1
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Zhu Z, Wu R, Luo M, Zeng L, Zhang D, Hu N, Hu Y, Li Y. Two-Dimensional Deep Learning Frameworks for Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3316-3326. [PMID: 38842187 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The identification of drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains a pressing challenge with far-reaching clinical and economic ramifications, often leading to patient harm and resource-intensive drug recalls. Current methodologies, including in vivo and in vitro models, have severe limitations in accurate identification of cardiotoxic substances. Pioneering a paradigm shift from these conventional techniques, our study presents two deep learning-based frameworks, STFT-CNN and SST-CNN, to assess cardiotoxicity with markedly improved accuracy and reliability. Leveraging the power of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as a more human-relevant cell model, we record mechanical beating signals through impedance measurements. These temporal signals were converted into enriched two-dimensional representations through advanced transformation techniques, specifically short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and synchro-squeezing transform (SST). These transformed data are fed into the proposed frameworks for comprehensive analysis, including drug type classification, concentration classification, cardiotoxicity classification, and new drug identification. Compared to traditional models like recurrent neural network (RNN) and 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), SST-CNN delivered an impressive test accuracy of 98.55% in drug type classification and 99% in distinguishing cardiotoxic and noncardiotoxic drugs. Its feasibility is further highlighted with a stellar 98.5% average accuracy for classification of various concentrations, and the superiority of our proposed frameworks underscores their promise in revolutionizing drug safety assessments. With a potential for scalability, they represent a major leap in drug safety assessments, offering a pathway to more robust, efficient, and human-relevant cardiotoxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ruochen Wu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ma Luo
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Diming Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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2
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Sun H, Kim DS, Shanmugasundaram A, Kim JY, Kim ES, Lee BK, Lee DW. Enhancing cardiomyocytes contraction force measuring in drug testing: Integration of a highly sensitive single-crystal silicon strain sensor into SU-8 cantilevers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115756. [PMID: 37898097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient tools for predicting drug-induced cardiotoxicity in the preclinical phase would greatly benefit the drug development process. This study presents an SU-8 cantilever integrated with a single-crystal silicon strain sensor to enhance force sensitivity in toxicity screening methods based on changes in the contraction force of cardiomyocytes. The proposed cantilever device enables real-time measurements of cardiomyocytes contraction force with high sensitivity, thereby facilitating the assessment of drug cardiotoxicity. The experimental results obtained herein demonstrate the responsiveness of the proposed platform in detecting forces smaller than 0.02 μN with a force sensitivity that is nearly 17 times higher than those of conventional metal-based strain sensors. Moreover, the integration of strain sensors demonstrates the potential for manufacturing cantilever arrays that can be used in high-throughput screening applications. The developed methodology successfully facilitates in vitro culturing of cardiomyocytes and allows for continuous monitoring of their contraction force. The practical applicability of the proposed platform is further validated through cardiotoxicity analysis. The cultured cardiomyocytes are treated with two cardiovascular drugs, namely verapamil (an L-type calcium channel blocker) and isoproterenol (a sympathomimetic drug targeting β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors), to analyze the drug induced effects in the cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju, 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunkumar Shanmugasundaram
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zips S, Huang B, Hotte S, Hiendlmeier L, Wang C, Rajamani K, Buriez O, Al Boustani G, Chen Y, Wolfrum B, Yamada A. Aerosol Jet-Printed High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Needle Electrode Arrays Applied for Human Cerebral Organoids and 3D Neurospheroid Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37469180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The human brain is a complex and poorly accessible organ. Thus, new tools are required for studying the neural function in a controllable environment that preserves multicellular interaction and neuronal wiring. In particular, high-throughput methods that alleviate the need for animal experiments are essential for future studies. Recent developments of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies have enabled in vitro modeling of the human brain by creating three-dimensional brain tissue mimic structures. To leverage these new technologies, a systematic and versatile approach for evaluating neuronal activity at larger tissue depths within the regime of tens to hundreds of micrometers is required. Here, we present an aerosol-jet- and inkjet-printing-based method to fabricate microelectrode arrays, equipped with high-aspect ratio μ-needle electrodes that penetrate 3D neural network assemblies. The arrays have been successfully applied for electrophysiological recordings on interconnected neurospheroids formed on an engineered substrate and on cerebral organoids, both derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zips
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Boxin Huang
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Salammbô Hotte
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lukas Hiendlmeier
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karthyayani Rajamani
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - George Al Boustani
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ayako Yamada
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Kopeć K, Podgórski R, Ciach T, Wojasiński M. System for Patterning Polydopamine and VAPG Peptide on Polytetrafluoroethylene and Biodegradable Polyesters for Patterned Growth of Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22055-22066. [PMID: 37360448 PMCID: PMC10285958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial's surface functionalization for selective adhesion and patterned cell growth remains essential in developing novel implantable medical devices for regenerative medicine applications. We built and applied a 3D-printed microfluidic device to fabricate polydopamine (PDA) patterns on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(l-lactic acid-co-D,l-lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Then, we covalently attached the Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VAPG) peptide to the created PDA pattern to promote the adhesion of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We proved that the fabrication of PDA patterns allows for the selective adhesion of mouse fibroblast and human SMCs to PDA-patterned surfaces after only 30 min of in vitro cultivation. After 7 days of SMC culture, we observed the proliferation of cells only along the patterns on PTFE but over the entire surface of the PLA and PLGA, regardless of patterning. This means that the presented approach is beneficial for application to materials resistant to cell adhesion and proliferation. The additional attachment of the VAPG peptide to the PDA patterns did not bring measurable benefits due to the high increase in adhesion and patterned cell proliferation by PDA itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kopeć
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw
University of Technology, CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Yang W, Ouyang Q, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Fan M, Liao Y, Guo X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hu N, Zhang D. A biosensing system employing nonlinear dynamic analysis-assisted neural network for drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114923. [PMID: 36455375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical investigation of drug-induced cardiotoxicity is of importance for drug development. To evaluate such cardiotoxicity, in vitro high-throughput interdigitated electrode-based recording of cardiomyocytes mechanical beating is widely used. To automatically analyze the features from the beating signals for drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment, artificial neural network analysis is conventionally employed and signals are segmented into cycles and feature points are located in the cycles. However, signal segmentation and location of feature points for different signal shapes require design of specific algorithms. Consequently, this may lower the efficiency of research and the applications of such algorithms in signals with different morphologies are limited. Here, we present a biosensing system that employs nonlinear dynamic analysis-assisted neural network (NDANN) to avoid the signal segmentation process and directly extract features from beating signal time series. By processing beating time series with fixed time duration to avoid the signal segmentation process, this NDANN-based biosensing system can identify drug-induced cardiotoxicity with accuracy over 0.99. The individual drugs were classified with high accuracies over 0.94 and drug-induced cardiotoxicity levels were accurately predicted. We also evaluated the generalization performance of the NDANN-based biosensing system in assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity through an independent dataset. This system achieved accuracy of 0.85-0.95 for different drug concentrations in identification of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. This result demonstrates that our NDANN-based biosensing system has the capacity of screening newly developed drugs, which is crucial in practical applications. This NDANN-based biosensing system can work as a new screening platform for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and improve the efficiency of bio-signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ouyang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Target and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, School of Computer & Computing Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China; School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Minzhi Fan
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ning Hu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China; Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Diming Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
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6
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Cardio PyMEA: A user-friendly, open-source Python application for cardiomyocyte microelectrode array analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266647. [PMID: 35617323 PMCID: PMC9135279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Open source analytical software for the analysis of electrophysiological cardiomyocyte data offers a variety of new functionalities to complement closed-source, proprietary tools. Here, we present the Cardio PyMEA application, a free, modifiable, and open source program for the analysis of microelectrode array (MEA) data obtained from cardiomyocyte cultures. Major software capabilities include: beat detection; pacemaker origin estimation; beat amplitude and interval; local activation time, upstroke velocity, and conduction velocity; analysis of cardiomyocyte property-distance relationships; and robust power law analysis of pacemaker spatiotemporal instability. Cardio PyMEA was written entirely in Python 3 to provide an accessible, integrated workflow that possesses a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) written in PyQt5 to allow for performant, cross-platform utilization. This application makes use of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles to facilitate the relatively straightforward incorporation of custom functionalities, e.g. power law analysis, that suit the needs of the user. Cardio PyMEA is available as an open source application under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). The source code for Cardio PyMEA can be downloaded from Github at the following repository: https://github.com/csdunhamUC/cardio_pymea.
