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Shahpasand S, Khatami SH, Ehtiati S, Alehossein P, Salmani F, Toutounchi AH, Zarei T, Shahmohammadi MR, Khodarahmi R, Aghamollaii V, Tafakhori A, Karima S. Therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet: A metabolic switch with implications for neurological disorders, the gut-brain axis, and cardiovascular diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 132:109693. [PMID: 38880191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a dietary regimen that is low in carbohydrates, high in fats, and contains adequate protein. It is designed to mimic the metabolic state of fasting. This diet triggers the production of ketone bodies through a process known as ketosis. The primary objective of KD is to induce and sustain ketosis, which has been associated with numerous health benefits. Recent research has uncovered promising therapeutic potential for KD in the treatment of various diseases. This includes evidence of its effectiveness as a dietary strategy for managing intractable epilepsy, a form of epilepsy that is resistant to medication. We are currently assessing the efficacy and safety of KD through laboratory and clinical studies. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of the KD and its potential benefits for neurological disorders and the gut-brain axis. We also explore the existing literature on the potential effects of KD on cardiac health. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge in these areas. Given the encouraging preliminary evidence of its therapeutic effects and the growing understanding of its mechanisms of action, randomized controlled trials are warranted to further explore the rationale behind the clinical use of KD. These trials will ultimately enhance our understanding of how KD functions and its potential benefits for various health conditions. We hope that our research will contribute to the body of knowledge in this field and provide valuable insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shahpasand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alehossein
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Haghbin Toutounchi
- Department of general surgery,Imam Hosein medical and educational center, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Zarei
- Clinical Trial Department, Behbalin Co., Ltd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
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He F, Hu S, Liu R, Li X, Guo S, Wang H, Tian G, Qi Y, Wang T. Decoding the biological toxicity of phenanthrene on intestinal cells of Eisenia fetida: Effects, toxicity pathways and corresponding mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166903. [PMID: 37683861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene is frequently detected and exists extensively in the soil environment, and its residues inevitably impose a significant threat to soil organisms. Exposure to and toxicity of phenanthrene on earthworms has been extensively studied before, however, the possible mechanisms and related pathways associated with phenanthrene-triggered toxicity at the intestinal cell level remain unclear. Herein, primary intestinal cells isolated from Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) intestine were used as targeted receptors to probe the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS-mediated damaging effects and the potential pathways of phenanthrene-induced toxicity at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Results indicated that phenanthrene exposure induced oxidative stress by activating intracellular ROS (elevated O2-, H2O2, and OH- content) bursts in E. fetida intestinal cells, causing various oxidative damage effects, including lipid peroxidation (increased MDA content), protein oxidation (enhanced PCO levels), and DNA damage (enhanced 8-OHdG levels). The enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies in earthworm cells were activated to mitigate these detrimental effects by regulating ROS-mediated pathways involving defense regulation. Also, phenanthrene stress destroyed the cell membrane of E. fetida intestinal cells, resulting in cellular calcium homeostasis disruption and cellular energetic alteration, ultimately causing cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis/death. More importantly, the mitochondrial dysfunction in E. fetida cells was induced by phenanthrene-caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which in turn caused un-controlled ROS burst and induced apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase-3 activation and ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Furthermore, exposure to phenanthrene activated an abnormal mRNA expression profile associated with defense regulation (e.g., Hsp70, MT, CRT, SOD, CAT, and GST genes) in E. fetida intestinal cells, resulting in various cellular dysfunctions and pathological conditions, eventually, apoptotic cell death. Taken together, this study offers valuable insights for probing the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms posed by phenanthrene at the intestinal cell level, and is of great significance to estimate the detrimental side effects of phenanthrene on soil ecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yuntao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
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3
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He Y, Cheng X, Zhou T, Li D, Peng J, Xu Y, Huang W. β-Hydroxybutyrate as an epigenetic modifier: Underlying mechanisms and implications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21098. [PMID: 37928021 PMCID: PMC10623287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the main component of ketone bodies, is of physiological importance as a backup energy source during starvation or induces diabetic ketoacidosis when insulin deficiency occurs. Ketogenic diets (KD) have been used as metabolic therapy for over a hundred years, it is well known that ketone bodies and BHB not only serve as ancillary fuel substituting for glucose but also induce anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective features via binding to several target proteins, including histone deacetylase (HDAC), or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent advances in epigenetics, especially novel histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs), have continuously updated our understanding of BHB, which also acts as a signal transduction molecule and modification substrate to regulate a series of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone acetylation, histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, histone methylation, DNA methylation, and microRNAs. These epigenetic events alter the activity of genes without changing the DNA structure and further participate in the pathogenesis of related diseases. This review focuses on the metabolic process of BHB and BHB-mediated epigenetics in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and complications of diabetes, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancers, osteoporosis, liver and kidney injury, embryonic and fetal development, and intestinal homeostasis, and discusses potential molecular mechanisms, drug targets, and application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu X, Chen X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen J, Wu F, Chen GQ. 3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:190. [PMID: 37230992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, there is no systematic study and clear mechanism to evaluate and explain the hypoglycemic effect of 3HB. Here we demonstrate that 3HB reduces fasting blood glucose level, improves glucose tolerance, and ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Mechanistically, 3HB increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels by activating HCAR2, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and then activating protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits Raf1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf1) activity, resulting in a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and ultimately inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Ser273 phosphorylation in adipocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by 3HB altered the expression of PPARγ regulated genes and reduced insulin resistance. Collectively, 3HB ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through a pathway of HCAR2/Ca2+/cAMP/PKA/Raf1/ERK1/2/PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiangnan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Exploiting Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081937. [PMID: 37112084 PMCID: PMC10144186 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable plastic. Numerous bacteria produce PHAs under environmental stress conditions, such as excess carbon-rich organic matter and limitations of other nutritional elements such as potassium, magnesium, oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In addition to having physicochemical properties similar to fossil-fuel-based plastics, PHAs have unique features that make them ideal for medical devices, such as easy sterilization without damaging the material itself and easy dissolution following use. PHAs can replace traditional plastic materials used in the biomedical sector. PHAs can be used in a variety of biomedical applications, including medical devices, implants, drug delivery devices, wound dressings, artificial ligaments and tendons, and bone grafts. Unlike plastics, PHAs are not manufactured from petroleum products or fossil fuels and are, therefore, environment-friendly. In this review, a recent overview of applications of PHAs with special emphasis on biomedical sectors, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and biocontrols, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Zheng F, Zhong Q, Zhu Y. Ketogenic Diet as a Promising Non-Drug Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1173-1198. [PMID: 37038820 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly characterized by cognitive deficits. Although many studies have been devoted to developing disease-modifying therapies, there has been no effective therapy until now. However, dietary interventions may be a potential strategy to treat AD. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with adequate protein. KD increases the levels of ketone bodies, providing an alternative energy source when there is not sufficient energy supply because of impaired glucose metabolism. Accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have shown that a KD is beneficial to AD. The potential underlying mechanisms include improved mitochondrial function, optimization of gut microbiota composition, and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The review provides an update on clinical and preclinical research on the effects of KD or medium-chain triglyceride supplementation on symptoms and pathophysiology in AD. We also detail the potential mechanisms of KD, involving amyloid and tau proteins, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and brain metabolism. We aimed to determine the function of the KD in AD and outline important aspects of the mechanism, providing a reference for the implementation of the KD as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Son J, Lee H, Lee T, Sohn H, Jae Park S, Na JG, Woo Seo S, Wook Lee J, Young Yoo H, Park C. Novel synthetic pathway for methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate from β-hydroxybutyric acid and methanol by enzymatic esterification. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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8
