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Olichwier A, Sowka A, Balatskyi VV, Gan AM, Dziewulska A, Dobrzyn P. SCD1-related epigenetic modifications affect hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) gene expression in cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119608. [PMID: 37852324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an enzyme that is involved in the regulation of lipolysis in the heart. SCD1 also affects epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA and histone modifications, in various tissues. Both epigenetic modifications and changes in lipid metabolism are involved in the heart's response to hypoxia. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCD1 and epigenetic modifications interact to control lipolysis in cardiomyocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We found that the inhibition of SCD1 activity and loss of SCD1 expression reduced global DNA methylation levels, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and DNMT1 expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and the mouse heart. We also found that the inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase is involved in the control of global DNA methylation levels in cardiomyocytes in an SCD1-independent manner. Additionally, SCD1 inhibition reduced expression of the hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) gene through an increase in methylation of the Lipe gene promoter. Under hypoxic conditions, SCD1 inhibition abolished hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α, likely through decreases in histone deacetylase, protein kinase A, and abhydrolase domain containing 5 protein levels, leading to the attenuation of DNA hypomethylation by DNMT1. Hypoxia led to demethylation of the Lipe promoter in cardiomyocytes with SCD1 inhibition, which increased Lipe expression. These results indicate that SCD1 is involved in the control of epigenetic mechanisms in the heart and may affect Lipe expression through changes in methylation in its promoter region. Therefore, SCD1 may be considered a key player in the epigenetic response to normoxia and hypoxia in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Olichwier
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sowka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volodymyr V Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana-Maria Gan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dziewulska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sun Q, Xing X, Wang H, Wan K, Fan R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Wang R. SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115586. [PMID: 38042113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients with metabolic diseases have high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes in lipid metabolism may systemically ameliorate the metabolic diseases, along with the complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains the metabolic and tissue homeostasis by responding to, and integrating the multiple layers of endogenous stimuli, which is mediated by the synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates a myriad of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, development, autophagy, tumorigenesis and inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional and epigenetic activation of SCD1 regulates AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, and causes aberrant lipid accumulation, thereby promoting the progression of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. This review critically assesses the integrative mechanisms of the (patho)physiological functions of SCD1 in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and autophagy. For translational perspective, potent SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer. We thus discuss the multidisciplinary advances that greatly accelerate the development of SCD1 new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, SCD1 may serve as the promising target to combat multiple metabolic complications simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaorui Xing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruobing Fan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Suárez R, Chapela SP, Álvarez-Córdova L, Bautista-Valarezo E, Sarmiento-Andrade Y, Verde L, Frias-Toral E, Sarno G. Epigenetics in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040811. [PMID: 36839169 PMCID: PMC9963127 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-term complication of obesity is the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D have been described as having epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics is the post-transcriptional modification of DNA or associated factors containing genetic information. These environmentally-influenced modifications, maintained during cell division, cause stable changes in gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of T2D are DNA methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, and phosphorylation at the lysine residue at the amino terminus of histones, affecting DNA, histones, and non-coding RNA. DNA methylation has been shown in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have been observed in chronic complications of T2D, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently, a new drug has been developed which acts on bromodomains and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins, which operate like epigenetic readers and communicate with chromatin to make DNA accessible for transcription by inhibiting them. This drug (apabetalone) is being studied to prevent major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D, low HDL cholesterol, chronic kidney failure, and recent coronary events. This review aims to describe the relationship between obesity, long-term complications such as T2D, and epigenetic modifications and their possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián P. Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABE, Argentina
- Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-91168188308
| | - Ludwig Álvarez-Córdova
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica De Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Estefanía Bautista-Valarezo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Yoredy Sarmiento-Andrade
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona” University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Dobosz AM, Janikiewicz J, Krogulec E, Dziewulska A, Ajduk A, Szpila M, Nieznańska H, Szczepankiewicz AA, Wypych D, Dobrzyn A. Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the mouse impairs pancreatic islet morphogenesis and promotes loss of β-cell identity and α-cell expansion in the mature pancreas. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101659. [PMID: 36529318 PMCID: PMC9801219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities that characterize the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) include deficiencies of β-cells and the expansion of α-cells in pancreatic islets, manifested by lower insulin release and glucagon oversecretion. The molecular mechanisms that determine intra-islet interactions between pancreatic α- and β-cells are still not fully understood. The present study showed that stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme that is implicated in fatty acid metabolism, serves as a checkpoint in the control of endocrine cell equilibrium in pancreatic islets. Our data showed that SCD1 activity is essential for proper α-cell and β-cell lineage determination during morphogenesis of the pancreas and the maintenance of mature β-cell identity. The inhibition of SCD1 expression/activity led to both a decrease in the expression of β-cell signature genes (e.g., Pdx1, Nkx6.1, MafA, and Neurod1, among others) and induction of the expression of the dedifferentiation marker Sox9 in mature pancreatic islets. The transcriptional repression of Pdx1 and MafA in SCD1-deficient β-cells was related to the excessive methylation of promoter regions of these transcription factors. In contrast, SCD1 ablation favored the formation of α-cells over β-cells throughout pancreas organogenesis and did not compromise α-cell identity in adult pancreatic islets. Such molecular changes that were caused by SCD1 downregulation resulted in the mislocalization of α-cells within the core of islets and increased the ratio of pancreatic α- to β-cell mass. This was followed by islet dysfunction, including impairments in glucose-stimulated insulin release, simultaneously with elevations of basal glucagon secretion. Altogether, these findings provide additional mechanistic insights into the role of SCD1 in the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta M. Dobosz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author.
