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Snyman M, Walsdorf RE, Wix SN, Gill JG. The metabolism of melanin synthesis-From melanocytes to melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:438-452. [PMID: 38445351 PMCID: PMC11178461 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Melanin synthesis involves the successful coordination of metabolic pathways across multiple intracellular compartments including the melanosome, mitochondria, ER/Golgi, and cytoplasm. While pigment production offers a communal protection from UV damage, the process also requires anabolic and redox demands that must be carefully managed by melanocytes. In this report we provide an updated review on melanin metabolism, including recent data leveraging new techniques, and technologies in the field of metabolism. We also discuss the many aspects of melanin synthesis that intersect with metabolic pathways known to impact melanoma phenotypes and behavior. By reviewing the metabolism of melanin synthesis, we hope to highlight outstanding questions and opportunities for future research that could improve patient outcomes in pigmentary and oncologic disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Snyman
- Dermatology Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235
| | - Rachel E. Walsdorf
- Dermatology Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235
| | - Sophia N. Wix
- Dermatology Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235
| | - Jennifer G. Gill
- Dermatology Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235
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2
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Li ZY, Chang SH, Liu KT, Wu AE, Hsu CS, Huang SW, Chung MC, Wang SC, Kao JK, Chen YJ, Shieh JJ. Low-dose imiquimod induces melanogenesis in melanoma cells through an ROS-mediated pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:18-25. [PMID: 38185543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanogenesis is the process of melanin maturation which not only protects skin from UV radiation but also plays an important role in antigenicity of melanomas. Imiquimod (IMQ) is a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist that exhibits antiviral and anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE To explore whether IMQ could induce melanogenesis in melanoma cells. METHODS The mouse melanoma cell line B16F10, the mouse immortalized melanocyte Melan-A, and human melanoma cell lines MNT-1, C32 and A375 were utilized in this study. The pigmented level was observed by the centrifuged cell pellet. The intracellular and extracellular melanin levels were examined in the absorbance in NaOH-extracted cell lysate and cell-cultured medium, respectively. The expression of melanogenesis related proteins was examined by immunoblotting. The intracellular cyclic AMP amount was evaluated by the cAMP Glo assay kit. The activity of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) was investigated by CREB reporter assay with overexpressed PDE4B or not. RESULTS We demonstrated that a low dose of IMQ could trigger melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. IMQ induced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) nuclear translocation, upregulated the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, increased tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and led to pigmentation in B16F10 cells. Next, we found that IMQ-induced melanogenesis was activated by excessive intracellular cAMP accumulation, which was regulated through IMQ-mediated PDE4B inhibition. Finally, IMQ-induced ROS production was found to be involved in melanogenesis by its control of PDE4B activity. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of IMQ could activate melanogenesis through the ROS/PDE4B/PKA pathway in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alaina Edelie Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell Therapy and Translation Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Kao
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Bouchard KV, Costin GE. Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1256399. [PMID: 37886123 PMCID: PMC10598764 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.
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Zhang X, Shi X, Zhang D, Gong X, Wen Z, Demandel I, Zhang J, Rossello-Martinez A, Chan TJ, Mak M. Compression drives diverse transcriptomic and phenotypic adaptations in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220062120. [PMID: 37722033 PMCID: PMC10523457 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical forces are prominent during tumor progression. However, it is still unclear how they impact and drive the diverse phenotypes found in cancer. Here, we apply an integrative approach to investigate the impact of compression on melanoma cells. We apply bioinformatics to screen for the most significant compression-induced transcriptomic changes and investigate phenotypic responses. We show that compression-induced transcriptomic changes are associated with both improvement and worsening of patient prognoses. Phenotypically, volumetric compression inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. It also induces organelle stress and intracellular oxidative stress and increases pigmentation in malignant melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes. Finally, cells that have undergone compression become more resistant to cisplatin treatment. Our findings indicate that volumetric compression is a double-edged sword for melanoma progression and drives tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Dingyao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Israel Demandel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | | | - Trevor J. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
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Hou L, Yan K, Dong S, Guo L, Liu J, Wang S, Chang M, Meng J. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed That Hydrogen Peroxide-Regulated Oxidative Phosphorylation Plays an Important Role in the Formation of Pleurotus ostreatus Cap Color. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:823. [PMID: 37623594 PMCID: PMC10455351 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated in China. H2O2, as a signaling molecule, can regulate the formation of cap color, but its regulatory pathway is still unclear, severely inhibiting the breeding of dark-colored strains. In this study, 614 DEGs specifically regulated by H2O2 were identified by RNA-seq analysis. GO-enrichment analysis shows that DEGs can be significantly enriched in multiple pathways related to ATP synthesis, mainly including proton-transporting ATP synthesis complex, coupling factor F(o), ATP biosynthetic process, nucleoside triphosphate metabolic processes, ATP metabolic process, purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic and metabolic processes, and purine ribonuclease triphosphate biosynthetic metabolic processes. Further KEGG analysis revealed that 23 DEGs were involved in cap color formation through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. They were enriched in Complexes I, III, IV, and V in the respiratory chain. Further addition of exogenous uncoupling agents and ATP synthase inhibitors clarifies the important role of ATP synthesis in color formation. In summary, H2O2 may upregulate the expression of complex-encoding genes in the respiratory chain and promote ATP synthesis, thereby affecting the formation of cap color. The results of this study lay the foundation for the breeding of dark-colored strains of P. ostreatus and provide a basis for the color-formation mechanism of edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kexing Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lifeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
