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Marin E. Forged to heal: The role of metallic cellular solids in bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100777. [PMID: 37727867 PMCID: PMC10506110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic cellular solids, made of biocompatible alloys like titanium, stainless steel, or cobalt-chromium, have gained attention for their mechanical strength, reliability, and biocompatibility. These three-dimensional structures provide support and aid tissue regeneration in orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, and other tissue engineering cellular solids. The design and material chemistry of metallic cellular solids play crucial roles in their performance: factors such as porosity, pore size, and surface roughness influence nutrient transport, cell attachment, and mechanical stability, while their microstructure imparts strength, durability and flexibility. Various techniques, including additive manufacturing and conventional fabrication methods, are utilized for producing metallic biomedical cellular solids, each offering distinct advantages and drawbacks that must be considered for optimal design and manufacturing. The combination of mechanical properties and biocompatibility makes metallic cellular solids superior to their ceramic and polymeric counterparts in most load bearing applications, in particular under cyclic fatigue conditions, and more in general in application that require long term reliability. Although challenges remain, such as reducing the production times and the associated costs or increasing the array of available materials, metallic cellular solids showed excellent long-term reliability, with high survival rates even in long term follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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2
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Liu X, Chen H, Ren H, Wang B, Li X, Peng S, Zhang Q, Yan Y. Effects of ATP on the Physicochemical Properties and Cytocompatibility of Calcium Sulfate/Calcium Citrate Composite Cement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113947. [PMID: 37297081 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acting as a source of energy, has effects on cellular activities, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, ATP-loaded calcium sulfate hemihydrate/calcium citrate tetrahydrate cement (ATP/CSH/CCT) was successfully prepared for the first time. The effect of different contents of ATP on the structure and physicochemical properties of ATP/CSH/CCT was also studied in detail. The results indicated that incorporating ATP into the cement did not significantly alter their structures. However, the addition ratio of ATP directly impacted the mechanical properties and in vitro degradation properties of the composite bone cement. The compressive strength of ATP/CSH/CCT gradually decreased with an increasing ATP content. The degradation rate of ATP/CSH/CCT did not significantly change at low concentrations of ATP, but it increased with a higher ATP content. The composite cement induced the deposition of a Ca-P layer in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4). Additionally, the release of ATP from the composite cement was controlled. The ATP was controlled releasing at the 0.5% and 1% ATP in cement by the diffusion of ATP and the degradation of the cement, whereas it was controlled by the diffusion process merely at the 0.1% ATP in cement. Furthermore, ATP/CSH/CCT demonstrated good cytoactivity with the addition of ATP and is expected to be used for the repair and regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyue Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haohao Ren
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Suping Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Bandyopadhyay A, Mitra I, Goodman SB, Kumar M, Bose S. Improving Biocompatibility for Next Generation of Metallic Implants. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 133:101053. [PMID: 36686623 PMCID: PMC9851385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for joint replacement surgeries, musculoskeletal repairs, and orthodontics worldwide prompts emerging technologies to evolve with healthcare's changing landscape. Metallic orthopaedic materials have a shared application history with the aerospace industry, making them only partly efficient in the biomedical domain. However, suitability of metallic materials in bone tissue replacements and regenerative therapies remains unchallenged due to their superior mechanical properties, eventhough they are not perfectly biocompatible. Therefore, exploring ways to improve biocompatibility is the most critical step toward designing the next generation of metallic biomaterials. This review discusses methods of improving biocompatibility of metals used in biomedical devices using surface modification, bulk modification, and incorporation of biologics. Our investigation spans multiple length scales, from bulk metals to the effect of microporosities, surface nanoarchitecture, and biomolecules such as DNA incorporation for enhanced biological response in metallic materials. We examine recent technologies such as 3D printing in alloy design and storing surface charge on nanoarchitecture surfaces, metal-on-metal, and ceramic-on-metal coatings to present a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the subject. Finally, we consider the advantages and challenges of metallic biomaterials and identify future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Indranath Mitra
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
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4
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Alipour S, Nour S, Attari SM, Mohajeri M, Kianersi S, Taromian F, Khalkhali M, Aninwene GE, Tayebi L. A review on in vitro/ in vivo response of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9479-9534. [PMID: 36305245 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bone replacement using porous and solid metallic implants, such as Ti-alloy implants, is regarded as one of the most practical therapeutic approaches in biomedical engineering. The bone is a complex tissue with various mechanical properties based on the site of action. Patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V constructs may address the key needs in bone treatment for having customized implants that mimic the complex structure of the natural tissue and diminish the risk of implant failure. This review focuses on the most promising methods of fabricating such patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V implants using additive manufacturing (AM) with a specific emphasis on the popular subcategory, which is powder bed fusion (PBF). Characteristics of the ideal implant to promote optimized tissue-implant interactions, as well as physical, mechanical/chemical treatments and modifications will be discussed. Accordingly, such investigations will be classified into 3B-based approaches (Biofunctionality, Bioactivity, and Biostability), which mainly govern native body response and ultimately the success in implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Alipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Shirin Nour
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Seyyed Morteza Attari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Sogol Kianersi
- CÚRAM, SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Farzaneh Taromian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadparsa Khalkhali
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Aninwene
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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5
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Lee UL, Yun S, Lee H, Cao HL, Woo SH, Jeong YH, Jung TG, Kim CM, Choung PH. Osseointegration of 3D-printed titanium implants with surface and structure modifications. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1648-1660. [PMID: 36075761 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to establish a mechanical and histological basis for the development of biocompatible maxillofacial reconstruction implants by combining 3D-printed porous titanium structures and surface treatment. Improved osseointegration of 3D-printed titanium implants for reconstruction of maxillofacial segmental bone defect could be advantageous in not only quick osseointegration into the bone tissue but also in stabilizing the reconstruction. METHODS Various macro-mesh titanium scaffolds were fabricated by 3D-printing. Human mesenchymal stem cells were used for cell attachment and proliferation assays. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The osseointegration rate was measured using micro computed tomography imaging and histological analysis. RESULTS In three dimensional-printed scaffold, globular microparticle shape was observed regardless of structure or surface modification. Cell attachment and proliferation rates increased according to the internal mesh structure and surface modification. However, osteogenic differentiation in vitro and osseointegration in vivo revealed that non-mesh structure/non-surface modified scaffolds showed the most appropriate treatment effect. CONCLUSION 3D-printed solid structure is the most suitable option for maxillofacial reconstruction. Various mesh structures reduced osteogenesis of the mesenchymal stem cells and osseointegration compared with that by the solid structure. Surface modification by microarc oxidation induced cell proliferation and increased the expression of some osteogenic genes partially; however, most of the markers revealed that the non-anodized solid scaffold was the most suitable for maxillofacial reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Lyong Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, South Korea; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Seokhwan Yun
- Research Institute, Sphebio Co., Ltd., Pohang-si, Gyeongsanbuk 37666, South Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hua-Lian Cao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Su-Heon Woo
- R&D Center, Medyssey Co, Ltd, Jechon, Chungcheongbuk-do 27159, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Jeong
- Biomaterial Team, Dept. of Research & Development, Medical Device Development Center/Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gon Jung
- Biomaterial Team, Dept. of Research & Development, Medical Device Development Center/Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, South Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Department of Mechatronics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, South Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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Fighting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections by Surface Biofunctionalization of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Implants with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169204. [PMID: 36012467 PMCID: PMC9409238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have high multifunctional potential to simultaneously enhance implant osseointegration and prevent infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we present the first report on using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to incorporate different combinations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver (Ag) NPs on additively manufactured geometrically ordered volume-porous titanium implants. The rGO nanosheets were mainly embedded parallel with the PEO surfaces. However, the formation of ‘nano-knife’ structures (particles embedded perpendicularly to the implant surfaces) was also found around the pores of the PEO layers. Enhanced in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed for the rGO+Ag-containing surfaces compared to the PEO surfaces prepared only with AgNPs. This was caused by a significant improvement in the generation of reactive oxygen species, higher levels of Ag+ release, and the presence of rGO ‘nano-knife’ structures. In addition, the implants developed in this study stimulated the metabolic activity and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells compared to the PEO surfaces without nanoparticles. Therefore, the PEO titanium surfaces incorporating controlled levels of rGO+Ag nanoparticles have high clinical potential as multifunctional surfaces for 3D-printed orthopaedic implants.
