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Mintoft A, Vallatos A, Robertson NJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell therapy for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Future directions for combination therapy with hypothermia and/or melatonin. Semin Perinatol 2024:151929. [PMID: 38902120 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and lifelong disability across the world. While therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is beneficial, it is only partially protective and adjuvant treatments that further improve outcomes are urgently needed. In high-income countries where HT is standard care, novel treatments are tested in conjunction with HT. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a paradigm shift in brain protection, uniquely adapting to the host cellular microenvironment. MSC have low immunogenicity and potent paracrine effects stimulating the host tissue repair and regeneration and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Preclinical studies in perinatal brain injury suggest that MSC are beneficial after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and most preclinical studies of MSC with HT show protection. Preclinical and early phase clinical trials have shown that allogenic administration of MSC to neonates with perinatal stroke and HIE is safe and feasible but further safety and efficacy studies of HT with MSC in these populations are needed. Combination therapies that target all stages of the evolution of injury after HI (eg HT, melatonin and MSC) show promise for improving outcomes in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mintoft
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine Vallatos
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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2
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Maxouri O, Bodalal Z, Daal M, Rostami S, Rodriguez I, Akkari L, Srinivas M, Bernards R, Beets-Tan R. How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started. BJR Open 2023; 5:20230019. [PMID: 37953866 PMCID: PMC10636348 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the routine imaging workflow, providing both anatomical and functional information. 19F MRI is an evolving imaging modality where instead of 1H, 19F nuclei are excited. As the signal from endogenous 19F in the body is negligible, exogenous 19F signals obtained by 19F radiofrequency coils are exceptionally specific. Highly fluorinated agents targeting particular biological processes (i.e., the presence of immune cells) have been visualised using 19F MRI, highlighting its potential for non-invasive and longitudinal molecular imaging. This article aims to provide both a broad overview of the various applications of 19F MRI, with cancer imaging as a focus, as well as a practical guide to 19F imaging. We will discuss the essential elements of a 19F system and address common pitfalls during acquisition. Last but not least, we will highlight future perspectives that will enhance the role of this modality. While not an exhaustive exploration of all 19F literature, we endeavour to encapsulate the broad themes of the field and introduce the world of 19F molecular imaging to newcomers. 19F MRI bridges several domains, imaging, physics, chemistry, and biology, necessitating multidisciplinary teams to be able to harness this technology effectively. As further technical developments allow for greater sensitivity, we envision that 19F MRI can help unlock insight into biological processes non-invasively and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Gatti L, Chirizzi C, Rotta G, Milesi P, Sancho-Albero M, Sebastián V, Mondino A, Santamaría J, Metrangolo P, Chaabane L, Bombelli FB. Pivotal role of the protein corona in the cell uptake of fluorinated nanoparticles with increased sensitivity for 19F-MR imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3749-3760. [PMID: 37441254 PMCID: PMC10334373 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo cell tracking by non-invasive imaging technologies is needed to accelerate the clinical translation of innovative cell-based therapies. In this regard, 19F-MRI has recently gained increased attention for unbiased localization of labeled cells over time. To push forward the use of 19F-MRI for cell tracking, the development of highly performant 19F-probes is required. PLGA-based NPs containing PERFECTA, a multibranched superfluorinated molecule with an optimal MRI profile thanks to its 36 magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms, are promising 19F-MRI probes. In this work we demonstrate the importance of the surface functionalization of these NPs in relation to their interaction with the biological environment, stressing the pivotal role of the formation of the protein corona (PC) in their cellular labelling efficacy. In particular, our studies showed that the formation of PC NPs strongly promotes the cellular internalization of these NPs in microglia cells. We advocate that the formation of PC NPs in the culture medium can be a key element to be used for the optimization of cell labelling with a considerable increase of the detection sensitivity by 19F-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodovico Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, 32 Milano 20131 Italy
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Experimental Imaging Center (CIS), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Via Olgettina, 58 Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, 32 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Giulia Rotta
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Via Olgettina, 58 Milan 20132 Italy
| | - Pietro Milesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, 32 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - María Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Victor Sebastián
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Via Olgettina, 58 Milan 20132 Italy
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12 Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, 32 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Experimental Imaging Center (CIS), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Via Olgettina, 58 Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, 32 Milano 20131 Italy
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4
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Alhaidari LM, Spain SG. Synthesis of 5-Fluorouracil Polymer Conjugate and 19F NMR Analysis of Drug Release for MRI Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071778. [PMID: 37050392 PMCID: PMC10097235 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To monitor the release of fluorinated drugs from polymeric carriers, a novel 19F MRI enzyme-responsive contrast agent was developed and tested. This contrast agent was prepared by conjugation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to hyperbranched poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (HB-PDMA) via an enzyme-degradable peptide linker. Due to the different molecular sizes, the release of 5-FU from the 5-FU polymer conjugate resulted in a sufficiently substantial difference in spin-spin T2 19F NMR/MRI relaxation time that enabled differentiating between attached and released drug states. The 5-FU polymer conjugate exhibited a broad signal and short T2 relaxation time under 19F NMR analysis. Incubation with the enzyme induced the release of 5-FU, accompanied by an extension of T2 relaxation times and an enhancement in the 19F MRI signal. This approach is promising for application in the convenient monitoring of 5-FU drug release and can be used to monitor the release of other fluorinated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila M. Alhaidari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Majmaah, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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Chen K, Wu T, Jiang M, Li A, Peng X, Chen S, Yang Z, Zhou X, Zheng X, Jiang ZX. Partially fluorinated nanoemulsions for 19F MRI-fluorescence dual imaging cell tracking. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112493. [PMID: 35430486 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) has been a technology of choice for in vivo cell tracking, in which perfluorocarbons (PFCs) nanoemulsions are the most used 19F MRI agents. However, the peculiar physicochemical properties of PFCs may lead to poor cell uptake and misleading cell tracking results. Herein, we employed partially fluorinated aromatic agents to formulate paramagnetic nanoemulsions as novel 19F MRI-fluorescence (FL) dual imaging agents for cell tracking. With the intramolecular π-π interaction, low density and fluorine content, the partially fluorinated agents enable considerable solubilities of functional agents and short relaxation times, which facilitates convenient preparation of stable, biocompatible, and multifunctional nanoemulsions with high 19F MRI sensitivity. Replacing PFCs in 19F MRI nanoemulsions with readily available partially fluorinated aromatic agents may address many issues associated with PFCs and provide a novel strategy for high-performance 19F MRI agents of broad biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anfeng Li
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China.