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Krogulec
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Dziewulska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szpila
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Nieznańska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej A. Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Wypych
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tian H, Niu H, Luo J, Yao W, Gao W, Wen Y, Cheng M, Lei A, Hua J. Effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 knockout on mouse embryo development and lipid synthesis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13945. [PMID: 36124130 PMCID: PMC9482360 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid synthesis is an indispensable process during embryo and growth development. Abnormal lipid synthesis metabolism can cause multiple metabolic diseases including obesity and hyperlipidemia. Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays an essential role in lipid metabolism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of SCD1 on embryo development and lipid synthesis in a knockout mice model. Methods We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system together with microinjection for the knockout mouse model generation. Ten-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were used for zygote collection. RNase-free water was injected into mouse zygotes at different cell phases in order to select the optimal time for microinjection. Five sgRNAs were designed and in vitro transcription was performed to obtain sgRNAs and Cas9 mRNA. RNase-free water, NC sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA, and Scd1 sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA were injected into zygotes to observe the morula and blastocyst formation rates. Embryos that were injected with Scd1 sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA and developed to the two-cell stage were used for embryo transfer. Body weight, triacylglycerol (TAG), and cholesterol in Scd1 knockout mice serum were analyzed to determine the effects of SCD1 on lipid metabolism. Results Microinjection performed during the S phase presented with the highest zygote survival rate (P < 0.05). Of the five sgRNAs targeted to Scd1, two sgRNAs with relatively higher gene editing efficiency were used for Scd1 knockout embryos and mice generation. Genome sequence modification was observed at Scd1 exons in embryos, and Scd1 knockout reduced blastocyst formation rates (P < 0.05). Three Scd1 monoallelic knockout mice were obtained. In mice, the protein level of SCD1 decreased (P < 0.05), and the body weight and serum TAG and cholesterol contents were all reduced (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Xiao L, Liang H, Jiang G, Ding X, Liu X, Sun J, Jiang Y, Song L, Duan X. Proteome-wide identification of non-histone lysine methylation in tomato during fruit ripening. J Adv Res 2022; 42:177-188. [PMID: 36513412 PMCID: PMC9788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone and non-histone methylations are important post-translational modifications in plants. Histone methylation plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. However, the involvement of non-histone methylation in plant biological processes remains largely unknown. METHODS The methylated substrates and methylation sites during tomato fruit ripening were identified by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics of lysine methylated proteins was conducted to analyze the possible role of methylated proteins. The effects of methylation modification on protein functions were preliminarily investigated by site-directed mutation simulation. RESULTS A total of 241 lysine methylation (mono-, di- and trimethylation) sites in 176 proteins were identified with two conserved methylation motifs: xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxExxxxxx and xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxxxxxxxx. These methylated proteins were mainly related to fruit ripening and senescence, oxidation reduction process, signal transduction, stimulus and stress responses, and energy metabolism. Three representative proteins, thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GST T1), and NADH dehydrogenase (NOX), were selected to investigate the effect of methylation modifications on protein activity. Mimicking demethylation led to decreased Trx activity but increased GST T1 and NOX activities. In addition, RT-qPCR exhibited that the expression of many genes that encode proteins subjected to methylation was upregulated during fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that tomato fruit ripening undergo non-histone lysine methylation, which may participate in the regulation of fruit ripening. It is the first report of methyl proteome profiling of non-histone lysine in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China,Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
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Jung BC, Kang S. Epigenetic regulation of inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159019. [PMID: 34332076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a strong risk factor for insulin resistance. Chronic low-grade tissue inflammation and systemic inflammation have been proposed as major mechanisms that promote insulin resistance in obesity. Adipose tissue has been recognized as a nexus between inflammation and metabolism, but how exactly inflammatory gene expression is orchestrated during the development of obesity is not well understood. Epigenetic modifications are defined as heritable changes in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the original DNA sequence. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs, nucleopositioning/remodeling and chromatin reorganization. Epigenetic mechanisms provide a critical layer of gene regulation in response to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetics plays a large role in the regulation of inflammatory genes in adipocytes and adipose-resident immune cell types. This review focuses on the association between adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and major epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.