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7
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Novel Quick Cell Patterning Using Light-Responsive Gas-Generating Polymer and Fluorescence Microscope. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020320. [PMID: 35208444 PMCID: PMC8875422 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cell patterning methods are mainly based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic differences or chemical coating for cell adhesion/non-adhesion with wavering strength as it varies with the substrate surface conditions, including the cell type and the extracellular matrix components (ECMs) coating; thus, the versatility and stability of cell patterning methods must be improved. In this study, we propose a new cell patterning method using a light-responsive gas-generating polymer (LGP) and a conventional fluorescence microscope. Herein, cells and cellular tissues are easily released from the substrate surface by the nitrogen gas bubbles generated from LGP by the excitation light for fluorescence observation without harming the cells. The LGP-implanted chip was fabricated by packing LGP into a polystyrene (PS) microarray chip with a concave pattern. HeLa cells were spread on the LGP-implanted chips coated with three different ECMs (fibronectin, collagen, and poly-D-lysine), and all HeLa cells on the three LGP patterns were released. The pattern error between the LGP pattern and the remaining HeLa cells was 8.81 ± 4.24 μm, less than single-cell size. In addition, the LGP-implanted chip method can be applied to millimeter-scale patterns, with less than 30 s required for cell patterning. Therefore, the proposed method is a simple and rapid cell patterning method with high cell patterning accuracy of less than the cell size error, high scalability, versatility, and stability unaffected by the cell type or the ECM coating.
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8
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Petersen AP, McCain ML. Quantifying Propagation Velocity from Engineered Cardiac Tissues with High-Speed Fluorescence Microscopy and Automated Analysis Software. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2485:133-145. [PMID: 35618903 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2261-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many acquired or inherited forms of heart disease as well as drugs are known to increase the susceptibility of patients to arrhythmias. To predict arrhythmogenic events and discover new therapeutic strategies to mitigate them, approaches to efficiently quantify the velocity of propagation in engineered cardiac tissues are important research tools. In this chapter, we describe how to collect videos of propagating calcium waves in engineered cardiac tissues with a high-speed camera mounted on an inverted fluorescence microscope. We also provide instructions for downloading and using our software package to analyze these videos and calculate propagation velocity. These techniques should be compatible with a variety of voltage- or calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes or genetically encoded sensors. Although these approaches were originally developed for engineered neonatal rat cardiac tissues, the same procedures can likely be used with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, paving the way for patient-specific analysis of propagation due to features such as tissue architecture, substrate rigidity, genetic mutations, or drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Ji J, Ren X, Zorlutuna P. Cardiac Cell Patterning on Customized Microelectrode Arrays for Electrophysiological Recordings. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111351. [PMID: 34832763 PMCID: PMC8619285 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) and fibroblast cells are two essential elements for cardiac tissue structure and function. The interactions between them can alter cardiac electrophysiology and thus contribute to cardiac diseases, such as arrhythmogenesis. One possible explanation is that fibroblasts can directly affect cardiac electrophysiology through electrical coupling with CMs. Therefore, detecting the electrical activities in the CM-fibroblast network is vital for understanding the coupling dynamics among them. Current commercialized platforms for studying cardiac electrophysiology utilize planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to record the extracellular field potential (FP) in real-time, but the prearranged electrode configuration highly limits the measurement capabilities at specific locations. Here, we report a custom-designed MEA device with a novel micropatterning method to construct a controlled network of neonatal rat CMs (rCMs) and fibroblast connections for monitoring the electrical activity of rCM-fibroblast co-cultures in a spatially controlled fashion. For the micropatterning of the co-culture, surface topographical features and mobile blockers were used to control the initial attachment locations of a mixture of rCMs and fibroblasts, to form separate beating rCM-fibroblast clusters while leaving empty space for fibroblast growth to connect these clusters. Once the blockers are removed, the proliferating fibroblasts connect and couple the separate beating clusters. Using this method, electrical activity of both rCMs and human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) was examined. The coupling dynamics were studied through the extracellular FP and impedance profile recorded from the MEA device, indicating that the fibroblast bridge provided an RC-type coupling of physically separate rCM-containing clusters and enabled synchronization of these clusters.
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10
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Okamoto M, Shimba K, Kamono A, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Initiation and termination of reentry-like activity in rat cardiomyocytes cultured in a microelectrode array. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:117-122. [PMID: 34487889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac reentry is a lethal arrhythmia associated with cardiac diseases. Although arrhythmias are reported to be due to localized propagation abnormalities, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the initiation and termination of reentry. This is primarily because of a lack of an appropriate experimental system in which activity pattern switches between reentry and normal beating can be investigated. In this study, we aimed to develop a culture system for measuring the spatial dynamics of reentry-like activity during its onset and termination. Rat cardiomyocytes were seeded in microelectrode arrays and purified with a glucose-free culture medium to generate a culture with a heterogeneous cell density. Reentry-like activity was recorded in purified cardiomyocytes, but not in the controls. Reentry-like activity occurred by a unidirectional conduction block after shortening of the inter-beat interval. Furthermore, reentry-like activity was terminated after propagation with a conduction delay of less than 300 ms, irrespective of whether the propagation pattern changed or not. These results indicate that a simple purification process is sufficient to induce reentry-like activity. In the future, a more detailed evaluation of spatial dynamics will contribute to the development of effective treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okamoto
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimba
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kamono
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kotani
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Jimbo
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Graham ES, Unsworth CP. Superior galvanostatic electrochemical deposition of platinum nanograss provides high performance planar microelectrodes for in vitroneural recording. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34371484 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1bc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Platinum nanograss (Ptng) has been demonstrated as an excellent coating to increase the electrode roughness and reduce the impedance of microelectrodes for neural recording. However, the optimisation of the original potentiostatic electrochemical deposition (PSED) method has been performed by the original group only and noin vitrovalidation of functionality was reported.Approach.This study firstly reinvestigates the use of the PSED method for Ptng coating at different charge densities which highlights non-uniformities in the edges of the microelectrodes for increasing deposition charge densities, leading to a decreased impedance which is in fact an artefact. We then introduce a novel Ptng fabrication method of galvanostatic electrochemical deposition (GSED).Main results.We demonstrate that the GSED deposition method also significantly reduces the electrode impedance, raises the charge storage capacity and provides a significantly more planar electrode surface in comparison to the PSED method with negligible edge effects. In addition, we demonstrate how high-quality neural recordings were performed, for the first time, using the Ptng GSED deposition microelectrodes from human hNT neurons and how spiking and bursting were observed.Significance.Thus, the GSED Ptng deposition method presented here provides an alternative method of microelectrode fabrication for neural applications with excellent impedance and planarity of surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles P Unsworth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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Grob L, Rinklin P, Zips S, Mayer D, Weidlich S, Terkan K, Weiß LJK, Adly N, Offenhäusser A, Wolfrum B. Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3981. [PMID: 34207725 PMCID: PMC8229631 DOI: 10.3390/s21123981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations into cardiac or nervous tissues call for systems that are able to electrically record in 3D as opposed to 2D. Typically, challenging microfabrication steps are required to produce 3D microelectrode arrays capable of recording at the desired position within the tissue of interest. As an alternative, additive manufacturing is becoming a versatile platform for rapidly prototyping novel sensors with flexible geometric design. In this work, 3D MEAs for cell-culture applications were fabricated using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. The aspect ratio and height of the printed 3D electrodes were user-defined by adjusting the number of deposited droplets of silver nanoparticle ink along with a continuous printing method and an appropriate drop-to-drop delay. The Ag 3D MEAs were later electroplated with Au and Pt in order to reduce leakage of potentially cytotoxic silver ions into the cellular medium. The functionality of the array was confirmed using impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and recordings of extracellular potentials from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Grob
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Sabine Zips
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.W.); (A.O.)
| | - Sabrina Weidlich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.W.); (A.O.)
| | - Korkut Terkan
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Lennart J. K. Weiß
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Nouran Adly
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.W.); (A.O.)