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6
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Kolouchova K, Cernochova Z, Groborz O, Herynek V, Koucky F, Jaksa R, Benes J, Slouf M, Hruby M. Multiresponsive Fluorinated Polymers as a Theragnostic Platform Using 19F MRI. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Hof S, Marcus C, Kuebart A, Schulz J, Truse R, Raupach A, Bauer I, Flögel U, Picker O, Herminghaus A, Temme S. A Toolbox to Investigate the Impact of Impaired Oxygen Delivery in Experimental Disease Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869372. [PMID: 35652064 PMCID: PMC9149176 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization is the underlying pathophysiological process in different shock states. Clinically most important are septic and hemorrhagic shock, which comprise more than 75% of all clinical cases of shock. Both forms lead to severe dysfunction of the microcirculation and the mitochondria that can cause or further aggravate tissue damage and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of acute and long-term effects of impaired oxygen utilization are still elusive. Importantly, a defective oxygen exploitation can impact multiple organs simultaneously and organ damage can be aggravated due to intense organ cross-talk or the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Complexity is further increased through a large heterogeneity in the human population, differences in genetics, age and gender, comorbidities or disease history. To gain a deeper understanding of the principles, mechanisms, interconnections and consequences of impaired oxygen delivery and utilization, interdisciplinary preclinical as well as clinical research is required. In this review, we provide a "tool-box" that covers widely used animal disease models for septic and hemorrhagic shock and methods to determine the structure and function of the microcirculation as well as mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we suggest magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodal imaging platform to noninvasively assess the consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on organ function, cell metabolism, alterations in tissue textures or inflammation. Combining structural and functional analyses of oxygen delivery and utilization in animal models with additional data obtained by multiparametric MRI-based techniques can help to unravel mechanisms underlying immediate effects as well as long-term consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on multiple organs and may narrow the gap between experimental preclinical research and the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Saini S, Vanherwegen AS, Liang S, Verbeke R, Korf H, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Gysemans C, Himmelreich U. Fluorine MR Imaging Probes Dynamic Migratory Profiles of Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Dendritic Cells After Streptozotocin-Induced Inflammation. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:321-332. [PMID: 35060024 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves presentation of islet-specific self-antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) to autoreactive T cells, resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We aimed to study the dynamic homing of diabetes-prone DCs to the pancreas and nearby organs with and without induction of pancreatic stress in a T1D susceptible model of repeated streptozotocin (STZ) injection. PROCEDURES In vitro labeling of activated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from NOD (Nonobese diabetes) mice was performed using zonyl perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether nanoparticles (ZPFCE-NPs). Internalization of particles was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Two groups of NOD.SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency) mice with (induced by low dose STZ administration) or without pancreatic stress were compared. Diabetogenic BMDCs loaded with BDC2.5 mimotope were pre-labeled with ZPFCE-NPs and adoptively transferred into mice. Longitudinal in vivo fluorine MRI (19F MRI) was performed 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after transfer of BMDCs. For ex vivo quantification of labeled cells, 19F NMR and flow cytometry were performed on dissected tissues to validate in vivo 19F MRI data. RESULTS In vitro flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed high uptake of nanoparticles in BMDCs during the process of maturation. Migration/homing of activated and ZPFCE-NP- labeled BMDCs to different organs was monitored and quantified longitudinally, showing highest cell density in pancreas at 48-h time-point. Based on 19F MRI, STZ induced mild inflammation in the pancreatic region, as indicated by high accumulation of ZPFCE-NP-labeled BMDCs in the pancreas when compared to the vehicle group. Pancreatic draining lymph nodes showed elevated homing of labeled BMDCs in the vehicle groups in contrast to the STZ group after 72 h. The effect of STZ was confirmed by increased blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION We showed the potential of 19F MRI for the non-invasive visualization and quantification of migrating immune cells in models for pancreatic inflammation after STZ administration. Without any intrinsic background signal, 19F MRI serves as a highly specific imaging tool to study the migration of diabetic-prone BMDCs in T1D models in vivo. This approach could particularly be of interest for the longitudinal assessment of established or novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Saini
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Rein Verbeke
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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Wu T, Chen K, Jiang M, Li A, Peng X, Chen S, Yang Z, Zhou X, Zheng X, Jiang ZX. Hydrofluorocarbon nanoparticles for 19F MRI-fluorescence dual imaging and chemo-photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1299-1305. [PMID: 35072680 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) may significantly improve the cancer therapeutic efficacy, in which fluorinated nanoemulsions are highly advantageous for their ability to deliver oxygen to hypoxic tumors and provide fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). The low solubility of chemotherapy drugs and photosensitizers in current perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based 19F MRI agents usually leads to complicated formulations or chemical modifications and low nanoemulsion stability and performance. Herein, we employ readily available partially fluorinated ethyl 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate as the 19F MRI agent and the solvent to dissolve the cancer stem cell inhibitor salinomycin and the photosensitizer ICG for the convenient preparation of 19F MRI-fluorescence dual imaging and synergistic chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy nanoemulsions. The chemotherapy drug salinomycin has a high solubility in the partially fluorinated reagent, facilitating its high loading and efficient delivery. Paramagnetic iron(III) (Fe3+) is incorporated into the nanoemulsion through the dissolved chelator to significantly improve the 19F MRI sensitivity. Furthermore, the dissolved fluorinated 2-pyridone enables the efficient capture and sustained release of singlet oxygen in the dark for high PDT efficacy. The multifunctional nanoemulsions show sensitive 19F MRI and fluorescence dual imaging capability and high synergistic chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy efficacy in cancer cells, which may be valuable oxygen delivery, sustained ROS generating and release, dual imaging and multimodal therapy agents for hypoxic tumors. This study provided a convenient co-solubilization strategy for the rapid construction of multifunctional theranostics for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Anfeng Li
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
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11
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Švec P, Petrov OV, Lang J, Štěpnička P, Groborz O, Dunlop D, Blahut J, Kolouchová K, Loukotová L, Sedláček O, Heizer T, Tošner Z, Šlouf M, Beneš H, Hoogenboom R, Hrubý M. Fluorinated Ferrocene Moieties as a Platform for Redox-Responsive Polymer 19F MRI Theranostics. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V. Petrov
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Dunlop
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, CAS, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8 182 23, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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12
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Sehl OC, Foster PJ. The sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging and fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22198. [PMID: 34772991 PMCID: PMC8589965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorine-19 (19F) MRI produce images which allow for quantification of labeled cells. MPI is an emerging instrument for cell tracking, which is expected to have superior sensitivity compared to 19F MRI. Our objective is to assess the cellular sensitivity of MPI and 19F MRI for detection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells. Cells were labeled with ferucarbotran or perfluoropolyether, for imaging on a preclinical MPI system or 3 Tesla clinical MRI, respectively. Using the same imaging time, as few as 4000 MSC (76 ng iron) and 8000 breast cancer cells (74 ng iron) were reliably detected with MPI, and 256,000 MSC (9.01 × 1016 19F atoms) were detected with 19F MRI, with SNR > 5. MPI has the potential to be more sensitive than 19F MRI for cell tracking. In vivo sensitivity with MPI and 19F MRI was evaluated by imaging MSC that were administered by different routes. In vivo imaging revealed reduced sensitivity compared to ex vivo cell pellets of the same cell number. We attribute reduced MPI and 19F MRI cell detection in vivo to the effect of cell dispersion among other factors, which are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Sehl
- Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Dr., London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada.