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8
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Benito-Vicente A, Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-Garcia U, Larrea-Sebal A, Uribe KB, Martin C. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:357-402. [PMID: 33832653 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a heterogeneous disorder derived from metabolic dysfunctions, leads to a glucose overflow in the circulation due to both defective insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. One of the critical risk factor for T2D is obesity, which represents a global epidemic that has nearly tripled since 1975. Obesity is characterized by chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels, which cause deleterious effects on glucose homeostasis referred to as lipotoxicity. Here, we review the physiological FFA roles onto glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and the pathological ones affecting many steps of the mechanisms and modulation of GSIS. We also describe in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences addressing lipotoxicity in β-cells and the role of saturation and chain length of FFA on the potency of GSIS stimulation. The molecular mechanisms underpinning lipotoxic-β-cell dysfunction are also reviewed. Among them, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, impaired autophagy and β-cell dedifferentiation. Finally therapeutic strategies for the β-cells dysfunctions such as the use of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1, thiazolidinediones, anti-inflammatory drugs, chemical chaperones and weight are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute (University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC)), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute (University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC)), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Unai Galicia-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute (University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC)), Leioa, Spain; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute (University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC)), Leioa, Spain; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Leioa, Spain
| | - Kepa B Uribe
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cesar Martin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute (University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC)), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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9
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010330. [PMID: 33396940 PMCID: PMC7795523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and is often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation of organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas) leads to the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome characterize this inflammation. The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and fat storage. This enzyme catalyzes the generation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)-major components of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets-from saturated fatty acid (SFA) substrates. In this review, we describe the molecular effects of specific classes of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) to better understand the impact of different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on inflammation in a metabolic context. Given the beneficial effects of a MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, we also present the most recent data on the role of SCD1 activity in the modulation of SFA-induced chronic inflammation.
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10
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Małodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Pawełka D, Kaliszewski K, Rudnicki J, Dobosz T. Metabolic Differences between Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipocytes Differentiated with an Excess of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091092. [PMID: 32962087 PMCID: PMC7563871 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem in highly industrialized countries. High-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most common causes of obesity and obesity-related disorders. There are considerable differences between fat depots and the corresponding risks of metabolic disorders. We investigated the various effects of an excess of fatty acids (palmitic 16:0, stearic 18:0, and oleic acids 18:1n-9) on adipogenesis of subcutaneous- and visceral-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and phenotypes of mature adipocytes. MSCs of white adipose tissue were acquired from adipose tissue biopsies obtained from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The MSCs were extracted and differentiated in vitro with the addition of fatty acids. Oleic acid stimulated adipogenesis, resulting in higher lipid content and larger adipocytes. Furthermore, oleic acid stimulated adipogenesis by increasing the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARG). All of the examined fatty acids attenuated the insulin-signaling pathway and radically reduced glucose uptake following insulin stimulation. Visceral adipose tissue was shown to be more prone to generate inflammatory stages. The subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted a greater quantity of adipokines. To summarize, oleic acid showed the strongest effect on adipogenesis. Furthermore, all of the examined fatty acids attenuated insulin signaling and secretion of cytokines and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-15-95; Fax: +48-71-784-01-15
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Dorota Pawełka
- Department and Division of Surgical Didactics, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 66, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rudnicki
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