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.G.); (P.R.); (S.Z.); (K.T.); (L.J.K.W.); (N.A.)
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13
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Yip JK, Sarkar D, Petersen AP, Gipson JN, Tao J, Kale S, Rexius-Hall ML, Cho N, Khalil NN, Kapadia R, McCain ML. Contact photolithography-free integration of patterned and semi-transparent indium tin oxide stimulation electrodes into polydimethylsiloxane-based heart-on-a-chip devices for streamlining physiological recordings. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:674-687. [PMID: 33439202 PMCID: PMC7968549 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled electrical stimulation is essential for evaluating the physiology of cardiac tissues engineered in heart-on-a-chip devices. However, existing stimulation techniques, such as external platinum electrodes or opaque microelectrode arrays patterned on glass substrates, have limited throughput, reproducibility, or compatibility with other desirable features of heart-on-a-chip systems, such as the use of tunable culture substrates, imaging accessibility, or enclosure in a microfluidic device. In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO), a conductive, semi-transparent, and biocompatible material, was deposited onto glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated coverslips as parallel or point stimulation electrodes using laser-cut tape masks. ITO caused substrate discoloration but did not prevent brightfield imaging. ITO-patterned substrates were microcontact printed with arrayed lines of fibronectin and seeded with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, which assembled into aligned cardiac tissues. ITO deposited as parallel or point electrodes was connected to an external stimulator and used to successfully stimulate micropatterned cardiac tissues to generate calcium transients or propagating calcium waves, respectively. ITO electrodes were also integrated into the cantilever-based muscular thin film (MTF) assay to stimulate and quantify the contraction of micropatterned cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the potential for multiple ITO electrodes to be integrated into larger, multiplexed systems, two sets of ITO electrodes were deposited onto a single substrate and used to stimulate the contraction of distinct micropatterned cardiac tissues independently. Collectively, these approaches for integrating ITO electrodes into heart-on-a-chip devices are relatively facile, modular, and scalable and could have diverse applications in microphysiological systems of excitable tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn K Yip
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Debarghya Sarkar
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Gipson
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jun Tao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Salil Kale
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Megan L Rexius-Hall
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Nathan Cho
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Natalie N Khalil
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Rehan Kapadia
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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14
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Ordoño J, Del Valle LJ, Pérez-Amodio S, Engel E, Alemán C. Tuning multilayered polymeric self-standing films for controlled release of L-lactate by electrical stimulation. J Control Release 2021; 330:669-683. [PMID: 33388340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We examine different approaches for the controlled release of L-lactate, which is a signaling molecule that participates in tissue remodeling and regeneration, such as cardiac and muscle tissue. Robust, flexible, and self-supported 3-layers films made of two spin-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) layers separated by an electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer, are used as loading and delivery systems. Films with outer layers prepared using homochiral PLA and with nanoperforations of diameter 146 ± 70 experience more bulk erosion, which also contributes to the release of L-lactic acid, than those obtained using heterochiral PLA and with nanoperforations of diameter 66 ± 24. Moreover, the release of L-lactic acid as degradation product is accelerated by applying biphasic electrical pulses. The four approaches used for loading extra L-lactate in the 3-layered films were: incorporation of L-lactate at the intermediate PEDOT layer as primary dopant agent using (1) organic or (2) basic water solutions as reaction media; (3) substitution at the PEDOT layer of the ClO4- dopant by L-lactate using de-doping and re-doping processes; and (4) loading of L-lactate at the outer PLA layers during the spin-coating process. Electrical stimuli were applied considering biphasic voltage pulses and constant voltages (both negative and positive). Results indicate that the approach used to load the L-lactate has a very significant influence in the release regulation process, affecting the concentration of released L-lactate up to two orders of magnitude. Among the tested approaches, the one based on the utilization of the outer layers for loading, approach (4), can be proposed for situations requiring prolonged and sustained L-lactate release over time. The biocompatibility and suitability of the engineered films for cardiac tissue engineering has also been confirmed using cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. C, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ordoño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. C, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. C, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Glieberman AL, Pope BD, Melton DA, Parker KK. Building Biomimetic Potency Tests for Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2021; 70:347-363. [PMID: 33472944 PMCID: PMC7881865 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease of insulin insufficiency, requiring many to rely on exogenous insulin with constant monitoring to avoid a fatal outcome. Islet transplantation is a recent therapy that can provide insulin independence, but the procedure is still limited by both the availability of human islets and reliable tests to assess their function. While stem cell technologies are poised to fill the shortage of transplantable cells, better methods are still needed for predicting transplantation outcome. To ensure islet quality, we propose that the next generation of islet potency tests should be biomimetic systems that match glucose stimulation dynamics and cell microenvironmental preferences and rapidly assess conditional and continuous insulin secretion with minimal manual handing. Here, we review the current approaches for islet potency testing and outline technologies and methods that can be used to arrive at a more predictive potency test that tracks islet secretory capacity in a relevant context. With the development of potency tests that can report on islet secretion dynamics in a context relevant to their intended function, islet transplantation can expand into a more widely accessible and reliable treatment option for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Glieberman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
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16
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Wei X, Zhuang L, Li H, He C, Wan H, Hu N, Wang P. Advances in Multidimensional Cardiac Biosensing Technologies: From Electrophysiology to Mechanical Motion and Contractile Force. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005828. [PMID: 33230867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently a leading killer to human, while drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains the main cause of the withdrawal and attrition of drugs. Taking clinical correlation and throughput into account, cardiomyocyte is perfect as in vitro cardiac model for heart disease modeling, drug discovery, and cardiotoxicity assessment by accurately measuring the physiological multiparameters of cardiomyocytes. Remarkably, cardiomyocytes present both electrophysiological and biomechanical characteristics due to the unique excitation-contraction coupling, which plays a significant role in studying the cardiomyocytes. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances of biosensing technologies for the 2D and 3D cardiac models with three special properties: electrophysiology, mechanical motion, and contractile force. These high-performance multidimensional cardiac models are popular and effective to rebuild and mimic the heart in vitro. To help understand the high-quality and accurate physiologies, related detection techniques are highly demanded, from microtechnology to nanotechnology, from extracellular to intracellular recording, from multiple cells to single cell, and from planar to 3D models. Furthermore, the characteristics, advantages, limitations, and applications of these cardiac biosensing technologies, as well as the future development prospects should contribute to the systematization and expansion of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanjiang He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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17
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Intracellular recording of cardiomyocyte action potentials by nanobranched microelectrode array. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Li J, Hua Y, Miyagawa S, Zhang J, Li L, Liu L, Sawa Y. hiPSC-Derived Cardiac Tissue for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8893. [PMID: 33255277 PMCID: PMC7727666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant, predictive normal, or disease model systems are of vital importance for drug development. The difference between nonhuman models and humans could contribute to clinical trial failures despite ideal nonhuman results. As a potential substitute for animal models, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) provide a powerful tool for drug toxicity screening, modeling cardiovascular diseases, and drug discovery. Here, we review recent hiPSC-CM disease models and discuss the features of hiPSC-CMs, including subtype and maturation and the tissue engineering technologies for drug assessment. Updates from the international multisite collaborators/administrations for development of novel drug discovery paradigms are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Cell Design for Tissue Construction, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (J.Z.); (L.L.)