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Eom S, Lee S, Lee J, Yeom HD, Lee SG, Lee J. DDX3 Upregulates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Melanogenesis in Sk-Mel-2 Human Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207010. [PMID: 36296601 PMCID: PMC9606883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase with diverse biological functions through multicellular pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of DDX3 in regulating melanogenesis by the exploring signaling pathways involved. Various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were used to induce melanogenesis in SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells. Melanin content assays, tyrosinase activity analysis, and Western blot analysis were performed to determine how DDX3 was involved in melanogenesis. Transient transfection was performed to overexpress or silence DDX3 genes. Immunoprecipitation was performed using an antityrosinase antibody. Based on the results of the cell viability test, melanin content, and activity of tyrosinase, a key melanogenesis enzyme, in SK-Mel-2 human melanoma cells, hydrogen peroxide at 0.1 mM was chosen to induce melanogenesis. Treatment with H2O2 notably increased the promoter activity of DDX3. After treatment with hydroperoxide for 4 h, melanin content and tyrosinase activity peaked in DDX3-transfected cells. Overexpression of DDX3 increased melanin content and tyrosinase expression under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. DDX3 co-immunoprecipitated with tyrosinase, a melanogenesis enzyme. The interaction between DDX3 and tyrosinase was strongly increased under oxidative stress. DDX3 could increase melanogenesis under the H2O2-treated condition. Thus, targeting DDX3 could be a novel strategy to develop molecular therapy for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | - Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
| | | | - Seong-Gene Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2160 (S.-G.L.); +82-62-530-2164 (J.L.)
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2160 (S.-G.L.); +82-62-530-2164 (J.L.)
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Evaluation of TILI-2 as an Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Oxidative Agent and Its Role in Preventing Melanogenesis Using a Proteomics Approach. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103228. [PMID: 35630706 PMCID: PMC9147390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a desire to develop new molecules that can combat hyperpigmentation. To this end, the N-terminal cysteine-containing heptapeptide TILI-2 has shown promising preliminary results. In this work, the mechanism by which it works was evaluated using a series of biochemical assays focusing on known biochemical pathways, followed by LC-MS/MS proteomics to discover pathways that have not been considered before. We demonstrate that TILI-2 is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase’s monophenolase activity and it could potentially scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. It has a very low cytotoxicity up to 1400 µM against human fibroblast NFDH cells and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Our proteomics study revealed that another putative mechanism by which TILI-2 may reduce melanin production involves the disruption of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mouse B16F1 cells. This result suggests that TILI-2 has potential scope to be used as a depigmenting agent.
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8
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Kowalska J, Banach K, Beberok A, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Wrześniok D. The Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Changes in Melanogenesis Induced by UVA-Activated Fluoroquinolones-In Vitro Study on Human Normal Melanocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112900. [PMID: 34831123 PMCID: PMC8616096 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones cause phototoxic reactions, manifested as different types of skin lesions, including hyperpigmentation. The disturbances of melanogenesis indicate that fluoroquinolones may affect cellular processes in melanocytes. It has been reported that these antibiotics may bind with melanin and accumulate in pigmented cells. The study aimed to examine the changes in melanogenesis in human normal melanocytes exposed to UVA radiation and treated with lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin, the most and the least fluoroquinolone, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that both tested fluoroquinolones inhibited melanogenesis through a decrease in tyrosinase activity and down-regulation of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor production. Only lomefloxacin potentiated UVA-induced melanogenesis. Under UVA irradiation lomefloxacin significantly enhanced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes, although the drug did not cause an increased expression of tyrosinase or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. The current studies revealed that phototoxic activity of fluoroquinolones is associated with alterations in the melanogenesis process. The difference in phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones derivatives may be connected with various effects on UVA-induced events at a cellular level.
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Phenotypic Switching of B16F10 Melanoma Cells as a Stress Adaptation Response to Fe3O4/Salicylic Acid Nanoparticle Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101007. [PMID: 34681232 PMCID: PMC8537856 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a melanocyte-derived skin cancer that has a high heterogeneity due to its phenotypic plasticity, a trait that may explain its ability to survive in the case of physical or molecular aggression and to develop resistance to therapy. Therefore, the therapy modulation of phenotypic switching in combination with other treatment modalities could become a common approach in any future therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we used the syngeneic model of B16F10 melanoma implanted in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the phenotypic changes in melanoma induced by therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaIONs). The results of this study showed that the oral administration of the SaIONs aqueous dispersion was followed by phenotypic switching to highly pigmented cells in B16F10 melanoma through a cytotoxicity-induced cell selection mechanism. The hyperpigmentation of melanoma cells by the intra- or extracellular accumulation of melanic pigment deposits was another consequence of the SaIONs therapy. Additional studies are needed to assess the reversibility of SaIONs-induced phenotypic switching and the impact of tumor hyperpigmentation on B16F10 melanoma’s progression and metastasis abilities.
