Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009;41:40-59. [PMID: 18662800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.010]

Advancements in curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticle delivery systems: progressive strategies in cancer therapy

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden with little impact especially on aggressive types of cancer. Conventional therapies have many serious side effects including generalised systemic toxicity which limits their long-term use. Tumour resistance and recurrence is another main problem associated with conventional therapy. Purified or extracted natural products have been investigated as cost-effective cancer chemoprotective agents with the potential to reverse or delaying carcinogenesis. Curcumin (CUR) as a natural polyphenolic component, exhibits many pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, activity against neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer, antidiabetic activities (type II diabetes), anticoagulant properties, wound healing effects in both preclinical and clinical studies. Despite these effective protective properties, CUR has several limitations, including poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, chemical instability, rapid metabolism and a short half-life time. To overcome the pharmaceutical problems associated with free CUR, novel nanomedicine strategies (including polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs have been developed. These formulations have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of curcuminoids. In this review, we comprehensively summarise and discuss recent in vitro and in vivo studies to explore the pharmaceutical significance and clinical benefits of PLGA-NPs delivery system to improve the efficacy of CUR in the treatment of cancer.

Role of Curcuma longae Rhizoma in medical applications: research challenges and opportunities

Curcuma longae Rhizoma, commonly known as turmeric, is extensively utilized not only in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) but also across various traditional medicine systems worldwide. It is renowned for its effectiveness in removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. The primary bioactive metabolites of Curcuma longae Rhizoma-curcumin, β-elemene, curcumol, and curdione-have been extensively studied for their pharmacological benefits. These include anti-tumor properties, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, immune regulation, liver protection, and their roles as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antivirals, antibacterials, hypoglycemics, and antioxidants. This review critically examines the extensive body of research regarding the mechanisms of action of Curcuma longae Rhizoma, which engages multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/AKT. The core objective of this review is to assess how the main active metabolites of turmeric interact with these molecular systems to achieve therapeutic outcomes in various clinical settings. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges related to the bioavailability of these metabolites and explore potential methods to enhance their therapeutic effects. By doing so, this review aims to provide fresh insights into the optimization of Curcuma longae Rhizoma for broader clinical applications.

Sexual dysfunction in dichlorvos-exposed male Wistar rat is ameliorated by curcumin and associated with the upregulation of testosterone

Dichlorvos is an organophosphate pesticide that is commonly used for agricultural and domestic control of pests and insects. Despite its usefulness, it exerts reproductive toxicity and induces male sexual dysfunction. On the other hand, curcumin has been reported to improve sexual dysfunction. However, till date, no study has reported the impact of curcumin on dichlorvos-induced sexual dysfunction. This study investigated the effect and associated mechanism of curcumin on dichlorvos-induced sexual dysfunction. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups; the control (1 mL of olive oil), curcumin-treated (100 mg/kg), DDVP-treated (98.54 g/m3 of dichlorvos by inhalation), and DDVP + Curcumin-treated. Dichlorvos induced sexual dysfunction as depicted by reduced motivation to mate (8.38 ± 0.18 vs. 4.00 ± 0.33, P < 0.0001), prolonged latencies (46.63 ± 1.30 vs. 98.75 ± 1.32, P < 0.0001) and reduced frequencies of mount (14.88 ± 0.52 vs. 8.63 ± 0.38), intromission (9.38 ± 0.50 vs. 3.75 ± 0.31, P < 0.0001), and ejaculation (7.63 ± 0.38 vs. 1.50 ± 0.19, P < 0.0001). These findings were accompanied by suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, evidenced by marked reductions in circulating FSH (60.00 ± 1.04 vs. 21.13 ± 0.52, P < 0.0001), LH (46.38 ± 1.38 vs. 19.00 ± 0.46, P < 0.0001), and testosterone (6.01 ± 0.50 vs. 0.74 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001). Nonetheless, the administration of curcumin in dichlorvos-exposed rats significantly attenuated dichlorvos-induced sexual dysfunction by improving the assessed indices of male sexual act. Also, curcumin significantly increased serum levels of FSH (21.13 ± 0.52 vs. 47.25 ± 0.10, P < 0.0001), LH (19.00 ± 0.46 vs. 43.00 ± 1.49), and testosterone (0.74 ± 0.05 vs. 3.98 ± 0.08, P < 0.0001). This study revealed that curcumin attenuated dichlorvos-induced sexual dysfunction by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and upregulating circulating testosterone.

Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress

Catechins, a class of phytochemicals found in various fruits and tea leaves, have garnered attention for their diverse health-promoting properties, including their potential in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Among these catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key pathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). EGCG has neuroprotective efficacy due to scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and attenuating neuroinflammatory processes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of EGCG's anti-oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation, emphasizing its effects on autoimmune responses, neuroimmune system interactions, and focusing on the related effects on AD and PD. By elucidating EGCG's mechanisms of action and its impact on neurodegenerative processes, this review underscores the potential of EGCG as a therapeutic intervention for AD, PD, and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, EGCG emerges as a promising natural compound for combating chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, offering novel avenues for neuroprotective strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

The regulating effect of curcumin on NF-κB pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: a review of the underlying mechanisms

Neurodegenerative diseases are part of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders that indicate their presence with neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Several pathophysiological factors and biomarkers are involved in this inflammatory process causing these neurological disorders. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is an inflammation element, which induced transcription and appears to be one of the important players in physiological procedures, especially nervous disorders. NF-κB can impact upon series of intracellular actions and induce or inhibit many inflammation-related pathways. Multiple reports have focused on the modification of NF-κB activity, controlling its expression, translocation, and signaling pathway in neurodegenerative disorders and injuries like Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinal cord injuries (SCI), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Curcumin has been noted to be a popular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substance and is the foremost natural compound produced by turmeric. According to various studies, when playing an anti-inflammatory role, it interacts with several modulating proteins of long-standing disease signaling pathways and has an unprovocative consequence on pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review article determined to figure out curcumin's role in limiting the promotion of neurodegenerative disease via influencing the NF-κB signaling route. Preclinical studies were gathered from plenty of scientific platforms including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to evaluate this hypothesis. Extracted findings from the literature review explained the repressing impact of Curcumin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and, occasionally down-regulating the cytokine expression. Yet, there is an essential need for further analysis and specific clinical experiments to fully understand this subject.

Probabilistic Modelling of the Food Matrix Effects on Curcuminoid's In Vitro Oral Bioaccessibility

The bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds plays a major role in the nutritional value of foods, but there is a lack of systematic studies assessing the effect of the food matrix on bioaccessibility. Curcuminoids are phytochemicals extracted from Curcuma longa that have captured public attention due to claimed health benefits. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model to predict curcuminoid's bioaccessibility in biscuits and custard based on different fibre type formulations. Bioaccessibilities for curcumin-enriched custards and biscuits were obtained through in vitro digestion, and physicochemical food properties were characterised. A strong correlation between macronutrient concentration and bioaccessibility was observed (p = 0.89) and chosen as a main explanatory variable in a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model. Additionally, the patterns of food matrix effects on bioaccessibility were not the same in custards as in biscuits; for example, the hemicellulose content had a moderately strong positive correlation to bioaccessibility in biscuits (p = 0.66) which was non-significant in custards (p = 0.12). Using a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model these interactions resulted in an optimisation performance of r2 = 0.97 and a leave-one-out cross-validation score (LOOCV) of r2 = 0.93. This decision-support system could assist the food industry in optimising the formulation of novel food products and enable consumers to make more informed choices.