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19
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Oleaga C, Bridges LR, Persaud K, McAleer CW, Long CJ, Hickman JJ. A functional long-term 2D serum-free human hepatic in vitro system for drug evaluation. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3069. [PMID: 32829524 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human in vitro hepatic models generate faster drug toxicity data with higher human predictability compared to animal models. However, for long-term studies, current models require the use of serum and 3D architecture, limiting their utility. Maintaining a functional long-term human in vitro hepatic culture that avoids complex structures and serum would improve the value of such systems for preclinical studies. This would also enable a more straightforward integration with current multi-organ devices to study human systemic toxicity to generate an alternative model to chronic animal evaluations. A human primary hepatocyte culture system was characterized for 28 days in 2D and serum-free defined conditions. Under the studied conditions, human primary hepatocytes maintained their characteristic morphology, hepatic markers and functions for 28 days. The acute and chronic administration of known drugs validated the sensitivity of the system for drug testing. This human 2D model represents a realistic system to evaluate hepatic function for long-term drug studies, without the need of animal serum, confounding variable in most models, and with less complexity and resultant cost compared to most 3D models. The defined culture conditions can easily be integrated into complex multi-organ in vitro models for studying systemic effects driven by the liver function for long-term evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - L Richard Bridges
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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20
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Sasserath T, Rumsey JW, McAleer CW, Bridges LR, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Schuler F, Roth A, Bertinetti‐LaPatki C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Differential Monocyte Actuation in a Three-Organ Functional Innate Immune System-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000323. [PMID: 32670763 PMCID: PMC7341107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A functional, human, multiorgan, pumpless, immune system-on-a-chip featuring recirculating THP-1 immune cells with cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and liver in separate compartments in a serum-free medium is developed. This in vitro platform can emulate both a targeted immune response to tissue-specific damage, and holistic proinflammatory immune response to proinflammatory compound exposure. The targeted response features fluorescently labeled THP-1 monocytes selectively infiltrating into an amiodarone-damaged cardiac module and changes in contractile force measurements without immune-activated damage to the other organ modules. In contrast to the targeted immune response, general proinflammatory treatment of immune human-on-a-chip systems with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) causes nonselective damage to cells in all three-organ compartments. Biomarker analysis indicates upregulation of the proinflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES in response to LPS + IFN-γ treatment indicative of the M1 macrophage phenotype, whereas amiodarone treatment only leads to an increase in the restorative cytokine IL-6 which is a marker for the M2 phenotype. This system can be used as an alternative to humanized animal models to determine direct immunological effects of biological therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies, and the indirect effects caused by cytokine release from target tissues in response to a drug's pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - John W. Rumsey
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | | | | | - James J. Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400OrlandoFL32826USA
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21
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Desbiolles BXE, Hannebelle MTM, de Coulon E, Bertsch A, Rohr S, Fantner GE, Renaud P. Volcano-Shaped Scanning Probe Microscopy Probe for Combined Force-Electrogram Recordings from Excitable Cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4520-4529. [PMID: 32426984 PMCID: PMC7291358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy based approaches have led to remarkable advances in the field of mechanobiology. However, linking the mechanical cues to biological responses requires complementary techniques capable of recording these physiological characteristics. In this study, we present an instrument for combined optical, force, and electrical measurements based on a novel type of scanning probe microscopy cantilever composed of a protruding volcano-shaped nanopatterned microelectrode (nanovolcano probe) at the tip of a suspended microcantilever. This probe enables simultaneous force and electrical recordings from single cells. Successful impedance measurements on mechanically stimulated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in situ were achieved using these nanovolcano probes. Furthermore, proof of concept experiments demonstrated that extracellular field potentials (electrogram) together with contraction displacement curves could simultaneously be recorded. These features render the nanovolcano probe especially suited for mechanobiological studies aiming at linking mechanical stimuli to electrophysiological responses of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. X. E. Desbiolles
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - M. T. M Hannebelle
- Laboratory
of Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - E. de Coulon
- Laboratory
of Cellular Optics II, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - A. Bertsch
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - S. Rohr
- Laboratory
of Cellular Optics II, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - G. E. Fantner
- Laboratory
of Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - P. Renaud
- Laboratory
of Microsystems LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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22
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Ji X, Fang P, Xu B, Xie K, Yue H, Luo X, Wang Z, Zhao X, Shi P. Biohybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Label-Free Pharmacological Fingerprinting in Cardiomyocytes. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4043-4050. [PMID: 32338928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of new drugs requires high-throughput and cost-effective pharmacological assessment in relevant biological models. Here, we introduce a novel pharmacological screening platform that combines a biohybrid triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and informatic analysis for self-powered, noninvasive, and label-free biosensing in cardiac cells. The cyclic mechanical activity of functional cardiomyocytes is dynamically captured by a specially designed biohybrid TENG device and is analyzed by a custom-made machine learning algorithm to reveal distinctive fingerprints in response to different pharmacological treatment. The core of the TENG device is a multilayer mesh substrate with microscale-gapped triboelectric layers, which are induced to generate electrical outputs by the characteristic motion of cardiomyocytes upon pharmaceutical treatment. Later bioinformatic extraction from the recorded TENG signal is sufficient to predict a drug's identity and efficacy, demonstrating the great potential of this platform as a biocompatible, low-cost, and highly sensitive drug screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peilin Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 511434, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haibing Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Alassaf A, Tansik G, Mayo V, Wubker L, Carbonero D, Agarwal A. Engineering anisotropic cardiac monolayers on microelectrode arrays for non-invasive analyses of electrophysiological properties. Analyst 2020; 145:139-149. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cardiac tissues with physiological architectural and mechanical properties on microelectrode arrays enables long term culture and non-invasive collection of electrophysiological readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology
| | - Gulistan Tansik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Vera Mayo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Laura Wubker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Daniel Carbonero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami
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24
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Soucy JR, Askaryan J, Diaz D, Koppes AN, Annabi N, Koppes RA. Glial cells influence cardiac permittivity as evidenced through in vitro and in silico models. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015014. [PMID: 31593932 PMCID: PMC11062241 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab4c0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in the heart has, until recently, been solely accredited to cardiomyocytes. The inherent complexities of the heart make it difficult to examine non-muscle contributions to contraction in vivo, and conventional in vitro models fail to capture multiple features and cellular heterogeneity of the myocardium. Here, we report on the development of a 3D cardiac μTissue to investigate changes in the cellular composition of native myocardium in vitro. Cells are encapsulated within micropatterned gelatin-based hydrogels formed via visible light photocrosslinking. This system enables spatial control of the microarchitecture, perturbation of the cellular composition, and functional measures of EC coupling via video microscopy and a custom algorithm to quantify beat frequency and degree of coordination. To demonstrate the robustness of these tools and evaluate the impact of altered cell population densities on cardiac μTissues, contractility and cell morphology were assessed with the inclusion of exogenous non-myelinating Schwann cells (SCs). Results demonstrate that the addition of exogenous SCs alter cardiomyocyte EC, profoundly inhibiting the response to electrical pacing. Computational modeling of connexin-mediated coupling suggests that SCs impact cardiomyocyte resting potential and rectification following depolarization. Cardiac μTissues hold potential for examining the role of cellular heterogeneity in heart health, pathologies, and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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25