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Dobosz AM, Janikiewicz J, Borkowska AM, Dziewulska A, Lipiec E, Dobrzyn P, Kwiatek WM, Dobrzyn A. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Activity Determines the Maintenance of DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Patterns in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186844. [PMID: 32961871 PMCID: PMC7555428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress, such as lipotoxicity, affects the DNA methylation profile in pancreatic β-cells and thus contributes to β-cell failure and the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that is involved in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, which protects pancreatic β-cells against lipotoxicity. The present study found that SCD1 is also required for the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns in β-cells. We showed that SCD1 inhibition/deficiency caused DNA hypomethylation and changed the methyl group distribution within chromosomes in β-cells. Lower levels of DNA methylation in SCD1-deficient β-cells were followed by lower levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). We also found that the downregulation of SCD1 in pancreatic β-cells led to the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and an increase in the activity of the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Furthermore, the physical association between DNMT1 and SIRT1 stimulated the deacetylation of DNMT1 under conditions of SCD1 inhibition/downregulation, suggesting a mechanism by which SCD1 exerts control over DNMT1. We also found that SCD1-deficient β-cells that were treated with compound c, an inhibitor of AMPK, were characterized by higher levels of both global DNA methylation and DNMT1 protein expression compared with untreated cells. Therefore, we found that activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway mediates the effect of SCD1 inhibition/deficiency on DNA methylation status in pancreatic β-cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that SCD1 is a gatekeeper that protects β-cells against the lipid-derived loss of DNA methylation and provide mechanistic insights into the mechanism by which SCD1 regulates DNA methylation patterns in β-cells and T2D-relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta M. Dobosz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna M. Borkowska
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.B.); (E.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Anna Dziewulska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.B.); (E.L.); (W.M.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech M. Kwiatek
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.B.); (E.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Malodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Dobosz T. Oleic acid influences the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via DNA Methylation and may predispose to obesity and obesity-related disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:230. [PMID: 31883537 PMCID: PMC6935146 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipogenesis is the process of adipocytes formation from unspecialized progenitor cells called mesenchymal stromal cells. Numerous mechanisms including epigenetic regulation modulate the correct progress of this process. Dietary exposures occurring over a specific period of time might cause long-lasting and even permanent changes in gene expression regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. For that reason, we investigated the adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 cells with the excess of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and their influence on global and site-specific DNA methylation in these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in vitro to obtain 100% of confluence, then the adipogenesis was induced by a differentiation cocktail with the addition of the excess of 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1n-9) acids. DNA and RNA were extracted at five-time points to assess the adipogenesis process. The phenotype of mature adipocytes (insulin sensitivity, adipokines secretion, fat content) was estimated in fully mature adipocytes. DNA methylation was investigated both during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. RESULTS Oleic acids stimulated expression of C/ebpα and Pparγ, which was correlated with lower methylation levels at promoters sites. Furthermore, cells cultured with an excess of oleic acid were characterized by higher lipid accumulation rate, higher leptin, and lower adiponectin secretion. Moreover, in all experimental cells, insulin signaling and glucose utilization were impaired. CONCLUSION Oleic acid affected the methylation of Pparγ and C/ebpα promoters, what correlated with higher expression. Furthermore, examined free fatty acids influenced the phenotype of mature adipocytes, especially insulin signaling pathway and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
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Hyperglycemia Changes Expression of Key Adipogenesis Markers (C/EBPα and PPARᵞ)and Morphology of Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081835. [PMID: 31398873 PMCID: PMC6723080 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipose tissue significantly contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, which are connected with hyperglycemia (HG) and underlain by epigenetics-based mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on proliferating, differentiating and maturating human visceral pre/adipocytes (HPA-v). Three stages of cell culture were conducted under constant or variable glycemic conditions. Adipogenesis progress was assessed using BODIPY 505/515 staining. Lipid content typical for normal and hyperglycemic conditions of adipocytes was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Expression of adipogenic markers, PPARγ and C/EBPα, was determined at the mRNA and protein levels. We also examined expression of miRNAs proven to target PPARγ (miR-34a-5p) and C/EBPα (miR-137-3p), employing TaqMan Low-Density Arrays (TLDA) cards. Hyperglycemia altered morphology of differentiating HPA-v in relation to normoglycemia by accelerating the formation of lipid droplets and making their numbers and volume increase. Raman results confirmed that the qualitative and quantitative lipid composition under normal and hyperglycemic conditions were different, and that the number of lipid droplets increased in (HG)-treated cells. Expression profiles of both examined genes markedly changed either during adipogenesis under physiological and hyperglycemic conditions, orat particular stages of adipogenesis upon chronic and/or variable glycemia. Expression levels of PPARγ seemed to correspond to some expression changes of miR-34a-5p. miR-137-3p, whose expression was rather stable throughout the culture, did not seem to affect C/EBPα. Our observations revealed that chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia change the morphology of visceral pre/adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, hyperglycemia may utilize miR-34a-5p to induce some expression changes in PPARγ.