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Qiu J. Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:495-509. [PMID: 34312881 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well-known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress-induced skin pigmentation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
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Cho H, Kim B, Kim OS, Kim Y, Yang Y, Song J, Liu D, Jeon S, Kim O. Photochemical reaction to increase melanogenesis using Buddleja officinalis and blue light-emitting diode irradiation in B16F10. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102456. [PMID: 34311092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of vitiligo has increased because of stresses induced by external environment. Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy is the most commonly used method of treating the disease; however, UV light therapy requires a long treatment period, and prolonged exposure to UV radiation has side effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of natural products and LED irradiation (LED-IR) on the synthesis of melanin. It was not possible to effectively increase intracellular melanin production through individual applications of Buddleja officinalis (BO), which is a natural substance selected through screening, or blue light irradiation (Blue-IR). However, when used in combination, these two agents stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) and melanin production was induced in the stimulated cells via the CREB/MITF/TYR pathway. Furthermore, the combined treatment with BO and Blue-IR generated low levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced p38 phosphorylation, which in turn activated MITF in ROS-stimulated synthetic melanocytes, resulting in the promotion of melanogenic pathways other than the CREB/MITF/TYR pathway. In addition, this treatment combination effected melanin transport. These results suggested that the combined therapies can be used to treat melanin-deficiency skin diseases such as vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jianan Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangmi Jeon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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Małczyńska-Sims P, Chalimoniuk M, Sułek A. The Effect of Endurance Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy People and Parkinson's Disease. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578981. [PMID: 33329027 PMCID: PMC7711132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One purpose of the training conducted by people is to lose bodyweight and improve their physical condition. It is well-known that endurance training provides many positive changes in the body, not only those associated with current beauty standards. It also promotes biochemical changes such as a decreased inflammatory status, memory improvements through increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced stress hormone levels. The positive effects of training may provide a novel solution for people with Parkinson's disease, as a way to reduce the inflammatory status and decrease neurodegeneration through stimulation of neuroplasticity and improved motor conditions. Aim: This narrative review aims to focus on the relationship between an acute bout of endurance exercise, endurance training (continuous and interval), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status in the three subject groups (young adults, older adult, and patients with Parkinson's disease), and to review the current state of knowledge about the possible causes of the differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status response to a bout of endurance exercise and endurance training. Furthermore, short practical recommendations for PD patients were formulated for improving the efficacy of the training process during rehabilitation. Methods: A narrative review was performed following an electronic search of the database PubMed/Medline and Web of Science for English-language articles between January 2010 and January 2020. Results: Analysis of the available publications with partial results revealed (1) a possible connection between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and inflammatory status, and (2) a more beneficial influence of endurance training compared with acute bouts of endurance exercise. Conclusion: Despite the lack of direct evidence, the results from studies show that endurance training may have a positive effect on inflammatory status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Introducing endurance training as part of the rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease might provide benefits for patients in addition to pharmacological therapy supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sułek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Khan AZ, Jackson CJ, Utheim TP, Reppe S, Sapkota D, Olstad OK, Thiede B, Eidet JR. Sericin-Induced Melanogenesis in Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide and Inflammatory Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194395. [PMID: 32987810 PMCID: PMC7582875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the silk protein sericin promotes pigmentation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by activating the NF-κB pathway. Among numerous agents, NF-κB can be activated by hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, we explored possible associations between reactive oxygen species and sericin-induced melanogenesis in RPE. The proteome of human fetal RPE cultured for seven days with or without 1% sericin was analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). The proteomic data was verified by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess morphology. Dihydroethidium (DHE) and dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assays were used to measure superoxide and hydrogen peroxide species. Expression levels of proteins related to inflammation, differentiation, cell survival and cell adhesion were higher in cells cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 1% sericin, whereas cells cultured in DMEM alone showed higher expression levels of proteins associated with Bruch's membrane and cytoskeleton. Despite upregulation of inflammatory proteins, sericin co-cultured RPE yielded significantly higher cell viability compared to cells cultured without sericin. Addition of sericin to culture media significantly increased hydrogen peroxide-levels without significantly affecting superoxide-levels. We suggest that sericin-induced melanogenesis in cultured RPE is associated with elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide and inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyad Zartasht Khan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-2284-5300
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 10, P.O. Box 1052, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 10, P.O. Box 1052, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, P.O. Box 416, Lundsiden, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, P.O. Box 4970, Nydalen, 0440 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 10, P.O. Box 1052, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ole Kristoffer Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Jon Roger Eidet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.J.); (T.P.U.); (S.R.); (O.K.O.); (J.R.E.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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14
