC and by immunohistochemistry in the synovial tissues of three RA and three OA patients. RESULTS We detected intense staining for VDR in the synovial lining and vascular endothelium in tissue sections from all our RA and OA patients. Both 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcipotriol inhibited SSC proliferation for a prolonged time (up to 23 days with calcipotriol), but dexamethasone tended to increase SSC proliferation in a 4-day culture. 1,25(OH)2D3, calcipotriol and dexamethasone reduced the secretion of most inflammatory factors. Calcipotriol and dexamethasone additively reduced the secretions of IL-6, IFN-γ, basic FGF and VEGF in TNF-α stimulated SSC. The level of IL-6 was still diminished at 10 days after exposure, emphasizing the long-term impact of calcipotriol on SSC. CONCLUSIONS Exposure for 24-48h to 1,25(OH)2D3 or calcipotriol causes a long-lasting inhibition of cell proliferation and cytokine production in SSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Huhtakangas
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Johanna Veijola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sanna Turunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anna Karjalainen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Maarit Valkealahti
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tomi Nousiainen
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Susanna Yli-Luukko
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Biomedicine Unit, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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23
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Dakin SG, Ly L, Colas RA, Oppermann U, Wheway K, Watkins B, Dalli J, Carr AJ. Increased 15-PGDH expression leads to dysregulated resolution responses in stromal cells from patients with chronic tendinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11009. [PMID: 28887458 PMCID: PMC5591234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning the failure of inflammation to resolve in diseased musculoskeletal soft tissues are unknown. Herein, we studied bioactive lipid mediator (LM) profiles of tendon-derived stromal cells isolated from healthy donors and patients with chronic tendinopathy. Interleukin(IL)-1β treatment markedly induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in diseased compared to healthy tendon cells, and up regulated the formation of several pro-resolving mediators including 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1. Incubation of IL-1β stimulated healthy tendon cells with 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1 down-regulated PGE2 and PGD2 production. When these mediators were incubated with diseased cells, we only found a modest down regulation in prostanoid concentrations, whereas it led to significant decreases in IL-6 and Podoplanin expression. In diseased tendon cells, we also found increased 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression as well as increased concentrations of both 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 further metabolites, 15-oxo-LXA4 and 14-oxo-MaR1. Inhibition of 15-PGDH using either indomethacin or SW033291 significantly reduced the further conversion of 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 and regulated expression of IL-6, PDPN and STAT-1. Taken together these results suggest that chronic inflammation in musculoskeletal soft tissues may result from dysregulated LM-SPM production, and that inhibition of 15-PGDH activity together with promoting resolution using SPM represents a novel therapeutic strategy to resolve chronic tendon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Lucy Ly
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
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Klein K, Frank-Bertoncelj M, Karouzakis E, Gay RE, Kolling C, Ciurea A, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Lin LL, Distler O, Gay S, Ospelt C. The epigenetic architecture at gene promoters determines cell type-specific LPS tolerance. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:122-133. [PMID: 28701277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts (SF) drive inflammation and joint destruction in chronic arthritis. Here we show that SF possess a distinct type of LPS tolerance compared to macrophages and other types of fibroblasts. In SF and dermal fibroblasts, genes that were non-tolerizable after repeated LPS stimulation included pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases, whereas anti-viral genes were tolerizable. In macrophages, all measured genes were tolerizable, whereas in gingival and foreskin fibroblasts these genes were non-tolerizable. Repeated stimulation of SF with LPS resulted in loss of activating histone marks only in promoters of tolerizable genes. The epigenetic landscape at promoters of tolerizable genes was similar in unstimulated SF and monocytes, whereas the basal configuration of histone marks profoundly differed in genes that were non-tolerizable in SF only. Our data suggest that the epigenetic configuration at gene promoters regulates cell-specific LPS-induced responses and primes SF to sustain their inflammatory response in chronic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klein
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mojca Frank-Bertoncelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Karouzakis
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Renate E Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Adrian Ciurea
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Oliver Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Crowley T, O'Neil JD, Adams H, Thomas AM, Filer A, Buckley CD, Clark AR. Priming in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines is a feature of adult synovial but not dermal fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:35. [PMID: 28187781 PMCID: PMC5303242 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been hypothesized that chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be caused by a failure of negative feedback mechanisms. This study sought to examine negative feedback mechanisms in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), one of the most abundant cell types in the joint. We hypothesized that prior exposure of healthy FLS to an inflammatory stimulus would attenuate their responses to a second inflammatory stimulus, in the same way that negative feedback mechanisms desensitize macrophages to repeated stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. We further hypothesized that such negative feedback mechanisms would be defective in FLS derived from the joints in RA. Methods Synovial fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts from non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA and a fibroblast cell line from neonatal foreskin were stimulated twice with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α or interleukin (IL)-1α, with a 24-h rest period between the two 24-h stimulations. Differences between response to the first and second dose of cytokine were examined by assessing secretion of inflammatory factors and intracellular signalling activity. Results FLS from both non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA mounted an augmented response to re-stimulation. This response was site-specific, as primary dermal fibroblasts did not alter their response between doses. The fibroblast priming was also gene-specific and transient. Assessment of signalling events and nuclear localization showed prolonged activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB during the second stimulation. Conclusion This study aimed to examine mechanisms of negative regulation of inflammatory responses in FLS. Instead, we found a pro-inflammatory stromal memory in FLS obtained from both non-inflamed joints and joints affected by RA. This suggests the joint is an area at high risk of chronic inflammation, and may provide a piece in the puzzle of how chronic inflammation is established in RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1248-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crowley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - John D O'Neil