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Dziewulska A, Dobosz AM, Dobrzyn A, Smolinska A, Kolczynska K, Ntambi JM, Dobrzyn P. SCD1 regulates the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and histone acetylation through changes in adenine nucleotide metabolism in skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1129-1140. [PMID: 31241768 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. It plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism. Lack of the SCD1 gene increases the rate of fatty acid β-oxidation through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the upregulation of genes that are related to fatty acid oxidation. The mechanism of AMPK activation under conditions of SCD1 deficiency has been unclear. In the present study, we found that the ablation/inhibition of SCD1 led to AMPK activation in skeletal muscle through an increase in AMP levels whereas muscle-specific SCD1 overexpression decreased both AMPK phosphorylation and the adenosine monophosphate/adenosine triphosphate (AMP/ATP) ratio. Changes in AMPK phosphorylation that were caused by SCD1 down- and upregulation affected NAD+ levels following changes in NAD+ -dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity and histone 3 (H3K9) acetylation and methylation status. Moreover, mice with muscle-targeted overexpression of SCD1 were more susceptible to high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance compared with wild-type mice. These data show that SCD1 is involved in nucleotide (ATP and NAD+ ) metabolism and suggest that the SCD1-dependent regulation of muscle steatosis and insulin sensitivity are mediated by cooperation between AMPK- and SIRT1-regulated pathways. Altogether, the present study reveals a novel mechanism that links SCD1 with the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dziewulska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta M Dobosz
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolczynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Keleher MR, Zaidi R, Hicks L, Shah S, Xing X, Li D, Wang T, Cheverud JM. A high-fat diet alters genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in SM/J mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:888. [PMID: 30526554 PMCID: PMC6286549 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the genetics of obesity has been well defined, the epigenetics of obesity is poorly understood. Here, we used a genome-wide approach to identify genes with differences in both DNA methylation and expression associated with a high-fat diet in mice. RESULTS We weaned genetically identical Small (SM/J) mice onto a high-fat or low-fat diet and measured their weights weekly, tested their glucose and insulin tolerance, assessed serum biomarkers, and weighed their organs at necropsy. We measured liver gene expression with RNA-seq (using 21 total libraries, each pooled with 2 mice of the same sex and diet) and DNA methylation with MRE-seq and MeDIP-seq (using 8 total libraries, each pooled with 4 mice of the same sex and diet). There were 4356 genes with expression differences associated with diet, with 184 genes exhibiting a sex-by-diet interaction. Dietary fat dysregulated several pathways, including those involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation. Over 7000 genes had differentially methylated regions associated with diet, which occurred in regulatory regions more often than expected by chance. Only 5-10% of differentially methylated regions occurred in differentially expressed genes, however this was more often than expected by chance (p = 2.2 × 10- 8). CONCLUSIONS Discovering the gene expression and methylation changes associated with a high-fat diet can help to identify new targets for epigenetic therapies and inform about the physiological changes in obesity. Here, we identified numerous genes with altered expression and methylation that are promising candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105 USA
- Biology Department, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Rabab Zaidi
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Lauren Hicks
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Shyam Shah
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Daofeng Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Naidoo V, Naidoo M, Ghai M. Cell- and tissue-specific epigenetic changes associated with chronic inflammation in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12723. [PMID: 30589455 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, which can cause micro- and macrovascular complications. Chronic inflammation may be the cause and result of T2DM, and its related complications as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect immune functions. Apart from genetic changes occurring within the body resulting in inflammation in T2DM, epigenetic modifications can modify gene expression in response to environmental cues such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and obesity. The most widely studied epigenetic modification, DNA methylation (DNAm), regulates gene expression and may manipulate inflammatory genes to increase or decrease inflammation associated with T2DM. This review explores the studies related to epigenetic changes, more specifically DNAm, associated with chronic inflammation in T2DM, at both the cell and tissue levels. Studying epigenetic alterations during inflammatory response, as a result of genetic and environmental signals, creates opportunities for the development of "early detection/relative risk" tests to aid in prevention of T2DM. Understanding inflammation in T2DM at the gene level in inflammation-associated cells and tissues may provide further insight for the development of specific therapeutic targets for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velosha Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Merusha Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Meenu Ghai