The Effects of Fisetin and Curcumin on Oxidative Damage Caused by Transition Metals in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases pose a significant health challenge for the elderly. The escalating presence of toxic metals and chemicals in the environment is a potential contributor to central nervous system dysfunction and the onset of neurodegenerative conditions. Transition metals play a crucial role in various pathophysiological mechanisms associated with prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Given the ubiquitous exposure to metals from diverse sources in everyday life, the workplace, and the environment, most of the population faces regular contact with different forms of these metals. Disturbances in the levels and homeostasis of certain transition metals are closely linked to the manifestation of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative damage further exacerbates the progression of neurological consequences. Presently, there exists no curative therapy for individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases, with treatment approaches primarily focusing on alleviating pathological symptoms. Within the realm of biologically active compounds derived from plants, flavonoids and curcuminoids stand out for their extensively documented antioxidant, antiplatelet, and neuroprotective properties. The utilization of these compounds holds the potential to formulate highly effective therapeutic strategies for managing neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of abnormal metal levels, particularly copper, iron, and zinc, on the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it aims to elucidate the potential of fisetin and curcumin to inhibit or decelerate the neurodegenerative process.

New opportunities for antioxidants in amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases

This comprehensive review elucidates the critical role of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress, a common denominator in an array of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress-induced damage has been linked to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article examines a wide range of scientific literature and methodically delineates the several methods by which antioxidants exercise their neuroprotective benefits. It also explores into the complex relationship between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, focusing on how antioxidants can alter signaling pathways and transcription factors to slow neurodegenerative processes. Key antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, glutathione, and polyphenolic compounds, are tested for their ability to combat reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The dual character of antioxidants, which operate as both direct free radical scavengers and regulators of cellular redox homeostasis, is investigated in terms of therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the study focuses on new antioxidant-based therapy techniques and their mechanisms including Nrf-2, PCG1α, Thioredoxin etc., which range from dietary interventions to targeted antioxidant molecules. Insights into ongoing clinical studies evaluating antioxidant therapies in neurodegenerative illnesses offer an insight into the translational potential of antioxidant research. Finally, this review summarizes our present understanding of antioxidant processes in neurodegenerative illnesses, providing important possibilities for future study and treatment development.

Enhancing plant-derived smart nano inhibitor in targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in breast cancer using Curcuma longa-derived compound curcumin

Breast cancer is a diverse female malignancy; its classification is based on clinical evidence and pathological elucidation. Large public drug screening data databases combined with transcriptome measures have helped develop predictive computational models. Breast cancer is frequent among women worldwide. Several genes increase breast cancer risk. The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (popularly known as mTOR) is a risk factor mutated in numerous breast carcinoma types. This has caught the scientific community's focus, which is attempting to generate creative, potent, and bio-available ligands for future anti-cancer treatments to establish a practical therapeutic approach. mTOR is a protein kinase involved in cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and immune response. Activating mTOR promotes cancer growth and spread. To generate a bioavailable and effective mTOR inhibitor, we used computer-aided drug design to study chromones and flavonoids, two naturally occurring chemicals with many biological activities. We used Curcuma longaderived tiny nano-molecules, which can be coated using liposomes to target mTOR to prevent breast cancer growth. The significant interactions of Curcumin were anticipated using molecular docking. It had the highest binding affinity at -12.26 kcal/mol. 100 nanoseconds of molecular dynamic modelling confirmed Curcumin and mTOR receptor interaction. Liposomes are a form of medicine carrier. To improve healthcare, more liposome-like nanostructures are being made. Nanostructures' interactions with living creatures are being studied. Half-life, tissue accumulation, and toxicity have been studied. Future medication distribution may use nanocarriers having a liposome-like form, enabling targeted nano-delivery. Curcumin's interaction with the active site increased the complex's structural stability during its expansion. Our results may help future investigations of Curcumin's efficacy as a possible lead treatment targeting mTOR receptors in breast cancer. Using Curcumin as a potential anti-cancer drug with lipid-coated nano-particles allows for tailored administration.

Phenylboronic acid functionalized dextran loading curcumin as nano-therapeutics for promoting the bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing

Chronic bacterial infections, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress significantly hinder diabetic wound healing by prolonging the inflammatory phase and complicating the healing process. In this study, phenylboronic acid functionalized dextran (PODP) was developed to encapsulate curcumin, referred to as PODP@Cur. Experimental results indicate that PODP significantly improves the water solubility of curcumin and exhibits synergistic biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. PODP@Cur is capable of accelerating drug release under the pathological microenvironment with ROS accumulation. Furthermore, phenylboronic acid (PBA) has demonstrated potential for targeted bacterial drug delivery, enhancing antibacterial efficacy and trapping free LPS/PGN from dead bacteria to reduce undesirable inflammation. In a diabetic mouse model, PODP@Cur exhibits an excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities to ultimately promote the efficient and safe wound healing. Due to the specific interaction between PBA and LPS, PODP@Cur could enhance antibacterial activity against bacteria, reduce toxic side effects on normal cells, and alleviate the LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory pathological microenvironment. Therefore, PODP@Cur is capable of being exploited as an efficient and safe candidate for promoting the bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing.

Role of curcumin on beta-amyloid protein, tau protein, and biochemical and oxidative changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic diseases and is associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) and abnormal tau proteins are effective in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of curcumin on beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau protein expression levels, as well as biochemical and oxidative changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The study comprised five groups, each consisting of eight rats: control, diabetic, curcumin, curcumin during diabetic induction, and curcumin post-diabetic induction. Groups 2 and 4 were administered a single dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin on day 1, while group 5 received it on day 28. Curcumin was orally administered via gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 35 days to the third, fourth, and fifth groups. At the end of the trial (day 35), blood sugar levels and insulin resistance were similar between the control and curcumin-treated groups but significantly higher in the diabetic groups (P < 0.05). The protective effect of curcumin is tested during induction and active diabetes. The results indicated that diabetic rats displayed increased levels of Aβ, tau protein, and total oxidant capacity (TOS) compared to the curcumin-treated groups. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) levels were lower in the diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Aβ protein levels are lower in both the serum and brain of rats with active diabetes and treated with curcumin compared to control rats (P > 0.05). In addition, serum TAS levels were higher in rats treated with curcumin following the induction of diabetes than pre-induction of diabetes (P > 0.05). The TOS levels in the serum were higher in the rats treated with curcumin during active diabetes compared to the rats treated prior to the induction of diabetes (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the brain. The above results show that curcumin has an effect on reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes and increasing antioxidant activity.

The Role of Oral Supplementation for the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review

The majority of neurodegenerative eye disorders occur with aging and significantly impair quality of life. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third most common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. One of the most important elements in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative eye disease is certainly oxidative stress, with neuroinflammation and ocular ischemia which may also be significant factors. Antioxidants, either by food or oral supplementation, may be able to mitigate the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species that build as a result of oxidative stress, ischemia, and inflammation. Over the past few decades, a number of research works examining the potential adjuvant impact of antioxidants in AMD have been published. In fact, there is not only more and more interest in already known molecules but also in new molecules that can help clinicians in the management of this complex multifactorial disease, such as astaxanthin and melatonin. However, while some studies showed encouraging outcomes, others were conflicting. In addition, more and more attention is also being paid to nutrition, considered a pivotal key point, especially to prevent AMD. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to analyze the main antioxidant molecules currently used as oral supplements for AMD treatment, as well as the role of diet and food intake in this ocular disease, to better understand how all these factors can improve the clinical management of AMD patients.

Blending Towards Healthier Lifestyles: The Impact of Regular Fruit and Vegetable Smoothie Consumption on Dietary Patterns and Sustainable Health Behaviors

PURPOSE

This research aimed to characterize the nutritional, health and basic sustainability practices among regular smoothies' consumers (RSC; ≥ 1-2 servings/week for ≥ 2 months).

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING

Self-report online multiple-choice questionnaire survey of random sample of adults from online retailer database and community.

SAMPLE

193 healthy Israeli adults (75.6% females, mean age 40.65 ± 14.36) completed an online multiple-choice validated survey from May 2022 to August 2023.

MEASURES

Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habits, including physical activity, FV consumption, and sustainability practices.

ANALYSIS

Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at .05.