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Ray S, Jin JO, Choi I, Kim M. Recent trends of biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from C1 carbon sources. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:907500. [PMID: 36686222 PMCID: PMC9852868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns over the use of limited fossil fuels and their negative impacts on the ecological niches have facilitated the exploration of alternative routes. The use of conventional plastic material also negatively impacts the environment. One such green alternative is polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Recently, researchers have focused on the utilization of waste gases particularly those belonging to C1 sources derived directly from industries and anthropogenic activities, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and methanol as the substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Consequently, several microorganisms have been exploited to utilize waste gases for their growth and biopolymer accumulation. Methylotrophs such as Methylobacterium organophilum produced highest amount of PHA up to 88% using CH4 as the sole carbon source and 52-56% with CH3OH. On the other hand Cupriavidus necator, produced 71-81% of PHA by utilizing CO and CO2 as a substrate. The present review shows the potential of waste gas valorization as a promising solution for the sustainable production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Key bottlenecks towards the usage of gaseous substrates obstructing their realization on a large scale and the possible technological solutions were also highlighted. Several strategies for PHA production using C1 gases through fermentation and metabolic engineering approaches are discussed. Microbes such as autotrophs, acetogens, and methanotrophs can produce PHA from CO2, CO, and CH4. Therefore, this article presents a vision of C1 gas into bioplastics are prospective strategies with promising potential application, and aspects related to the sustainability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Ray
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
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Abstract
The prevalence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a devastating neurological injury, is increasing; thus, effective treatments and preventions are urgently needed. The underlying pathology of HIE remains unclear; recent research has focused on elucidating key features of the disease. A variety of diseases can be alleviated by consuming a ketogenic diet (KD) despite differences in pathogenesis and features, given the common mechanisms of KD-induced effects. Dietary modification is the most translatable, cost-efficient, and safest approach to treat acute or chronic neurological disorders and reduces reliance on pharmaceutical treatments. Evidence suggests that the KD can exert beneficial effects in animal models and in humans with brain injuries. The efficacy of the KD in preventing neuronal damage, motor alterations, and cognitive decline varies. Moreover, the KD may provide an alternative source of energy, enhance mitochondrial function, and reduce the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic mediators. Thus, this diet has attracted interest as a potential therapy for HIE. This review examined the role of the KD in HIE treatment and described the mechanisms by which ketone bodies (KBs) exert effects under pathological conditions and protect against brain damage; the evidence supports the implementation of dietary interventions as a therapeutic strategy for HIE. Future research should aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the KD in patients with HIE and determine whether the effect of the KD on clinical outcomes can be reproduced in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, 610500 Chengdu, China
| | - Luqiang Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075 Chengdu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610072 Chengdu, China
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Dhage PA, Sharbidre AA, Magdum SM. Interlacing the relevance of caspase activation in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:83-92. [PMID: 36372374 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases is a renowned regulator of apoptosis. Members of this family are responsible for the proteolytic dismantling of numerous cellular structures. Apart from apoptosis, caspases remarkably contribute to a diverse range of molecular processes. Being the imperative members of several cellular cascades their abnormal activation/deactivation has severe implications and also leads to various diseased conditions. Similar aberrant activation of caspases is one of the several causes of neuropathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a form of dementia severely affecting neuropsychiatric and cognitive functions. Emerging studies are providing deeper insights into the mechanisms of caspase action in the progression of AD. Current article is an attempt to review these studies and present the action mechanisms of different mammalian caspases in the advancement of AD associated neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta A Dhage
- Department of Zoology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College (KTHM College), Nashik 422002, MS, India.
| | - Archana A Sharbidre
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
| | - Sujata M Magdum
- Department of Zoology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College (KTHM College), Nashik 422002, MS, India.
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11
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Fadó R, Molins A, Rojas R, Casals N. Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194137. [PMID: 36235789 PMCID: PMC9572450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-504-20-00
| | - Anna Molins
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rocío Rojas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis from different waste materials, degradation, and analytic methods: a short review. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Chen J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu Z, Yuan H, Pang X, Liu Y, Tao W, Chen X, Zhang P, Chen GQ. Mechanism of reduced muscle atrophy via ketone body (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:94. [PMID: 35725651 PMCID: PMC9208164 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy is an increasingly global health problem affecting millions, there is a lack of clinical drugs or effective therapy. Excessive loss of muscle mass is the typical characteristic of muscle atrophy, manifesting as muscle weakness accompanied by impaired metabolism of protein and nucleotide. (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), one of the main components of the ketone body, has been reported to be effective for the obvious hemodynamic effects in atrophic cardiomyocytes and exerts beneficial metabolic reprogramming effects in healthy muscle. This study aims to exploit how the 3HB exerts therapeutic effects for treating muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloaded mice. RESULTS Anabolism/catabolism balance of muscle protein was maintained with 3HB via the Akt/FoxO3a and the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathways; protein homeostasis of 3HB regulation includes pathways of ubiquitin-proteasomal, autophagic-lysosomal, responses of unfolded-proteins, heat shock and anti-oxidation. Metabolomic analysis revealed the effect of 3HB decreased purine degradation and reduced the uric acid in atrophied muscles; enhanced utilization from glutamine to glutamate also provides evidence for the promotion of 3HB during the synthesis of proteins and nucleotides. CONCLUSIONS 3HB significantly inhibits the loss of muscle weights, myofiber sizes and myofiber diameters in hindlimb unloaded mouse model; it facilitates positive balance of proteins and nucleotides with enhanced accumulation of glutamate and decreased uric acid in wasting muscles, revealing effectiveness for treating muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zonghan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Huimei Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiangsheng Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Wuchen Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Yáñez L, Rodríguez Y, Scott F, Vergara-Fernández A, Muñoz R. Production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid from methane by in vivo depolymerization of polyhydroxybutyrate in Methylocystis parvus OBBP. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127141. [PMID: 35405209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylocystis parvus OBBP accumulates polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using methane as the sole carbon and energy source. In this work, the feasibility of producing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (R3HBA) via intracellularly accumulated PHB through depolymerization (in-vivo) was investigated. Results showed that a PHB to R3HBA conversion of 77.2 ± 0.9% (R3HBA titer of 0.153 ± 0.002 g L-1) can be attained in a mineral medium containing 1 g L-1 KNO3 at 30 °C with shaking at 200 rpm and a constant pH of 11 for 72 h. Nitrogen deprivation and neutral or acidic pHs strongly reduced the excreted R3HBA concentration. Reduced oxygen availability negatively affected the R3HBA yield, which decreased to 73.6 ± 4.9% (titer of 0.139 ± 0.01 g L-1) under microaerobic conditions. Likewise, the presence of increasing concentrations of R3HBA in the medium before the onset of PHB depolymerization reduced the initial R3HBA release rate and R3HBA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yáñez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Universidad de Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011, Spain; Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Los Andes, 7550000, Chile.
| | - Yadira Rodríguez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Universidad de Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011, Spain.