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Dr., London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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13
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Van Hoeck J, Vanhove C, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-invasive cell-tracking methods for adoptive T cell therapies. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:793-807. [PMID: 34718210 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies (ACT) have demonstrated groundbreaking results in blood cancers and melanoma. Nevertheless, their significant cost, the occurrence of severe adverse events, and their poor performance in solid tumors are important hurdles hampering more widespread applicability. In vivo cell tracking allows instantaneous and non-invasive monitoring of the distribution, tumor homing, persistence, and redistribution to other organs of infused T cells in patients. Furthermore, cell tracking could aid in the clinical management of patients, allowing the detection of non-responders or severe adverse events at an early stage. This review provides a concise overview of the main principles and potential of cell tracking, followed by a discussion of the clinically relevant labeling strategies and their application in ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelter Van Hoeck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Infinity Lab, Medical Imaging and Signal Processing Group-IBiTech, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Moonshi SS, Wu Y, Ta HT. Visualizing stem cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1760. [PMID: 34651465 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell (SC) therapies displayed encouraging efficacy and clinical outcome in various disorders. Despite this huge hype, clinical translation of SC therapy has been disheartening due to contradictory results from clinical trials. The ability to monitor migration and engraftment of cells in vivo represents an ideal strategy in cell therapy. Therefore, suitable imaging approach to track MSCs would allow understanding of migratory and homing efficiency, optimal route of delivery and engraftment of cells at targeted location. Hence, longitudinal tracking of SCs is crucial for the optimization of treatment parameters, leading to improved clinical outcome and translation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a suitable imaging modality to observe cells non-invasively and repeatedly. Tracking is achieved when cells are incubated prior to implantation with appropriate contrast agents (CA) or tracers which can then be detected in an MRI scan. This review explores and emphasizes the importance of monitoring the distribution and fate of SCs post-implantation using current contrast agents, such as positive CAs including paramagnetic metals (gadolinium), negative contrast agents such as superparamagnetic iron oxides and 19 F containing tracers, specifically for the in vivo tracking of MSCs using MRI. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzahdi Shebbrin Moonshi
- Queensland Microtechnology and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Queensland Microtechnology and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Microtechnology and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Mali A, Kaijzel EL, Lamb HJ, Cruz LJ. 19F-nanoparticles: Platform for in vivo delivery of fluorinated biomaterials for 19F-MRI. J Control Release 2021; 338:870-889. [PMID: 34492234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features one of the most investigated and innovative techniques for quantitative and unambiguous cell tracking, providing information for both localization and number of cells. Because of the relative insensitivity of the MRI technique, a high number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms are required to gain detectable signals. However, an increased amount of 19F nuclei induces low solubility in aqueous solutions, making fluorine-based probes not suitable for in vivo imaging applications. In this context, nanoparticle-based platforms play a crucial role, since nanoparticles may carry a high payload of 19F-based contrast agents into the relevant cells or tissues, increase the imaging agents biocompatibility, and provide a highly versatile platform. In this review, we present an overview of the 19F-based nanoprobes for sensitive 19F-MRI, focusing on the main nanotechnologies employed to date, such as fluorine and theranostic nanovectors, including their design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvja Mali
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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16
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Zambito G, Deng S, Haeck J, Gaspar N, Himmelreich U, Censi R, Löwik C, Di Martino P, Mezzanotte L. Fluorinated PLGA-PEG-Mannose Nanoparticles for Tumor-Associated Macrophage Detection by Optical Imaging and MRI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712367. [PMID: 34513879 PMCID: PMC8429784 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer growth and metastasis, but their role in tumor development needs to be fully understood due to the dynamic changes of tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we report an approach to visualize TAMs by optical imaging and by Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is largely applied to track immune cells in vivo. TAMs are targeted with PLGA-PEG-mannose nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) as MRI contrast agent. These particles are preferentially recognized and phagocytized by TAMs that overexpress the mannose receptor (MRC1/CD206). The PLGA-PEG-mannose NPs are not toxic and they were up-taken by macrophages as confirmed by in vitro confocal microscopy. At 48 h after intravenous injection of PLGA-PEG-mannose NPs, 4T1 xenograft mice were imaged and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed nanoparticle retention at the tumor site. Because of the lack of 19F background in the body, observed 19F signals are robust and exhibit an excellent degree of specificity. In vivo imaging of TAMs in the TME by 19F MRI opens the possibility for detection of cancer at earlier stage and for prompt therapeutic interventions in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medres Medical Research GmBH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joost Haeck
- Applied Molecular Imaging Facility of Erasmus MC (AMIE) Core Facility, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasa Gaspar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MR Unit, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Plachy T, Rohrer P, Holcapkova P. Gelatine-Coated Carbonyl Iron Particles and Their Utilization in Magnetorheological Suspensions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102503. [PMID: 34066006 PMCID: PMC8151537 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the formation of biocompatible magnetic particles into organized structures upon the application of an external magnetic field. The capability to create the structures was examined in silicone-oil suspensions and in a gelatine solution, which is commonly used as a blood plasma expander. Firstly, the carbonyl iron particles were successfully coated with gelatine, mixed with a liquid medium in order to form a magnetorheological suspension, and subsequently the possibility of controlling their rheological parameters via a magnetic field was observed using a rotational rheometer with an external magnetic cell. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful coating process. The prepared magnetorheological suspensions exhibited a transition from pseudoplastic to Bingham behavior, which confirms their capability to create chain-like structures upon application of a magnetic field, which thus prevents the liquid medium from flowing. The observed dynamic yield stresses were calculated using Robertson-Stiff model, which fit the flow curves of the prepared magnetorheological suspensions well.
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18
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Modo M. 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Neuroscience. Neuroscience 2021; 474:37-50. [PMID: 33766776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as a key diagnostic technique, affording the visualization of brain anatomy, blood flow, activity and connectivity. The detection of other atoms (e.g. 19F, 23Na, 31P), so called hetero-nuclear MRI and spectroscopy (MRS), provides investigative avenues that complement and extend the richness of information that can be gained from 1H MRI. Especially 19F MRI is increasingly emerging as a multi-nuclear (1H/19F) technique that can be exploited to visualize cell migration and trafficking. The lack of a 19F background signal in the brain affords an unequivocal detection suitable for quantification. Fluorine-based contrast material can be engineered as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, or nanoparticles to label cells in vitro or in vivo. Fluorinated blood substitutes, typically nanoemulsions, can also carry oxygen and serve as a theranostic in poorly perfused brain regions. Brain tissue concentrations of fluorinated pharmaceuticals, including inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) and anti-depressants (e.g. fluoxetine), can also be measured using MRS. However, the low signal from these compounds provides a challenge for imaging. Further methodological advances that accelerate signal acquisition (e.g. compressed sensing, cryogenic coils) are required to expand the applications of 19F MR imaging to, for instance, determine the regional pharmacokinetics of novel fluorine-based drugs. Improvements in 19F signal detection and localization, combined with the development of novel sensitive probes, will increase the utility of these multi-nuclear studies. These advances will provide new insights into cellular and molecular processes involved in neurodegenerative disease, as well as the mode of action of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Boehm-Sturm P, Mueller S, Freitag N, Borowski S, Foddis M, Koch SP, Temme S, Flögel U, Blois SM. Phenotyping placental oxygenation in Lgals1 deficient mice using 19F MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2126. [PMID: 33483548 PMCID: PMC7822814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key drivers in complications during fetal development such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. In order to study the mechanisms of disease in mouse models, the development of quantitative biomarkers of placental hypoxia is a prerequisite. The goal of this exploratory study was to establish a technique to noninvasively characterize placental partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in vivo in the Lgals1 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1) deficient mouse model of preeclampsia using fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized a decrease in placental oxygenation in knockout mice. Wildtype and knockout animals received fluorescently labeled perfluoro-5-crown-15-ether nanoemulsion i.v. on day E14-15 during pregnancy. Placental PO2 was assessed via calibrated 19F MRI saturation recovery T1 mapping. A gas challenge with varying levels of oxygen in breathing air (30%, 60% and 100% O2) was used to validate that changes in oxygenation can be detected in freely breathing, anesthetized animals. At the end of the experiment, fluorophore-coupled lectin was injected i.v. to label the vasculature for histology. Differences in PO2 between breathing conditions and genotype were statistically analyzed with linear mixed-effects modeling. As expected, a significant increase in PO2 with increasing oxygen in breathing air was found. PO2 in Lgals1 knockout animals was decreased but this effect was only present at 30% oxygen in breathing air, not at 60% and 100%. Histological examinations showed crossing of the perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion to the fetal blood pool but the dominating contribution of 19F MR signal is estimated at > 70% from maternal plasma based on volume fraction measurements of previous studies. These results show for the first time that 19F MRI can characterize oxygenation in mouse models of placental malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Department for Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Borowski