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Coln EA, Colon A, Long CJ, Sriram NN, Esch M, Prot JM, Elbrecht DH, Wang Y, Jackson M, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Piezoelectric BioMEMS Cantilever for Measurement of Muscle Contraction and for Actuation of Mechanosensitive Cells. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 9:1186-1192. [PMID: 33777497 PMCID: PMC7995331 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2019.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A piezoelectric biomedical microelectromechanical system (bioMEMS) cantilever device was designed and fabricated to act as either a sensing element for muscle tissue contraction or as an actuator to apply mechanical force to cells. The sensing ability of the piezoelectric cantilevers was shown by monitoring the electrical signal generated from the piezoelectric aluminum nitride in response to the contraction of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes cultured on the piezoelectric cantilevers. Actuation was demonstrated by applying electrical pulses to the piezoelectric cantilever and observing bending via an optical detection method. This piezoelectric cantilever device was designed to be incorporated into body-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Coln
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4328 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Alisha Colon
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | | | - Mandy Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jean-Matthieu Prot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daniel H. Elbrecht
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Max Jackson
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - James J. Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4328 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
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26
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Wan H, Gu C, Gan Y, Wei X, Zhu K, Hu N, Wang P. Sensor-free and Sensor-based Heart-on-a-chip Platform: A Review of Design and Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5375-5385. [PMID: 30734671 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190207170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug efficacy and toxicity are key factors of drug development. Conventional 2D cell models or animal models have their limitations for the efficacy or toxicity assessment in preclinical assays, which induce the failure of candidate drugs or withdrawal of approved drugs. Human organs-on-chips (OOCs) emerged to present human-specific properties based on their 3D bioinspired structures and functions in the recent decade. In this review, the basic definition and superiority of OOCs will be introduced. Moreover, a specific OOC, heart-on-achip (HOC) will be focused. We introduce HOC modeling in the sensor-free and sensor-based way and illustrate the advantages of sensor-based HOC in detail by taking examples of recent studies. We provide a new perspective on the integration of HOC technology and biosensing to develop a new sensor-based HOC platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chenlei Gu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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27
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Zips S, Grob L, Rinklin P, Terkan K, Adly NY, Weiß LJK, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. Fully Printed μ-Needle Electrode Array from Conductive Polymer Ink for Bioelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32778-32786. [PMID: 31424902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used platforms in bioelectronics to study electrogenic cells. In recent years, the processing of conductive polymers for the fabrication of three-dimensional electrode arrays has gained increasing interest for the development of novel sensor designs. Here, additive manufacturing techniques are promising tools for the production of MEAs with three-dimensional electrodes. In this work, a facile additive manufacturing process for the fabrication of MEAs that feature needle-like electrode tips, so-called μ-needles, is presented. To this end, an aerosol-jet compatible PEDOT:PSS and multiwalled carbon nanotube composite ink with a conductivity of 323 ± 75 S m-1 is developed and used in a combined inkjet and aerosol-jet printing process to produce the μ-needle electrode features. The μ-needles are fabricated with a diameter of 10 ± 2 μm and a height of 33 ± 4 μm. They penetrate an inkjet-printed dielectric layer to a height of 12 ± 3 μm. After successful printing, the electrochemical properties of the devices are assessed via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The μ-needles show a capacitance of 242 ± 70 nF at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 and an impedance of 128 ± 22 kΩ at 1 kHz frequency. The stability of the μ-needle MEAs in aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated and the devices are used to record extracellular signals from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells. This proof-of-principle experiment shows the μ-needle MEAs' cell-culture compatibility and functional integrity to investigate electrophysiological signals from living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zips
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Leroy Grob
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Korkut Terkan
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Nouran Yehia Adly
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lennart Jakob Konstantin Weiß
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
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28
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Oleaga C, Jalilvand G, Legters G, Martin C, Ekman G, McAleer CW, Long CJ, Hickman JJ. A human in vitro platform for the evaluation of pharmacology strategies in cardiac ischemia. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:036103. [PMID: 31431939 PMCID: PMC6692160 DOI: 10.1063/1.5089237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemic events increase the risk for arrhythmia, heart attack, heart failure, and death and are the leading mortality condition globally. Reperfusion therapy is the first line of treatment for this condition, and although it significantly reduces mortality, cardiac ischemia remains a significant threat. New therapeutic strategies are under investigation to improve the ischemia survival rate; however, the current preclinical models to validate these fail to predict the human outcome. We report the development of a functional human cardiac in vitro system for the study of conduction velocity under ischemic conditions. The system is a bioMEMs platform formed by human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes patterned on microelectrode arrays and maintained in serum-free conditions. Electrical activity changes of conduction velocity, beat frequency, and QT interval (the QT-interval measures the period from onset of depolarization to the completion of repolarization) or action potential length can be evaluated over time and under the stress of ischemia. The optimized protocol induces >80% reduction in conduction velocity, after a 4 h depletion period, and a partial recovery after 72 h of oxygen and nutrient reintroduction. The sensitivity of the platform for pharmacological interventions was challenged with a gap junction modulator (ZP1609), known to prevent or delay the depression of conduction velocity induced by ischemic metabolic stress. ZP1609 significantly improved the drastic drop in conduction velocity and enabled a greater recovery. This model represents a new preclinical platform for studying cardiac ischemia with human cells, which does not rely on biomarker analysis and has the potential for screening novel cardioprotective drugs with readouts that are closer to the measured clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Golareh Jalilvand
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Gregg Legters
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | | | | | - James J. Hickman
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 407-823-1925
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29
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Tahrir FG, Gordon J, Feldman AM, Cheung J, Khalili K, Ahooyi TM. Evidence for the impact of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity of primary culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18371-18381. [PMID: 30932190 PMCID: PMC6830737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of proteins involved in contractility of individual cardiomyocytes and those coupling adjacent cells is of critical importance as any abnormalities in cardiac electrical conduction may result in cardiac irregular activity and heart failure. Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a stress-induced protein whose role in stabilizing myofibril proteins as well as protein quality control pathways, especially in the cardiac tissue, has captured much attention. Mutations of BAG3 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications such as dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, we have used an in vitro model of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to investigate potential impacts of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity by employing the microelectrode array (MEA) technology. Our MEA data showed that BAG3 plays an important role in the cardiac signal generation as reduced levels of BAG3 led to lower signal frequency and amplitude. Our analysis also revealed that BAG3 is essential to the signal propagation throughout the myocardium, as the MEA data-based conduction velocity, connectivity degree, activation time, and synchrony were adversely affected by BAG3 knockdown. Moreover, BAG3 deficiency was demonstrated to be connected with the emergence of independently beating clusters of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, BAG3 overexpression improved the activity of cardiomyocytes in terms of electrical signal amplitude and connectivity degree. Overall, by providing more in-depth analyses and characterization of electrophysiological parameters, this study reveals that BAG3 is of critical importance for electrical activity of neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G. Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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McAleer CW, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Sasserath T, Bridges LR, Rumsey JW, Martin C, Schnepper M, Wang Y, Schuler F, Roth AB, Funk C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-organ system for the evaluation of efficacy and off-target toxicity of anticancer therapeutics. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaav1386. [PMID: 31217335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pumpless, reconfigurable, multi-organ-on-a-chip system containing recirculating serum-free medium can be used to predict preclinical on-target efficacy, metabolic conversion, and measurement of off-target toxicity of drugs using functional biological microelectromechanical systems. In the first configuration of the system, primary human hepatocytes were cultured with two cancer-derived human bone marrow cell lines for antileukemia drug analysis in which diclofenac and imatinib demonstrated a cytostatic effect on bone marrow cancer proliferation. Liver viability was not affected by imatinib; however, diclofenac reduced liver viability by 30%. The second configuration housed a multidrug-resistant vulva cancer line, a non-multidrug-resistant breast cancer line, primary hepatocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Tamoxifen reduced viability of the breast cancer cells only after metabolite generation but did not affect the vulva cancer cells except when coadministered with verapamil, a permeability glycoprotein inhibitor. Both tamoxifen alone and coadministration with verapamil produced off-target cardiac effects as indicated by a reduction of contractile force, beat frequency, and conduction velocity but did not affect viability. These systems demonstrate the utility of a human cell-based in vitro culture system to evaluate both on-target efficacy and off-target toxicity for parent drugs and their metabolites; these systems can augment and reduce the use of animals and increase the efficiency of drug evaluations in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - L Richard Bridges
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - John W Rumsey
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mark Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Roth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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31
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Sharf T, Hansma PK, Hari MA, Kosik KS. Non-contact monitoring of extra-cellular field potentials with a multi-electrode array. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1448-1457. [PMID: 30887972 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing tools to enable non-invasive, high-throughput electrophysiology measurements of large functional-networks of electrogenic cells used as in vitro disease models for the heart and brain remains an outstanding challenge for preclinical drug discovery, where failures are costly and can prove to be fatal during clinical trials. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that it is possible to perform non-contact monitoring of extra-cellular field potentials with a multi-electrode array (MEA). To do this preliminary demonstration we built a prototype with a custom mechanical stage to micro-position cells grown on conventional glass coverslips over the recording surface of a MEA sensor. The prototype can monitor extra-cellular fields generated by multi-cellular networks in a non-contact configuration, enabling a single MEA sensor to probe different cultures in succession, without fouling or degrading its sensitive electronic surface. This first demonstration with easy to culture cardiomyocyte cells and a prototype device points to the exciting possibility for instrument development leading to more efficient and cost-effective drug screening paradigms for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Sharf
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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32
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Portillo-Lara R, Spencer AR, Walker BW, Shirzaei Sani E, Annabi N. Biomimetic cardiovascular platforms for in vitro disease modeling and therapeutic validation. Biomaterials 2019; 198:78-94. [PMID: 30201502 PMCID: PMC11044891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered tissues have become increasingly more sophisticated owing to recent advancements in the fields of biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, genetic engineering, and stem cell and developmental biology. In the coming years, the ability to engineer artificial constructs that accurately mimic the compositional, architectural, and functional properties of human tissues, will profoundly impact the therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of the healthcare industry. In this regard, bioengineered cardiac tissues are of particular importance due to the extremely limited ability of the myocardium to self-regenerate, as well as the remarkably high mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases worldwide. As novel microphysiological systems make the transition from bench to bedside, their implementation in high throughput drug screening, personalized diagnostics, disease modeling, and targeted therapy validation will bring forth a paradigm shift in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will review the current state of the art in experimental in vitro platforms for next generation diagnostics and therapy validation. We will describe recent advancements in the development of smart biomaterials, biofabrication techniques, and stem cell engineering, aimed at recapitulating cardiovascular function at the tissue- and organ levels. In addition, integrative and multidisciplinary approaches to engineer biomimetic cardiovascular constructs with unprecedented human and clinical relevance will be discussed. We will comment on the implementation of these platforms in high throughput drug screening, in vitro disease modeling and therapy validation. Lastly, future perspectives will be provided on how these biomimetic platforms will aid in the transition towards patient centered diagnostics, and the development of personalized targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Andrew R Spencer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Brian W Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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33
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Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Toroghi MK, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Korolj A, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 2019; 198:3-26. [PMID: 30343824 PMCID: PMC6397087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masood Khaksar Toroghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Oleaga C, Lavado A, Riu A, Rothemund S, Carmona-Moran CA, Persaud K, Yurko A, Lear J, Narasimhan NS, Long CJ, Sommerhage F, Bridges LR, Cai Y, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Goswami A, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Cotovio J, Hickman JJ. Long-Term Electrical and Mechanical Function Monitoring of a Human-on-a-Chip System. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1805792. [PMID: 35586798 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201970049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of human-on-a-chip systems is to capture multi-organ complexity and predict the human response to compounds within physiologically relevant platforms. The generation and characterization of such systems is currently a focal point of research given the long-standing inadequacies of conventional techniques for predicting human outcome. Functional systems can measure and quantify key cellular mechanisms that correlate with the physiological status of a tissue, and can be used to evaluate therapeutic challenges utilizing many of the same endpoints used in animal experiments or clinical trials. Culturing multiple organ compartments in a platform creates a more physiologic environment (organ-organ communication). Here is reported a human 4-organ system composed of heart, liver, skeletal muscle and nervous system modules that maintains cellular viability and function over 28 days in serum-free conditions using a pumpless system. The integration of non-invasive electrical evaluation of neurons and cardiac cells and mechanical determination of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction allows the monitoring of cellular function especially for chronic toxicity studies in vitro. The 28 day period is the minimum timeframe for animal studies to evaluate repeat dose toxicity. This technology could be a relevant alternative to animal testing by monitoring multi-organ function upon long term chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Anne Riu
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Carlos A Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrew Yurko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Jennifer Lear
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Frank Sommerhage
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Arindom Goswami
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Reine Note
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Silvia Teissier
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - José Cotovio
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
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35
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Oleaga C, Lavado A, Riu A, Rothemund S, Carmona-Moran CA, Persaud K, Yurko A, Lear J, Narasimhan NS, Long CJ, Sommerhage F, Bridges LR, Cai Y, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Goswami A, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Cotovio J, Hickman JJ. Long-Term Electrical and Mechanical Function Monitoring of a Human-on-a-Chip System. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1805792. [PMID: 35586798 PMCID: PMC9113405 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201805792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of human-on-a-chip systems is to capture multi-organ complexity and predict the human response to compounds within physiologically relevant platforms. The generation and characterization of such systems is currently a focal point of research given the long-standing inadequacies of conventional techniques for predicting human outcome. Functional systems can measure and quantify key cellular mechanisms that correlate with the physiological status of a tissue, and can be used to evaluate therapeutic challenges utilizing many of the same endpoints used in animal experiments or clinical trials. Culturing multiple organ compartments in a platform creates a more physiologic environment (organ-organ communication). Here is reported a human 4-organ system composed of heart, liver, skeletal muscle and nervous system modules that maintains cellular viability and function over 28 days in serum-free conditions using a pumpless system. The integration of non-invasive electrical evaluation of neurons and cardiac cells and mechanical determination of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction allows the monitoring of cellular function especially for chronic toxicity studies in vitro. The 28 day period is the minimum timeframe for animal studies to evaluate repeat dose toxicity. This technology could be a relevant alternative to animal testing by monitoring multi-organ function upon long term chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Anne Riu