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Los Andes, 7550000, Chile.
| | - Alberto Vergara-Fernández
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Los Andes, 7550000, Chile.
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Universidad de Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011, Spain.
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15
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Review of the Developments of Bacterial Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs). Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050225. [PMID: 35621503 PMCID: PMC9137849 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic plastics derived from fossil fuels—such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene—are non-degradable. A large amount of plastic waste enters landfills and pollutes the environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to produce biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs have garnered increasing interest as replaceable materials to conventional plastics due to their broad applicability in various purposes such as food packaging, agriculture, tissue-engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery. Based on the chain length of 3-hydroxyalkanoate repeat units, there are three types PHAs, i.e., short-chain-length (scl-PHAs, 4 to 5 carbon atoms), medium-chain-length (mcl-PHAs, 6 to 14 carbon atoms), and long-chain-length (lcl-PHAs, more than 14 carbon atoms). Previous reviews discussed the recent developments in scl-PHAs, but there are limited reviews specifically focused on the developments of mcl-PHAs. Hence, this review focused on the mcl-PHA production, using various carbon (organic/inorganic) sources and at different operation modes (continuous, batch, fed-batch, and high-cell density). This review also focused on recent developments on extraction methods of mcl-PHAs (solvent, non-solvent, enzymatic, ultrasound); physical/thermal properties (Mw, Mn, PDI, Tm, Tg, and crystallinity); applications in various fields; and their production at pilot and industrial scales in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
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16
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Liu C, Zheng X, Liu L, Hu Y, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Gu EW, Yang Z, Xu G. Caloric Restriction Alleviates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Elevating β-Hydroxybutyric Acid Expression and Restoring Autophagic Flux in the Spinal Cord. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:828278. [PMID: 35573301 PMCID: PMC9096081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.828278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain encountered in clinical practice; however, the currently available treatments are limited by insufficient efficacy and side effects. Therefore, new methods to relieve inflammatory pain targeting new mechanisms are urgently needed. Preclinical investigations have shown that CR (calorie restriction) exerts analgesic effects in neuropathic and cancer pain; however, the effect of CR on chronic inflammatory pain remains unknown. During calorie restriction, autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation process, can be activated to support cell survival. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic effects of CR on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. The accumulation of LC3-II and p62 showed impaired autophagic flux in the ipsilateral spinal cord of mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain. CR alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced paw edema and pro-inflammatory factors following CFA administration. CR exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord. Regarding the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of CR, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) was studied. CR increased BHB levels in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, exogenous BHB administration exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cords of CFA-induced inflammatory pain mice. Taken together, these results illustrated that CR relieved inflammatory pain by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord, while BHB controlled the benefits of CR, suggesting that CR or BHB might be a promising treatment for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Qianyun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Er-wei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilai Yang,
| | - Guanghong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- Guanghong Xu,
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17
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Brain Metabolic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073785. [PMID: 35409145 PMCID: PMC8998942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the body. Satisfying such energy demand requires compartmentalized, cell-specific metabolic processes, known to be complementary and intimately coupled. Thus, the brain relies on thoroughly orchestrated energy-obtaining agents, processes and molecular features, such as the neurovascular unit, the astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, and the cellular distribution of energy substrate transporters. Importantly, early features of the aging process are determined by the progressive perturbation of certain processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply, resulting in brain hypometabolism. These age-related brain energy alterations are further worsened during the prodromal stages of neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding the onset of clinical symptoms, and are anatomically and functionally associated with the loss of cognitive abilities. Here, we focus on concrete neuroenergetic features such as the brain's fueling by glucose and lactate, the transporters and vascular system guaranteeing its supply, and the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, and on its neurodegenerative-related disruption. We sought to review the principles underlying the metabolic dimension of healthy and AD brains, and suggest that the integration of these concepts in the preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for AD is key to improving the precision of these interventions.
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18
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Koskimäki JJ, Pohjanen J, Kvist J, Fester T, Härtig C, Podolich O, Fluch S, Edesi J, Häggman H, Pirttilä AM. The meristem-associated endosymbiont Methylorubrum extorquens DSM13060 reprograms development and stress responses of pine seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:391-410. [PMID: 34328183 PMCID: PMC8842435 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbes living in plant tissues-endophytes-are mainly studied in crop plants where they typically colonize the root apoplast. Trees-a large carbon source with a high capacity for photosynthesis-provide a variety of niches for endophytic colonization. We have earlier identified a new type of plant-endophyte interaction in buds of adult Scots pine, where Methylorubrum species live inside the meristematic cells. The endosymbiont Methylorubrum extorquens DSM13060 significantly increases needle and root growth of pine seedlings without producing plant hormones, but by aggregating around host nuclei. Here, we studied gene expression and metabolites of the pine host induced by M. extorquens DSM13060 infection. Malic acid was produced by pine to potentially boost M. extorquens colonization and interaction. Based on gene expression, the endosymbiont activated the auxin- and ethylene (ET)-associated hormonal pathways through induction of CUL1 and HYL1, and suppressed salicylic and abscisic acid signaling of pine. Infection by the endosymbiont had an effect on pine meristem and leaf development through activation of GLP1-7 and ALE2, and suppressed flowering, root hair and lateral root formation by downregulation of AGL8, plantacyanin, GASA7, COW1 and RALFL34. Despite of systemic infection of pine seedlings by the endosymbiont, the pine genes CUL1, ETR2, ERF3, HYL, GLP1-7 and CYP71 were highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem, rarely in needles and not in stem or root tissues. Low expression of MERI5, CLH2, EULS3 and high quantities of ononitol suggest that endosymbiont promotes viability and protects pine seedlings against abiotic stress. Our results indicate that the endosymbiont positively affects host development and stress tolerance through mechanisms previously unknown for endophytic bacteria, manipulation of plant hormone signaling pathways, downregulation of senescence and cell death-associated genes and induction of ononitol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne J Koskimäki
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksentie J1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Pohjanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksentie J1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Fester
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claus Härtig
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Podolich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str., 150 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Jaanika Edesi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksentie J1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Production Systems, Tree Breeding, Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKE, FI-57200 Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksentie J1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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19