- Department for Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Foddis
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan P Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department for Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Lu Y, Rivera-Rodriguez A, Tay ZW, Hensley D, Fung KLB, Colson C, Saayujya C, Huynh Q, Kabuli L, Fellows B, Chandrasekharan P, Rinaldi C, Conolly S. Combining magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia for localized and image-guided treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:141-154. [PMID: 33426994 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1853252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) has been widely investigated as a treatment tool for cancer and other diseases. However, focusing traditional MFH to a tumor deep in the body is not feasible because the in vivo wavelength of 300 kHz very low frequency (VLF) excitation fields is longer than 100 m. Recently we demonstrated that millimeter-precision localized heating can be achieved by combining magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with MFH. In principle, real-time MPI imaging can also guide the location and dosing of MFH treatments. Hence, the combination of MPI imaging plus real time localized MPI-MFH could soon permit closed-loop high-resolution hyperthermia treatment. In this review, we will discuss the fundamentals of localized MFH (e.g. physics and biosafety limitations), hardware implementation, MPI real-time guidance, and new research directions on MPI-MFH. We will also discuss how the scale up to human-sized MPI-MFH scanners could proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angelie Rivera-Rodriguez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhi Wei Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - K L Barry Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caylin Colson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chinmoy Saayujya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Quincy Huynh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leyla Kabuli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Fellows
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Rinaldi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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21
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Lv J, Cheng Y. Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5435-5467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, protein delivery, drug delivery, 19F MRI, PDT, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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22
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Hoogendijk E, Swider E, Staal AHJ, White PB, van Riessen NK, Glaßer G, Lieberwirth I, Musyanovych A, Serra CA, Srinivas M, Koshkina O. Continuous-Flow Production of Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: From the Bench to Clinic. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49335-49345. [PMID: 33086007 PMCID: PMC7645868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon-loaded nanoparticles are powerful theranostic agents, which are used in the therapy of cancer and stroke and as imaging agents for ultrasound and 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scaling up the production of perfluorocarbon-loaded nanoparticles is essential for clinical translation. However, it represents a major challenge as perfluorocarbons are hydrophobic and lipophobic. We developed a method for continuous-flow production of perfluorocarbon-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles using a modular microfluidic system, with sufficient yields for clinical use. We combined two slit interdigital micromixers with a sonication flow cell to achieve efficient mixing of three phases: liquid perfluorocarbon, PLGA in organic solvent, and aqueous surfactant solution. The production rate was at least 30 times higher than with the conventional formulation. The characteristics of nanoparticles can be adjusted by changing the flow rates and type of solvent, resulting in a high PFC loading of 20-60 wt % and radii below 200 nm. The nanoparticles are nontoxic, suitable for 19F MRI and ultrasound imaging, and can dissolve oxygen. In vivo 19F MRI with perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether-loaded nanoparticles showed similar biodistribution as nanoparticles made with the conventional method and a fast clearance from the organs. Overall, we developed a continuous, modular method for scaled-up production of perfluorocarbon-loaded nanoparticles that can be potentially adapted for the production of other multiphase systems. Thus, it will facilitate the clinical translation of theranostic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Hoogendijk
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edyta Swider
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. J. Staal
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525
AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Koen van Riessen
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Glaßer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christophe A. Serra
- Université de Strasbourg,
CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Koshkina
- Department of Tumor
Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Effective Detection of Nafion®-Based Theranostic Nanocapsules through 19F Ultra-Short Echo Time MRI. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112127. [PMID: 33114728 PMCID: PMC7693026 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of the Three-Dimensional Ultra-Short Echo Time (3D UTE)pulse sequence at a high magnetic field for visualization of the distribution of 19F loaded theranostic core-shell nanocapsules with Nafion® (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2- [1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propan-2-yl] oxyethanesulfonic acid) incorporated into the shell is presented. The nanocarriers were formed via the layer-by-layer technique with biodegradable polyelectrolytes: PLL (Poly-L-lysine), and with Nafion®: polymer with high 19F content. Before imaging, an MR (magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and T1 and T2 measurements were performed, resulting in values of T2 between 1.3 ms and 3.0 ms, depending on the spectral line. To overcome limitations due to such short T2, the 3D UTE pulse sequence was applied for 19F MR imaging. First Nafion® solutions of various concentrations were measured to check the detection limit of our system for the investigated molecule. Next, the imaging of a phantom containing core-shell nanocapsules was performed to assess the possibility of visualizing their distribution in the samples. Images of Nafion® containing samples with SNR ≥ 5 with acquisition time below 30 min for 19F concentration as low as 1.53 × 10−2 mmol 19F/g of sample, were obtained. This is comparable with the results obtained for molecules, which exhibit more preferable MR characteristics.
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24
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Feng Z, Li Q, Wang W, Ni Q, Wang Y, Song H, Zhang C, Kong D, Liang XJ, Huang P. Superhydrophilic fluorinated polymer and nanogel for high-performance 19F magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Positron Emission Tomography for Response Evaluation in Microenvironment-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090371. [PMID: 32972006 PMCID: PMC7556039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic response is evaluated using the diameter of tumors and quantitative parameters of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Tumor response to molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors is different from conventional chemotherapy in terms of temporal metabolic alteration and morphological change after the therapy. Cancer stem cells, immunologically competent cells, and metabolism of cancer are considered targets of novel therapy. Accumulation of FDG reflects the glucose metabolism of cancer cells as well as immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which differs among patients according to the individual immune function; however, FDG-PET could evaluate the viability of the tumor as a whole. On the other hand, specific imaging and cell tracking of cancer cell or immunological cell subsets does not elucidate tumor response in a complexed interaction in the tumor microenvironment. Considering tumor heterogeneity and individual variation in therapeutic response, a radiomics approach with quantitative features of multimodal images and deep learning algorithm with reference to pathologic and genetic data has the potential to improve response assessment for emerging cancer therapy.
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26
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In vivo clearance of 19F MRI imaging nanocarriers is strongly influenced by nanoparticle ultrastructure. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120307. [PMID: 32927288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbons hold great promise both as imaging agents, particularly for 19F MRI, and in therapy, such as oxygen delivery. 19F MRI is unique in its ability to unambiguously track and quantify a tracer while maintaining anatomic context, and without the use of ionizing radiation. This is particularly well-suited for inflammation imaging and quantitative cell tracking. However, perfluorocarbons, which are best suited for imaging - like perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether (PFCE) - tend to have extremely long biological retention. Here, we showed that the use of a multi-core PLGA nanoparticle entrapping PFCE allows for a 15-fold reduction of half-life in vivo compared to what is reported in literature. This unexpected rapid decrease in 19F signal was observed in liver, spleen and within the infarcted region after myocardial infarction and was confirmed by whole body NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the fast clearance is due to disassembly of the ~200 nm nanoparticle into ~30 nm domains that remain soluble and are cleared quickly. We show here that the nanoparticle ultrastructure has a direct impact on in vivo clearance of its cargo i.e. allowing fast release of PFCE, and therefore also bringing the possibility of multifunctional nanoparticle-based imaging to translational imaging, therapy and diagnostics.