RESULTS

RSC were significantly older (P < .001) and more physically active (P = .025) than occasional smoothie consumers (OSC). They consumed more FV, reaching nutritional recommendations, and exhibited significant lifestyle changes, including reduced meat (P = .013) and processed food consumption (P = .013), and regular meal consumption (P = .045). RSC used fewer disposables (P = .002) compared to OSC and non-smoothie consumers (P = .001). RSC demonstrated a higher incidence of weight reduction compared to weight gain.

CONCLUSION

RSC is significantly associated with health and nutritional sustainability.

Resorption Potential of Endoflas Powder With Curcumin Gel Against Endoflas for Pulpectomy in Primary Mandibular Molars: A One-Year Follow-Up Evidence-Based Case Reports

Pediatric endodontics in the primary teeth is chemomechanical due to the difficulties encountered in cleaning and shaping the root canals having complex anatomical configurations. Not only are obturating materials having ideal properties to be used in the primary teeth, but also imparting an impervious hermetic seal to prevent the nidus of reinfection is highly pivotal for the success of pulpectomy. However, certain obturating materials contain one or the other components that are irritant to the periapical region and aggravates the inflammatory process. Hence, a paradigm shift has been witnessed with the evolution of herbal medicines having innumerable beneficial properties with a broad-spectrum action to replace those components causing irritation and inflammatory reactions in conventional obturating materials. One such herbal medicament is "curcumin" popularly known as the "golden herb," which has a wide repertoire of medicinal properties due to its bioactive component and volatile oil "turmerone." Endoflas is one of the suitable obturating agents used in the primary teeth for its high success rate, but the use of eugenol in it is associated with irritation of the periapical region and causes necrosis of bone and cementum. Hence, the present case report aims to assess the rate of resorption, resorption potential, and the periapical healing of a novel obturating material Endoflas powder with curcumin gel (EPCG) replacing the liquid eugenol against conventional Endoflas material for pulpectomy in primary mandibular molars.

Curcumin as a natural potential drug candidate against important zoonotic viruses and prions: A narrative review

Zoonotic diseases are major public health concerns and undeniable threats to human health. Among Zoonotic diseases, zoonotic viruses and prions are much more difficult to eradicate, as they result in higher infections and mortality rates. Several investigations have shown curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, to have wide spectrum properties such as anti-microbial, anti-vascular, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-neoplastic, anti-oxidant, and immune system modulator properties. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive review of existing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence on the antiviral (54 important zoonotic viruses) and anti-prion properties of curcumin and curcuminoids in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Database searches yielded 13,380 results, out of which 216 studies were eligible according to inclusion criteria. Of 216 studies, 135 (62.5%), 24 (11.1%), and 19 (8.8%) were conducted on the effect of curcumin and curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A virus, and dengue virus, respectively. This review suggests curcumin and curcuminoids as promising therapeutic agents against a wide range of viral zoonoses by targeting different proteins and signaling pathways.

NF-κB pathway as a molecular target for curcumin in diabetes mellitus treatment: Focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a collection of metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reactions in the development of DM. Curcumin (CUR), a natural compound derived from turmeric, exerts beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus through its interaction with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Research indicates that CUR targets inflammatory mediators in diabetes, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. By reducing the expression of these inflammatory factors, CUR demonstrates protective effects in DM by improving pancreatic β-cells function, normalizing inflammatory cytokines, reducing OS and enhancing insulin sensitivity. The findings reveal that CUR administration effectively lowered blood glucose elevation, reinstated diminished serum insulin levels, and enhanced body weight in Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. CUR exerts its beneficial effects in management of diabetic complications through regulation of signaling pathways, such as calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), NF-κB, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1). Moreover, CUR reversed the heightened expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6) and chemokines like MCP-1 in diabetic specimens, vindicating its anti-inflammatory potency in counteracting hyperglycemia-induced alterations. CUR diminishes OS, avert structural kidney damage linked to diabetic nephropathy, and suppress NF-κB activity. Furthermore, CUR exhibited a protective effect against diabetic cardiomyopathy, lung injury, and diabetic gastroparesis. Conclusively, the study posits that CUR could potentially offer therapeutic benefits in relieving diabetic complications through its influence on the NF-κB pathway.

Throat spray formulated with virucidal pharmaceutical excipients as an effective early prophylactic or treatment strategy against pharyngitis post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2

Our study aimed to develop a virucidal throat spray using bioactive compounds and excipients, focusing on the preparation of Curcumin (CUR) in a self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Two molecular docking studies against SARS-CoV-2 targets guided the selection of proper oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and natural bioactive that would maximize the antiviral activity of the throat spray. Two self-nanoemulsifying formulas that were diluted with different vehicles to prepare eight CUR-loaded SNESNS (self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension) formulas. In vitro characterization studies and in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect revealed that the optimal formula, consisted of 20 % Anise oil, 70 % Tween 80, 10 % PEG 400, and 0.1 %w/w CUR, diluted with DEAE-Dx. Preclinical toxicity tests on male rats confirmed the safety of a mild throat spray dose (5 µg/mL CUR). In a rat model of acute pharyngitis induced by ammonia, post-treatment with the optimal formula of CUR loaded SNESNS for one week significantly reduced elevated proinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL6, MCP1, and IL8). In conclusion, our CUR-loaded SNESNS formula, at 5 µg/mL concentration, shows promising effect as a prophylactic throat spray against SARS-CoV-2 and as a treatment for pharyngitis.

Is Curcumin Intake Really Effective for Chronic Inflammatory Metabolic Disease? A Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

This review aimed to examine the effects of curcumin on chronic inflammatory metabolic disease by extensively evaluating meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a literature search of meta-analyses of RCTs published in English in PubMed®/MEDLINE up to 31 July 2023. We identified 54 meta-analyses of curcumin RCTs for inflammation, antioxidant, glucose control, lipids, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, endothelial function, depression, and cognitive function. A reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was observed in seven of ten meta-analyses of RCTs. In five of eight meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. In six of nine meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. In five of six meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In 14 of 15 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. In 12 of 12 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In seven of eight meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In eight of ten meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced insulin levels. In 14 of 19 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) levels. Curcumin intake plays a protective effect on chronic inflammatory metabolic disease, possibly via improved levels of glucose homeostasis, MDA, TC, and inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and adiponectin). The safety and efficacy of curcumin as a natural product support the potential for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory metabolic diseases.

Time-resolved keto-enol tautomerization of the medicinal pigment curcumin

Curcumin is a medicinal agent that exhibits anti-cancer and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties. It has a keto-enol moiety that gives rise to many of its chemical properties including metal complexation and acid-base equilibria. A previous study has shown that keto-enol tautomerization at this moiety is implicated in the anti-Alzheimer's disease effect of curcumin, highlighting the importance of this process. In this study, tautomerization of curcumin in methanol, acetone and acetonitrile was investigated using time-resolved 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Curcumin undergoes hydrogen-deuterium exchange with the solvents and the proton resonance peak corresponding to the hydrogen at the α-carbon position (Cα) decays as a function of time, signifying deuteration at this position. Because tautomerization is the rate limiting step in the deuteration of curcumin at the Cα position, the rate of tautomerization is inferred from the rate of deuteration. The rate constant of tautomerization of curcumin shows a temperature dependence and analysis using the Arrhenius equation revealed activation energies (Ea) of tautomerization of (80.1 ± 5.9), (64.1 ± 1.0) and (68.3 ± 5.5) kJ mol-1 in methanol, D2O/acetone and D2O/acetonitrile, respectively. Insight into the role of water in tautomerization of curcumin was further offered by density functional theory studies. The transition state of tautomerization was optimized in the presence of water molecules. The results show a hydrogen-bonded solvent bridge between the diketo moiety and Cα of curcumin. The Ea of tautomerization of curcumin shows a strong dependence on the number of water molecules in the solvent bridge, indicating the critical role played by the solvent bridge in catalyzing tautomerization of curcumin.

Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Prevention of Chemoradiation-Induced Mucositis: A Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

Mucositis is a pathological condition characterised by inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the alimentary canal, particularly in the mouth (oral mucositis) and the gastrointestinal tract. It is a common side effect of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and it is sometimes responsible for treatment interruptions. Preventing mucositis throughout the alimentary tract is therefore crucial. However, current interventions mainly target either oral or gastrointestinal side effects. This review aimed to investigate the use of systemically administered anti-inflammatory agents to prevent mucositis in cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov were screened to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The published literature on anti-inflammatory agents provides mixed evidence regarding the degree of efficacy in preventing/reducing the severity of mucositis in most anticancer treatments; however, sample size continued to be a significant limitation, alongside others discussed. Our review yielded a list of several anti-inflammatory agents that exhibit potential mucositis-preventive effects in cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment, which can be used to inform clinical practice.

Piperine, quercetin, and curcumin identified as promising natural products for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the New World. The costs and the side effects of current treatments render imperative the development of new therapies that are affordable and easy to administer. Topical treatment would be the ideal option for the treatment of CL. This underscores the urgent need for affordable and effective treatments, with natural compounds being explored as potential solutions. The alkaloid piperine (PIP), the polyphenol curcumin (CUR), and the flavonoid quercetin (QUE), known for their diverse biological properties, are promising candidates to address these parasitic diseases. Initially, the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of the compounds was evaluated using U-937 cells, followed by the assessment of the leishmanicidal activity of these compounds against amastigotes of L. braziliensis. Subsequently, a golden hamster model with stationary-phase L. braziliensis promastigote infections was employed. Once the ulcer appeared, hamsters were treated with QUE, PIP, or CUR formulations and compared to the control group treated with meglumine antimoniate administered intralesionally. We observed that the three organic compounds showed high in vitro leishmanicidal activity with effective concentrations of less than 50 mM, with PIP having the highest activity at a concentration of 8 mM. None of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity for U937 macrophages with values between 500 and 700 mM. In vivo, topical treatment with QUE daily for 15 days produced cured in 100% of hamsters while the effectiveness of CUR and PIP was 83% and 67%, respectively. No failures were observed with QUE. Collectively, our data suggest that topical formulations mainly for QUE but also for CUR and PIP could be a promising topical treatment for CL. Not only the ease of obtaining or synthesizing the organic compounds evaluated in this work but also their commercial availability eliminates one of the most important barriers or bottlenecks in drug development, thus facilitating the roadmap for the development of a topical drug for the management of CL caused by L. braziliensis.

The Possible Synergistic Pharmacological Effect of an Oral Berberine (BBR) and Curcumin (CUR) Complementary Therapy Alleviates Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Results from a Real-Life, Routine Clinical Practice Settings-Based Study

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal discomfort and altered bowel movements. IBS cause a significantly negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Growing pharmacological evidence suggests that berberine (BBR) and curcumin (CUR) may mitigate IBS symptoms through multiple complementary synergistic mechanisms, resulting in the attenuation of intestinal inflammation and regulation of bowel motility and gut functions. In the present observational study conducted under real-life routine clinical practice settings, 146 patients diagnosed with IBS were enrolled by general practitioner clinics and pharmacies in Belgium. For the first time, this study assessed the potential synergistic pharmacological effect of a combined oral BBR/CUR supplement (Enterofytol® PLUS, containing 200 mg BBR and 49 mg CUR) (two tablets daily for 2 months), serving as complementary therapy in the management of IBS. Following the 2-month supplementation, significant improvements were observed in the patients' IBS severity index (IBSSI) (47.5%) and all the primary IBS symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort (47.2%), distension (48.0%), intestinal transit (46.8%), and QoL (48.1%) (all p < 0.0001). The improvement in the patients' IBSSI was independent of age, sex, and IBS sub-types. The patients' weekly maximum stool passage frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.0001), and the stool status normalized (p < 0.0001). The patients' need for concomitant conventional IBS treatment decreased notably: antispasmodics by 64.0% and antidiarrhoeals by 64.6%. Minor adverse effects were reported by a small proportion (7.1%) of patients, mostly gastrointestinal. The majority (93.1%) experienced symptom improvement or resolution, with a high satisfaction rate (82.6%) and willingness to continue the supplementation (79.0%). These findings support the potential synergistic pharmacological role of BBR and CUR in IBS, and their co-supplementation may alleviate IBS symptoms and improve QoL.

Therapeutic effect of curcumin nanoemulsion on cystic echinococcosis in BALB/c mice: a computerized tomography (CT) scan and histopathologic study evaluation

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE) in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces.

METHODS

Forty-two inbred BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups of six animals each. Six groups were inoculated intra-peritoneally with 1500 viable E. granulosus protoscoleces, followed for six months and used as infected groups. The infected groups were named as: CEI1 to CEI6 accordingly. The 7th group was not inoculated and was named cystic echinococcosis noninfected group (CENI7). CEI1 and CEI2 groups received 40 mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE), respectively. CEI3 received nanoemulsion without curcumin (NE-no CUR), CEI4 received curcumin suspension (CUR-S) 40 mg/kg/day, CEI5 received albendazole 150 mg/kg/day and CEI6 received sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). CENI7 group received CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day. Drugs administration was started after six months post-inoculations of protoscoleces and continued for 60 days in all groups. The secondary CE cyst area was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan for each mouse before treatment and on the days 30 and 60 post-treatment. The CT scan measurement results were compared before and after treatment. After the euthanasia of the mice on the 60th day, the cyst area was also measured after autopsy and, the histopathological changes of the secondary cysts for each group were observed. The therapeutic efficacy of CUR-NE in infected groups was evaluated by two methods: CT scan and autopsied cyst measurements.

RESULTS

Septal calcification in three groups of infected mice (CEI1, CEI2, and CEI4) was revealed by CT scan. The therapeutic efficacy of CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day (CEI1 group) was 24.6 ± 26.89% by CT scan measurement and 55.16 ± 32.37% by autopsied cysts measurements. The extensive destructive effects of CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day (CEI1 group) on the wall layers of secondary CE cysts were confirmed by histopathology.

CONCLUSION

The current study demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect of CUR-NE (40 mg/kg/day) on secondary CE cysts in BALB/c mice. An apparent septal calcification of several cysts revealed by CT scan and the destructive effect on CE cysts observed in histopathology are two critical key factors that suggest curcumin nanoemulsion could be a potential treatment for cystic echinococcosis.

Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of curcumin-coated gutta-percha versus nanocurcumin-coated gutta-percha against Escherichia coli: An in vitro study

Introduction

Due to its biological and antibacterial qualities, many plants, including curcumin, are used as phytomedicines in dentistry. They are primarily used as intracanal medication in endodontics to prevent probable chemical side effects and also to address antimicrobial resistance. Curcumin nanoformulations have improved antibacterial activity and improved dispersion, making them the superior form of curcumin. The purpose of this study was to assess curcumin and nanocurcumin's antibacterial properties. As a gutta-percha coating, they are to be tested against Escherichia coli.

Materials and Methods

The study employs the standard strain of E. coli, ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity of gutta-percha cones against E. coli is assessed after coating them with suspensions of curcumin and nanocurcumin. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized to evaluate the coatings' continuity.

Results

The gutta-percha cones that are untreated, coated with curcumin, and coated with nanocurcumin exhibit significantly different levels of antibacterial activity. There is statistically significant variation in their antibacterial activity.

Conclusion

(1) Compared to curcumin-coated and untreated gutta-percha cones, those coated with nanocurcumin exhibit a stronger antibacterial activity. (2) Compared to uncoated gutta-percha cones, gutta-percha cones coated with curcumin exhibit more antibacterial action.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of indomethacin-induced genotoxicity: protection by curcumin

Background and purpose

Indomethacin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin against indomethacin-induced genotoxicity.