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Perdomo J, Quintana C, González I, Hernández I, Rubio S, Loro JF, Reiter RJ, Estévez F, Quintana J. Melatonin Induces Melanogenesis in Human SK-MEL-1 Melanoma Cells Involving Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144970. [PMID: 32674468 PMCID: PMC7404125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is present in all living organisms where it displays a diversity of physiological functions. Attenuation of melanogenesis by melatonin has been reported in some mammals and also in rodent melanoma cells. However, melatonin may also stimulate melanogenesis in human melanoma cells through mechanisms that have not yet been revealed. Using the human melanoma cells SK-MEL-1 as a model, an increase in both tyrosinase activity and melanin was already observed at 24 h after melatonin treatment with maximal levels of both being detected at 72 h. This effect was associated with the induction in the expression of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin. In this scenario, glycogen synthase kinase-3β seems to play a significant function since melatonin decreased its phosphorylation and preincubation with specific inhibitors of this protein kinase (lithium or BIO) reduced the expression and activity of tyrosinase. Blocking of PI3K/AKT pathway stimulated melanogenesis and the effect was suppressed by the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Although melatonin is a recognized antioxidant, we found that it stimulates reactive oxygen species generation in SK-MEL-1 cells. These chemical species seem to be an important signal in activating the melanogenic process since the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione decreased both the level and activity of tyrosinase stimulated by melatonin. Our results support the view that regulation of melanogenesis involves a cross-talk between several signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Perdomo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Carlos Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Inmaculada Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Sara Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Juan F. Loro
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928458792
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15
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Zhou X, Liu X, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Fang F, Sun J. Knockdown THOC2 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of melanoma. Bioengineered 2020; 10:635-645. [PMID: 31680623 PMCID: PMC7567448 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1685727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a potentially fatal form of skin cancer with great metastatic potential. THOC2 plays a vital role in human biological progression, however, the roles of THOC2 in melanoma tumorigenesis are still unknown. In the present study, our data demonstrated that THOC2 expression was significantly increased in melanoma tissues, and high THOC2 expression was associated with poor overall survival of melanoma patients. THOC2 reduction repressed melanoma cell proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Microarray data revealed that the cAMP signaling pathway was significantly downregulated in A375 cells transfected with si-THOC2, which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis. In conclusion, our data indicated that THOC2 might act as an oncogene in melanoma progression through cAMP signaling pathway regulation, which may offer a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The 1th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R.China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Fang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Jianfang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P.R.China
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Kim M, Lee CS, Lim KM. Rhododenol Activates Melanocytes and Induces Morphological Alteration at Sub-Cytotoxic Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225665. [PMID: 31726751 PMCID: PMC6888388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhododenol (RD), a whitening cosmetic ingredient, was withdrawn from the market due to RD-induced leukoderma (RIL). While many attempts have been made to clarify the mechanism underlying RIL, RIL has not been fully understood yet. Indeed, affected subjects showed uneven skin pigmentation, but the features are different from vitiligo, a skin hypopigmentary disorder, alluding to events more complex than simple melanocyte cytotoxicity. Here, we discovered that rhododenol treatment reduced the number of melanocytes in a pigmented 3D human skin model, Melanoderm™, confirming the melanocyte toxicity of RD. Of note, melanocytes that survived in the RD treated tissues exhibited altered morphology, such as extended dendrites and increased cell sizes. Consistently with this, sub-cytotoxic level of RD increased cell size and elongated dendrites in B16 melanoma cells. Morphological changes of B16 cells were further confirmed in the immunocytochemistry of treated cells for actin and tubulin. Even more provoking, RD up-regulated the expression of tyrosinase and TRP1 in the survived B16 cells. Evaluation of mRNA expression of cytoskeletal proteins suggests that RD altered the cytoskeletal dynamic favoring cell size expansion and melanosome maturation. Collectively, these results suggest that RD not only induces cytotoxicity in melanocytes but also can lead to a profound perturbation of melanocyte integrity even at sub-cytotoxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Chang-Seok Lee
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetic Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si 13135, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-S.L.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.-S.L.); (K.-M.L.)
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17
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Modulation of Diacylglycerol-Induced Melanogenesis in Human Melanoma and Primary Melanocytes: Role of Stress Chaperone Mortalin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9848969. [PMID: 31097976 PMCID: PMC6487102 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9848969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin color/pigmentation is regulated through melanogenesis process in specialized melanin-producing cells, melanocytes, involving multiple signaling pathways. It is highly influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as oxidative, ultraviolet radiations and other environmental stress conditions. Besides determining the color, it governs response and tolerance of skin to a variety of environmental stresses and pathological conditions including photodamage, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Depigmenting reagents have been deemed useful not only for cosmetics but also for pigmentation-related pathologies. In the present study, we attempted modulation of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol- (OAG-) induced melanogenesis in human melanoma and primary melanocytes. In both cell types, OAG-induced melanogenesis was associated with increase in enhanced expression of melanin, tyrosinase, as well as stress chaperones (mortalin and HSP60) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Treatment with TXC (trans-4-(Aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid hexadecyl ester hydrochloride) and 5/40 natural compounds resulted in their reduction. The data proposed an important role of mortalin and oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and the use of TXC and natural extracts for modulation of pigmentation pathways in normal and pathological conditions.