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Carlos A. Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrew Yurko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Jennifer Lear
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Christopher J. Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Frank Sommerhage
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Mark T. Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Arindom Goswami
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Reine Note
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Silvia Teissier
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - José Cotovio
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Corresponding Author. Tel.: +1 407 823 1925; fax: +1 407 882 2819. (J.J. Hickman)
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Martewicz S, Luni C, Serena E, Pavan P, Chen HSV, Rampazzo A, Elvassore N. Transcriptomic Characterization of a Human In Vitro Model of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Under Topological and Mechanical Stimuli. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:852-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ariyasinghe NR, Lyra-Leite DM, McCain ML. Engineering cardiac microphysiological systems to model pathological extracellular matrix remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H771-H789. [PMID: 29906229 PMCID: PMC6230901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium. ECM remodeling is a complex, multifactorial process that often contributes to declines in myocardial function and progression toward heart failure. However, the direct effects of the many forms of ECM remodeling on myocardial cell and tissue function remain elusive, in part because conventional model systems used to investigate these relationships lack robust experimental control over the ECM. To address these shortcomings, microphysiological systems are now being developed and implemented to establish direct relationships between distinct features in the ECM and myocardial function with unprecedented control and resolution in vitro. In this review, we will first highlight the most prominent characteristics of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular disease and describe how these features can be mimicked with synthetic and natural biomaterials that offer independent control over multiple ECM-related parameters, such as rigidity and composition. We will then detail innovative microfabrication techniques that enable precise regulation of cellular architecture in two and three dimensions. We will also describe new approaches for quantifying multiple aspects of myocardial function in vitro, such as contractility, action potential propagation, and metabolism. Together, these collective technologies implemented as cardiac microphysiological systems will continue to uncover important relationships between pathological ECM remodeling and myocardial cell and tissue function, leading to new fundamental insights into cardiovascular disease, improved human disease models, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Oleaga C, Riu A, Rothemund S, Lavado A, McAleer CW, Long CJ, Persaud K, Narasimhan NS, Tran M, Roles J, Carmona-Moran CA, Sasserath T, Elbrecht DH, Kumanchik L, Bridges LR, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Ekman G, Jackson M, Wang YI, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Hickman JJ. Investigation of the effect of hepatic metabolism on off-target cardiotoxicity in a multi-organ human-on-a-chip system. Biomaterials 2018; 182:176-190. [PMID: 30130706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cosmetic testing and poor predictivity of preclinical drug studies has spurred efforts to develop new methods for systemic toxicity. Current in vitro assays do not fully represent physiology, often lacking xenobiotic metabolism. Functional human multi-organ systems containing iPSC derived cardiomyocytes and primary hepatocytes were maintained under flow using a low-volume pumpless system in a serum-free medium. The functional readouts for contractile force and electrical conductivity enabled the non-invasive study of cardiac function. The presence of the hepatocytes in the system induced cardiotoxic effects from cyclophosphamide and reduced them for terfenadine due to drug metabolism, as expected from each compound's pharmacology. A computational fluid dynamics simulation enabled the prediction of terfenadine-fexofenadine pharmacokinetics, which was validated by HPLC-MS. This in vitro platform recapitulates primary aspects of the in vivo crosstalk between heart and liver and enables pharmacological studies, involving both organs in a single in vitro platform. The system enables non-invasive readouts of cardiotoxicity of drugs and their metabolites. Hepatotoxicity can also be evaluated by biomarker analysis and change in metabolic function. Integration of metabolic function in toxicology models can improve adverse effects prediction in preclinical studies and this system could also be used for chronic studies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Anne Riu
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | - My Tran
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Jeffry Roles
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Carlos A Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Daniel H Elbrecht
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Lee Kumanchik
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying I Wang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Reine Note
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jessica Langer
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Clark, NJ, USA
| | - Silvia Teissier
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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Christoffersson J, Meier F, Kempf H, Schwanke K, Coffee M, Beilmann M, Zweigerdt R, Mandenius CF. A Cardiac Cell Outgrowth Assay for Evaluating Drug Compounds Using a Cardiac Spheroid-on-a-Chip Device. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5020036. [PMID: 29734702 PMCID: PMC6027518 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) models with cells arranged in clusters or spheroids have emerged as valuable tools to improve physiological relevance in drug screening. One of the challenges with cells cultured in 3D, especially for high-throughput applications, is to quickly and non-invasively assess the cellular state in vitro. In this article, we show that the number of cells growing out from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac spheroids can be quantified to serve as an indicator of a drug’s effect on spheroids captured in a microfluidic device. Combining this spheroid-on-a-chip with confocal high content imaging reveals easily accessible, quantitative outgrowth data. We found that effects on outgrowing cell numbers correlate to the concentrations of relevant pharmacological compounds and could thus serve as a practical readout to monitor drug effects. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this semi-high-throughput “cardiac cell outgrowth assay” with six compounds at three concentrations applied to spheroids for 48 h. The image-based readout complements end-point assays or may be used as a non-invasive assay for quality control during long-term culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Christoffersson
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Florian Meier
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Michelle Coffee
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mario Beilmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Carl-Fredrik Mandenius
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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Microenvironmental Modulation of Calcium Wave Propagation Velocity in Engineered Cardiac Tissues. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:337-352. [PMID: 31719889 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the myocardium, rapid propagation of action potentials and subsequent calcium waves is critical for synchronizing the contraction of cardiac myocytes and maximizing cardiac output. In many pathological settings, diverse remodeling of the tissue microenvironment is correlated with arrhythmias and decreased cardiac output, but the precise impact of tissue remodeling on propagation is not completely understood. Our objective was to delineate how multiple features within the cardiac tissue microenvironment modulate propagation velocity. Methods To recapitulate diverse myocardial tissue microenvironments, we engineered substrates with tunable elasticity, patterning, composition, and topography using two formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropatterned with fibronectin and gelatin hydrogels with flat or micromolded features. We cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes on these substrates and quantified cell density, tissue alignment, and cell shape. We used a fluorescent calcium indicator, high-speed microscopy, and newly-developed analysis software to record and quantify calcium wave propagation velocity (CPV). Results For all substrates, tissue alignment and cell aspect ratio were higher in aligned compared to isotropic tissues. Isotropic CPV and longitudinal CPV were similar across conditions, but transverse CPV was lower on micromolded gelatin hydrogels compared to micropatterned soft and stiff PDMS. In aligned tissues, the anisotropy ratio of CPV (longitudinal CPV/transverse CPV) was lower on micropatterned soft PDMS compared to micropatterned stiff PDMS and micromolded gelatin hydrogels. Conclusion Propagation velocity in engineered cardiac tissues is sensitive to features in the tissue microenvironment, such as alignment, matrix elasticity, and matrix topography, which may underlie arrhythmias in conditions with pathological tissue remodeling.