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Holly Adams
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew M Thomas
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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Dakin SG, Buckley CD, Al-Mossawi MH, Hedley R, Martinez FO, Wheway K, Watkins B, Carr AJ. Persistent stromal fibroblast activation is present in chronic tendinopathy. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:16. [PMID: 28122639 PMCID: PMC5264298 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence supports a key role for inflammation in the onset and progression of tendinopathy. However, the effect of the inflammatory infiltrate on tendon cells is poorly understood. Methods We investigated stromal fibroblast activation signatures in tissues and cells from patients with tendinopathy. Diseased tendons were collected from well-phenotyped patient cohorts with supraspinatus tendinopathy before and after sub-acromial decompression treatment. Healthy tendons were collected from patients undergoing shoulder stabilisation or anterior cruciate ligament repair. Stromal fibroblast activation markers including podoplanin (PDPN), CD106 (VCAM-1) and CD248 were investigated by immunostaining, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Results PDPN, CD248 and CD106 were increased in diseased compared to healthy tendon tissues. This stromal fibroblast activation signature persisted in tendon biopsies in patients at 2–4 years post treatment. PDPN, CD248 and CD106 were increased in diseased compared to healthy tendon cells. IL-1β treatment induced PDPN and CD106 but not CD248. IL-1β treatment induced NF-κB target genes in healthy cells, which gradually declined following replacement with cytokine-free medium, whilst PDPN and CD106 remained above pre-stimulated levels. IL-1β-treated diseased cells had more profound induction of PDPN and CD106 and sustained expression of IL6 and IL8 mRNA compared to IL-1β-treated healthy cells. Conclusions We conclude that stromal fibroblast activation markers are increased and persist in diseased compared to healthy tendon tissues and cells. Diseased tendon cells have distinct stromal fibroblast populations. IL-1β treatment induced persistent stromal fibroblast activation which was more profound in diseased cells. Persistent stromal fibroblast activation may be implicated in the development of chronic inflammation and recurrent tendinopathy. Targeting this stromal fibroblast activation signature is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham research laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Robert Hedley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK.,Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD, UK
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27
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Abe A, Nagatsuma AK, Higuchi Y, Nakamura Y, Yanagihara K, Ochiai A. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:92-103. [PMID: 26694715 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are the commonest type of cancer stromal cells. Inflammation occurs in cancer tissue, and the inflammatory process has been suggested to be caused by interactions between immune cells and cancer cells. In this study, we clarified that site-specific fibroblasts regulate the formation of a site-specific inflammatory niche according to the depth of gastric cancer cell invasion. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded tissues. The numbers of immune cells and the fibroblast area were calculated according to the cancer depth. The gene expression patterns of submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts stimulated with HSC44PE-conditioned medium were analyzed with a microarray. To examine the effects on the cancer microenvironment of differences in gene expressions between HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts, assays of HSC44PE proliferation, T cell migration, and M2-like macrophage differentiation were performed. RESULTS The distributions of immune cells differed between the submucosal layer and the subserosal layer. The number of M2 macrophages was significantly higher and the fibroblast area was significantly larger in the subserosal layer compared with the submucosal layer. High expression levels of IL1B, TNFSF15, and CCL13 were observed in HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts, and higher expression levels of TGFB2, CSF1, CCL8, and CXCL5 were found in HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblasts. HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblast medium promoted the differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages, whereas HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts significantly induced the migration of Jurkat cells and the growth of HSC44PE cells. CONCLUSION The dynamic states of immune cells differ between the submucosal and subserosal layers in cancer tissues. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation according to the depth of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abe
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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28
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Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 13:79-86. [PMID: 27974851 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A key unanswered question in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is how systemic autoimmunity progresses to joint-specific inflammation. In patients with seropositive RA (that is, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies) evidence is accumulating that immunity against post-translationally modified (such as citrullinated) autoantigens might be triggered in mucosal organs, such as the lung, long before the first signs of inflammation are seen in the joints. However, the mechanism by which systemic autoimmunity specifically homes to the joint and bone compartment, thereby triggering inflammation, remains elusive. This Review summarizes potential pathways involved in this joint-homing mechanism, focusing particularly on osteoclasts as the primary targets of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in the bone and joint compartment. Osteoclasts are dependent on citrullinating enzymes for their normal differentiation and are unique in displaying citrullinated antigens on their cell surface in a non-inflamed state. The binding of ACPAs to osteoclasts releases the chemokine IL-8, leading to bone erosion and pain. This process initiates a chain of events that could lead to attraction and activation of neutrophils, resulting in a complex series of proinflammatory processes in the synovium, eventually leading to RA.