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27
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Neri G, Mion G, Pizzi A, Celentano W, Chaabane L, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R, Li M, Messa P, De Campo F, Cellesi F, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F. Fluorinated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and 19 F NMR Detection. Chemistry 2020; 26:10057-10063. [PMID: 32515857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the continuous search for multimodal systems with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions, several efforts have been made to develop multifunctional drug delivery systems. In this work, through a covalent approach, a new class of fluorinated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) co-polymers (F-PLGA) were designed that contain an increasing number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms. In particular, two novel compounds, F3 -PLGA and F9 -PLGA, were synthesized and their chemical structure and thermal stability were analyzed by solution NMR, DSC, and TGA. The obtained F-PLGA compounds were proven to form in aqueous solution colloidal stable nanoparticles (NPs) displaying a strong 19 F NMR signal. The fluorinated NPs also showed an enhanced ability to load hydrophobic drugs containing fluorine atoms compared to analogous pristine PLGA NPs. Preliminary in vitro studies showed high cell viability and the NP ability to intracellularly deliver and release a functioning drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mion
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Wanda Celentano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Experimental Imaging, Center (CIS), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, V. Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, Università di Torino, V. Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, Università di Torino, V. Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca" Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, V. Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca" Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, V. Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Floryan De Campo
- Solvay Specialty Polymers, V. Lombardia, 20, Bollate, 20021, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
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28
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Galli F, Aguilera JV, Palermo B, Markovic SN, Nisticò P, Signore A. Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:89. [PMID: 32423420 PMCID: PMC7236372 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive tumor progression, metastatization and resistance to therapy. New immunotherapeutic approaches aim at restoring the natural balance and increase immune response against cancer by different mechanisms. The complexity of these interactions and the heterogeneity of immune cell subpopulations are a real challenge when trying to develop new immunotherapeutics and evaluate or predict their efficacy in vivo. To this purpose, molecular imaging can offer non-invasive diagnostic tools like radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or fluorescent dyes. These agents can be useful for preclinical and clinical purposes and can overcome [18F]FDG limitations in discriminating between true-progression and pseudo-progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of immune cells involved in microenvironment, available immunotherapies and imaging agents to highlight the importance of new therapeutic biomarkers and their in vivo evaluation to improve the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy.
| | - Jesus Vera Aguilera
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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29
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Qiao R, Huang X, Qin Y, Li Y, Davis TP, Hagemeyer CE, Gao M. Recent advances in molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8040-8064. [PMID: 32239038 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke are still one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, the development of new diagnostic tools for the early detection of plaque instability and thrombosis is urgently needed. Advanced molecular imaging probes based on functional nanomaterials in combination with cutting edge imaging techniques are now paving the way for novel and unique approaches to monitor the inflammatory progress in atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the development of various molecular probes for the diagnosis of plaques and thrombosis in atherosclerosis, along with perspectives of their diagnostic applications in cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, we summarize the biological targets that can be used for atherosclerosis and thrombosis imaging. Then we describe the emerging molecular imaging techniques based on the utilization of engineered nanoprobes together with their challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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30
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Schnurr M, Volk I, Nikolenko H, Winkler L, Dathe M, Schröder L. Functionalized Lipopeptide Micelles as Highly Efficient NMR Depolarization Seed Points for Targeted Cell Labelling in Xenon MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900251. [PMID: 32293139 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving diagnostic imaging and therapy by targeted compound delivery to pathological areas and across biological barriers is of urgent need. A lipopeptide, P-CrA-A2, composed of a highly cationic peptide sequence (A2), an N-terminally attached palmitoyl chain (P) and cryptophane molecule (CrA) for preferred uptake into blood-brain barrier (BBB) capillary endothelial cells, was generated. CrA allows reversible binding of Xe for NMR detection with hyperpolarized nuclei. The lipopeptide forms size-optimized micelles with a diameter of about 11 nm at low micromolar concentration. Their high local CrA payload has a strong and switchable impact on the bulk magnetization through Hyper-CEST detection. Covalent fixation of CrA does not impede micelle formation and does not hamper its host functionality but simplifies Xe access to hosts for inducing saturation transfer. Xe Hyper-CEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for distinguishing BBB endothelial cells from control aortic endothelial cells, and the small micelle volume with a sevenfold improved CrA-loading density compared to liposomal carriers allows preferred cell labelling with a minimally invasive volume (≈16 000-fold more efficient than 19 F cell labelling). Thus, these nanoscopic particles combine selectivity for human brain capillary endothelial cells with great sensitivity of Xe Hyper-CEST MRI and might be a potential MRI tool in brain diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Volk
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction / Peptide Transport, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Nikolenko
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction / Peptide Transport, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Winkler
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margitta Dathe
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction / Peptide Transport, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Iafrate M, Fruhwirth GO. How Non-invasive in vivo Cell Tracking Supports the Development and Translation of Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32327996 PMCID: PMC7152671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment regimen for cancer, and it is based on the modulation of the immune system to battle cancer. Immunotherapies can be classified as either molecular or cell-based immunotherapies, and both types have demonstrated promising results in a growing number of cancers. Indeed, several immunotherapies representing both classes are already approved for clinical use in oncology. While spectacular treatment successes have been reported, particularly for so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors and certain cell-based immunotherapies, they have also been accompanied by a variety of severe, sometimes life-threatening side effects. Furthermore, not all patients respond to immunotherapy. Hence, there is the need for more research to render these promising therapeutics more efficacious, more widely applicable, and safer to use. Whole-body in vivo imaging technologies that can interrogate cancers and/or immunotherapies are highly beneficial tools for immunotherapy development and translation to the clinic. In this review, we explain how in vivo imaging can aid the development of molecular and cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapies. We describe the principles of imaging host T-cells and adoptively transferred therapeutic T-cells as well as the value of traceable cancer cell models in immunotherapy development. Our emphasis is on in vivo cell tracking methodology, including important aspects and caveats specific to immunotherapies. We discuss a variety of associated experimental design aspects including parameters such as cell type, observation times/intervals, and detection sensitivity. The focus is on non-invasive 3D cell tracking on the whole-body level including aspects relevant for both preclinical experimentation and clinical translatability of the underlying methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Celentano W, Neri G, Distante F, Li M, Messa P, Chirizzi C, Chaabane L, De Campo F, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F, Cellesi F. Design of fluorinated hyperbranched polyether copolymers for 19F MRI nanotheranostics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
19F MRI contrast agents and drug nanocarriers based on fluorinated hyperbranched polyether copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Celentano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Giulia Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Francesco Distante
- ETH Zurich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- 20122 Milan
- Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- 20122 Milan
- Italy
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Imaging (CIS)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- I-20132 Milan
- Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Imaging (CIS)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- I-20132 Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
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33
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Darçot E, Colotti R, Brennan D, Deuchar GA, Santosh C, van Heeswijk RB. A characterization of ABL-101 as a potential tracer for clinical fluorine-19 MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4212. [PMID: 31724252 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The two main challenges that prevent the translation of fluorine-19 (19 F) MRI for inflammation monitoring or cell tracking into clinical practice are (i) the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio generated by the injected perfluorocarbon (PFC), which necessitates long scan times, and (ii) the need for regulatory approval and a high biocompatibility of PFCs that are also suitable for MRI. ABL-101, an emulsion of perfluoro(t-butylcyclohexane), is a third-generation PFC that is already used in clinical trials, but has not yet been used for 19 F MRI. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the performance of ABL-101 as a 19 F MRI tracer. At magnetic field strengths of 3, 9.4 and 14.1 T, the CF3 groups of ABL-101 generated a large well-separated singlet with T2 /T1 ratios of >0.27, >0.14 and > 0.05, respectively. All relaxation times decreased with the increase in magnetic field strength. The detection limit of ABL-101 in a 0.25 mm3 voxel at 3 T, 37°C and with a 3-minute acquisition time was 7.21mM. After intravenous injection, the clearance half-lives of the ABL-101 19 F MR signal in mouse (n = 3) spleen and liver were 6.85 ± 0.45 and 3.20 ± 0.35 days, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABL-101 has 19 F MR characteristics that are similar to those of PFCs developed specifically for MRI, while it has clearance half-lives similar to PFCs that have previously been used in large doses in non-MRI clinical trials. Overall, ABL-101 is thus a very promising candidate tracer for future clinical trials that use 19 F MRI for cell tracking or the monitoring of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Darçot