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Conant G, Lai BFL, Lu RXZ, Korolj A, Wang EY, Radisic M. High-Content Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Heart-on-a-Chip Devices as Drug Screening Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:335-346. [PMID: 28429185 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development continues to be a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry despite great advances in cell and molecular biology that allow for the design of better targeted therapeutics. Many potential drug compounds fail during the clinical trial due to inefficacy and toxicity that were not predicted during preclinical stages. The fundamental problem lies with the use of traditional drug screening models that still largely rely on the use of cell lines or animal cell monolayers, which leads to lack of predictive power of human tissue and organ response to the drug candidates. More physiologically relevant systems are therefore critical in relieving the burden of high failure rates. Emerging knowledge and techniques in tissue engineering and microfabrication have enabled the development of micro-engineered systems - collectively known as organs-on-chips - that may lead to a paradigm shift in preclinical drug screening assays. In this review we explore the technological advances and challenges in the development of heart-on-a-chip models, by addressing current assessment methods for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and providing a perspective on the modifications that should be implemented to realize the full potential of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Conant
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lun Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Wang YI, Carmona C, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Multiorgan Microphysiological Systems for Drug Development: Strategies, Advances, and Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201701000. [PMID: 29205920 PMCID: PMC5805562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture and animal models utilized for preclinical drug screening have led to high attrition rates of drug candidates in clinical trials due to their low predictive power for human response. Alternative models using human cells to build in vitro biomimetics of the human body with physiologically relevant organ-organ interactions hold great potential to act as "human surrogates" and provide more accurate prediction of drug effects in humans. This review is a comprehensive investigation into the development of tissue-engineered human cell-based microscale multiorgan models, or multiorgan microphysiological systems for drug testing. The evolution from traditional models to macro- and microscale multiorgan systems is discussed in regards to the rationale for recent global efforts in multiorgan microphysiological systems. Current advances in integrating cell culture and on-chip analytical technologies, as well as proof-of-concept applications for these multiorgan microsystems are discussed. Major challenges for the field, such as reproducibility and physiological relevance, are discussed with comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems to solve these challenges. Conclusions focus on the current development stage of multiorgan microphysiological systems and new trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Sala L, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Integrating cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in safety pharmacology: has the time come? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3749-3765. [PMID: 27641943 PMCID: PMC5647193 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a severe side effect of drugs that induce structural or electrophysiological changes in heart muscle cells. As a result, the heart undergoes failure and potentially lethal arrhythmias. It is still a major reason for drug failure in preclinical and clinical phases of drug discovery. Current methods for predicting cardiotoxicity are based on guidelines that combine electrophysiological analysis of cell lines expressing ion channels ectopically in vitro with animal models and clinical trials. Although no new cases of drugs linked to lethal arrhythmias have been reported since the introduction of these guidelines in 2005, their limited predictive power likely means that potentially valuable drugs may not reach clinical practice. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are now emerging as potentially more predictive alternatives, particularly for the early phases of preclinical research. However, these cells are phenotypically immature and culture and assay methods not standardized, which could be a hurdle to the development of predictive computational models and their implementation into the drug discovery pipeline, in contrast to the ambitions of the comprehensive pro-arrhythmia in vitro assay (CiPA) initiative. Here, we review present and future preclinical cardiotoxicity screening and suggest possible hPSC-CM-based strategies that may help to move the field forward. Coordinated efforts by basic scientists, companies and hPSC banks to standardize experimental conditions for generating reliable and reproducible safety indices will be helpful not only for cardiotoxicity prediction but also for precision medicine. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenZAThe Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenZAThe Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenZAThe Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell TechnologiesUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
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44
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Abstract
Engineering functional cardiac tissues remains an ongoing significant challenge due to the complexity of the native environment. However, our growing understanding of key parameters of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment and our ability to replicate those parameters in vitro are resulting in the development of increasingly sophisticated models of engineered cardiac tissues (ECT). This review examines some of the most relevant parameters that may be applied in culture leading to higher fidelity cardiac tissue models. These include the biochemical composition of culture media and cardiac lineage specification, co-culture conditions, electrical and mechanical stimulation, and the application of hydrogels, various biomaterials, and scaffolds. The review will also summarize some of the recent functional human tissue models that have been developed for in vivo and in vitro applications. Ultimately, the creation of sophisticated ECT that replicate native structure and function will be instrumental in advancing cell-based therapeutics and in providing advanced models for drug discovery and testing.
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45
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Action potential-based MEA platform for in vitro screening of drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human iPSCs and rat neonatal myocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Doi M, Ogawa E, Arai T. Effect of a photosensitization reaction performed during the first 3 min after exposure of rat myocardial cells to talaporfin sodium in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1873-1878. [PMID: 28780623 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism of photodynamic cardiac ablation, we studied the effects of a photosensitization reaction (PR) performed during the first 3 min after rat myocardial cells were exposed to talaporfin sodium. A 3-mm-square microelectrode array with 64 electrodes was used to continuously measure the action potentials of the myocardial cells. A 30 μg/mL talaporfin sodium solution, a chlorine photosensitizer, was used, along with a 663-nm red diode laser (86 mW/cm2 for up to 600 s). The first trough of the measured action potential waveform corresponding to Na+ dynamics decreased exponentially with increasing PR duration. The average decay time of the exponential function from PR onset was 20.1 s. Marked morphological changes in the myocardial cells was observed after the PR. These results indicated that the behavior of the action potential waveform measured by the microelectrode array might be used as a less invasive method to evaluate the electrophysiological effects of a PR on myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Doi
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Arai
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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47
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Abbott J, Ye T, Qin L, Jorgolli M, Gertner RS, Ham D, Park H. CMOS nanoelectrode array for all-electrical intracellular electrophysiological imaging. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:460-466. [PMID: 28192391 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing a new tool capable of high-precision electrophysiological recording of a large network of electrogenic cells has long been an outstanding challenge in neurobiology and cardiology. Here, we combine nanoscale intracellular electrodes with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits to realize a high-fidelity all-electrical electrophysiological imager for parallel intracellular recording at the network level. Our CMOS nanoelectrode array has 1,024 recording/stimulation 'pixels' equipped with vertical nanoelectrodes, and can simultaneously record intracellular membrane potentials from hundreds of connected in vitro neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. We demonstrate that this network-level intracellular recording capability can be used to examine the effect of pharmaceuticals on the delicate dynamics of a cardiomyocyte network, thus opening up new opportunities in tissue-based pharmacological screening for cardiac and neuronal diseases as well as fundamental studies of electrogenic cells and their networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Abbott
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tianyang Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Marsela Jorgolli
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Rona S Gertner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Donhee Ham
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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48
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Wang YI, Oleaga C, Long CJ, Esch MB, McAleer CW, Miller PG, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1701-1713. [PMID: 29065797 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217694101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses. Impact statement Multi-organ microphysiological systems are promising devices to improve the drug development process. The development of a pumpless system represents the ability to build multi-organ systems that are of low cost, high reliability, and self-contained. These features, coupled with the ability to measure electrical and mechanical response in addition to chemical or metabolic changes, provides an attractive system for incorporation into the drug development process. This will be the most complete review of the pumpless platform with recirculation yet written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlota Oleaga
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- 4 Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Paula G Miller
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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49
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Tian J, Tu C, Huang B, Liang Y, Zhou J, Ye X. Study of the union method of microelectrode array and AFM for the recording of electromechanical activities in living cardiomyocytes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 46:495-507. [PMID: 28012038 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiology and mechanics are two essential components in the functions of cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. The simultaneous recording of electrophysiological and mechanical activities is important for the understanding of mechanisms underlying cell functions. For example, on the one hand, mechanisms under cardiovascular drug effects will be investigated in a comprehensive way by the simultaneous recording of electrophysiological and mechanical activities. On the other hand, computational models of electromechanics provide a powerful tool for the research of cardiomyocytes. The electrical and mechanical activities are important in cardiomyocyte models. The simultaneous recording of electrophysiological and mechanical activities can provide much experimental data for the models. Therefore, an efficient method for the simultaneous recording of the electrical and mechanical data from cardiomyocytes is required for the improvement of cardiac modeling. However, as far as we know, most of the previous methods were not easy to be implemented in the electromechanical recording. For this reason, in this study, a union method of microelectrode array and atomic force microscope was proposed. With this method, the extracellular field potential and beating force of cardiomyocytes were recorded simultaneously with a low root-mean-square noise level of 11.67 μV and 60 pN. Drug tests were conducted to verify the feasibility of the experimental platform. The experimental results suggested the method would be useful for the cardiovascular drug screening and refinement of the computational cardiomyocyte models. It may be valuable for exploring the functional mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlong Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobo Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of CAD and CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Dai X, Zhou W, Gao T, Liu J, Lieber CM. Three-dimensional mapping and regulation of action potential propagation in nanoelectronics-innervated tissues. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:776-82. [PMID: 27347837 PMCID: PMC5014560 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Real-time mapping and manipulation of electrophysiology in three-dimensional (3D) tissues could have important impacts on fundamental scientific and clinical studies, yet realization is hampered by a lack of effective methods. Here we introduce tissue-scaffold-mimicking 3D nanoelectronic arrays consisting of 64 addressable devices with subcellular dimensions and a submillisecond temporal resolution. Real-time extracellular action potential (AP) recordings reveal quantitative maps of AP propagation in 3D cardiac tissues, enable in situ tracing of the evolving topology of 3D conducting pathways in developing cardiac tissues and probe the dynamics of AP conduction characteristics in a transient arrhythmia disease model and subsequent tissue self-adaptation. We further demonstrate simultaneous multisite stimulation and mapping to actively manipulate the frequency and direction of AP propagation. These results establish new methodologies for 3D spatiotemporal tissue recording and control, and demonstrate the potential to impact regenerative medicine, pharmacology and electronic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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