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Xu T, Seyfert H, Shen X. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to decrease stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression in the liver of dairy cows after prolonged feeding of high-concentrate diet. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2506-2518. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Petrus P, Bialesova L, Checa A, Kerr A, Naz S, Bäckdahl J, Gracia A, Toft S, Dahlman-Wright K, Hedén P, Dahlman I, Wheelock CE, Arner P, Mejhert N, Gao H, Rydén M. Adipocyte Expression of SLC19A1 Links DNA Hypermethylation to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:710-721. [PMID: 29121255 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance (IR) is promoted by a chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT). The latter might be regulated through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. The one carbon cycle (1CC) is a central metabolic process governing DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE To identify adipocyte-expressed 1CC genes linked to WAT inflammation, IR, and their causal role. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Outpatient academic clinic. PARTICIPANTS Obese and nonobese subjects. METHODS Gene expression and DNA methylation arrays were performed in subcutaneous WAT and isolated adipocytes. In in vitro differentiated human adipocytes, gene knockdown was achieved by small interfering RNA, and analyses included microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, DNA methylation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pyrosequencing, protein secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, targeted metabolomics, and luciferase reporter and thermal shift assays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effects on adipocyte inflammation. RESULTS In adipocytes from obese individuals, global DNA hypermethylation was associated positively with gene expression of proinflammatory pathways. Among the 1CC genes, IR in vivo and proinflammatory gene expression in WAT were most strongly and inversely associated with SLC19A1, a gene encoding a membrane folate carrier. SLC19A1 knockdown in human adipocytes perturbed intracellular 1CC metabolism, induced global DNA hypermethylation, and increased expression of proinflammatory genes. Several CpG loci linked SLC19A1 to inflammation; validation studies were focused on the chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in which methylation in the promoter (cg12698626) regulated CCL2 expression and CCL2 secretion through altered transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SLC19A1 expression in human adipocytes induces DNA hypermethylation, resulting in increased expression of specific proinflammatory genes, including CCL2. This constitutes an epigenetic mechanism that might link dysfunctional adipocytes to WAT inflammation and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Bialesova
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shama Naz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Gracia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Toft
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hedén
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Akademikliniken, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2712751. [PMID: 28607629 PMCID: PMC5457758 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2712751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative states exert a significant influence on a wide range of biological and molecular processes and functions. When their balance is shifted towards enhanced amounts of free radicals, pathological phenomena can occur, as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue microenvironment or in the systemic circulation can be detrimental. Epidemic chronic diseases of western societies, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes correlate with the imbalance of redox homeostasis. Current advances in our understanding of epigenetics have revealed a parallel scenario showing the influence of oxidative stress as a major regulator of epigenetic gene regulation via modification of DNA methylation, histones, and microRNAs. This has provided both the biological link and a potential molecular explanation between oxidative stress and cardiovascular/metabolic phenomena. Accordingly, in this review, we will provide current insights on the physiological and pathological impact of changes in oxidative states on cardiovascular disorders, by specifically focusing on the influence of epigenetic regulation. A special emphasis will highlight the effect on epigenetic regulation of human's current life habits, external and environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco, air pollution, and antioxidant-based approaches. Additionally, the strategy to quantify oxidative states in humans in order to determine which biological marker could best match a subject's profile will be discussed.
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Downregulation of peroxiredoxin-3 by hydrophobic bile acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in human trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38946. [PMID: 27958341 PMCID: PMC5154184 DOI: 10.1038/srep38946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterised by raised bile acids in foetal-maternal circulation, which threatens perinatal health. During the progression of ICP, the effect of oxidative stress is underscored. Peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that is crucial to balance intracellular oxidative stress. However, the role of PRDX3 in placental trophoblast cells under ICP is not fully understood. We demonstrated that the level of PRDX3 was downregulated in ICP placentas as well as bile acids–treated trophoblast cells and villous explant in vitro. Toxic levels of bile acids and PRDX3 knockdown induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in trophoblast cells. Moreover, silencing of PRDX3 in trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo induced growth arrest and cellular senescence via activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induction of p21WAF1/CIP and p16INK4A. Additionally, enhanced cellular senescence, determined by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, was obviously attenuated by p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Our data determined that exposure to bile acid decreased PRDX3 level in human trophoblasts. PRDX3 protected trophoblast cells against mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence induced by oxidative stress. Our results suggest that decreased PRDX3 by excessive bile acids in trophoblasts plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of ICP.