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7
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He X, Obeng E, Sun X, Kwon N, Shen J, Yoon J. Polydopamine, harness of the antibacterial potentials-A review. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100329. [PMID: 35757029 PMCID: PMC9218838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, triggered by the adhesion of microbes and to some extent the formation of biofilms. This condition has been quite challenging in the health and industrial sector. Conditions and processes required to foil these infectious and resistance are of much concern. The synthesis of PDA material, inspired by the Mytilus edulis foot protein (MEFP)5 possesses unique characteristics that allow for, adhesion, photothermal therapy, synergistic effects with other materials, biocompatibility process, etc. Therefore, their usage holds great potential for dealing with both the infectious nature and the antibiotic resistance processes. Hence, this review provides an overview of the mechanism involved in accomplishing and eradicating bacteria, the recently harnessed antibacterial effect of the PDA through other properties they possess, a way forward in tapping the benefit embedded in the PDA, and the future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun He
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Enoch Obeng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Sun
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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8
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On-Growth and In-Growth Osseointegration Enhancement in PM Porous Ti-Scaffolds by Two Different Bioactivation Strategies: Alkali Thermochemical Treatment and RGD Peptide Coating. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031750. [PMID: 35163682 PMCID: PMC8835960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of primary stability and osteointegration in metallic implants may result in implant loosening and failure. Adding porosity to metallic implants reduces the stress shielding effect and improves implant performance, allowing the surrounding bone tissue to grow into the scaffold. However, a bioactive surface is needed to stimulate implant osteointegration and improve mechanical stability. In this study, porous titanium implants were produced via powder sintering to create different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. Two strategies were used to generate a bioactive surface on the metallic foams: (1) an inorganic alkali thermochemical treatment, (2) grafting a cell adhesive tripeptide (RGD). RGD peptides exhibit an affinity for integrins expressed by osteoblasts, and have been reported to improve osteoblast adhesion, whereas the thermochemical treatment is known to improve titanium implant osseointegration upon implantation. Bioactivated scaffolds and control samples were implanted into the tibiae of rabbits to analyze the effect of these two strategies in vivo regarding bone tissue regeneration through interconnected porosity. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone in-growth and on-growth were evaluated in different regions of interest (ROIs) inside and outside the implant. The results of this study show that after a long-term postoperative period, the RGD-coated samples presented higher quantification values of quantified newly formed bone tissue in the implant's outer area. However, the total analyzed bone in-growth was observed to be slightly greater in the scaffolds treated with alkali thermochemical treatment. These results suggest that both strategies contribute to enhancing porous metallic implant stability and osteointegration, and a combination of both strategies might be worth pursuing.
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Gholivand K, Alavinasab Ardebili SA, Mohammadpour M, Eshaghi Malekshah R, Hasannia S, Onagh B. Preparation and examination of a scaffold based on hydroxylated polyphosphazene for tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Gholivand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Mohammadpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Bahman Onagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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Fang H, Zhu D, Yang Q, Chen Y, Zhang C, Gao J, Gao Y. Emerging zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials for bone regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 34991600 PMCID: PMC8740479 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most sophisticated and dynamic tissues in the human body, and is characterized by its remarkable potential for regeneration. In most cases, bone has the capacity to be restored to its original form with homeostatic functionality after injury without any remaining scarring. Throughout the fascinating processes of bone regeneration, a plethora of cell lineages and signaling molecules, together with the extracellular matrix, are precisely regulated at multiple length and time scales. However, conditions, such as delayed unions (or nonunion) and critical-sized bone defects, represent thorny challenges for orthopedic surgeons. During recent decades, a variety of novel biomaterials have been designed to mimic the organic and inorganic structure of the bone microenvironment, which have tremendously promoted and accelerated bone healing throughout different stages of bone regeneration. Advances in tissue engineering endowed bone scaffolds with phenomenal osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, vascularization and neurotization effects as well as alluring properties, such as antibacterial effects. According to the dimensional structure and functional mechanism, these biomaterials are categorized as zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional biomaterials. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the astounding advances in emerging biomaterials for bone regeneration by categorizing them as zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials, which were further elucidated by typical examples. Hopefully, this review will provide some inspiration for the future design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Elhattab K, Hefzy MS, Hanf Z, Crosby B, Enders A, Smiczek T, Haghshenas M, Jahadakbar A, Elahinia M. Biomechanics of Additively Manufactured Metallic Scaffolds-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6833. [PMID: 34832234 PMCID: PMC8625735 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review paper is related to the biomechanics of additively manufactured (AM) metallic scaffolds, in particular titanium alloy Ti6Al4V scaffolds. This is because Ti6Al4V has been identified as an ideal candidate for AM metallic scaffolds. The factors that affect the scaffold technology are the design, the material used to build the scaffold, and the fabrication process. This review paper includes thus a discussion on the design of Ti6A4V scaffolds in relation to how their behavior is affected by their cell shapes and porosities. This is followed by a discussion on the post treatment and mechanical characterization including in-vitro and in-vivo biomechanical studies. A review and discussion are also presented on the ongoing efforts to develop predictive tools to derive the relationships between structure, processing, properties and performance of powder-bed additive manufacturing of metals. This is a challenge when developing process computational models because the problem involves multi-physics and is of multi-scale in nature. Advantages, limitations, and future trends in AM scaffolds are finally discussed. AM is considered at the forefront of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution. The market of scaffold technology will continue to boom because of the high demand for human tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Samir Hefzy
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.E.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (M.E.)