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Beard E, Lengacher S, Dias S, Magistretti PJ, Finsterwald C. Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 12:825816. [PMID: 35087428 PMCID: PMC8787066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.825816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress and homeostatic tone. Energy demands of the brain are very large, as they continuously account for 20–25% of the whole body’s energy consumption. Energy supply of the brain is tightly linked to neuronal activity, providing the origin of the signals detected by the widely used functional brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. In particular, neuroenergetic coupling is regulated by astrocytes through glutamate uptake that triggers astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and leads to glucose uptake and lactate release, a mechanism known as the Astrocyte Neuron Lactate Shuttle. Other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mobilize glycogen, the reserve for glucose exclusively localized in astrocytes, also resulting in lactate release. Lactate is then transferred to neurons where it is used, after conversion to pyruvate, as a rapid energy substrate, and also as a signal that modulates neuronal excitability, homeostasis, and the expression of survival and plasticity genes. Importantly, glycolysis in astrocytes and more generally cerebral glucose metabolism progressively deteriorate in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This decreased glycolysis actually represents a common feature of several neurological pathologies. Here, we review the critical role of astrocytes in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, and how dysregulation of astrocyte-mediated metabolic pathways is involved in brain hypometabolism. Further, we summarize recent efforts at preclinical and clinical stages to target brain hypometabolism for the development of new therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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20
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Li J, Zhang X, Udduttula A, Fan ZS, Chen JH, Sun AR, Zhang P. Microbial-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:763031. [PMID: 34993185 PMCID: PMC8724543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.763031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of structurally diverse natural biopolyesters, synthesized by various microbes under unbalanced culture conditions. PHAs as biomedical materials have been fabricated in various forms to apply to tissue engineering for the past years due to their excellent biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, modifiable mechanical properties, and thermo-processability. However, there remain some bottlenecks in terms of PHA production on a large scale, the purification process, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of PHA, which need to be further resolved. Therefore, scientists are making great efforts via synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools to improve the properties and the product yields of PHA at a lower cost for the development of various PHA-based scaffold fabrication technologies to widen biomedical applications, especially in bone tissue engineering. This review aims to outline the biosynthesis, structures, properties, and the bone tissue engineering applications of PHA scaffolds with different manufacturing technologies. The latest advances will provide an insight into future outlooks in PHA-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Shan Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Zhang X, Liu XY, Yang H, Chen JN, Lin Y, Han SY, Cao Q, Zeng HS, Ye JW. A Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Carrier Platform of Bioactive Substances for Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:798724. [PMID: 35071207 PMCID: PMC8767415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.798724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive substances (BAS), such as small molecule drugs, proteins, RNA, cells, etc., play a vital role in many therapeutic applications, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the therapeutic effect is still a challenge due to the uncontrollable release and instable physico-chemical properties of bioactive components. To address this, many biodegradable carrier systems of micro-nano structures have been rapidly developed based on different biocompatible polymers including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), the microbial synthesized polyesters, to provide load protection and controlled-release of BAS. We herein highlight the developments of PHA-based carrier systems in recent therapeutic studies, and give an overview of its prospective applications in various disease treatments. Specifically, the biosynthesis and material properties of diverse PHA polymers, designs and fabrication of micro- and nano-structure PHA particles, as well as therapeutic studies based on PHA particles, are summarized to give a comprehensive landscape of PHA-based BAS carriers and applications thereof. Moreover, recent efforts focusing on novel-type BAS nano-carriers, the functionalized self-assembled PHA granules in vivo, was discussed in this review, proposing the underlying innovations of designs and fabrications of PHA-based BAS carriers powered by synthetic biology. This review outlines a promising and applicable BAS carrier platform of novelty based on PHA particles for different medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Han
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- China Manned Space Agency, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Shi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Jiang Z, Yin X, Wang M, Chen T, Wang Y, Gao Z, Wang Z. Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1146-1165. [PMID: 35855338 PMCID: PMC9286903 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongbao Gao
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhenfu Wang () and Dr. Zhongbao Gao (), The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhenfu Wang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhenfu Wang () and Dr. Zhongbao Gao (), The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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23
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Bonartsev A, Voinova V, Volkov A, Muraev A, Boyko E, Venediktov A, Didenko N, Dolgalev A. Scaffolds Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Its Copolymers for Bone Tissue Engineering (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2022; 14:78-90. [PMID: 37181830 PMCID: PMC10171059 DOI: 10.17691/stm2022.14.5.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers are actively used in tissue engineering to manufacture scaffolds. Biomedical properties of polymer scaffolds depend on the physical and chemical characteristics and biodegradation kinetics of the polymer material, 3D microstructure and topography of the scaffold surface, as well as availability of minerals, medicinal agents, and growth factors loaded into the scaffold. However, in addition to the above, the intrinsic biological activity of the polymer and its biodegradation products can also become evident. This review provides studies demonstrating that scaffolds made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymers have their own biological activity, and namely, osteoinductive properties. PHB can induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the osteogenic direction in vitro and stimulates bone tissue regeneration during the simulation of critical and non-critical bone defects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Bonartsev
- Associate Professor, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–12 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Corresponding author: Anton P. Bonartsev, e-mail:
| | - V.V. Voinova
- Senior Researcher, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–12 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - A.V. Volkov
- Senior Researcher; N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 10 Priorova St., Moscow, 127299, Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Institute; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - A.A. Muraev
- Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - E.M. Boyko
- Teacher, Essentuki Branch; Stavropol State Medical University, 310 Mira St., Stavropol, 355017, Russia
| | - A.A. Venediktov
- Director; Cardioplant LLC, 1B Tsentralnaya St., Bldg. 2, Penza, 440004, Russia
| | - N.N. Didenko
- Assistant, Department of Pathological Physiology; Stavropol State Medical University, 310 Mira St., Stavropol, 355017, Russia
| | - A.A. Dolgalev
- Associate Professor, Professor, Department of General and Pediatric Dentistry; Stavropol State Medical University, 310 Mira St., Stavropol, 355017, Russia; Head of the Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer of the Research and Innovation Association; Stavropol State Medical University, 310 Mira St., Stavropol, 355017, Russia
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Construction of a sustainable 3-hydroxybutyrate-producing probiotic Escherichia coli for treatment of colitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2344-2357. [PMID: 34480146 PMCID: PMC8484604 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a common disease of the colon that is very difficult to treat. Probiotic bacteria could be an effective treatment. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was engineered to synthesize the ketone body (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) for sustainable production in the gut lumen of mice suffering from colitis. Components of heterologous 3HB synthesis routes were constructed, expressed, optimized, and inserted into the EcN genome, combined with deletions in competitive branch pathways. The genome-engineered EcN produced the highest 3HB level of 0.6 g/L under microaerobic conditions. The live therapeutic was found to colonize the mouse gastrointestinal tract over 14 days, elevating gut 3HB and short-chain-length fatty acid (SCFA) levels 8.7- and 3.1-fold compared to those of wild-type EcN, respectively. The sustainable presence of 3HB in mouse guts promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria, especially Akkermansia spp., to over 31% from the initial 2% of all the microbiome. As a result, the engineered EcN termed EcNL4 ameliorated colitis induced via dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Compared to wild-type EcN or oral administration of 3HB, oral EcNL4 uptake demonstrated better effects on mouse weights, colon lengths, occult blood levels, gut tissue myeloperoxidase activity and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Thus, a promising live bacterium was developed to improve colonic microenvironments and further treat colitis. This proof-of-concept design can be employed to treat other diseases of the colon.