Experimental approach

For in vitro studies, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from a healthy volunteer and treated for 24 h as follows: vehicle control, indomethacin at 100 and 200 μΜ, indomethacin (100 μM and 200 μM) plus curcumin (27 μM). For in vivo experiments, mice received a single i.p dose of curcumin (100 mg/kg) and after 30 min genotoxicity induction was carried out by a single i.p injection of indomethacin at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. After 24 h, bone marrow cells were obtained from mice femurs. Genotoxicity was evaluated using a micronucleus assay. Oxidative damage was also inspected both in vitro and in vivo.

Findings/Results

In-vitro studies indicated that co-treatment with curcumin caused a significant decrease in the average micronuclei percentage and MDA level, and a significant increase in GSH concentration compared to the groups treated only with indomethacin. In-vivo findings revealed that pretreatment with curcumin induced a significant increase in the average ratio of polychromatic erythrocyte/normochromic erythrocyte, GSH concentration and caused a significant decrease in the average percentage of micronuclei and MDA level, in comparison with the group treated only with indomethacin.

Conclusion and implications

Curcumin attenuated indomethacin-induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. These effects might be partially exerted by decreasing oxidative stress. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact genoprotective mechanism of curcumin against indomethacin.

Curcumin abrogates cobalt-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines release, inhibiting microgliosis and modulation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway

Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol derived from turmeric, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. The current study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in the hippocampal subfields (CA1 and CA3) after exposure to cobalt (Co) and the impact of ERK protein. Twenty-eight albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each with seven randomly selected rats as follows: Control (distilled water), Cobalt (Co) only (40 mg/kg), 120 mg/kg or 240 mg/kg curcumin + Co (40 mg/kg). Treatment was via oral gavage for 28 days. We performed a biochemical investigation to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β). Furthermore, we conducted an immunohistochemical evaluation to assess the expression of IBA1 by microglial cells and the immunoexpression of ERK protein in the hippocampus. Results revealed a significant (p<0.05) elevation in the tissue level of TNFα and IL-1β, an increase in the number of IBA1-positive microglia, and upregulation of ERK protein in the hippocampal subfields of the rats after exposure to cobalt-only. Nevertheless, pretreatment with curcumin restored these parameters to levels comparable to control. In conclusion, our results showed that curcumin abrogated the Co-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing the release of proinflammatory biomarkers, reducing microgliosis, and modulating the ERK/MAPK pathway.

Pharmacological potential of micheliolide: A focus on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities

Micheliolide (MCL) is a chief constituent of plants such as Magnolia grandiflora L., Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. and Michelia champaca L. It is known to exhibit significant anticancer activity by various scientific investigations. This review aims to emphasize the anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of MCL. In this review, we summarized the published data in peer-reviewed manuscripts published in English. Our search was based on the following scientific search engines and databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, and SciFinder, MCL possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties like other sesquiterpene lactones. The anticancer activity of this compound may be attributed to the modulation of several signaling cascades (PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways). It also induces apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/G0 phase, S phase, and G2/M phase in many cancer cell lines. Very little data is available on its modulatory action on other signaling cascades like MAPK, STAT3, Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, EGFR, etc. This compound can be potentiated as a novel anticancer drug after thorough investigations in vitro, in vivo, and in silico-based studies.

Hypericin emulsomes combined with hollow microneedles as a non-invasive photodynamic platform for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint-destructive autoimmune disease that severely affects joint function. Despite the variability of treatment protocols, all of them are associated with severe side effects that compromise patient compliance. The main aim of the current study is to prepare localized effective RA treatment with reduced side effects by combining nanoencapsulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hollow microneedles (Ho-MNs) to maximize the pharmacological effects of hypericin (HYP). To attain this, HYP-loaded emulsomes (EMLs) were prepared, characterized and administered through intradermal injection using AdminPen™ Ho-MNs combined with PDT in rats with an adjuvant-induced RA model. The prepared EMLs had a spherical shape and particle size was about 93.46 nm with an absolute entrapment efficiency. Moreover, confocal imaging indicated the interesting capability of Ho-MNs to deposit the HYP EMLs to a depth reaching 1560 µm into the subcutaneous tissue. In vivo, study results demonstrated that the group treated with HYP EMLs through Ho-MNs combined with PDT had no significant differences in joint diameter, TNF-α, IL1, HO-1, NRF2 and SD levels compared with the negative control group. Similarly, rats treated with the combination of HYP EMLs, Ho-MNs and PDT showed superior joint healing efficacy compared with the groups treated with HYP EMLs in dark, HYP ointment or HYP in microneedles in histopathological examination. These findings highlight the promising potential of photoactivated HYP EMLs when combined with Ho-MNs technology for RA management. The presented therapeutic EMLs-MNs platform could serve as a powerful game-changer in the development of future localized RA treatments.

Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Skin Diseases

Curcumin is a polyphenolic molecule derived from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa L. This compound has been used for centuries due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. These make it ideal for preventing and treating skin inflammation, premature skin ageing, psoriasis, and acne. Additionally, it exhibits antiviral, antimutagenic, and antifungal effects. Curcumin provides protection against skin damage caused by prolonged exposure to UVB radiation. It reduces wound healing times and improves collagen deposition. Moreover, it increases fibroblast and vascular density in wounds. This review summarizes the available information on the therapeutic effect of curcumin in treating skin diseases. The results suggest that curcumin may be an inexpensive, well-tolerated, and effective agent for treating skin diseases. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these observations due to limitations in its in vivo use, such as low bioavailability after oral administration and metabolism.

Identification of β-cycloidal-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs as potential interleukin-6 inhibitor to treat wound healing through QSAR, molecular docking, MD simulation, MM-GBSA calculation

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that involved in the different phases of wound healing. It is responsible for promoting inflammation, regulating tissue repair scar formation, stimulating the production of extracellular matrix components and recruiting immune cells to the wound site. Therefore, suppressing IL-6 is beneficial for wound healing. However, no small molecules are currently available in the market against the IL-6. As a result, this research gap motivates us to find a potential inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of novel β-cycloidal-derived mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs reported in the literature through screening a series of computational studies. The calculated pIC50 value of 18 compounds (below 10) showed that all compounds may have potential therapeutic efficacy. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound C12 (-45.6044 kcal/mol) bound most strongly in the active site of IL-6 compared to the FDA-approved drug clindamycin (-42.3223). The Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation displayed that lead compound C12 had the highest stability in the active site of IL-6 compared to the reference drug clindamycin. Furthermore, MMGBSA results indicated that C12 (-20.28 kcal/mol) had the highest binding energy compared to clindamycin (-8.36 kcal/mol). The ADMET analysis predicted that C12 are favourable for drug candidates. This study recommended compound C12 as a lead IL-6 inhibitor for future testing and development as therapeutics for wound healing.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Nanocurcumin supplementation improves pulmonary function in severe COPD patients: A randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of nano-curcumin on respiratory indices and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as a common pulmonary disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. In the current double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with stages 3 and 4 COPD were randomly assigned into 80 mg nano-curcumin (n = 30) and placebo groups (n = 30) for 3 months. The effect of nano-curcumin on pulmonary function was evaluated by the first second of forced expiration (FEV1) to the full, forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. IL-6 serum level, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were also measured. Nano-curcumin supplementation led to a significant decrease in IL-6 level (p < 0.001) and an increase in FEV1 (p < 0.001), FVC (p = 0.003), and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001) compared to placebo at the endpoint. Nano-curcumin had a significantly increasing effect on weight and body mass index compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values  = 0.042). There was a meaningful improvement in systolic blood pressure in the nano-curcumin group compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values  = 0.026). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values >0.05). Nano-curcumin supplement seems to have favorable effects on inflammation status and respiratory indices of patients with severe COPD.