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18
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Naidu Bobba K, Won M, Shim I, Velusamy N, Yang Z, Qu J, Kim JS, Bhuniya S. A BODIPY-based two-photon fluorescent probe validates tyrosinase activity in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:11213-11216. [PMID: 28956555 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report rational design, synthesis, and application of a two-photon fluorescent probe (Tyro-1) for tracking intracellular tyrosinase activity. The chemoselective detection of tyrosinase is precluded from interference of other competitive omnipresent oxidizing entities in cellular milieu. The probe showed 12.5-fold fluorescence enhancement at λem = 450 nm in the presence of tyrosinase. The nontoxic probe Tyro-1 provides information about H2O2-mediated upregulation of tyrosinase through cellular imaging. Its two-photon imaging ability makes it a noninvasive tool for validating the expression of tyrosinase in the live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India.
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19
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Steven A, Leisz S, Wickenhauser C, Schulz K, Mougiakakos D, Kiessling R, Denkert C, Seliger B. Linking CREB function with altered metabolism in murine fibroblast-based model cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97439-97463. [PMID: 29228623 PMCID: PMC5722575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-responsive element binding protein CREB is frequently overexpressed and activated in tumors of distinct histology, leading to enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis as well as reduced apoptosis. The de-regulated expression of CREB might be linked with transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. We show here that altered CREB expression levels and function are associated with changes in the cellular metabolism. Using comparative proteome-based analysis an altered expression pattern of proteins involved in the cellular metabolism in particular in glycolysis was found upon CREB down-regulation in HER-2/neu-transfected cell lines. This was associated with diminished expression levels of the glucose transporter 1, reduced glucose uptake and reduced glycolytic activity in HER-2/neu-transfected cells with down-regulated CREB when compared to HER-2/neu+ cells. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced CREB activity resulted in changes of the metabolism in HER-2/neu transfected cells. Low pH values in the supernatant of HER-2/neu transformants were restored by CREB down-regulation, but further decreased by hypoxia. The altered intracellular pH values were associated with a distinct expression of lactate dehydrogenase, and its substrate lactate. Moreover, enhanced phosphorylation of CREB on residue Ser133 was accompanied by a down-regulation of pERK and an up-regulation of pAKT. CREB promotes the detoxification of ROS by catalase, therefore protecting the mitochondrial activity under oxidative stress. These data suggest that there might exists a link between CREB function and the altered metabolism in HER-2/neu-transformed cells. Thus, targeting these altered metabolic pathways might represent an attractive therapeutic approach at least for the treatment of patients with HER-2/neu overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Leisz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kristin Schulz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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20
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Ikeda M, Ishima Y, Kinoshita R, Chuang VTG, Tasaka N, Matsuo N, Watanabe H, Shimizu T, Ishida T, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. A novel S-sulfhydrated human serum albumin preparation suppresses melanin synthesis. Redox Biol 2017; 14:354-360. [PMID: 29040960 PMCID: PMC5975211 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Products of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) stimulate melanin synthesis. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) have been shown to have strong ROS and NO scavenging effects. However, the instability and low retention of RSS limit their use as inhibitors of melanin synthesis. The free thiol at Cys34 on human serum albumin (HSA) is highly stable, has a long retention and possess a high reactivity for RSS. We report herein on the development of an HSA based RSS delivery system. Sulfane sulfur derivatives released from sodium polysulfides (Na2Sn) react readily with HSA. An assay for estimating the elimination of sulfide from polysulfide showed that almost all of the sulfur released from Na2Sn bound to HSA. The Na2Sn-treated HSA was found to efficiently scavenge ROS and NO produced from chemical reagents. The Na2Sn-treated HSA was also found to inhibit melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells and this inhibition was independent of the number of added sulfur atoms. In B16 melanoma cells, the Na2Sn-treated HSA also inhibited the levels of ROS and NO induced by UV radiation. Finally, the Na2Sn-treated HSA inhibited melanin synthesis from L-DOPA and mushroom tyrosinase and suppressed the extent of aggregation of melanin pigments. These data suggest that Na2Sn-treated HSA inhibits tyrosinase activity for melanin synthesis via two pathways; by directly inhibiting ROS signaling and by scavenging NO. These findings indicate that Na2Sn-treated HSA has potential to be an attractive and effective candidate for use as a skin whitening agent. We developed of an Reactive sulfur species delivery system based on human serum albumin. The novel polysulfides-added albumin could inhibit melanin synthesis in melanocyte. The polysulfides-added albumin also inhibited the levels of ROS and NO induced by UV radiation. The polysulfides-added albumin has the potential to be an attractive candidate for a whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Ryo Kinoshita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Victor T G Chuang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia
| | - Nanami Tasaka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Nana Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Feruloylserotonin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced melanogenesis and apoptosis in B16F10 and SK-Mel-2 melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:973-979. [PMID: 28765043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Feruloylserotonin (FS) is a major bioactive component of safflower seeds, with documented strong antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging activities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can strongly induce melanogenesis and cell apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of FS in preventing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced melanogenesis and cell apoptosis. Melanogenesis and apoptotic cell death were induced by transient exposure to H2O2 in B16F10 and SK-Mel-2 melanoma cells. FS significantly inhibited melanogenesis and cell death in both cell lines. FS inhibited H2O2-induced melanin production by down-regulating CREB/MITF/TYR signaling via inhibited intracellular cAMP accumulation. Additionally, FS induced extracellular regulated kinase activation, which led to the degradation of MITF and consequently decreased TYR expression and melanin production in H2O2-stimulated cells. Furthermore, FS inhibited H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, FS might have potential use for cosmetic whitening and as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation disorder.