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Colotti
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Brennan
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Celestine Santosh
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
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34
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Gambino G, Gambino T, Pohmann R, Angelovski G. A ratiometric 19F MR-based method for the quantification of Ca2+ using responsive paramagnetic probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3492-3495. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A custom made lanthanide complex with a high number of fluorine atoms was used to develop a quantitative method to assess calcium ion concentration by means of 19F chemical shift imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Tanja Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
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35
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O'Brien-Moran Z, Bowen CV, Rioux JA, Brewer KD. Cell density quantification with TurboSPI: R 2* mapping with compensation for off-resonance fat modulation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 33:469-481. [PMID: 31872356 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tracking the migration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled immune cells in vivo is valuable for understanding the immunogenic response to cancer and therapies. Quantitative cell tracking using TurboSPI-based R2* mapping is a promising development to improve accuracy in longitudinal studies on immune recruitment. However, off-resonance fat signal isochromats lead to modulations in the signal time-course that can be erroneously fit as R2* signal decay, overestimating the density of labeled cells, while excluding voxels with fat-typical modulations results in underestimation of cell density in voxels with mixed content. Approaches capable of accurate R2* estimation in the presence of fat are needed. METHODS We propose a dual-decay (separate R2f* and R2w* for fat and water) Dixon-based signal model that accounts for the presence of fat in a voxel to provide better estimates of SPIO-induced dephasing. This model was tested in silico, in phantoms with varying quantities of fat and SPIO-labeled cells, and in 5 mice injected with SPIO-labeled CD8+ T cells. RESULTS In silico single voxel simulations illustrate how the proposed dual-decay model provides stable R2w* estimates that are invariant to fat content. The proposed model outperforms previous methods when applied to in vitro samples of SPIO-labeled cells and oil prepared with oil content ≥ 15%. Preliminary in vivo results show that, compared to previous methods, the dual-decay model improves the balance of R2* mapping in fat-dense areas, which will yield more reliable analysis in future cell tracking studies. DISCUSSION The proposed model is a promising tool for quantitative TurboSPI R2* cell tracking, with further refinements offering the possibility of better specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe O'Brien-Moran
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chris Van Bowen
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - James Allen Rioux
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberly Dawn Brewer
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Krekorian M, Fruhwirth GO, Srinivas M, Figdor CG, Heskamp S, Witney TH, Aarntzen EH. Imaging of T-cells and their responses during anti-cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:7924-7947. [PMID: 31656546 PMCID: PMC6814447 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has proven to be an effective approach in a growing number of cancers. Despite durable clinical responses achieved with antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules, many patients do not respond. The common denominator for immunotherapies that have successfully been introduced in the clinic is their potential to induce or enhance infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells into the tumour. However, in clinical research the molecules, cells and processes involved in effective responses during immunotherapy remain largely obscure. Therefore, in vivo imaging technologies that interrogate T-cell responses in patients represent a powerful tool to boost further development of immunotherapy. This review comprises a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo imaging technologies that allow the characterisation of T-cell responses induced by anti-cancer immunotherapy, with emphasis on technologies that are clinically available or have high translational potential. Throughout we discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses, providing arguments for selecting the optimal imaging options for future research and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massis Krekorian
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy H. Witney
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik H.J.G. Aarntzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Saini S, Poelmans J, Korf H, Dooley JL, Liang S, Manshian BB, Verbeke R, Soenen SJ, Vande Velde G, Lentacker I, Lagrou K, Liston A, Gysemans C, De Smedt SC, Himmelreich U. Longitudinal In Vivo Assessment of Host-Microbe Interactions in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Aspergillosis. iScience 2019; 20:184-194. [PMID: 31581067 PMCID: PMC6817634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is ubiquitous in nature and the most common cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with a compromised immune system. The development of IPA in patients under immunosuppressive treatment or in patients with primary immunodeficiency demonstrates the importance of the host immune response in controlling aspergillosis. However, study of the host-microbe interaction has been hampered by the lack of tools for their non-invasive assessment. We developed a methodology to study the response of the host's immune system against IPA longitudinally in vivo by using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). We showed the advantage of a perfluorocarbon-based contrast agent for the in vivo labeling of macrophages and dendritic cells, permitting quantification of pulmonary inflammation in different murine IPA models. Our findings reveal the potential of 19F MRI for the assessment of rapid kinetics of innate immune response against IPA and the permissive niche generated through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Saini
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Poelmans
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L Dooley
- Laboratory of Genetics of Autoimmunity (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Genetics of Autoimmunity (VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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38
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Getter T, Margalit R, Kahremany S, Levy L, Blum E, Khazanov N, Keshet-Levy NY, Tamir TY, Ben Major M, Lahav R, Zilber S, Senderowitz H, Bradfield P, Imhof BA, Alpert E, Gruzman A. Novel inhibitors of leukocyte transendothelial migration. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103250. [PMID: 31580982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration is one of the most important step in launching an inflammatory immune response and chronic inflammation can lead to devastating diseases. Leukocyte migration inhibitors are considered as promising and potentially effective therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. In this study, based on previous trioxotetrahydropyrimidin based integrin inhibitors that suboptimally blocked leukocyte adhesion, twelve molecules with a modified scaffold were designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro for their capacity to block the transendothelial migration of immune cells. One of the molecules, namely, methyl 4-((2-(tert-butyl)-6-((2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene) methyl) phenoxy) methyl) benzoate, (compound 12), completely blocked leukocyte transendothelial migration, without any toxic effects on immune or endothelial cells (IC50 = 2.4 µM). In vivo, compound 12 exhibited significant therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis models. A detailed acute and chronic toxicity profile of the lead compound in vivo did not reveal any toxic effects. Such a type of molecule might therefore provide a unique starting point for designing a novel class of leukocyte transmigration blocking agents with broad therapeutic applications in inflammatory and auto-immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Getter
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Raanan Margalit
- "Science in Action", Ness-Ziona, Israel; "AltA-ZuZ Therapeutics", Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shirin Kahremany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Laura Levy
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eliav Blum
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Netaly Khazanov
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nimrod Y Keshet-Levy
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tigist Y Tamir
- Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ron Lahav
- "AltA-ZuZ Therapeutics", Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sofia Zilber
- Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Beat A Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Arie Gruzman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Fluorine-19 Cellular MRI Detection of In Vivo Dendritic Cell Migration and Subsequent Induction of Tumor Antigen-Specific Immunotherapeutic Response. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 22:549-561. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Hyaluronan-Based Grafting Strategies for Liver Stem Cell Therapy and Tracking Methods. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3620546. [PMID: 31354838 PMCID: PMC6636496 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3620546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for survival, it plays important roles in physiological cell functions, and it is an innovative target in regenerative medicine. Among the molecular interactions and the pathways triggered during cell adhesion, the binding of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, to hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial step. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases; however, so far, it has led to low cell engraftment and limited cell repopulation of the target tissue. Currently, different strategies are under investigation to improve cell grafting in the liver, including the use of organic and inorganic biomatrices that mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronans, major components of stem cell niches, are attractive candidates for coating stem cells since they improve viability, proliferation, and engraftment in damaged livers. In this review, we will discuss the new strategies that have been adopted to improve cell grafting and track cells after transplantation.