Exploration of exogenous chlorogenic acid as a potential plant stimulant: enhancing physiochemical properties in Lonicera japonica

In this study, we applied exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) to Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) leaves via foliar sprays every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for a period of 12 months. Our continuous monitoring over this period revealed a consistent increase in flavonoid levels from the second to the tenth month following the commencement of CGA treatment. This was accompanied by a notable upregulation in the expression of four secondary metabolite-related enzyme genes: LjPAL1, LjPAL2, LjPAL3, and LjISY1. Concurrently, there was a significant enhancement in the total activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The total antioxidant capacity of the plants also showed a marked increase from the third to the seventh month post-treatment initiation, subsequently stabilizing. This increase was also reflected in the elevated activities of key antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the treatment notably enhanced various indicators of nutrient growth, such as total protein content, total sugar content, and leaf area. Notably, the relative expression of LjTF1, a kind of BZIP transcription factor gene known for its extensive regulatory effects, showed a significant and sustained increase after the start of exogenous CGA treatment. Subsequent metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in L. japonica metabolites. Specifically, 172 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) showed a notable increase (Fold > 1), predominantly in pathways related to nutrient metabolism such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Notably, some of the highly expressed DEMs (Fold > 4) are key antioxidants and medicinal components in L. japonica. The experimental findings were in alignment with the metabolomics analysis, indicating that exogenous CGA can act as a stimulant for L. japonica. It promotes the significant accumulation of certain secondary metabolites, enhances nutritive growth, and boosts the plant's total antioxidant capacity.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01435-8.

Molecular Dynamics and In Vitro Studies Elucidating the Tunable Features of Reconfigurable Nanodiscs for Guiding the Optimal Design of Curcumin Formulation

In this study, we advance our exploration of Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) peptide analogs (APAs) for their application in nanodisc (ND) assembly, focusing on the dynamic conformational characteristics and the potential for drug delivery. We explore APA-ND interactions with an emphasis on curcumin encapsulation, utilizing molecular dynamic simulations and in vitro assessments to evaluate the efficacy of various APA-ND formulations as drug carriers. The methodological approach involved the generation of three unique apoA-I α-11/3 helical mimics, resulting in fifteen distinct APAs. Their structural integrity was rigorously assessed using ColabFold-AF2, with particular attention to pLDDT and pTM scores. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations, covering 1.7 μs across 17 ND systems, were conducted to investigate the influence of APA sequence variations on ND stability and interactions. This study reveals that the composition of APAs, notably the presence of Proline, Serine, and Tryptophan, significantly impacts ND stability and morphology. Oligomeric APAs, in particular, demonstrated superior stability and distinct interaction patterns compared to their monomeric counterparts. Additionally, hydrodynamic diameter measurements over eight weeks indicated sequence-dependent stability, highlighting the potential of specific APA configurations for sustained colloidal stability. In vitro study successfully encapsulated curcumin in [AA]3/DMPC ND formulations, revealing concentration-dependent stability and interaction dynamics. The findings underscore the remarkable capability of APA-NDs to maintain structural integrity and efficient drug encapsulation, positioning them as a promising platform for drug delivery. The study concludes by emphasizing the tunability and versatility of APA-NDs in drug formulation, potentially revolutionizing nanomedicine by enabling customized APA sequences and ND properties for targeted drug delivery.

The role of curcumin during pregnancy on the exposed fetuses' tissues of Wistar rats to electromagnetic field

To investigate curcumin (CUR) as the protector against the harmful effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field(LF- EMF, 50 Hz) during pregnancy period, 5 males and 15 females of Wistar rat mated and vaginal plaques were observed. Then, the pregnant rats were divided into six groups. During pregnancy(21 days), the EMF group was exposed to EMF for 30 min/day, the CUR group received a single dose of 50 mg/kg/daily CUR intraperitoneal, the EMF+CUR group was injected CUR and exposed to EMF daily. The DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide) group was injected solvent of CUR (DMSO) intraperitoneal with the same volume of CUR solvent, the sham group was placed through the solenoid in the same conditions as the first group without exposure and the control group was kept in their cage in normal condition. After four weeks, babies born were divided according to the mother groups and sacrificed. Then, the three tissues injuries were investigated. EMF exposure led to an increase in outstanding necrotic areas in hippocampal tissue, an increase in the amount of hyperemia(p = 0.017) and necrotic(p = 0.005) in kidneys, and degeneration in liver tissue(p = 0.007) in the EMF group compared with EMF+CUR groups. A single dose of CUR daily during pregnancy can protect these tissues from injuries caused by LF-EMF exposure in rat fetuses.

Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on the liver enzymes, lipid profiles, glycemic index, and anthropometric indices in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients: An umbrella meta-analysis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The evidence for curcumin's effects on patients with NAFLD is accumulating; however, meta-analyses have reported mixed results. The current umbrella meta-analysis aimed to assess the present evidence and provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of curcumin/turmeric on NAFLD patients. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched till March 2023 using MeSH terms and related keywords based on the PICO criteria. Meta-analysis studies evaluating the effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on NAFLD patients that reported the effect sizes (ES) and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were eligible for inclusion in this study. All articles were screened by considering the eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers and required data were extracted from the included meta-analyses. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing a random-effects model by STATA software. Findings of 11 meta-analyses of 99 randomized controlled trials comprising 5546 participants revealed that curcumin/turmeric supplementation reduced AST (ES = -1.072, 95% CI (-1.656, -0.488), p = 0.000), ALT (ES = -0.625, 95% CI (-1.170, -0.134), p = 0.014), and TG (ES = -0.469, 95% CI (-1.057, 0.119), p = 0.128) levels, and HOMA-IR (ES = -0.291, 95% CI (-0.368, -0.214), p = 0.000), BMI (ES = -0.205, 95% CI (-0.304, -0.107), p = 0.000), and WC (ES = -1.290, 95% CI (-2.038, -0.541), p = 0.001) in comparison to the control group. However, the effects of curcumin on GGT, ALP, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS, and HbA1C levels and body weight were not significant. The findings suggest the beneficial effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in patients with NAFLD, such as improving liver function, decreasing serum TG levels, ameliorating insulin resistance, and reducing general and central obesity. Nevertheless, high-quality research is further required to prove these achievements.

Near infra-red absorbing Quinolizidine fused curcuminoid-BF2 chelate and its applications in photodynamic therapy using MCF-7 and A549 cells

Metal-free near-infrared absorbing photosensitizers (PS) have been considered promising candidates for photodynamic therapy. Curcumin, curcuminoid, and its derivatives have therapeutic values due to their anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiproliferative properties. Curcuminoid-BF2 chelates have also been studied as cell imaging probes, however, their applications in photodynamic therapy are rare. In this article, we describe the synthesis and therapeutic evaluation of quinolizidine fused curcuminoid-BF2 chelate (Quinolizidine CUR-BF2) containing an acid-sensitive group. This donor-acceptor-donor curcuminoid-BF2 derivative exhibits absorption and emission in the deep red region with an absorption band maximum of ∼647 nm and a weak emission band at approximately 713 nm. It is interesting to note that this derivative has a high molar extinction coefficient (164,655 M-1cm-1). Quinolizidine CUR-BF2 possesses intramolecular charge transfer properties, facilitating the production of singlet oxygen (1O2), which plays a crucial role in cell death. Additionally, Quinolizidine CUR-BF2 can enable the selective release of active ingredients in an acidic medium (pH 5). Furthermore, the nanoaggregates of PS were prepared by encapsulating Quinolizidine CUR-BF2 within Pluronic F127 block co-polymer for better water-dispersibility and enhanced cellular uptake. Dark cytotoxicity of nanoaggregates was found to be negligible, whereas they exhibited significant photoinduced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells (MCF-7 and A549) under irradiation of 635 nm light. Further, the cell death pathway using Quinolizidine CUR-BF2 nanoaggregates as PS is found to occur through apoptosis. Specifically, the present study deals with the successful preparation of Quinolizidine CUR-BF2 nanoaggregates for enhanced water-dispersibility and cellular uptake as well as the efficacy evaluation of developed nanoaggregates for photodynamic therapy.