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Kasinska MA, Drzewoski J, Sliwinska A. Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue - relation to obesity and diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1293-1301. [PMID: 27904521 PMCID: PMC5111089 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of people suffering from obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem that results in increased mortality from their complications, mainly cardiovascular diseases. Although the relationship between obesity and T2DM is well established, the common molecular pathomechanisms are still under investigation. Recently, it has been suggested that epigenetic modifications may be involved in both obesity and T2DM development. Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression by the reversible modifications of chromatin structure without any changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications and miRNA interference. Therefore, the aim of this article is to discuss the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue and their association with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Kasinska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency reduces lipid accumulation in the heart by activating lipolysis independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2029-2037. [PMID: 27751891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) has recently been shown to be a critical control point in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and function. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is an important regulator of myocardial fatty acid uptake and utilization. The present study used SCD1 and PPARα double knockout (SCD1-/-/PPARα-/-) mice to test the hypothesis that PPARα is involved in metabolic changes in the heart that are caused by SCD1 downregulation/inhibition. SCD1 deficiency decreased the intracellular content of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and ceramide in the heart of SCD1-/- and SCD1-/-/PPARα-/- mice. SCD1 ablation in PPARα-/- mice decreased diacylglycerol content in cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that the reduction of fat accumulation in the heart associated with SCD1 deficiency occurs independently of the PPARα pathway. To elucidate the mechanism of the observed changes, we treated HL-1 cardiomyocytes with the SCD1 inhibitor A939572 and/or PPARα inhibitor GW6471. SCD1 inhibition decreased the level of lipogenic proteins and increased lipolysis, reflected by a decrease in the content of adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor G0S2 and a decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser565 to HSL (pHSL[Ser565]/HSL). PPARα inhibition alone did not affect the aforementioned protein levels. Finally, PPARα inhibition decreased the phosphorylation level of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, indicating lower mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In summary, SCD1 ablation/inhibition decreased cardiac lipid content independently of the action of PPARα by reducing lipogenesis and activating lipolysis. The present data suggest that SCD1 is an important component in maintaining proper cardiac lipid metabolism.
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Adipose- and muscle-derived Wnts trigger pancreatic β-cell adaptation to systemic insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31553. [PMID: 27527335 PMCID: PMC4985739 DOI: 10.1038/srep31553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling molecules are associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we show that two Wnt proteins, WNT3a and WNT4, are specifically secreted by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during the development of insulin resistance and play an important role in cross-talk between insulin-resistant tissues and pancreatic beta cells. The activation of Frizzled receptor and Wnt signaling in pancreatic islets via circulating WNT3a in blood resulted in higher insulin secretion and an increase in beta cell proliferation, thus leading to islet adaptation in a pre-diabetic state. Interestingly, in fully developed T2D, the expression profiles of Wnt3a and Wnt4 in adipose tissue and muscle cells and blood plasma levels of these proteins were opposite to the pre-diabetic state, thus favoring the downregulation of Wnt signaling in beta cells and resulting in dysfunctional pancreatic islets. These results demonstrate that alterations in the secretion profile of a canonical Wnt activator (WNT3a) and inhibitor (WNT4) from insulin-resistant tissues during the development of T2D are responsible for triggering progression from a pre-diabetic to a diabetic state. We also show here that WNT3a and WNT4 are potent myokines, and their expression and secretion are regulated in response to nutritional and metabolic changes.
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Xu T, Shen X, Seyfert HM. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression is downregulated in liver and udder during E. coli mastitis through enhanced expression of repressive C/EBP factors and reduced expression of the inducer SREBP1A. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:16. [PMID: 27439381 PMCID: PMC4955114 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) desaturates long chain fatty acids and is therefore a key enzyme in fat catabolism. Its synthesis is downregulated in liver during illnesses caused by high levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SCD1 expression is known to be stimulated under adipogenic conditions through a variety of transcription factors, notably SREBP1 and C/EBPα and −β. However, mechanisms downregulating SCD1 expression during illness related reprograming of the metabolism were unknown. Escherichia coli elicited mastitis is an example of such a condition and was found to downregulates milk and milk fat synthesis. This is in part mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. We analyzed here mechanism controlling SCD1 expression in livers and udders from cows suffering from experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Results We validated with RT-qPCR that SCD1 expression was reduced in these organs of the experimental cows. They also featured decreased levels of mRNAs encoding SREBP1a but increased levels for C/EBP α and −β. Chromatin accessibility PCR (CHART) revealed that downregulation of SCD1 expression in liver was not caused by tighter chromatin compaction of the SCD1 promoter. Reporter gene analyses showed in liver (HepG2) and mammary epithelial (MAC-T) model cells that overexpression of SREBP1a expectedly activated the promoter, while unexpectedly C/EBPα and −β strongly quenched the promoter activity. Abrogation of two from among of the three C/EBP DNA-binding motifs of the promoter revealed that C/EBPα acts in cis but C/EBPβ in trans. Overexpressing truncated C/EBPα or −β factors lacking their repressive domains confirmed in both model cells the direct action of C/EBPα, but not of C/EBPβ on the promoter. Conclusions We found no evidence that epigenetic mechanism remodeling the chromatin compaction of the SCD1 promoter would contribute to downregulate SCD1 expression during infection. Instead, our data show for the first time that C/EBP factors may repress SCD1 expression in liver and udder rather than stimulating as it was previously shown in adipocytes. This cell type specific dual and opposite function of C/EBP factors for regulating SCD1 expression was previously unknown. Infection related activation of their expression combined with downregulated expression of SREBP1a explains reduced SCD1 expression in liver and udder during acute mastitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-016-0069-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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25