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12
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Development of Arabinoxylan-Reinforced Apple Pectin/Graphene Oxide/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Controlled Release of Drug for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity against MC3T3-E1. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of reinforced scaffolds to repair and regenerate defected bone is still a major challenge. Bone tissue engineering is an advanced medical strategy to restore or regenerate damaged bone. The excellent biocompatibility and osteogenesis behavior of porous scaffolds play a critical role in bone regeneration. In current studies, we synthesized polymeric nanocomposite material through free-radical polymerization to fabricate porous nanocomposite scaffolds by freeze drying. Functional group, surface morphology, porosity, pore size, and mechanical strength were examined through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Single-Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Universal Testing Machine (UTM), respectively. These nanocomposites exhibit enhanced compressive strength (from 4.1 to 16.90 MPa), Young’s modulus (from 13.27 to 29.65 MPa) with well appropriate porosity and pore size (from 63.72 ± 1.9 to 45.75 ± 6.7 µm), and a foam-like morphology. The increasing amount of graphene oxide (GO) regulates the porosity and mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite scaffolds. The loading and sustained release of silver-sulfadiazine was observed to be 90.6% after 260 min. The in-vitro analysis was performed using mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. The developed nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Based on the results, we propose these novel nanocomposites can serve as potential future biomaterials to repair defected bone with the load-bearing application, and in bone tissue engineering.
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Martinez-Marquez D, Delmar Y, Sun S, Stewart RA. Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4794. [PMID: 33121025 PMCID: PMC7662257 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results in decreased material strength. The porosity and pore sizes that are ideal for porous implants are still controversial in the literature, complicating the justification of a design decision. Recently, metallic porous biomaterials have been proposed for load-bearing applications beyond surface coatings. This recent science lacks standards, but the Quality by Design (QbD) system can assist the design process in a systematic way. This study used the QbD system to explore the Quality Target Product Profile and Ideal Quality Attributes of additively manufactured titanium porous scaffolds for bone regeneration with a biomimetic approach. For this purpose, a total of 807 experimental results extracted from 50 different studies were benchmarked against proposed target values based on bone properties, governmental regulations, and scientific research relevant to bone implants. The scaffold properties such as unit cell geometry, pore size, porosity, compressive strength, and fatigue strength were studied. The results of this study may help future research to effectively direct the design process under the QbD system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodney A. Stewart
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.M.-M.); (Y.D.); (S.S.)
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14
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Lovati AB, Lopa S, Bottagisio M, Talò G, Canciani E, Dellavia C, Alessandrino A, Biagiotti M, Freddi G, Segatti F, Moretti M. Peptide-Enriched Silk Fibroin Sponge and Trabecular Titanium Composites to Enhance Bone Ingrowth of Prosthetic Implants in an Ovine Model of Bone Gaps. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:563203. [PMID: 33195126 PMCID: PMC7604365 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.563203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis frequently requires arthroplasty. Cementless implants are widely used in clinics to replace damaged cartilage or missing bone tissue. In cementless arthroplasty, the risk of aseptic loosening strictly depends on implant stability and bone–implant interface, which are fundamental to guarantee the long-term success of the implant. Ameliorating the features of prosthetic materials, including their porosity and/or geometry, and identifying osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive coatings of implant surfaces are the main strategies to enhance the bone-implant contact surface area. Herein, the development of a novel composite consisting in the association of macro-porous trabecular titanium with silk fibroin (SF) sponges enriched with anionic fibroin-derived polypeptides is described. This composite is applied to improve early bone ingrowth into the implant mesh in a sheep model of bone defects. The composite enables to nucleate carbonated hydroxyapatite and accelerates the osteoblastic differentiation of resident cells, inducing an outward bone growth, a feature that can be particularly relevant when applying these implants in the case of poor osseointegration. Moreover, the osteoconductive properties of peptide-enriched SF sponges support an inward bone deposition from the native bone towards the implants. This technology can be exploited to improve the biological functionality of various prosthetic materials in terms of early bone fixation and prevention of aseptic loosening in prosthetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna B Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Canciani
- Ground Sections Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Dellavia
- Ground Sections Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Moretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
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15
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Ramaswamy Y, Roohani I, No YJ, Madafiglio G, Chang F, Zhang F, Lu Z, Zreiqat H. Nature-inspired topographies on hydroxyapatite surfaces regulate stem cells behaviour. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1107-1117. [PMID: 33102949 PMCID: PMC7569262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is one of the key factors in regulating interactions between materials and cells. While topographies presented to cells in vivo are non-symmetrical and in complex shapes, current fabrication techniques are limited to replicate these complex geometries. In this study, we developed a microcasting technique and successfully produced imprinted hydroxyapatite (HAp) surfaces with nature-inspired (honeycomb, pillars, and isolated islands) topographies. The in vitro biological performance of the developed non-symmetrical topographies was evaluated using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We demonstrated that ADSCs cultured on all HAp surfaces, except honeycomb patterns, presented well-defined stress fibers and expressed focal adhesion protein (paxillin) molecules. Isolated islands topographies significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulation of key osteogenic markers, compared to the other topographies and the control unmodified (flat) HAp surface. In contrast, honeycomb topographies hampered the ability of the ADSCs to proliferate and differentiate to the osteogenic lineage. This work presents a facile technique to imprint nature-derived topographies on the surface of bioceramics which opens up opportunities for the development of bioresponsive interfaces in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iman Roohani
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve Madafiglio
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Chang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Furong Zhang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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16
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Jing Z, Zhang T, Xiu P, Cai H, Wei Q, Fan D, Lin X, Song C, Liu Z. Functionalization of 3D-printed titanium alloy orthopedic implants: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:052003. [PMID: 32369792 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloy orthopedic implants produced by 3D printing combine the dual advantages of having a complex structure that cannot be manufactured by traditional techniques and the excellent physical and chemical properties of titanium and its alloys; they have been widely used in the field of orthopedics in recent years. The inherent porous structure of 3D-printed implants and the original modification processes for titanium alloys provide conditions for the functionalization of implants. To meet the needs of orthopedic surgeons and patients, functionalized implants with long-term stability and anti-infection or anti-tumor properties have been developed. The various methods of functionalization deserve to be summarized, compared and analyzed. Therefore, in this review, we will collect and discuss existing knowledge on the functionalization of 3D-printed titanium alloy orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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17
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The effect of strontium and silicon substituted hydroxyapatite electrochemical coatings on bone ingrowth and osseointegration of selective laser sintered porous metal implants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227232. [PMID: 31923253 PMCID: PMC6953817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufactured, porous bone implants have the potential to improve osseointegration and reduce failure rates of orthopaedic devices. Substantially porous implants are increasingly used in a number of orthopaedic applications. HA plasma spraying-a line of sight process-cannot coat the inner surfaces of substantially porous structures, whereas electrochemical deposition of calcium phosphate can fully coat the inner surfaces of porous implants for improved bioactivity, but the osseous response of different types of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with ionic substitutions has not been evaluated for implants in the same in vivo model. In this study, laser sintered Ti6Al4V implants with pore sizes of Ø 700 μm and Ø 1500 μm were electrochemically coated with HA, silicon-substituted HA (SiHA), and strontium-substituted HA (SrHA), and implanted in ovine femoral condylar defects. Implants were retrieved after 6 weeks and histological and histomorphometric evaluation were compared to electrochemically coated implants with uncoated and HA plasma sprayed controls. The HA, SiHA and SrHA coatings had Ca:P, Ca:(P+Si) and (Ca+Sr):P ratios of 1.53, 1.14 and 1.32 respectively. Electrochemically coated implants significantly promoted bone attachment to the implant surfaces of the inner pores and displayed improved osseointegration compared to uncoated scaffolds for both pore sizes (p<0.001), whereas bone ingrowth was restricted to the surface for HA plasma coated or uncoated implants. Electrochemically coated HA implants achieved the highest osseointegration, followed by SrHA coated implants, and both coatings exhibited significantly more bone growth than plasma sprayed groups (p≤0.01 for all 4 cases). SiHA had significantly more osseointegration when compared against the uncoated control, but no significant difference compared with other coatings. There was no significant difference in ingrowth or osseointegration between pore sizes, and the bone-implant-contact was significantly higher in the electrochemical HA than in SiHA or SrHA. These results suggest that osseointegration is insensitive to pore size, whereas surface modification through the presence of an osteoconductive coating plays an important role in improving osseointegration, which may be critically important for extensively porous implants.