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22
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Ward LJ, Ljunggren SA, Karlsson H, Li W, Yuan XM. Exposure to atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterols causes proteomic alterations in cell death, cellular longevity, and lipid metabolism in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174475. [PMID: 28350877 PMCID: PMC5370125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7-oxysterols are recognised as strong enhancers of inflammatory processes in foamy macrophages. Atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterol mixtures induce a mixed type of cell death in macrophages, and trigger cellular oxidative stress responses, which mimic oxidative exposures observed in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the macrophage proteome has not previously been determined in the 7-oxysterol treated cell model. The aim of the present study was to determine the specific effects of an atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterol mixture on human macrophage proteome. Human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to an atheroma-relevant mixture of 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyse the alterations in macrophage proteome, which resulted in the identification of 19 proteins with significant differential expression upon oxysterol loading; 8 increased and 11 decreased. The expression patterns of 11 out of 19 identified significant proteins were further confirmed by tandem-mass spectrometry, including further validation of increased histone deacetylase 2 and macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II expressions by western blot analysis. Identified proteins with differential expression in the cell model have been associated with i) signalling imbalance in cell death and cellular longevity; ii) lipid uptake and metabolism in foam cells; and iii) inflammatory proteins. The presented findings highlight a new proteomic platform for further studies into the functional roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis, and present a cell model for future studies to modulate the macrophage proteome by potential anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LJW); (X-MY)
| | - Stefan A. Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LJW); (X-MY)
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Sun M, Xie HF, Tang Y, Lin SQ, Li JM, Sun SN, Hu XL, Huang YX, Shi W, Jian D. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor enhances melanogenesis via cAMP-protein kinase (PKA) by upregulating microphthalmia-related transcription factor-tyrosinase in melanoma. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:236-246. [PMID: 27378491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role and mechanism of action of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in melanogenesis. METHODS GPER expression was detected in the A375 human melanoma cell line and B16 mouse melanoma cell line. Cell proliferation, melanin content, tyrosinase (TYR) activity, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, and TYR and microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF) expression were measured. GPER activation was altered by agonist and antagonist treatment and its expression was downregulated by gene silencing. Estradiol-induced melanin synthesis and the activation of related signaling pathways were suppressed by inhibiting GPER via antagonist treatment. The relationship between GPER and TYR was evaluated in clinical chloasma samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Upregulation of GPER in A375 cells promoted melanogenesis, favored as indicated by increases in TYR and MITF expression and TYR activity. GPER activated melanin production via the cAMP-protein kinase (PK) A pathway, suggesting that GPER plays an important role in estrogen-induced melanin synthesis. The effect of GPER activation on cAMP-MITF-TYR signaling was also demonstrated in B16 cells. A significant association was observed between GPER and TYR expression in chloasma skin lesions relative to normal skin. CONCLUSION GPER enhances melanin synthesis via cAMP-PKA-MITF-TYR signaling and modulates the effects of estrogen in melanogenesis. GPER is therefore a potential drug target for chloasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang-Qing Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Mao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Na Sun
- Shangdong University of TCM, Shangdong, China
| | - Xing-Lin Hu
- Department of Dermatology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Xue Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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24
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Synthetic strategy with representation on mechanistic pathway for the therapeutic applications of dihydroquinazolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:596-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Comparison of Integrated Responses to Nonlethal and Lethal Hypothermal Stress in Milkfish (Chanos chanos): A Proteomics Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163538. [PMID: 27657931 PMCID: PMC5033585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Milkfish is an important aquaculture species in Taiwan, and its high mortality during cold snaps in winter usually causes huge economic losses. To understand the effect of hypothermal stress and the corresponding compensatory stress response in milkfish, this study aimed to compare liver and gill protein levels between milkfish exposed to nonlethal (18°C), lethal (16°C), and control (28°C) temperatures. Using a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and nano-LC-MS/MS analysis, this study identified thirty unique protein spots from milkfish livers and gills for which protein abundance was significantly different between nonlethal, lethal, and control temperature groups. Proteins identified in the liver were classified into three different categories according to their cellular function: (1) anti-oxidative stress, (2) apoptotic pathway, and (3) cytoskeleton. Similarly, proteins identified in the gill were sorted in five different functional categories: (1) cytoskeleton, (2) immune response, (3) protein quality control, (4) energy production, and (5) intracellular homeostasis. Based on functional information derived from the identified proteins, we assumed that different levels of hypothermal stress had a different effect and induced a different cellular response. Upon nonlethal hypothermal stress, the identified proteins were involved in anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways, suggesting that milkfish had high levels of oxidative stress in the liver and exhibited inflammation response in the gill. Upon lethal hypothermal stress, however, identified proteins were associated with apoptosis in the liver and regulation of intracellular homeostasis in the gill. The present study provided evidence to illustrate different multi-physiological responses to nonlethal and lethal hypothermal stress in milkfish livers and gills.