The effects of powdered drinks enriched with curcumin and probiotics on lipid profile and atherogenic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Cardiovascular disease is prevalent globally and is the most common complication of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previous studies have suggested that curcumin and probiotics may improve the lipid profile, so we aimed to investigate the effects of the edible powder enriched with these substances on lipid profile level and atherogenic indices such as Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli Risk Index-I (CRI-I), Castelli Risk Index-II (CRI-II), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). In the present parallel randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, 124 people with MetS with overweight or obesity were randomly allocated to 4 groups and were followed up for 8 weeks. The participants received a low-calorie diet and a daily sachet of enriched powder drink. The sachets contained either 109 CFU of probiotics or 1 g of curcumin, or probiotic + curcumin (pro + cur), or placebo, respectively. The fasting lipid profile and atherogenic indices were measured at the beginning and end of the study. One hundred and fourteen participants completed the study. At the end of the study, the within- and between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in lipid profile and atherogenic indices (p > .05). Based on the results of the current study, taking an oral powder containing 1 g curcumin and 109 CFU probiotics for 8 weeks had no effect on the lipid profile level and atherogenic indices; however, more studies are recommended.

Exploring the potential of pH-sensitive polymers in targeted drug delivery

The pH-sensitive polymers have attained significant attention in the arena of targeted drug delivery (TDD) because of their exceptional capability to respond to alteration in pH in various physiological environments. This attribute aids pH-sensitive polymers to act as smart carriers for therapeutic agents, transporting them precisely to target locations while curtailing the release of drugs in off-targeted sites, thereby diminishing side effects. Many pH-responsive polymers in TDD have revealed promising results, with increased therapeutic efficacy and decreased toxic effects. Several pH-sensitive polymers, including, hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose, poly (methacrylic acid) (Eudragit series), poly (acrylic acid), and chitosan, have been broadly studied for their myriad applications in the management of various types of diseases. Additionally, the amalgamation of pH-sensitive polymers with, additive manufacturing techniques like 3D printing, has resulted in the progression of novel drug delivery systems that regulate drug release in a controlled manner. Herein, types of pH-sensitive polymers in TDD are systemically reviewed. We have briefly discussed the nanocarriers employed for the delivery of various pH-sensitive polymers in TDD. Finally, miscellaneous applications of pH-sensitive polymers are discussed thoroughly with special attention to the implication of 3D printing in pH-sensitive polymers.

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has affected more than 350 million people worldwide and can manifest itself in three different forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. Furthermore, the current treatment options have drawbacks which compromise efficacy and patient compliance. To face this global health concern, new alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis have been explored. Curcumin, a polyphenol obtained from the rhizome of turmeric, exhibits leishmanicidal activity against different species of Leishmania spp. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated, its leishmanicidal potential may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has limitations that compromise its clinical use. Conversely, nanotechnology has been used as a tool for solving biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs, such as curcumin. From a drug delivery standpoint, nanocarriers (1-1000 nm) can improve stability, increase solubility, promote intracellular delivery, and increase biological activity. Thus, this review offers a deep look into curcumin-loaded nanocarriers intended for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Optical Chemosensors Synthesis and Appplication for Trace Level Metal Ions Detection in Aqueous Media: A Review

In recent years, the development of optical chemosensors for the sensitive and selective detection of trace level metal ions in aqueous media has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies and applications of optical chemosensors dedicated to the detection of metal ions at low concentrations in water-based environments. The discussion encompasses a wide range of metal ions, including but not limited to heavy metals, transition metals, and rare earth elements, emphasizing their significance in environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and biological systems. The review explores into the synthesis methodologies employed for designing optical chemosensors, discovering diverse materials like organic dyes, nanoparticles, polymers, and hybrid materials. Special attention is given to the design principles that enable the selective recognition of specific metal ions, highlighting the role of ligand chemistry, coordination interactions, and structural modifications. Furthermore, the article thoroughly surveys the analytical performance of optical chemosensors in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and detection limits. Real-world applications, including water quality assessment, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics, are extensively covered to underscore the practical relevance of these sensing platforms. Additionally, the review sheds light on emerging trends, challenges, and future prospects in the field, providing insights into potential advancements and innovations. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on optical chemosensors for trace level metal ions detection. The collective information presented herein not only offers a comprehensive understanding of the existing technologies but also inspires future research endeavors to address the evolving demands in the realm of trace metal ion detection.

The protective effects of curcumin against cigarette smoke-induced toxicity: A comprehensive review

Cigarette smoking (CS) is a crucial modifiable risk of developing several human diseases and cancers. It causes lung, bladder, breast, and esophageal cancers, respiratory disorders, as well as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Because of these adverse health effects, continual efforts to decrease the prevalence and toxicity of CS are imperative. Until the past decades, the impacts of natural compounds have been under investigation on the harmful effects of CS. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, is the main source of curcumin. This review is an attempt to find out the current knowledge on CS's harmful effects and protective potential of curcumin in the pulmonary, liver, brain, gastrointestinal, and testis organs. According to the present review, simultaneous consumption of curcumin and CS can attenuate CS toxicities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal toxicity, metabolic diseases, testis injury, and neurotoxicity. Moreover, curcumin suppresses carcinogenesis in the skin, liver, lungs, breast, colon, and stomach. Curcumin mediates these protective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-carcinogenicity properties.

Promising Potential of Curcumin and Related Compounds for Antiviral Drug Discovery

Viruses are acellular, microscopic, and mobile particles containing genetic particles, either DNA/RNA strands as nucleoproteins, responsible for 69,53,743 deaths till the year 2023. Curcumin and related compounds are among the areas of pivotal interest for researchers because of their versatile pharmacological profile. Chemically known as diferuloylmethane, which is a main constituent of turmeric along with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, they have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus (Avian influenza) and Hepatitis C virus HIV. The possible role of curcumin as an antiviral agent may be attributed to the activation of the 20S proteasome, a cellular machinery responsible for degrading unfolded or misfolded proteins in a ubiquitin-independent manner. It shows suppression of HBV entry at various infection stages by inhibiting cccDNA replication by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate IAV-induced myocarditis.

[The complex effect of polyphenols on the gut microbiota and triggers of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease]

Intestinal dysfunction and microbiome changes are actively discussed in the modern literature as the most important link in the development of neurodegenerative changes in Parkinson's disease. The article discusses the pathogenetic chain «microbiome- intestine-brain», as well as factors that affect the development of intestinal dysbiosis. A promising direction for influencing microflora and inflammatory changes in the intestine is the use of polyphenols, primarily curcumin. The review of experimental, laboratory, clinical research proving the pleiotropic effect of curcumin, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects, realized both through peripheral and central mechanisms is presented.

Targeted therapies of curcumin focus on its therapeutic benefits in cancers and human health: Molecular signaling pathway-based approaches and future perspectives

The curry powder spices turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which contains curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow chemical. Polyphenols are the most commonly used sources of curcumin. It combats oxidative stress and inflammation in diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, arthritis, and depression. Most of these benefits are due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Curcumin consumption leads to decreased bioavailability, resulting in limited absorption, quick metabolism, and quick excretion, which hinders health improvement. Numerous factors can increase its bioavailability. Piperine enhances bioavailability when combined with curcumin in a complex. When combined with other enhancing agents, curcumin has a wide spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of curcumin with a specific emphasis on its approach based on molecular signaling pathways. This study investigated its influence on the progression of cancer, inflammation, and many health-related mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Curcumin has a significant potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Curcumin modulates several biochemical pathways and targets involved in cancer growth. Despite its limited tissue accumulation and bioavailability when administered orally, curcumin has proven useful. This review provides an in-depth analysis of curcumin's therapeutic applications, its molecular signaling pathway-based approach, and its potential for precision medicine in cancer and human health.