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41
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Krämer W, Grapentin C, Bouvain P, Temme S, Flögel U, Schubert R. Rational manufacturing of functionalized, long-term stable perfluorocarbon-nanoemulsions for site-specific 19F magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:114-122. [PMID: 31220572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorocarbon (PFC)-nanoemulsions (NE) are a convenient tool for 19F magnetic resonance imaging in cell and animal experiments. Typical preparation methods, like high-pressure homogenization or microfluidization, produce nanoemulsions in mL-scale. However, experiments usually require only miniscule amounts of PFC-NE, several 100 µL. For site-specific imaging tissue-specific ligands, e.g. peptides or antibodies, are covalently bound to the NE surface. This requires the use of expensive functionalized phospholipids containing reactive groups (e.g. maleimide), which often deteriorate quickly in liquid storage, rendering the manufacturing process highly cost-inefficient. A technique to manufacture storage stable NE that maintain their functionality for coupling of various ligands is desired. METHODS AND RESULTS Different PFC-NE formulations and preparation techniques were compared and the most suitable of these was tested in short-, as well as long-term stability tests. Droplet size stability was investigated by dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy over 1.5 a. Surface modifiability was assessed by a fluorescence assay. The utility of these NE was proven in an in vitro model. CONCLUSION The established PFC-NE platform offers a cost-efficient way to produce larger amounts of long-term storable imaging agents, which can be surface-modified on demand for application in targeted 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krämer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - C Grapentin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Bouvain
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Temme
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - U Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Schubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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42
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Gálisová A, Herynek V, Swider E, Sticová E, Pátiková A, Kosinová L, Kříž J, Hájek M, Srinivas M, Jirák D. A Trimodal Imaging Platform for Tracking Viable Transplanted Pancreatic Islets In Vivo: F-19 MR, Fluorescence, and Bioluminescence Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:454-464. [PMID: 30167995 PMCID: PMC6525139 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combining specific and quantitative F-19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with sensitive and convenient optical imaging provides complementary information about the distribution and viability of transplanted pancreatic islet grafts. In this study, pancreatic islets (PIs) were labeled with positively charged multimodal nanoparticles based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-NPs) with encapsulated perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether and the near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green. PROCEDURES One thousand and three thousand bioluminescent PIs were transplanted into subcutaneous artificial scaffolds, which served as an alternative transplant site. The grafts were monitored using in vivo F-19 MR, fluorescence, and bioluminescence imaging in healthy rats for 2 weeks. RESULTS Transplanted PIs were unambiguously localized in the scaffolds by F-19 MRI throughout the whole experiment. Fluorescence was detected in the first 4 days after transplantation only. Importantly, in vivo bioluminescence correlated with the F-19 MRI signal. CONCLUSIONS We developed a trimodal imaging platform for in vivo examination of transplanted PIs. Fluorescence imaging revealed instability of the fluorescent dye and its limited applicability for longitudinal in vivo studies. A correlation between the bioluminescence signal and the F-19 MRI signal indicated the fast clearance of PLGA-NPs from the transplantation site after cell death, which addresses a major issue with intracellular imaging labels. Therefore, the proposed PLGA-NP platform is reliable for reflecting the status of transplanted PIs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gálisová
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Herynek
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Swider
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - E Sticová
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Pátiková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kosinová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kříž
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Hájek
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - D Jirák
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Koshkina O, Lajoinie G, Bombelli FB, Swider E, Cruz LJ, White PB, Schweins R, Dolen Y, van Dinther EAW, van Riessen NK, Rogers SE, Fokkink R, Voets IK, van Eck ERH, Heerschap A, Versluis M, de Korte CL, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM, Srinivas M. Multicore Liquid Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Multimodal Nanoparticles for Stable Ultrasound and 19F MRI Applied to In Vivo Cell Tracking. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1806485. [PMID: 32132881 PMCID: PMC7056356 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is the most commonly used clinical imaging modality. However, in applications requiring cell-labeling, the large size and short active lifetime of ultrasound contrast agents limit their longitudinal use. Here, 100 nm radius, clinically applicable, polymeric nanoparticles containing a liquid perfluorocarbon, which enhance ultrasound contrast during repeated ultrasound imaging over the course of at least 48 h, are described. The perfluorocarbon enables monitoring the nanoparticles with quantitative 19F magnetic resonance imaging, making these particles effective multimodal imaging agents. Unlike typical core-shell perfluorocarbon-based ultrasound contrast agents, these nanoparticles have an atypical fractal internal structure. The nonvaporizing highly hydrophobic perfluorocarbon forms multiple cores within the polymeric matrix and is, surprisingly, hydrated with water, as determined from small-angle neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, the nanoparticles are used to image therapeutic dendritic cells with ultrasound in vivo, as well as with 19F MRI and fluorescence imaging, demonstrating their potential for long-term in vivo multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koshkina
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre and MESA+ Institute for, Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Edyta Swider
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue - Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Yusuf Dolen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A W van Dinther
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Koen van Riessen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70, 5612 AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst R H van Eck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre and MESA+ Institute for, Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chris L de Korte
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre and MESA+ Institute for, Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liang S, Louchami K, Holvoet B, Verbeke R, Deroose CM, Manshian B, Soenen SJ, Lentacker I, Himmelreich U. Tri-modal In vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islets Transplanted Subcutaneously in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:940-951. [PMID: 29671177 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of pancreatic islets (PIs) is a promising therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes. The main obstacle for this strategy is that the outcome of islet engraftment depends on the engraftment site. It was our aim to develop a strategy for using non-invasive imaging techniques to assess the location and fate of transplanted PIs longitudinally in vivo. PROCEDURES In order to overcome the limitations of individual imaging techniques and cross-validate findings by different modalities, we have combined fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (F-19 MRI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for studying subcutaneously transplanted PIs and beta cell-like cells (INS-1E cell line) in vivo. We optimized the transduction (using lentiviral vectors) and labeling procedures (using perfluoro crown ether nanoparticles with a fluorescence dye) for PIs and INS-1E cell imaging. RESULTS The feasibility of using the proposed imaging methods for PI assessment was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggested that F-19 MRI is suitable for high-resolution localization of transplanted cells and PIs; FLI is essential for confirmation of contrast localization by histology; and BLI is a reliable method to assess cell viability and survival after transplantation. No significant side effects on cell viability and function have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tri-modal imaging platform is a valuable approach for the assessment of engrafted PIs in vivo. It is potentially suitable for comparing different transplantation sites and evaluating novel strategies for improving PI transplantation technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hill LK, Frezzo JA, Katyal P, Hoang DM, Gironda ZBY, Xu C, Xie X, Delgado-Fukushima E, Wadghiri YZ, Montclare JK. Protein-Engineered Nanoscale Micelles for Dynamic 19F Magnetic Resonance and Therapeutic Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2969-2985. [PMID: 30758189 PMCID: PMC6945506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered proteins provide an interesting template for designing fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, yet progress has been hindered by the unpredictable relaxation properties of fluorine. Herein, we present the biosynthesis of a protein block copolymer, termed "fluorinated thermoresponsive assembled protein" (F-TRAP), which assembles into a monodisperse nanoscale micelle with interesting 19F NMR properties and the ability to encapsulate and release small therapeutic molecules, imparting potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) agent. The assembly of the F-TRAP micelle, composed of a coiled-coil pentamer corona and a hydrophobic, thermoresponsive elastin-like polypeptide core, results in a drastic depression in spin-spin relaxation ( T2) times and unaffected spin-lattice relaxation ( T1) times. The nearly unchanging T1 relaxation rates and linearly dependent T2 relaxation rates have allowed for detection via zero echo time 19F MRI, and the in vivo MR potential has been preliminarily explored using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This fluorinated micelle has also demonstrated the ability to encapsulate the small-molecule chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and release its cargo in a thermoresponsive manner owing to its inherent stimuli-responsive properties, presenting an interesting avenue for the development of thermoresponsive 19F MRI/MRS-traceable theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Joseph A. Frezzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Dung Minh Hoang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Zakia Ben Youss Gironda
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Erika Delgado-Fukushima
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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Kennis BA, Michel KA, Brugmann WB, Laureano A, Tao RH, Somanchi SS, Einstein SA, Bravo-Alegria JB, Maegawa S, Wahba A, Kiany S, Gordon N, Silla L, Schellingerhout D, Khatua S, Zaky W, Sandberg D, Cooper L, Lee DA, Bankson JA, Gopalakrishnan V. Monitoring of intracerebellarly-administered natural killer cells with fluorine-19 MRI. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:395-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shapovalova M, Pyper SR, Moriarity BS, LeBeau AM. The Molecular Imaging of Natural Killer Cells. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118794816. [PMID: 30203710 PMCID: PMC6134484 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118794816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent success of autologous T cell-based therapies in hematological malignancies has spurred interest in applying similar immunotherapy strategies to the treatment of solid tumors. Identified nearly 4 decades ago, natural killer (NK) cells represent an arguably better cell type for immunotherapy development. Natural killer cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that mediate the direct killing of transformed cells with reduced or absent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are the effector cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Unlike T cells, they do not require human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching allowing for the adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells in the clinic. The development of NK cell-based therapies for solid tumors is complicated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that can potentially disarm NK cells rendering them inactive. The molecular imaging of NK cells in vivo will be crucial for the development of new therapies allowing for the immediate assessment of therapeutic response and off-target effects. A number of groups have investigated methods for detecting NK cells by optical, nuclear, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances made in imaging NK cells in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Shapovalova
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sean R Pyper
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Jirak D, Galisova A, Kolouchova K, Babuka D, Hruby M. Fluorine polymer probes for magnetic resonance imaging: quo vadis? MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 32:173-185. [PMID: 30498886 PMCID: PMC6514090 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the development and relevance of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in clinical practice has emerged. MRI using fluorinated probes enables the achievement of a specific signal with high contrast in MRI images. However, to ensure sufficient sensitivity of 19F MRI, fluorine probes with a high content of chemically equivalent fluorine atoms are required. The majority of 19F MRI agents are perfluorocarbon emulsions, which have a broad range of applications in molecular imaging, although the content of fluorine atoms in these molecules is limited. In this review, we focus mainly on polymer probes that allow higher fluorine content and represent versatile platforms with properties tailorable to a plethora of biomedical in vivo applications. We discuss the chemical development, up to the first imaging applications, of these promising fluorine probes, including injectable polymers that form depots that are intended for possible use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jirak
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Medicine Faculty, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Galisova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Saini S, Korf H, Liang S, Verbeke R, Manshian B, Raemdonck K, Lentacker I, Gysemans C, De Smedt SC, Himmelreich U. Challenges for labeling and longitudinal tracking of adoptively transferred autoreactive T lymphocytes in an experimental type-1 diabetes model. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 32:295-305. [PMID: 30648196 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tracking the autoreactive T-cell migration in the pancreatic region after labeling with fluorinated nanoparticles (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate]-perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether nanoparticles, PDP-PFCE NPs) in a diabetic murine model using 19F MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synthesis of novel PDP-PFCE fluorine tracer was performed for in vitro labeling of T cells. Labeling conditions were optimized using different PDP-PFCE NPs concentrations. For in vivo 19F MRI, mice were longitudinally followed after adoptive transfer of activated, autoreactive, labeled T cells in NOD.SCID mice. RESULTS Established MR protocols were used for challenging T cell labeling to track inflammation in a model of diabetes after successful labeling of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with PDP-PFCE NPs. However, T cells were difficult to be detected in vivo after their engraftment in animals. DISCUSSION We showed successful in vitro labeling of T cells using novel fluorinated liposomal nanoparticles. However, insufficient and slow accumulation of labeled T cells and subsequent T cell proliferation in the pancreatic region remains as limitations of in vivo cell imaging by 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Saini
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bouvain P, Flocke V, Krämer W, Schubert R, Schrader J, Flögel U, Temme S. Dissociation of 19F and fluorescence signal upon cellular uptake of dual-contrast perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:133-145. [PMID: 30498884 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) tagged with fluorescence dyes have been intensively used to confirm the in vivo 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localization of PFCs by post mortem histology or flow cytometry. However, only limited data are available on tagged PFCs and the potential dissociation of fluorescence and 19F label after cellular uptake over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS PFCs were coupled to rhodamine (Rho) or carboxyfluorescein (Cfl) and their fate was analyzed after in vitro uptake by J774, RAW and CHO cells by flow cytometry and 19F MRI. In separate in vivo experiments, the dual-labelled emulsions were intravenously applied into mice and their distribution was monitored in spleen and liver over 24 h. In a final step, time course of fluorescence and 19F signals from injected emulsions were tracked in a local inflammation model making use of a subcutaneous matrigel depot doped with LPS (lipopolysaccharide). RESULTS Internalization of fluorescence-labelled PFCs was associated with a substantial whitening over 24 h in all macrophage cell lines while the 19F signal remained stable over time. In all experiments, CflPFCs were more susceptible to bleaching than RhoPFCs. After intravenous injection of RhoPFCs, the fluorescence signal in spleen and liver peaked after 30 min and 2 h, respectively, followed by a successive decrease over 24 h, whereas the 19F signal continuously increased during this observation period. Similar results were found in the matrigel/LPS model, where we observed increasing 19F signals in the inflammatory hot spot over time while the fluorescence signal of immune cells isolated from the matrigel depot 24 h after its implantation was only marginally elevated over background levels. This resulted in a massive underestimation of the true PFC deposition in the reticuloendothelial system and at inflammatory hot spots. CONCLUSION Cellular uptake of fluorescently tagged PFCs leads to a dissociation of the fluorescence and the 19F label signal over time, which critically impacts on interpretation of long-term experiments validated by histology or flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Vera Flocke
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Applied Science Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krämer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, BW, Germany
| | - Rolf Schubert
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, BW, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
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