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Radak Z, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Koltai E. Physical exercise, reactive oxygen species and neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:187-196. [PMID: 26828019 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise has systemic beneficial effects, including the promotion of brain function. The adaptive response to regular exercise involves the up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and modulation of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of cell signaling. Exercise, via intensity-dependent modulation of metabolism and/or directly activated ROS generating enzymes, regulates the cellular redox state of the brain. ROS are also involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and the exercise-mediated neurogenesis could be partly associated with ROS production. Exercise has strong effects on the immune system and readily alters the production of cytokines. Certain cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-18 and IFN gamma, are actively involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Cytokines can also contribute to ROS production. ROS-mediated alteration of lipids, protein, and DNA could directly affect brain function, while exercise modulates the accumulation of oxidative damage. Oxidative alteration of macromolecules can activate signaling processes, membrane remodeling, and gene transcription. The well known neuroprotective effects of exercise are partly due to redox-associated adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, TF, Budapest, Hungary; Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erika Koltai
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, TF, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Wadhwa R, Priyandoko D, Gao R, Widodo N, Nigam N, Li L, Ahn HM, Yun CO, Ando N, Mahe C, Kaul SC. Stress chaperone mortalin regulates human melanogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:631-44. [PMID: 27056733 PMCID: PMC4907994 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify the cellular factors involved in human melanogenesis, we carried out shRNA-mediated loss-of-function screening in conjunction with induction of melanogenesis by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) in human melanoma cells using biochemical and visual assays. Gene targets of the shRNAs (that caused loss of OAG-induced melanogenesis) and their pathways, as determined by bioinformatics, revealed involvement of proteins that regulate cell stress response, mitochondrial functions, proliferation, and apoptosis. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the mitochondrial stress chaperone mortalin is crucial for melanogenesis. Upregulation of mortalin was closely associated with melanogenesis in in vitro cell-based assays and clinical samples of keloids with hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, its knockdown resulted in compromised melanogenesis. The data proposed mortalin as an important protein that may be targeted to manipulate pigmentation for cosmetic and related disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ran Gao
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nashi Widodo
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nupur Nigam
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Ando
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Mahe
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Anantharaman A, Hemachandran H, Priya RR, Sankari M, Gopalakrishnan M, Palanisami N, Siva R. Inhibitory effect of apocarotenoids on the activity of tyrosinase: Multi-spectroscopic and docking studies. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Otreba M, Wrześniok D, Beberok A, Rok J, Buszman E. Melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in normal human melanocytes cultured in the presence of chlorpromazine. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:221-7. [PMID: 25449126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders and belongs to phenothiazine class of neuroleptic drugs. It shows severe side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms as well as ocular and skin disorders, but the mechanism is still not fully established. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chlorpromazine on cell viability, melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in normal human melanocytes. It has been demonstrated that chlorpromazine induces concentration dependent loss in cell viability. The value of EC(50) was calculated to be 2.53 μM. Chlorpromazine in lower concentrations (0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01 μM) increased the melanin and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) content and tyrosinase activity, while changes of antioxidant enzymes activity were not observed. It suggests that long-term chlorpromazine therapy, even with low drug doses, may lead to hyperpigmentation disorders in skin and/or eye. The use of the analyzed drug in higher concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 μM) caused significant alterations of antioxidant enzymes activity in normal melanocytes, what may explain a potential role of chlorpromazine in the depletion of cellular antioxidant status leading to other adverse effects associated with the high-dose and/or long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otreba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, PL 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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30
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Effect of thioridazine on antioxidant status of HEMn-DP melanocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:1097-104. [PMID: 26105001 PMCID: PMC4561062 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thioridazine as an antipsychotic agent was extensively used to treat various psychotic disorders, e.g. schizophrenia. However, the therapy with this drug can induce serious side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms or ocular and skin disorders, which mechanisms are still not fully established. To gain inside the molecular mechanisms underlying thioridazine toxicity, we examined the effect of this drug on cell viability, antioxidant defence system as well as melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes. It was demonstrated that thioridazine induces concentration-dependent loss in cell viability. The value of EC50 was calculated to be 2.24 μM. To study the effect of thioridazine on antioxidant defence system in melanocytes, the level of hydrogen peroxide and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were determined. The drug in concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 μM caused changes in cellular antioxidant defence system indicating the induction of oxidative stress. It was also shown that the analysed neuroleptic in concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 μM significantly inhibited melanogenesis. The observed changes in cell viability, antioxidant defence system and melanization in normal human melanocytes after thioridazine treatment may explain an important role of reactive oxygen species as well as melanin in mechanisms involved in this drug side effects directed on pigmented tissues.