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Volova TG, Golubev AI, Nemtsev IV, Lukyanenko AV, Dudaev AE, Shishatskaya EI. Laser Processing of Polymer Films Fabricated from PHAs Differing in Their Monomer Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1553. [PMID: 34066143 PMCID: PMC8151816 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reports results of using a CO2-laser in continuous wave (3 W; 2 m/s) and quasi-pulsed (13.5 W; 1 m/s) modes to treat films prepared by solvent casting technique from four types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), namely poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and three copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate: with 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (each second monomer constituting about 30 mol.%). The PHAs differed in their thermal and molecular weight properties and degree of crystallinity. Pristine films differed in porosity, hydrophilicity, and roughness parameters. The two modes of laser treatment altered these parameters and biocompatibility in diverse ways. Films of P(3HB) had water contact angle and surface energy of 92° and 30.8 mN/m, respectively, and average roughness of 144 nm. The water contact angle of copolymer films decreased to 80-56° and surface energy and roughness increased to 41-57 mN/m and 172-290 nm, respectively. Treatment in either mode resulted in different modifications of the films, depending on their composition and irradiation mode. Laser-treated P(3HB) films exhibited a decrease in water contact angle, which was more considerable after the treatment in the quasi-pulsed mode. Roughness parameters were changed by the treatment in both modes. Continuous wave line-by-line irradiation caused formation of sintered grooves on the film surface, which exhibited some change in water contact angle (76-80°) and reduced roughness parameters (to 40-45 mN/m) for most films. Treatment in the quasi-pulsed raster mode resulted in the formation of pits with no pronounced sintered regions on the film surface, a more considerably decreased water contact angle (to 67-76°), and increased roughness of most specimens. Colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity (MTT) in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture showed that the number of fibroblasts on the films treated in the continuous wave mode was somewhat lower; treatment in quasi-pulsed radiation mode caused an increase in the number of viable cells by a factor of 1.26 to 1.76, depending on PHA composition. This is an important result, offering an opportunity of targeted surface modification of PHA products aimed at preventing or facilitating cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G. Volova
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Golubev
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Special Design and Technological Bureau ‘Nauka’ Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/45 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Nemtsev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” 50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Lukyanenko
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Alexey E. Dudaev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Müller-Santos M, Koskimäki JJ, Alves LPS, de Souza EM, Jendrossek D, Pirttilä AM. The protective role of PHB and its degradation products against stress situations in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa058. [PMID: 33118006 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria produce storage biopolymers that are mobilized under conditions of metabolic adaptation, for example, low nutrient availability and cellular stress. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are often found as carbon storage in Bacteria or Archaea, and of these polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most frequently occurring PHA type. Bacteria usually produce PHB upon availability of a carbon source and limitation of another essential nutrient. Therefore, it is widely believed that the function of PHB is to serve as a mobilizable carbon repository when bacteria face carbon limitation, supporting their survival. However, recent findings indicate that bacteria switch from PHB synthesis to mobilization under stress conditions such as thermal and oxidative shock. The mobilization products, 3-hydroxybutyrate and its oligomers, show a protective effect against protein aggregation and cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species and heat shock. Thus, bacteria should have an environmental monitoring mechanism directly connected to the regulation of the PHB metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on PHB physiology together with a summary of recent findings on novel functions of PHB in stress resistance. Potential applications of these new functions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim da Américas, CEP: 81531-990, Caixa Postal: 190-46, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janne J Koskimäki
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Luis Paulo Silveira Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim da Américas, CEP: 81531-990, Caixa Postal: 190-46, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim da Américas, CEP: 81531-990, Caixa Postal: 190-46, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Pirttilä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Liu Y, Wei X, Wu M, Xu J, Xu B, Kang L. Cardioprotective Roles of β-Hydroxybutyrate Against Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603596. [PMID: 33935690 PMCID: PMC8082360 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is produced by fatty acid oxidation in the liver under the fasting state and confirmed to play a cardioprotective role in ischemia and hypertensive settings. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but limited by serious irreversible cardiotoxicity. However, whether BHB can protect from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX to induce cardiac toxicity and intragastrically administered into BHB for treatment. They were randomly divided into three groups, namely a sham group (Sham), a doxorubicin group (DOX), and a doxorubicin+β-Hydroxybutyrate group (DOX + BHB). Echocardiography and pathological staining were performed to evaluate cardiac function and fibrosis. H9c2 cardiomyocyte was treated with DOX or BHB for in vitro experiments. Cell apoptosis and ROS were determined by flow cytometry. BHB significantly restored DOX-induced cardiac function decline and partially prevented cardiac reverse remodeling, characterized by increased cell size and decreased fibrosis. In vitro, BHB treatment decreased cellular injury and apoptosis. Also, BHB alleviated oxidative stress level and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion: Our results suggested that BHB could protected from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital as Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Kalia VC, Singh Patel SK, Shanmugam R, Lee JK. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Trends and advances toward biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124737. [PMID: 33515915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are an integral part of most of the daily requirements. Indiscriminate usage and disposal have led to the accumulation of massive quantities of waste. Their non-biodegradable nature makes it increasingly difficult to manage and dispose them. To counter this impending disaster, biodegradable polymers, especially polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs), have been envisaged as potential alternatives. Owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics, PHAs are gaining importance for versatile applications in the agricultural and medical sectors. Applications in the medical sector are more promising because of their commercial viability and sustainability. Despite such potential, their production and commercialization are significant challenges. The major limitations are their poor mechanical strength, production in small quantities, costly feed, and lack of facilities for industrial production. This article provides an overview of the contemporary progress in the field, to attract researchers and stakeholders to further exploit these renewable resources to produce biodegradable plastics on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Orrego AH, Andrés-Sanz D, Velasco-Lozano S, Sanchez-Costa M, Berenguer J, Guisan JM, Rocha-Martin J, López-Gallego F. Self-sufficient asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters catalysed by a novel and robust thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase co-immobilised with NADH. Catal Sci Technol 2021; 11:3217-3230. [PMID: 34094502 PMCID: PMC8111925 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
β-Hydroxyesters are essential building blocks utilised by the pharmaceutical and food industries in the synthesis of functional products. Beyond the conventional production methods based on chemical catalysis or whole-cell synthesis, the asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters with cell-free enzymes is gaining relevance. To this end, a novel thermophilic (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 (Tt27-HBDH) has been expressed, purified and biochemically characterised, determining its substrate specificity towards β-ketoesters and its dependence on NADH as a cofactor. The immobilization of Tt27-HBDH on agarose macroporous beads and its subsequent coating with polyethyleneimine has been found the best strategy to increase the stability and workability of the heterogeneous biocatalyst. Furthermore, we have embedded NADH in the cationic layer attached to the porous surface of the carrier. Since Tt27-HBDH catalyses cofactor recycling through 2-propanol oxidation, we achieve a self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalyst where NADH is available for the immobilised enzymes but its lixiviation to the reaction bulk is avoided. Taking advantage of the autofluorescence of NADH, we demonstrate the activity of the enzyme towards the immobilised cofactor through single-particle analysis. Finally, we tested the operational stability in the asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters in batch, succeeding in the reuse of both the enzyme and the co-immobilised cofactor up to 10 reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Orrego
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Daniel Andrés-Sanz
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Mercedes Sanchez-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Berenguer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science María Díaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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Zheng M, Hou J, Zhan LW, Huang Y, Chen L, Hua LL, Li Y, Tang WY, Li BD. Visible-Light-Driven, Metal-Free Divergent Difunctionalization of Alkenes Using Alkyl Formates. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Le-Wu Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li-Li Hua
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wan-Ying Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bin-Dong Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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From Obesity to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010201. [PMID: 33379163 PMCID: PMC7796248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with the adipose-hippocampus crosstalk, chronically inflamed adipose tissue secretes inflammatory cytokine could trigger neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus, and in turn, impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity under obese and diabetic conditions. Hence, caloric restriction and physical exercise are critical non-pharmacological interventions to halt the pathogenesis from obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration. In response to physical exercise, peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver, can secret numerous exerkines, which bring beneficial effects to metabolic and brain health. In this review, we summarized how chronic inflammation in adipose tissue could trigger neuroinflammation and hippocampal impairment, which potentially contribute to cognitive deficits in obese and diabetic conditions. We also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of caloric restriction and physical exercise by counteracting neuroinflammation, plasticity deficits, and cognitive impairments. This review provides timely insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life.