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18
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Aslam Khan MU, Raza MA, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Abd Razak SI, Shah SA, Iqbal MZ, Amin R. Development and in vitro evaluation of κ-carrageenan based polymeric hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40529-40542. [PMID: 35520852 PMCID: PMC9057573 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration. In this study, we have synthesized polymeric hybrid nanocomposites via free-radical polymerization from carrageenan/acrylic-acid/graphene/hydroxyapatite. Porous hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated through a freeze-drying method to mimic the structural and chemical composition of natural bone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact-angle studies were carried-out for functional groups, surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the materials, followed by biodegradation and swelling analysis. The cell viability, cell culture and proliferation were evaluated against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines using neutral red dye assay. The cell adherence and proliferation studies were determined by SEM. Physical characterization including optimum porosity and pore size (49.75% and 0.41 × 103 μm2), mechanical properties (compression strength 8.87 MPa and elastic modulus 442.63 MPa), swelling (70.20% at 27 °C and 77.21% at 37 °C) and biodegradation (23.8%) were performed. The results indicated CG-g-AAc-3 with a high optical density and better cell viability. Hence, CG-g-AAc-3 was found to be more efficient for bone regeneration with potential applications in fractured bone regeneration. The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology
- University of the Punjab
- 54590 Lahore
- Pakistan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
| | - Mohsin Ali Raza
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- CEET
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department of Engineering Management
- College of Engineering
- Prince Sultan University
- Riyadh 11586
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81300 Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81300 Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Saqlain A. Shah
- Materials Science Lab
- Department of Physics
- Forman Christian College (University)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences
- GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
- Pakistan
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department of Biology
- College of Sciences
- University of Hafr Al Batin
- 39524 Hafar Al-batin
- Saudi Arabia
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19
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Su Y, Cockerill I, Zheng Y, Tang L, Qin YX, Zhu D. Biofunctionalization of metallic implants by calcium phosphate coatings. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:196-206. [PMID: 31193406 PMCID: PMC6529680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic materials have been extensively applied in clinical practice due to their unique mechanical properties and durability. Recent years have witnessed broad interests and advances on surface functionalization of metallic implants for high-performance biofunctions. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are the major inorganic component of bone tissues, and thus owning inherent biocompatibility and osseointegration properties. As such, they have been widely used in clinical orthopedics and dentistry. The new emergence of surface functionalization on metallic implants with CaP coatings shows promise for a combination of mechanical properties from metals and various biofunctions from CaPs. This review provides a brief summary of state-of-art of surface biofunctionalization on implantable metals by CaP coatings. We first glance over different types of CaPs with their coating methods and in vitro and in vivo performances, and then give insight into the representative biofunctions, i.e. osteointegration, corrosion resistance and biodegradation control, and antibacterial property, provided by CaP coatings for metallic implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Irsalan Cockerill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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20
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Li L, Li Y, Yang L, Yu F, Zhang K, Jin J, Shi J, Zhu L, Liang H, Wang X, Jiang Q. Polydopamine coating promotes early osteogenesis in 3D printing porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:240. [PMID: 31317010 PMCID: PMC6603351 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium implants are widely used in orthopedic and dental for more than 30 years. Its stable physicochemical properties and mechanical strength are indeed appropriate for implantation. However, the Bioinertia oxidized layer and higher elastic modulus often lead to the early implantation failure. METHODS In this study, we proposed a simple design of porous structure to minimize the disparity between scaffold and natural bone tissue, and introduced a one-step reaction to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer on the surface of titanium for the purpose of improving osteogenesis as well. The porous scaffolds with pore size of 400 µm and porosity of 44.66% were made by additive manufacturing. The cell behavior was tested by seeding MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti6Al4V films for 15 days. The biomechanical properties were then analyzed by finite element (FE) method and the in vivo osteogenesis effect was accordingly evaluated by implanting the scaffolds for 5 weeks in rabbits. RESULTS According to the achieved results, it was revealed that the immersion for 40 min with dopamine could significantly improve the cell adhesion. The proposed method for design of porous structure can avoid the stress shielding effect and bone growth inside the PDA coating scaffolds, which were observed at the early stage of bone healing process. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the proposed PDA coating method is effective in promoting early osteogenesis, as well as being easy to operate, and can be helpful in the future clinical application of titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Kaijia Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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21
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L, Han F, Li B, Shu W. 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:278-314. [PMID: 29744467 PMCID: PMC5935790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
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22
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Ortiz-Hernandez M, Rappe KS, Molmeneu M, Mas-Moruno C, Guillem-Marti J, Punset M, Caparros C, Calero J, Franch J, Fernandez-Fairen M, Gil J. Two Different Strategies to Enhance Osseointegration in Porous Titanium: Inorganic Thermo-Chemical Treatment Versus Organic Coating by Peptide Adsorption. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092574. [PMID: 30200178 PMCID: PMC6163352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly-interconnected porous titanium implants were produced by powder sintering with different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. The actual foams were produced using high cost technologies: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), and spark plasma sintering, and the porosity and/or interconnection was not optimized. The aim was to generate a bioactive surface on foams using two different strategies, based on inorganic thermo-chemical treatment and organic coating by peptide adsorption, to enhance osseointegration. Porosity was produced using NaCl as a space holder and polyethyleneglicol as a binder phase. Static and fatigue tests were performed in order to determine mechanical behaviors. Surface bioactivation was performed using a thermo-chemical treatment or by chemical adsorption with peptides. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured and cytotoxicity was measured. Bioactivated scaffolds and a control were implanted in the tibiae of rabbits. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 weeks after implantation. Interconnected porosity was 53% with an average diameter of 210 µm and an elastic modulus of around 1 GPa with good mechanical properties. The samples presented cell survival values close to 100% of viability. Newly formed bone was observed inside macropores, through interconnected porosity, and on the implant surface. Successful bone colonization of inner structure (40%) suggested good osteoconductive capability of the implant. Bioactivated foams showed better results than non-treated ones, suggesting both bioactivation strategies induce osteointegration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ortiz-Hernandez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Katrin S Rappe
- Departamento de Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Molmeneu
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Guillem-Marti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Punset
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Caparros
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Calero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Franch
- Departamento de Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariano Fernandez-Fairen
- Facultad de Odontología, Campus de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Cataluña (UIC), 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil
- Facultad de Odontología, Campus de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Cataluña (UIC), 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Yang H, Zhu Q, Qi H, Liu X, Ma M, Chen Q. A Facile Flow-Casting Production of Bioactive Glass Coatings on Porous Titanium for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1540. [PMID: 30150523 PMCID: PMC6163300 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing enabled the fabrication of porous titanium (PT) with customized porosity and mechanical properties. However, functionalization of PT surfaces with bioactive coatings is being challenged due to sophisticated geometry and highly porous structure. In this study, a facile flow-casting technique was developed to produce homogeneous 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) coatings on the entire surface of PT. The coating weight as a function of BG concentration in a BG-PVA slurry was investigated to achieve controllable coating yield without blocking macropore structure. The annealing-treated BG coating not only exhibited compact adhesion confirmed by qualitative sonication treatment, but also enhanced the mechanical properties of PT scaffolds. Moreover, in-vitro assessments of BG-coated PT cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells was carried out having in mind their potential as bioactive bone implants. The experimental results in this study offer a simple and versatile approach for the bio-functionalization of PT and other porous biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Qijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Meixia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Barua E, Deoghare AB, Deb P, Lala SD. Naturally derived biomaterials for development of composite bone scaffold: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/377/1/012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Du X, Fu S, Zhu Y. 3D printing of ceramic-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: an overview. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4397-4412. [PMID: 32254656 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most promising strategies in bone tissue engineering focuses on the development of biomimetic scaffolds. Ceramic-based scaffolds with favorable osteogenic ability and mechanical properties are promising candidates for bone repair. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technique, which allows the fabrication of patient-specific scaffolds with high structural complexity and design flexibility, and gains growing attention. This review aims to highlight advances in 3D printing of ceramic-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Technical limitations and practical challenges are emphasized and design considerations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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26
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Palmquist A. A multiscale analytical approach to evaluate osseointegration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:60. [PMID: 29736606 PMCID: PMC5938308 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegrated implants are frequently used in reconstructive surgery, both in the dental and orthopedic field, restoring physical function and improving the quality of life for the patients. The bone anchorage is typically evaluated at micrometer resolution, while bone tissue is a dynamic composite material composed of nanoscale collagen fibrils and apatite crystals, with defined hierarchical levels at different length scales. In order to understand the bone formation and the ultrastructure of the interfacial tissue, analytical strategies needs to be implemented enabling multiscale and multimodal analyses of the intact interface. This paper describes a sample preparation route for successive analyses allowing assessment of the different hierarchical levels of interest, going from macro to nano scale and could be implemented on single samples. Examples of resulting analyses of different techniques on one type of implant surface is given, with emphasis on correlating the length scale between the different techniques. The bone-implant interface shows an intimate contact between mineralized collagen bundles and the outermost surface of the oxide layer, while bone mineral is found in the nanoscale surface features creating a functionally graded interface. Osteocytes exhibit a direct contact with the implant surface via canaliculi that house their dendritic processes. Blood vessels are frequently found in close proximity to the implant surface either within the mineralized bone matrix or at regions of remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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27
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Rao X, Li J, Feng X, Chu C. Bone-like apatite growth on controllable macroporous titanium scaffolds coated with microporous titania. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Intrinsic Osteoinductivity of Porous Titanium Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Biomater 2017; 2017:5093063. [PMID: 28814954 PMCID: PMC5549492 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5093063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects and nonunions are serious complications that are caused by extensive trauma or tumour. As traditional therapies fail to repair these critical-sized defects, tissue engineering scaffolds can be used to regenerate the damaged tissue. Highly porous titanium scaffolds, produced by selective laser sintering with mechanical properties in range of trabecular bone (compressive strength 35 MPa and modulus 73 MPa), can be used in these orthopaedic applications, if a stable mechanical fixation is provided. Hydroxyapatite coatings are generally considered essential and/or beneficial for bone formation; however, debonding of the coatings is one of the main concerns. We hypothesised that the titanium scaffolds have an intrinsic potential to induce bone formation without the need for a hydroxyapatite coating. In this paper, titanium scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite using electrochemical method were fabricated and osteoinductivity of coated and noncoated scaffolds was compared in vitro. Alizarin Red quantification confirmed osteogenesis independent of coating. Bone formation and ingrowth into the titanium scaffolds were evaluated in sheep stifle joints. The examinations after 3 months revealed 70% bone ingrowth into the scaffold confirming its osteoinductive capacity. It is shown that the developed titanium scaffold has an intrinsic capacity for bone formation and is a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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29
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Yu GZ, Chou DT, Hong D, Roy A, Kumta PN. Biomimetic Rotated Lamellar Plywood Motifs by Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloy Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:648-657. [PMID: 29445771 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing presents opportunities to treat bone defects using biomimetic tissue scaffolds. Past investigations have explored modulating scaffold mechanical properties through varying materials and geometric motifs. Herein, we applied the rotated plywood structure of bone tissue to a 3D printed scaffold with the goal of improving mechanical performance compared to an orthogonal mesh design commonly used in tissue scaffold applications. The scaffolds were subjected to uniaxial compression followed by scanning electron microscopy and microcomputer tomography. The uniaxial compression test was characterized through elastic modulus (mean 1.32 GPa biomimetic, 0.196 GPa orthogonal, p < 0.001), ultimate compressive strength (mean 16.546 MPa biomimetic, 6.309 MPa orthogonal design, p < 0.001), and ultimate compressive strain values (4.867% biomimetic, 9.000% orthogonal, p < 0.005). Correlation of microfracture imaging to bulk scaffold mode of failure suggest that utilizing the biomimetic plywood design not only improved mechanical performance, but also reduced asymmetrtic buckling, plastic deformation, and fracture propagation similar to bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Z Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Da-Tren Chou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Daeho Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Swanson School of Engineering and School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abhijit Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Swanson School of Engineering and School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 815C Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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30
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Rapid prototyped patient specific guiding implants in critical mandibular reconstruction. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Yin R, Zhang N, Wang K, Long H, Xing T, Nie J, Zhang H, Zhang W. Material design and photo-regulated hydrolytic degradation behavior of tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated via 3D fiber deposition. J Mater Chem B 2016; 5:329-340. [PMID: 32263551 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02884e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An ideal behavior of a tissue engineering scaffold is that it degrades and reshapes at a rate that matches the formation of new tissues. However, this ideal situation may not occur as the scaffold often undergoes too slow or too fast degradation. To test the promise of the active control of scaffold degradation, in this work, a photo/water dual-degradable porous scaffold was designed and fabricated using a 3D fiber deposition (3DF) system from a linear biopolymer (named PLANB) that combined the o-nitrobenzyl linkages and hydrolysable ester bone in the polymer chains. The chemical structure, molecular weight and polydispersity of PLANB were characterized by IR, NMR, GPC and MALDI-TOF-MS. The thermal properties of PLANB evaluated by DSC and TGA assays enabled a 3DF printing at the temperature around its melting point without chemical changes. The introduction of a real-time IR (RTIR) technique not only facilitated the determination of photolysis kinetics and quantum yield, but also enabled the capture of intermediate products during the photo-cleavage process of PLANB scaffolds. A minute-scale daily photolysis combined with a continuous hydrolysis process was implemented to test the photo-regulated hydrolytic degradation behavior of PLANB scaffolds in vitro, and the results obtained from both the SEM image and the mass loss profile demonstrated a porous-void microstructure along the strands of scaffolds and an apparent increase of the mass loss amount compared with the control group without photo-irradiation. Furthermore, PLANB scaffolds showed low cytotoxicity to L929 cells and performed well in promoting cell adhesion. It can therefore be concluded that such scaffolds have great potential in offering a diverse range of control over degradation kinetics of tissue engineering scaffolds to be tailored to individual tissue regeneration situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yin