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31
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Otręba M, Zdybel M, Pilawa B, Beberok A, Wrześniok D, Rok J, Buszman E. EPR spectroscopy of chlorpromazine-induced free radical formation in normal human melanocytes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:359-65. [PMID: 25981866 PMCID: PMC4464733 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of chlorpromazine on free radical concentration in HEMn-DP melanocytes using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. It was found that chlorpromazine at concentrations of 1 × 10(-7) and 1 × 10(-6) M contributed to the formation of free radicals (g values ~2) in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in free radical formation was accompanied by an increase in cytotoxicity, as shown by a tetrazolium assay. Homogeneous broadening of EPR lines, slow spin-lattice relaxation processes, and strong dipolar interactions characterized all the tested cellular samples. The performed examination of free radical formation in cells exposed to different chlorpromazine concentrations confirmed the usefulness of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the effect of a drug on free radical production in a cellular model system in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- />Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdybel
- />Chair and Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- />Chair and Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- />Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- />Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- />Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Buszman
- />Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Phelps DS, Umstead TM, Floros J. Sex differences in the acute in vivo effects of different human SP-A variants on the mouse alveolar macrophage proteome. J Proteomics 2014; 108:427-44. [PMID: 24954098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is involved in lung innate immunity. Humans have two SP-A genes, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, each with several variants. We examined the in vivo effects of treatment with specific SP-A variants on the alveolar macrophage (AM) proteome from SP-A knockout (KO) mice. KO mice received either SP-A1, SP-A2, or both. AM were collected and their proteomes examined with 2D-DIGE. We identified 90 proteins and categorized them as related to actin/cytoskeleton, oxidative stress, protease balance/chaperones, regulation of inflammation, and regulatory/developmental processes. SP-A1 and SP-A2 had different effects on the AM proteome and these effects differed between sexes. In males more changes occurred in the oxidative stress, protease/chaperones, and inflammation groups with SP-A2 treatment than with SP-A1. In females most SP-A1-induced changes were in the actin/cytoskeletal and oxidative stress groups. We conclude that after acute SP-A1 and SP-A2 treatment, sex-specific differences were observed in the AM proteomes from KO mice, and that these sex differences differ in response to SP-A1 and SP-A2. Females are more responsive to SP-A1, whereas the gene-specific differences in males were minimal. These observations not only demonstrate the therapeutic potential of exogenous SP-A, but also illustrate sex- and gene-specific differences in the response to it. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that changes occur in the alveolar macrophage proteome in response to a single in vivo treatment with exogenous SP-A1 and/or SP-A2. We demonstrate that SP-A1 and SP-A2 have different effects on the AM proteome and that sex differences exist in the response to each SP-A1 and SP-A2 gene product. This study illustrates the potential of exogenous SP-A1 and SP-A2 treatment for the manipulation of macrophage function and indicates that the specific SP-A variant used for treatment may vary with sex and with the cellular functions being modified. The observed changes may contribute to sex differences in the incidence of some lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- The Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- The Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- The Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Wang C, Chen Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Jia S, Li J, Chi Y, Miao Y, Guan Y, Yang J. Hepatic overexpression of ATP synthase β subunit activates PI3K/Akt pathway to ameliorate hyperglycemia of diabetic mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:947-59. [PMID: 24296716 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase β subunit (ATPSβ) had been previously shown to play an important role in controlling ATP synthesis in pancreatic β-cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of ATPSβ in regulation of hepatic ATP content and glucose metabolism in diabetic mice. ATPSβ expression and ATP content were both reduced in the livers of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Hepatic overexpression of ATPSβ elevated cellular ATP content and ameliorated hyperglycemia of streptozocin-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice. ATPSβ overexpression increased phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels and reduced PEPCK and G6pase expression levels in the livers. Consistently, ATPSβ overexpression repressed hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. In cultured hepatocytes, ATPSβ overexpression increased intracellular and extracellular ATP content, elevated the cytosolic free calcium level, and activated Akt independent of insulin. The ATPSβ-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium and pAkt levels was attenuated by inhibition of P2 receptors. Notably, inhibition of calmodulin (CaM) completely abolished ATPSβ-induced Akt activation in liver cells. Inhibition of P2 receptors or CaM blocked ATPSβ-induced nuclear exclusion of forkhead box O1 in liver cells. In conclusion, a decrease in hepatic ATPSβ expression in the liver, leading to the attenuation of ATP-P2 receptor-CaM-Akt pathway, may play an important role in the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking (Beijing) University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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