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Yamanashi T, Iwata M, Shibushita M, Tsunetomi K, Nagata M, Kajitani N, Miura A, Matsuo R, Nishiguchi T, Kato TA, Setoyama D, Shirayama Y, Watanabe K, Shinozaki G, Kaneko K. Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates anxiety-related behavior in a rodent post-traumatic stress disorder model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21629. [PMID: 33303808 PMCID: PMC7728809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that elevated inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and that anti-inflammatory drugs might be a new treatment strategy for PTSD. It has been reported that beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), one of the main ketone bodies produced, can have an anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effect. Here, we investigated the potential anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory effects of BHB using a rodent PTSD model, induced by single prolonged stress (SPS). Male, Sprague–Dawley rats were employed in this study. Repeated administration of BHB attenuated SPS-induced anxiety-related behaviors evaluated by the elevated plus maze test. SPS increased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. In contrast, BHB administration partially attenuated the increase of serum TNF-α. These findings demonstrate that BHB exerts its anxiolytic effects, possibly by inhibiting systemic TNF-α. Hence, BHB may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yamanashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Midori Shibushita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tsunetomi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kajitani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsuo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Clinical Laboratories, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | | | - Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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Montiel T, Montes-Ortega LA, Flores-Yáñez S, Massieu L. Treatment with the Ketone Body D-β-hydroxybutyrate Attenuates Autophagy Activated by NMDA and Reduces Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage in the Rat Striatum In Vivo. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1377-1387. [PMID: 31957603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ketone bodies (KB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate, have been proposed for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, however, the molecular mechanisms involved in KB protection are not well understood. KB can substitute for glucose and support mitochondrial metabolism increasing cell survival. We have reported that the D-isomer of BHB (D-BHB) stimulates autophagic degradation during glucose deprivation in cultured neurons increasing cell viability. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process of damaged proteins and organelles activated during nutrient deprivation to obtain building blocks and energy. However, impaired or excessive autophagy can contribute to neuronal death. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to test whether D-BHB can preserve autophagic function in an in vivo model of excitotoxic damage induced by the administration of the glutamate receptor agonist, N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA), in the rat striatum. METHODS D-BHB was administered through an intravenous injection followed by either an intraperitoneal injection (i.v+i.p) or a continuous epidural infusion (i.v+pump), or through a continuous infusion of D-BHB alone. Changes in the autophagy proteins ATG7, ATG5, BECLIN 1 (BECN1), LC3, Sequestrosome1/p62 (SQSTM1/ p62) and the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2, were evaluated by immunoblot. The lesion volume was measured in cresyl violet-stained brain sections. RESULTS Autophagy is activated early after NMDA injection but autophagic degradation is impaired due to the cleavage of LAMP2. Twenty-four h after NMDA intrastriatal injection, the autophagic flux is re-established, but LAMP2 cleavage is still observed. The administration of D-BHB through the i.v+pump protocol reduced the content of autophagic proteins and the cleavage of LAMP2, suggesting decreased autophagosome formation and lysosomal membrane preservation, improving autophagic degradation. D-BHB also reduced brain injury. The i.v+i.p administration protocol and the infusion of D-BHB alone showed no effect on autophagy activation or degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montiel
- Departamento de Neuropatologia Molecular, Division de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis A Montes-Ortega
- Departamento de Neuropatologia Molecular, Division de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Susana Flores-Yáñez
- Departamento de Neuropatologia Molecular, Division de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Departamento de Neuropatologia Molecular, Division de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Morris G, Puri BK, Olive L, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Gustad LT, Maes M. Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders-causes and suggested treatments. BMC Med 2020; 18:305. [PMID: 33070778 PMCID: PMC7570030 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. MAIN TEXT Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Raza ZA, Khalil S, Abid S. Recent progress in development and chemical modification of poly(hydroxybutyrate)-based blends for potential medical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:77-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Ketogenic Diet to Attenuate Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4961-4977. [PMID: 32820459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and chronic neurodegenerative disorder that interferes with memory, thinking, and behavior. The consumption of dietary fat has been considered a vital factor for AD as this disease is related to blood-brain barrier function and cholesterol signaling. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a primary genetic risk factor that encodes one of many proteins accountable for the transport of cholesterol and it is deemed as the leading cholesterol transport proteins in the brain. In case of AD development, the causative factor is the high level of serum/plasma cholesterol. However, this statement is arguable and, in the meantime, the levels of brain cholesterol in individuals with AD are extremely inconstant and levels of cholesterol in the brain and serum/plasma of AD individuals do not reflect cholesterol as a risk factor. In fact, APOE4 is neither fundamental nor sufficient for the advancement of AD; it just acts as a synergistic and increases the danger of AD. Another noticeable characteristic of AD is area-specific decreases in the metabolism of brain glucose. It has been found that the brain cells cannot efficiently metabolize fats; hence, they totally rely upon glucose as a vitality substrate. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism can possess an intense effect on brain actions. Hypometabolism is frequently found in AD and has quite recently achieved impressive consideration as a plausible target for interfering in the progression of the disease. One promising approach is to keep up the normal supply of glucose to the brain with ketone bodies from the ketogenic diet signifies a potential therapeutic agent for AD. Therefore, this review represents the role of ketogenic diets to combat AD pathogenesis by considering the influence of APOE.