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29
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Kalluri R. The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. NATURE REVIEWS. CANCER 2016. [PMID: 27550820 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.73.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell type that can be live-cultured from post-mortem and decaying tissue. Their resilient adaptation may reside in their intrinsic survival programmes and cellular plasticity. Cancer is associated with fibroblasts at all stages of disease progression, including metastasis, and they are a considerable component of the general host response to tissue damage caused by cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) become synthetic machines that produce many different tumour components. CAFs have a role in creating extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and metabolic and immune reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment with an impact on adaptive resistance to chemotherapy. The pleiotropic actions of CAFs on tumour cells are probably reflective of them being a heterogeneous and plastic population with context-dependent influence on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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30
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Abstract
Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell type that can be live-cultured from post-mortem and decaying tissue. Their resilient adaptation may reside in their intrinsic survival programmes and cellular plasticity. Cancer is associated with fibroblasts at all stages of disease progression, including metastasis, and they are a considerable component of the general host response to tissue damage caused by cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) become synthetic machines that produce many different tumour components. CAFs have a role in creating extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and metabolic and immune reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment with an impact on adaptive resistance to chemotherapy. The pleiotropic actions of CAFs on tumour cells are probably reflective of them being a heterogeneous and plastic population with context-dependent influence on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Stromal fibroblasts derived from mammary gland of bovine with mastitis display inflammation-specific changes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27462. [PMID: 27272504 PMCID: PMC4895242 DOI: 10.1038/srep27462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are predominant components of mammary stromal cells and play crucial roles in the development and involution of bovine mammary gland; however, whether these cells contribute to mastitis has not been demonstrated. Thus, we have undertaken biological and molecular characterization of inflammation-associated fibroblasts (INFs) extracted from bovine mammary glands with clinical mastitis and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from slaughtered dairy cows because of fractured legs during lactation. The functional contributions of INFs to normal epithelial cells were also investigated by using an in vitro co-culture model. We present evidence that the INFs were activated fibroblasts and showed inflammation-related features. Moreover, INFs significantly inhibited the proliferation and β-casein secretion of epithelial cells, as well as upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 in epithelial cells. These findings indicate that functional alterations can occur in stromal fibroblasts within the bovine mammary gland during mastitis, demonstrating the importance of stromal fibroblasts in bovine mastitis and its treatment.
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Pap T, Korb-Pap A. Cartilage damage in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—two unequal siblings. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Owens BMJ. Inflammation, Innate Immunity, and the Intestinal Stromal Cell Niche: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2015; 6:319. [PMID: 26150817 PMCID: PMC4471728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells of multiple tissues contribute to immune-mediated protective responses and, conversely, the pathological tissue changes associated with chronic inflammatory disease. However, unlike hematopoietic immune cells, tissue stromal cell populations remain poorly characterized with respect to specific surface marker expression, their ontogeny, self-renewal, and proliferative capacity within tissues and the extent to which they undergo phenotypic immunological changes during the course of an infectious or inflammatory insult. Extending our knowledge of the immunological features of stromal cells provides an exciting opportunity to further dissect the underlying biology of many important immune-mediated diseases, although several challenges remain in bringing the emerging field of stromal immunology to equivalence with the study of the hematopoietic immune cell compartment. This review highlights recent studies that have begun unraveling the complexity of tissue stromal cell function in immune responses, with a focus on the intestine, and proposes strategies for the development of the field to uncover the great potential for stromal immunology to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of disease, and the opening of new therapeutic avenues in multiple chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Somerville College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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