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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32
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Jia Z, Xiu P, Xiong P, Zhou W, Cheng Y, Wei S, Zheng Y, Xi T, Cai H, Liu Z, Wang C, Zhang W, Li Z. Additively Manufactured Macroporous Titanium with Silver-Releasing Micro-/Nanoporous Surface for Multipurpose Infection Control and Bone Repair - A Proof of Concept. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28495-28510. [PMID: 27704758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Restoring large-scale bone defects, where osteogenesis is slow while infections lurk, with biomaterials represents a formidable challenge in orthopedic clinics. Here, we propose a scaffold-based multipurpose anti-infection and bone repairing strategy to meet such restorative needs. To do this, personalized multifunctional titanium meshes were produced through an advanced additive manufacturing process and dual "TiO2-poly(dopamine)/Ag (nano)" post modifications, yielding macroporous constructs with micro-/nanoporous walls and nanosilver bullets immobilized/embedded therein. Ultrahigh loading capacity and durable release of Ag+ were accomplished. The scaffolds were active against planktonic/adherent bacteria (Gram-negative and positive) for up to 12 weeks. Additionally, they not only defended themselves from biofilm colonization but also helped destroy existing biofilms, especially in combination with antibiotics. Further, the osteoblasts/bacteria coculture study displayed that the engineered surfaces aided MG-63 cells to combat bacterial invasion. Meanwhile, the scaffolds elicited generally acceptable biocompatibility (cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability) and hastened osteoblast differentiation and maturation (alkaline phosphatase production, matrix secretion, and calcification), by synergy of micro-/nanoscale topological cues and bioactive catecholamine chemistry. Although done ex vivo, these studies reveal that our three-in-one strategy (infection prophylaxis, infection fighting, and bone repair) has great potential to simultaneously prevent/combat infections and bridge defected bone. This work provides new thoughts to the use of enabling technologies to design biomaterials that resolve unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Caimei Wang
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd. , Beijing 102200, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd. , Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd. , Beijing 102200, China
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33
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Li J, Zhi W, Xu T, Shi F, Duan K, Wang J, Mu Y, Weng J. Ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis regulated by porous architecture of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with similar interconnecting structure in vivo. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:285-297. [PMID: 27699059 PMCID: PMC5043155 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes. In order to accurately reveal the relationship between ectopic osteogenesis and macro-pore sizes in dorsal muscle and abdominal cavities of dogs, hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with three different macro-pore sizes of 500–650, 750–900 and 1100–1250 µm were prepared via sugar spheres-leaching process, which also had similar interconnecting structure determined by keeping the d/s ratio of interconnecting window diameter to macro-pore size constant. The permeability test showed that the seepage flow of fluid through the porous scaffolds increased with the increase of macro-pore sizes. The cell growth in three scaffolds was not affected by the macro-pore sizes. The in vivo ectopic implantation results indicated that the macro-pore sizes of HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure have impact not only the speed of osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also the space distribution of newly formed bone. The scaffold with macro-pore sizes of 750–900 µm exhibited much faster angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and much more uniformly distribution of new bone than those with other macro-pore sizes. This work illustrates the importance of a suitable macro-pore sizes in HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure which provides the environment for ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Dental Department, Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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34
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Xiu P, Jia Z, Lv J, Yin C, Cheng Y, Zhang K, Song C, Leng H, Zheng Y, Cai H, Liu Z. Tailored Surface Treatment of 3D Printed Porous Ti6Al4V by Microarc Oxidation for Enhanced Osseointegration via Optimized Bone In-Growth Patterns and Interlocked Bone/Implant Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17964-17975. [PMID: 27341499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
3D printed porous titanium (Ti) holds enormous potential for load-bearing orthopedic applications. Although the 3D printing technique has good control over the macro-sturctures of porous Ti, the surface properties that affect tissue response are beyond its control, adding the need for tailored surface treatment to improve its osseointegration capacity. Here, the one step microarc oxidation (MAO) process was applied to a 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffold to endow the scaffold with a homogeneous layer of microporous TiO2 and significant amounts of amorphous calcium-phosphate. Following the treatment, the porous Ti64 scaffolds exhibited a drastically improved apatite forming ability, cyto-compatibility, and alkaline phosphatase activity. In vivo test in a rabbit model showed that the bone in-growth at the untreated scaffold was in a pattern of distance osteogenesis by which bone formed only at the periphery of the scaffold. In contrast, the bone in-growth at the MAO-treated scaffold exhibited a pattern of contact osteogenesis by which bone formed in situ on the entire surface of the scaffold. This pattern of bone in-growth significantly increased bone formation both in and around the scaffold possibly through enhancement of bone formation and disruption of bone remodeling. Moreover, the implant surface of the MAO-treated scaffold interlocked with the bone tissues through the fabricated microporous topographies to generate a stronger bone/implant interface. The increased osteoinetegration strength was further proven by a push out test. MAO exhibits a high efficiency in the enhancement of osteointegration of porous Ti64 via optimizing the patterns of bone in-growth and bone/implant interlocking. Therefore, post-treatment of 3D printed porous Ti64 with MAO technology might open up several possibilities for the development of bioactive customized implants in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Jia
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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35
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Schouman T, Schmitt M, Adam C, Dubois G, Rouch P. Influence of the overall stiffness of a load-bearing porous titanium implant on bone ingrowth in critical-size mandibular bone defects in sheep. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:484-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Rupérez E, Manero JM, Bravo-González LA, Espinar E, Gil FJ. Development of Biomimetic NiTi Alloy: Influence of Thermo-Chemical Treatment on the Physical, Mechanical and Biological Behavior. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060402. [PMID: 28773526 PMCID: PMC5456747 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A bioactive layer, free of nickel, has been performed for its greater acceptability and reliability in clinical applications for NiTi shape memory alloys. In the first step, a safe barrier against Ni release has been produced on the surface by means of a thicker rutile/anastase protective layer free of nickel. In the second step, a sodium alkaline titanate hydrogel, which has the ability to induce apatite formation, has been performed from oxidized surface. An improvement of host tissue–implant integration has been achieved in terms of Ni ions release and the bioactivity of the treated NiTi alloys has been corroborated with both in vitro and in vivo studies. The transformation temperatures (As, Af, Ms, and Mf), as well as the critical stresses (σβ⇔M), have been slightly changed due to this surface modification. Consequently, this fact must be taken into account in order to design new surface modification on NiTi implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rupérez
- Centre de Recerca Nanoenginyeria (CrnE), Departamento Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - José María Manero
- Centre de Recerca Nanoenginyeria (CrnE), Departamento Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | | | - Eduardo Espinar
- Department of Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - F J Gil
- Universidad Internacional de Cataluña, C/Immaculada 22, Barcelona 08195, Spain.