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3-Hydroxybutyrate Derived from Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Mobilization Alleviates Protein Aggregation in Heat-Stressed Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01265-20. [PMID: 32631857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01265-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under conditions of carbon starvation or thermal, osmotic, or oxidative shock, mutants affected in the synthesis or mobilization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are known to survive less well. It is still unclear if the synthesis and accumulation of PHB are sufficient to protect bacteria against stress conditions or if the stored PHB has to be mobilized. Here, we demonstrated that mobilization of PHB in Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 was heat-shock activated at 45°C. In situ proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (i.e., 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance) showed that heat shock increased amounts of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) only in H. seropedicae strains able to synthesize and mobilize PHB. H. seropedicae SmR1 mutants unable to synthesize or mobilize PHB were more susceptible to heat shock and survived less well than the parental strain. When 100 mM 3-hydroxybutyrate was added to the medium, the ΔphaC1 strain (an H. seropedicae mutant unable to synthesize PHB) and the double mutant with deletion of both phaZ1 and phaZ2 (i.e., ΔphaZ1.2) (unable to mobilize PHB) showed partial rescue of heat adaptability (from 0% survival without 3HB to 40% of the initial viable population). Addition of 200 mM 3HB before the imposition of heat shock reduced protein aggregation to 15% in the ΔphaC1 mutant and 12% in the ΔphaZ1.2 mutant. We conclude that H. seropedicae SmR1 is naturally protected by 3HB released by PHB mobilization, while mutants unable to generate large amounts of 3HB under heat shock conditions are less able to cope with heat damage.IMPORTANCE Bacteria are subject to abrupt changes in environmental conditions affecting their growth, requiring rapid adaptation. Increasing the concentration of some metabolites can protect bacteria from hostile conditions that lead to protein denaturation and precipitation, as well as damage to plasma membranes. In this work, we demonstrated that under thermal shock, the bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae depolymerized its intracellular stock polymer known as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), rapidly increasing the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and decreasing protein precipitation by thermal denaturation. Mutant H. seropedicae strains unable to produce or depolymerize PHB suffered irreparable damage during thermal shock, resulting in fast death when incubated at 45°C. Our results will contribute to the development of bacteria better adapted to high temperatures found either in natural conditions or in industrial processes. In the case of H. seropedicae and other bacteria that interact beneficially with plants, the understanding of PHB metabolism can be decisive for the development of more-competitive strains and their application as biofertilizers in agriculture.
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Peng Y, Gao P, Shi L, Chen L, Liu J, Long J. Central and Peripheral Metabolic Defects Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Mitochondria for Diagnosis and Prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1188-1236. [PMID: 32050773 PMCID: PMC7196371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Epidemiological studies indicate that metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic remodeling occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, even in the early stages of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism underlying metabolic disorders. Therefore, focusing on early metabolic changes, especially from the perspective of mitochondria, could be of interest for early AD diagnosis and intervention. Recent Advances: We and others have identified that the levels of several metabolites are fluctuated in the periphery before their accumulation in the CNS, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial remodeling is likely one of the earliest signs of AD, linking nutritional imbalance to cognitive deficits. Notably, by improving mitochondrial function, mitochondrial nutrients efficiently rescue cellular metabolic dysfunction in the CNS and periphery in individuals with AD. Critical Issues: Peripheral metabolic disorders should be intensively explored and evaluated for the early diagnosis of AD. The circulating metabolites derived from mitochondrial remodeling represent novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD that are more readily detected than CNS-oriented biomarkers. Moreover, mitochondrial nutrients provide a promising approach to preventing and delaying AD progression. Future Directions: Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in the CNS and periphery is involved in AD pathogenesis. More clinical studies provide evidence for the suitability and reliability of circulating metabolites and cytokines for the early diagnosis of AD. Targeting mitochondria to rewire cellular metabolism is a promising approach to preventing AD and ameliorating AD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Hu J, Wang M, Xiao X, Zhang B, Xie Q, Xu X, Li S, Zheng Z, Wei D, Zhang X. A novel long-acting azathioprine polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticle enhances treatment efficacy for systemic lupus erythematosus with reduced side effects. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10799-10808. [PMID: 32391836 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01308k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical immunosuppressants have been widely used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, these small chemical drugs suffer from poor solubility, short circulating half-life and adverse side effects. One of the most effective strategies to extend the circulating time is loading drugs into nanocarriers to form nanomedicines, which is of particular interest for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases but has seldom been applied to autoimmune disorders. Herein, we successfully developed an easy but general drug delivery platform based on the new biocompatible polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) terpolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBVHHx). In this proof of concept study, we loaded the PHBVHHx nanocarrier with the immunosuppressant azathioprine (AZA) for SLE therapy for the first time. The AZA-PHA nanoparticles possessed ∼30% cytotoxicity and slow clearance from the kidneys. In a murine SLE model, AZA-PHA nanoparticles exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy to AZA and AZA-polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles without appreciable toxicity. This delivery system may provide a new and general platform for the development of nanomedicines with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects in SLE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Yañez L, Conejeros R, Vergara-Fernández A, Scott F. Beyond Intracellular Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chiral Hydroxyalkanoic Acids and Polymer Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:248. [PMID: 32318553 PMCID: PMC7147478 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are ubiquitous prokaryotic storage compounds of carbon and energy, acting as sinks for reducing power during periods of surplus of carbon source relative to other nutrients. With close to 150 different hydroxyalkanoate monomers identified, the structure and properties of these polyesters can be adjusted to serve applications ranging from food packaging to biomedical uses. Despite its versatility and the intensive research in the area over the last three decades, the market share of PHAs is still low. While considerable rich literature has accumulated concerning biochemical, physiological, and genetic aspects of PHAs intracellular accumulation, the costs of substrates and processing costs, including the extraction of the polymer accumulated in intracellular granules, still hampers a more widespread use of this family of polymers. This review presents a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of the process engineering and metabolic engineering strategies reported in literature aimed at the production of chiral (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids (RHAs), either from the accumulated polymer or by bypassing the accumulation of PHAs using metabolically engineered bacteria, and the strategies developed to recover the accumulated polymer without using conventional downstream separations processes. Each of these topics, that have received less attention compared to PHAs accumulation, could potentially improve the economy of PHAs production and use. (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids can be used as chiral precursors, thanks to its easily modifiable functional groups, and can be either produced de-novo or be obtained from recycled PHA products. On the other hand, efficient mechanisms of PHAs release from bacterial cells, including controlled cell lysis and PHA excretion, could reduce downstream costs and simplify the polymer recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yañez
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alberto Vergara-Fernández
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Kajitani N, Iwata M, Miura A, Tsunetomi K, Yamanashi T, Matsuo R, Nishiguchi T, Fukuda S, Nagata M, Shibushita M, Yamauchi T, Pu S, Shirayama Y, Watanabe K, Kaneko K. Prefrontal cortex infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, produces antidepressant-like effects in a rodent model of depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:157-165. [PMID: 32125791 PMCID: PMC7722664 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Neuroinflammation is deeply related to the pathophysiology of depression. Beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is an endogenous ketone body, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and peripheral administration of BHB induces antidepressant effects in an animal model of depression; however, it is unclear whether BHB specifically mediates these actions in the brain. Thus, we administered BHB directly into the brain in a rodent model of depression using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm. Methods BHB was continuously microinjected into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using osmotic pumps for 21 days. Behavioral testing included the forced swim test (FST) and the open field test (OFT); the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), were quantified in the PFC, and the concentration of corticosterone in blood serum was measured. Results BHB administration into the PFC significantly decreased immobility time in the FST, without significantly altering locomotor activity assessed in the OFT. Also, CUS significantly increased the levels of TNF‐α in the PFC and decreased serum corticosterone levels; these changes were attenuated by BHB administration. These findings suggest that a small amount of BHB administered into the PFC directly produces antidepressant effects, possibly through anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and can improve hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responses. Conclusion BHB may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of depression based on the neuro‐inflammatory hypothesis, and the PFC is a region implicated in the antidepressant action of BHB. A small amount of beta‐hydroxybutyrate administered into the prefrontal cortex directly produces antidepressant effects, possibly through anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and can improve hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responses.