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Luo P, Yu H, Zhao X, Bao Y, Hong CS, Zhang P, Tu Y, Yin P, Gao P, Wei L, Zhuang Z, Jia W, Xu G. Metabolomics Study of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (RYGB) to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Patients Based on Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1288-99. [PMID: 26889720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective treatments for long-term weight loss and diabetes remission; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not clearly understood. In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of 23 remission and 12 nonremission patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months after RYGB. A metabolomics analysis was performed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical improvements in insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and inflammation were related to metabolic alterations of free fatty acids (FFAs), acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, and lipids species. Differential metabolic profiles were observed between the two T2DM subgroups, and patients with severity fat accumulation and oxidation stress may be more suitable for RYGB. Baseline levels of tryptophan, bilirubin, and indoxyl sulfate measured prior to surgery as well as levels of FFA 16:0, FFA 18:3, FFA 17:2, and hippuric acid measured at 6 months after surgery best predicted the suitability and efficacy of RYGB for patients with T2DM. These metabolites represent potential biomarkers that may be clinically helpful in individualized treatment for T2DM patients by RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Christopher S Hong
- National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yinfang Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Ralston JC, Metherel AH, Stark KD, Mutch DM. SCD1 mediates the influence of exogenous saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes: Effects on cellular stress, inflammatory markers and fatty acid elongation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Mysore R, Zhou Y, Sädevirta S, Savolainen-Peltonen H, Nidhina Haridas PA, Soronen J, Leivonen M, Sarin AP, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Yki-Järvinen H, Olkkonen VM. MicroRNA-192* impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:342-51. [PMID: 26747651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of miR-192* (miR-192-3p) in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects and its function in cultured human adipocytes. This miRNA is a 3' arm derived from the same pre-miRNA as miR-192 (miR-192-5p) implicated in type 2 diabetes, liver disease and cancers, and is predicted to target key genes in lipid metabolism. In morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery preceded by a very low calorie diet, miR-192* in VAT correlated negatively (r=-0.387; p=0.046) with serum triglyceride (TG) and positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (r=0.396; p=0.041). In a less obese patient cohort, the miRNA correlated negatively with the body mass index (r=-0.537; p=0.026). To characterize the function of miR-192*, we overexpressed it in cultured adipocytes and analyzed the expression of adipogenic differentiation markers as well as cellular TG content. Reduced TG and expression of the adipocyte marker proteins aP2 (adipocyte protein 2) and perilipin 1 were observed. The function of miR-192* was further investigated by transcriptomic profiling of adipocytes expressing this miRNA, revealing impacts on key lipogenic genes. A number of the mRNA alterations were validated by qPCR. Western analysis confirmed a marked reduction of the lipogenic enzyme SCD (stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1), the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2) and the high-density lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 (scavenger receptor B, type I). SCD and ALDH3A2 were demonstrated to be direct targets of miR-192*. To conclude, the present data identify miR-192* as a novel controller of adipocyte differentiation and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Mysore
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare/Public Health Genomics Unit, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-000290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare/Public Health Genomics Unit, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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28
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Janikiewicz J, Hanzelka K, Kozinski K, Kolczynska K, Dobrzyn A. Islet β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes--Within the network of toxic lipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:491-6. [PMID: 25843796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related type 2 diabetes develops in individuals with the onset of β-cell dysfunction. Pancreatic islet lipotoxicity is now recognized as a primary reason for the onset and progression of the disease. Such dysfunction is reflected by the aberrant secretory capacity and detrimental loss of β-cell mass and survival. Elevated circulating serum fatty acid levels and disordered lipid metabolism management are particularly interesting in the search for biologically relevant triggers of β-cell demise. Herein, we review various types of toxic lipid metabolites that may play a significant role in pancreatic islet failure. The lipotoxic effect on β-cells depends on the type of lipid mediator (e.g., long-chain fatty acids, diacylglycerols, ceramides, phospholipids), cellular location of its action (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria), and associated-organelle conditions (e.g., membranes, vesicles). We also discuss various aspects of lipid action in β-cells, including effects on metabolic pathways, stress responses (e.g., oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy), and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hanzelka
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozinski
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.
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