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37
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Yin B, Ma P, Chen J, Wang H, Wu G, Li B, Li Q, Huang Z, Qiu G, Wu Z. Hybrid Macro-Porous Titanium Ornamented by Degradable 3D Gel/nHA Micro-Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:575. [PMID: 27092492 PMCID: PMC4849031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous titanium is a kind of promising material for bone substitution, while its bio-inert property results in demand of modifications to improve the osteointegration capacity. In this study, gelatin (Gel) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) were used to construct 3D micro-scaffolds in the pores of porous titanium in the ratios of Gel:nHA = 1:0, Gel:nHA = 1:1, and Gel:nHA = 1:3, respectively. Cell attachment and proliferation, and gene and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers were evaluated in MC3T3-E1 cells, followed by bone regeneration assessment in a rabbit radius defect model. All hybrid scaffolds with different composition ratio were found to have significant promotional effects in cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, in which the group with Gel:nHA = 1:1 showed the best performance in vitro, as well as the most bone regeneration volume in vivo. This 3D micro-scaffolds modification may be an innovative method for porous titanium ornamentation and shows potential application values in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Gui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China.
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38
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Short AR, Koralla D, Deshmukh A, Wissel B, Stocker B, Calhoun M, Dean D, Winter JO. Hydrogels That Allow and Facilitate Bone Repair, Remodeling, and Regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7818-7830. [PMID: 26693013 PMCID: PMC4675359 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects can originate from a variety of causes, including trauma, cancer, congenital deformity, and surgical reconstruction. Success of the current "gold standard" treatment (i.e., autologous bone grafts) is greatly influenced by insufficient or inappropriate bone stock. There is thus a critical need for the development of new, engineered materials for bone repair. This review describes the use of natural and synthetic hydrogels as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We discuss many of the advantages that hydrogels offer as bone repair materials, including their potential for osteoconductivity, biodegradability, controlled growth factor release, and cell encapsulation. We also discuss the use of hydrogels in composite devices with metals, ceramics, or polymers. These composites are useful because of the low mechanical moduli of hydrogels. Finally, the potential for thermosetting and photo-cross-linked hydrogels as three-dimensionally (3D) printed, patient-specific devices is highlighted. Three-dimensional printing enables controlled spatial distribution of scaffold materials, cells, and growth factors. Hydrogels, especially natural hydrogels present in bone matrix, have great potential to augment existing bone tissue engineering devices for the treatment of critical size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Short
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepthi Koralla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ameya Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Wissel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Stocker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Calhoun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica O. Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Jo AR, Hong MW, Cho YS, Song KM, Lee JH, Sohn D, Kim YY, Cho YS. Assessment of cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds with respect to pore-size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ra Jo
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Wha Hong
- Department of Orthopedics; Deajeon St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea; 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu Daejeon 301-723 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Myoung Song
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nano Convergence System; Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division; Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM); 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Sohn
- Division of Mechanical Engineering; College of Engineering; Korea Maritime and Ocean University; 727 Taejong-ro Yeongdo-gu Busan 606-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yul Kim
- Department of Orthopedics; Deajeon St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea; 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu Daejeon 301-723 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; College of Engineering; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
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Ahmadi SM, Yavari SA, Wauthle R, Pouran B, Schrooten J, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA. Additively Manufactured Open-Cell Porous Biomaterials Made from Six Different Space-Filling Unit Cells: The Mechanical and Morphological Properties. MATERIALS 2015; 8:1871-1896. [PMID: 28788037 PMCID: PMC5507048 DOI: 10.3390/ma8041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the mechanical properties of bone-mimicking porous biomaterials are a function of the morphological properties of the porous structure, including the configuration and size of the repeating unit cell from which they are made. However, the literature on this topic is limited, primarily because of the challenge in fabricating porous biomaterials with arbitrarily complex morphological designs. In the present work, we studied the relationship between relative density (RD) of porous Ti6Al4V EFI alloy and five compressive properties of the material, namely elastic gradient or modulus (Es20–70), first maximum stress, plateau stress, yield stress, and energy absorption. Porous structures with different RD and six different unit cell configurations (cubic (C), diamond (D), truncated cube (TC), truncated cuboctahedron (TCO), rhombic dodecahedron (RD), and rhombicuboctahedron (RCO)) were fabricated using selective laser melting. Each of the compressive properties increased with increase in RD, the relationship being of a power law type. Clear trends were seen in the influence of unit cell configuration and porosity on each of the compressive properties. For example, in terms of Es20–70, the structures may be divided into two groups: those that are stiff (comprising those made using C, TC, TCO, and RCO unit cell) and those that are compliant (comprising those made using D and RD unit cell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Ahmadi
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Saber Amin Yavari
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Behdad Pouran
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Schrooten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, PB 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
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Stoor P, Mesimäki K, Lindqvist C, Kontio R. The use of anatomically drop-shaped bioactive glass S53P4 implants in the reconstruction of orbital floor fractures--A prospective long-term follow-up study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:969-75. [PMID: 25957104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An isolated fracture of the orbital floor needs reconstruction if there is a clear herniation of adipose tissue or of the rectus inferior muscle into the maxillary sinus. A prospective study was carried out treating 20 patients with an isolated blow-out fracture of the orbital floor or with a combined zygomatico-orbito-maxillary complex fracture, using a newly designed anatomically drop-shaped implants made of bioactive glass (BAG) S53P4. Computed tomography (CT) was performed immediately postoperatively to confirm the correct position of the plate. The patients were followed up for an average of 32 months clinically and radiologically with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for an average of 31 months. None of the patients had any signs of complications related to the implant and the clinical outcome was very good. None of the patients had persisting diplopia. The level of the pupillas was normal in 15 of 20 patients. Minor hypo-ophthalmos ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm was observed in three patients, and moderate hypo-ophthalmos of 2.0 mm was seen in one patient. Hyperophthalmos of 1.0 mm was seen in one patient. Minor enophthalmos on the operated side ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm was seen in eight patients. Mild to moderate paraesthesia of the infraorbital nerve was observed in six patients. The immediate postoperative CT and the long term follow-up MRI revealed that the drop-shaped BAG implants retained their correct position in the orbital floor and did not show any evidence of losing their original shape or material resorption. No adverse tissue reaction was associated with the material. Due to the anatomical drop shape, the implants could successfully maintain the orbital volume and compensate for the retrobulbar adipose tissue atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stoor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Karri Mesimäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Lindqvist