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Kajitani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tsunetomi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsuo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Saki Fukuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Midori Shibushita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shenghong Pu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Morris G, Puri BK, Carvalho A, Maes M, Berk M, Ruusunen A, Olive L. Induced Ketosis as a Treatment for Neuroprogressive Disorders: Food for Thought? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:366-384. [PMID: 32034911 PMCID: PMC7311648 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced ketosis (or ketone body ingestion) can ameliorate several changes associated with neuroprogressive disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Thus, the effects of glucose hypometabolism can be bypassed through the entry of beta-hydroxybutyrate, providing an alternative source of energy to glucose. The weight of evidence suggests that induced ketosis reduces levels of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation-core features of the above disorders. There are also data to suggest that induced ketosis may be able to target other molecules and signaling pathways whose levels and/or activity are also known to be abnormal in at least some patients suffering from these illnesses such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, increased activity of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Sirtuin-1 nuclear factor-κB p65, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This review explains the mechanisms by which induced ketosis might reduce mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders and ameliorate abnormal levels of molecules and signaling pathways that also appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of these illnesses. This review also examines safety data relating to induced ketosis over the long term and discusses the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- C.A.R., Cambridge, United Kingdom,Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry, and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia,Correspondence: Michael Berk, PO Box 281 Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia ()
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
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Li X, Zhan Z, Zhang J, Zhou F, An L. β-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Downregulation of TrkA Expression by Inhibiting HDAC1/3 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317519883496. [PMID: 31648544 PMCID: PMC10624091 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519883496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) plays an important role in the protection of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was designed to investigate whether β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, upregulates the expression of TrkA by affecting histone acetylation in SH-SY5Y cells treated with amyloid β-protein (Aβ). The results showed that BHB ameliorated the reduction of cell vitality and downregulation of TrkA expression induced by Aβ. Furthermore, BHB inhibited the upregulation of HDAC1/2/3 expression and downregulation of histone acetylation (Ace-H3K9 and Ace-H4K12) levels in Aβ-treated cells. The expression of TrkA was upregulated in HDAC1- or 3-silenced SH-SY5Y cells. However, there was no significant difference in TrkA expression between the HDAC2 knockdown and control cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BHB protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The underlying mechanism of the effect may be associated with the upregulation of TrkA expression by inhibiting HDAC1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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44
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Shishatskaya EI, Menzyanova NG, Shumilova AA. The effect of the chemical composition and structure of polymer films made from resorbable polyhydroxyalkanoates on blood cell response. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:765-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Camberos-Luna L, Massieu L. Therapeutic strategies for ketosis induction and their potential efficacy for the treatment of acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2019; 133:104614. [PMID: 31785349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of ketone bodies (KB) against acute brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders has lately been suggested by many studies. Several mechanisms responsible for the protective action of KB have been described, including metabolic, anti-inflammatory and epigenetic. However, it is still not clear whether a specific mechanism of action can be associated with a particular neurological disorder. Different strategies to induce ketosis including the ketogenic diet (KD), caloric restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF), as well as the administration of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), exogenous ketones or KB derivatives, have been used in animal models of brain injury and in humans. They have shown different degrees of success to prevent neuronal damage, motor alterations and cognitive decline. However, more investigation is needed in order to establish safe protocols for clinical application. Throughout the present review, we describe the different approaches that have been used to elevate blood KB and discuss their effectiveness considering their advantages and limitations, as tested in models of brain injury, neurodegeneration and clinical research. We also describe the mechanisms of action of KB in non-pathologic conditions and in association with their protective effect against neuronal damage in acute neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Camberos-Luna
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, Mexico.
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Voinova V, Bonartseva G, Bonartsev A. Effect of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) as natural polymers on mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:764-786. [PMID: 31692924 PMCID: PMC6828591 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, thus allowing them to contribute to the regeneration of various tissues, especially bone tissue. MSCs are now considered one of the most promising cell types in the field of tissue engineering. Traditional petri dish-based culture of MSCs generate heterogeneity, which leads to inconsistent efficacy of MSC applications. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), are actively used for the manufacture of scaffolds that serve as carriers for MSC growth. The growth and differentiation of MSCs grown on PHA scaffolds depend on the physicochemical properties of the polymers, the 3D and surface microstructure of the scaffolds, and the biological activity of PHAs, which was discovered in a series of investigations. The mechanisms of the biological activity of PHAs in relation to MSCs remain insufficiently studied. We suggest that this effect on MSCs could be associated with the natural properties of bacteria-derived PHAs, especially the most widespread representative poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This biopolymer is present in the bacteria of mammalian microbiota, whereas endogenous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is found in mammalian tissues. The possible association of PHA effects on MSCs with various biological functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in bacteria and eukaryotes, including in humans, is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Garina Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anton Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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47
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Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163892. [PMID: 31405021 PMCID: PMC6720297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is increasing. Although the mechanism of the underlying pathology is not fully uncovered, in the last years, there has been significant progress in its understanding. This includes: Progressive deposition of amyloid β-peptides in amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intracellular as neurofibrillary tangles; neuronal loss; and impaired glucose metabolism. Due to a lack of effective prevention and treatment strategy, emerging evidence suggests that dietary and metabolic interventions could potentially target these issues. The ketogenic diet is a very high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, which has a fasting-like effect bringing the body into a state of ketosis. The presence of ketone bodies has a neuroprotective impact on aging brain cells. Moreover, their production may enhance mitochondrial function, reduce the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic mediators. Thus, it has gained interest as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to examine the role of the ketogenic diet in Alzheimer's disease progression and to outline specific aspects of the nutritional profile providing a rationale for the implementation of dietary interventions as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Abstract
Herein, we developed a new and practical catalytic system for the carbonylative synthesis of β-hydroxyesters. By using simple, cheap, and air-stable cobalt(II) bromide as the catalyst, combined with pyrazole and catalytic amount of manganese, active cobalt complex can be generated in situ and can catalyze various epoxides to give the corresponding β-hydroxyesters in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanism studies indicate that pyrazole plays a crucial role in this reaction. Moreover, with the addition of the catalytic amount of manganese, the active cobalt catalyst can be regenerated, which provides a possibility for reusing the cobalt catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xing Xu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
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Wang L, Yang Z, Fan F, Sun S, Wu X, Lu H, Lu X. PHBHHx Facilitated the Residence, Survival and Stemness Maintain of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3294-3302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Fan
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Key Laboratory of
Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Ministry of Education,
Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Bonartsev AP, Bonartseva GA, Reshetov IV, Kirpichnikov MP, Shaitan KV. Application of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Medicine and the Biological Activity of Natural Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Acta Naturae 2019; 11:4-16. [PMID: 31413875 PMCID: PMC6643351 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are actively used in medicine to produce a wide range of medical devices and dosage formulations. The medical industry mainly utilizes PHAs obtained by chemical synthesis, but interest in the medical application of natural PHAs obtained biotechnologically is also growing. Synthetic PHAs are the biomimetic analogs of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and other natural PHAs. This paper addresses the issue of the presence of biological activity in synthetic and natural PHAs (stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, tissue regeneration) and their possible association with various biological functions of PHB in bacteria and eukaryotes, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - G. A. Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - I. V. Reshetov
- Sechenov First Moscow State University, Trubetskaya Str. 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K. V. Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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