The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Mini Review

BACKGROUND

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prolonged bowel illness that is generally stress-related and is characterized by a variety of gastrointestinal problems, the most prominent of which is chronic visceral abdominal discomfort. As a result, IBS typically impacts sufferers' standard of living, and it is typically associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. IBS medication is based mostly on symptom alleviation. However, no effective medicines have been discovered too far. As a result, it is essential to discover novel anti-IBS medications.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this brief review is to describe the existing research on nutraceutical supplements in irritable bowel syndrome management, including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, herbal products, and dietary fibers.

METHODS

This review covered the relevant papers from the previous twenty years that were available in different journals such as Science Direct, Elsevier, NCBI, and Web of Science that were related to the role and function of nutraceuticals in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

RESULTS

Nutraceutical substances have a variety of modes of action, including restoring the healthy microbiome, improving the function of the gastrointestinal barrier, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, and antinociceptive properties. According to the literature, these substances not only can improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomatology but also have an excellent long-term safety profile.

CONCLUSION

Irritable bowel syndrome is a prolonged bowel illness with a lot of gastrointestinal problems. The nutraceuticals treatment works as an anti-IBS intervention and enhances patient compliance with minimum side effects since patients take it better than pharmaceutical treatments.

A review on the use of extracellular vesicles for the delivery of drugs and biological therapeutics

INTRODUCTION

Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, are effective tools for delivering small-molecule drugs and biological therapeutics into cells and tissues. Surface modifications with targeting ligands ensure precise delivery to specific cells, minimizing accumulation in healthy organs and reducing the side effects. This is a rapidly growing area in drug delivery research and this review aims to comprehensively discuss the recent advances in the field.

AREA COVERED

Recent studies have presented compelling evidence supporting the application of exosomes as efficient delivery vehicles that escape endosome trapping, achieving effective in vivo delivery in animal models. This review provides a systemic discussion on the exosome-based delivery technology, with topics covering exosome purification, surface modification, and targeted delivery of various cargos ranging from siRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins, to small molecule drugs.

EXPERT OPINION

Exosome-based gene and drug delivery has low toxicity and low immunogenicity. Surface modifications of the exosomes can effectively avoid endosome trapping and increase delivery efficiency. This exciting technology can be applied to improve the treatments for a wide variety of diseases.

Regulation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease via nanoparticle-loaded phytocompounds with anti-inflammatory and autophagy-inducing properties

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuroinflammation linked to amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and phosphorylated tau (τ) protein in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Key elements in Aβ production and NFT assembly, like γ-secretase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), contribute to neuroinflammation. In addition, impaired proteosomal and autophagic pathways increase Aβ and τ aggregation, leading to neuronal damage. Conventional neuroinflammation drugs have limitations due to unidirectional therapeutic approaches and challenges in crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Clinical trials for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other therapeutics remain uncertain. Novel strategies addressing the complex pathogenesis and BBB translocation are needed to effectively tackle AD-related neuroinflammation.

PURPOSE

The current scenario demands for a much-sophisticated theranostic measures which could be achieved via customized engineering and designing of novel nanotherapeutics. As, these therapeutics functions as a double edge sword, having the efficiency of unambiguous targeting, multiple drug delivery and ability to cross BBB proficiently.

METHODS

Inclusion criteria involve selecting recent, English-language studies from the past decade (2013-2023) that explore the regulation of neuroinflammation in neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β, tau protein, nanoparticles, autophagy, and phytocompounds. Various study types, including clinical trials, experiments, and reviews, were considered. Exclusion criteria comprised non-relevant publication types, studies unrelated to Alzheimer's disease or phytocompounds, those with methodological flaws, duplicates, and studies with inaccessible data.

RESULTS

In this study, polymeric nanoparticles loaded with specific phytocompounds and coated with an antibody targeting the transferrin receptor (anti-TfR) present on BBB. Thereafter, the engineered nanoparticles with the ability to efficiently traverse the BBB and interact with target molecules within the brain, could induce autophagy, a cellular process crucial for neuronal health, and exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. Henceforth, the proposed combination of desired phytocompounds, polymeric nanoparticles, and anti-TfR coating presents a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to the brain, with potential implications in neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

Curcumin-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles confer neuroprotection against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity

BACKGROUND

Nanotechnology and its application to manipulate herbal compounds to design new neuroprotective agents to manage neurotoxicity has recently increased. Cur-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were synthesized and used in an experimental model of ketamine-induced neurotoxicity.

METHODS

Cur-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were chemically characterized, and the average crystalline size was determined. Forty-nine adult mice were divided into seven groups of seven animals each. Normal saline was given to control mice (group 1). Ketamine (25 mg/kg) was given to a second group. A third group of mice was given ketamine (25 mg/kg) in combination with curcumin (40 mg/kg), while mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 received ketamine (25 mg/kg) plus Cur-ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Group 7 received only ZnO (5 mg/kg). All doses were ip for 14 days. Hippocampal mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic characteristics were assessed.

RESULTS

Cur-ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin decreased lipid peroxidation, GSSG content, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Bax levels while increasing GSH and antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GR, and SOD while increasing Bcl-2 level and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in ketamine treatment groups.

CONCLUSION

The neuroprotective properties of Cur-ZnO nanoparticles were efficient in preventing ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse brain. The nanoparticle form of curcumin (Cur-ZnO) required lower doses to produce neuroprotective effects against ketamine-induced toxicity than conventional curcumin.

A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for the Management of Gout

Gout, characterized by elevated uric acid levels, is a common inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Existing treatments for gout often result in undesirable side effects, highlighting the need for new, safe, and cost-effective anti-gout drugs. Natural products, including medicinal plants and phytochemicals, have gained attention as potential sources of anti-gout compounds. In this review, we examined articles from 2000 to 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and phyto-chemicals in managing gout. Our findings identified 14 plants and nine phytochemicals with anti-gout properties. Notably, Teucrium polium, Prunus avium, Smilax riparia, Rhus coriaria, Foenic-ulum vulgare, Allium cepa, Camellia japonica, and Helianthus annuus exhibited the highest xa-thine oxidase inhibitory activity, attributed to their unique natural bioactive compounds such as phenolics, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Herbal plants and their phytochemicals have demonstrated promising effects in reducing serum urate and inhibiting xanthine. This review aims to report recent studies on plants/phytochemicals derived from herbs beneficial in gout and their different mechanisms.

Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor-mediated liver damage and inflammation to cancer: Therapeutic intervention by curcumin in experimental metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma

In tandem with the expanding obesity pandemic, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as NASH)- driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predicted to rise globally, creating a significant need for therapeutic interventions. We previously identified the upregulation of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), which is implicated in facilitating the progression from MASH to HCC. The objective of this study was to examine whether the intervention of curcumin could alleviate AATF-mediated MASH, inhibit tumor growth, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. A preclinical murine model mimicking human MASH-HCC was employed, subjecting mice to either a chow diet normal water (CDNW) or western diet sugar water (WDSW) along with very low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 - 0.2 μL/g, weekly). Mice receiving curcumin (CUR) alongside WDSW/CCl4 exhibited significant improvements, including reduced liver enzymes, dyslipidemia, steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning. Curcumin treatment also suppressed hepatic expression of inflammatory, fibrogenic, and oncogenic markers. Of note, there was a significant reduction in the expression of AATF upon curcumin treatment in WDSW/CCl4 mice and human HCC cells. In contrast, curcumin upregulated Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in MASH liver and HCC cells, which is known to downregulate sp1 (specificity protein-1) expression. Thus, curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the progression of MASH to HCC by downregulating the expression of AATF via the KLF4-Sp1 signaling pathway. These preclinical findings establish a novel molecular connection between curcumin and AATF in reducing hepatocarcinogenesis, and provide a strong rationale for the development of curcumin as a viable treatment for MASH-HCC in humans.