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kontio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
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Saito E, Suarez-Gonzalez D, Murphy WL, Hollister SJ. Biomineral coating increases bone formation by ex vivo BMP-7 gene therapy in rapid prototyped poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) porous scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:621-32. [PMID: 25515846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Porousbiodegradable polymer scaffolds are widely utilized for bone tissue engineering, but are not osteoconductive like calcium phosphate scaffolds. We combine indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF), ex vivo gene therapy, with biomineral coating to compare the effect of biomineral coating on bone regeneration for Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with the same porous architecture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) demonstrate PLLA and PCL scaffolds have the same porous architecture and are completely coated. All scaffolds are seeded with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) transduced with adenovirus encoded with either bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) or green fluorescent protein (GFP), and implanted into mice subcutaneously for 3 and 10 weeks. Only scaffolds with BMP-7 transduced HGFs show mineralized tissue formation. At 3 weeks some blood vessel-like structures are observed in coated PLLA and PCL scaffolds, but there is no significant difference in bone ingrowth between the coated and uncoated scaffolds for either PLLA or PCL. At 10 weeks, however, coated scaffolds (both PLLA and PCL) have significantly more bone ingrowth than uncoated scaffolds, which have more fibrous tissue. Coated PLLA scaffolds have improved mechanical properties compared with uncoated PLLA scaffolds due to increased bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
| | | | - William L. Murphy
- Materials Science Program; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Scott J. Hollister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA
- Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-032 USA
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Schmitt M, Allena R, Schouman T, Frasca S, Collombet JM, Holy X, Rouch P. Diffusion model to describe osteogenesis within a porous titanium scaffold. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 19:171-9. [PMID: 25573031 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.998207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a two-dimensional finite element model, which is derived from an animal experiment and allows simulating osteogenesis within a porous titanium scaffold implanted in ewe's hemi-mandible during 12 weeks. The cell activity is described through diffusion equations and regulated by the stress state of the structure. We compare our model to (i) histological observations and (ii) experimental data obtained from a mechanical test done on sacrificed animal. We show that our mechano-biological approach provides consistent numerical results and constitutes a useful tool to predict osteogenesis pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmitt
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
| | - R Allena
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
| | - T Schouman
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France.,b Department of maxillofacial surgery , APHP - Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital , University of Paris 6, 75013 Paris , France
| | - S Frasca
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - J M Collombet
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - X Holy
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - P Rouch
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
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Nainar SMM, Begum S, Ansari MNM, Hoque ME, Aini SS, Ng MH, Ruszymah BHI. Effect of compatibilizers on in vitro biocompatibility of PLA–HA bioscaffold. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper exclusively describes the biocompatibility evaluation of biodegradable PLA–HA-based composites as temporary bone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in orthopaedic applications. For that purpose, a set of composites were prepared using 3D melt-deposition method that comprises a biopolymer namely polylactic acid (PLA), and a bioceramic filler, namely hydroxyapatite (HA) 10 wt%, and compatibilizers, namely poly acrylic acid (PAA) 2 wt% and maleic anhydirde (MAH) 2 wt%. The composite samples were evaluated by in vitro assays and biodegradability tests were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For the in vitro analysis, osteogenic-induced stem cells were seeded onto the composite scaffold. An inverted optical microscope with computerised image analysis system was used to obtain data regarding cell attachment and contact characteristics after seeding for 48 h. Results showed that the PLA–HA-based composites did not induce adverse reactions from the cells, which in addition to their bone-matching mechanical properties makes them promising materials for bone scaffold applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahida Begum
- Associate Professor, Centre for Advanced Materials, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. N. M. Ansari
- Senior Lecturer Centre for Advanced Materials, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Enamul Hoque
- Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Sharen Aini
- Researcher, Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. H. Ng
- Researcher, Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B. H. I. Ruszymah
- Professor, Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vanderleyden E, Van Bael S, Chai Y, Kruth JP, Schrooten J, Dubruel P. Gelatin functionalised porous titanium alloy implants for orthopaedic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Calderoni DR, Gilioli R, Munhoz ALJ, Maciel Filho R, Zavaglia CADC, Lambert CS, Lopes ÉSN, Toro IFC, Kharmandayan P. Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:579-87. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400150005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Yang J, Chen HJ, Zhu XD, Vaidya S, Xiang Z, Fan YJ, Zhang XD. Enhanced repair of a critical-sized segmental bone defect in rabbit femur by surface microstructured porous titanium. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1747-1756. [PMID: 24668271 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of load-bearing bone defects remains a challenge in the field of orthopaedic surgery. In the current study, a surface microstructured porous titanium (STPT) successively treated with H2O2/TaCl5 solution and simulated body fluid was used to repair the critical-sized segmental bone defects in rabbit femur, and non-treated porous titanium (NTPT) and porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (PBCP) were used as control, respectively. A 15 mm long implant was positioned in the femoral defect and stabilized by a plate and screws fixation. After implantation into the body for 1, 3 and 6 months, X-ray observation confirmed that porous titanium groups (NTPT and STPT) provided better mechanical support than PBCP group at the early stage. However, there was no obvious difference in the formed bony callus between PBCP and STPT groups in the later stage, and they both showed better shape of bony callus than NTPT group. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis for the samples of 6-month implantation demonstrated that more new bone formed in the inner pores of PBCP and STPT groups than that in NTPT group. Moreover, the biomechanical tests revealed that STPT group could bear larger compressive load than NTPT and PBCP groups, almost reaching the level of the normal rabbit femur. STPT exhibited the enhanced repairing effect on the critical-sized segmental bone defect in rabbit femur, meaning that it could be an ideal material for the repair of large bone defect in load-bearing site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Electrophoretic deposition of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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