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Huang R, Gu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Pan Y, Li B, Ren G, Huang L, Xie Y. A self-assembling graphene oxide coating for enhanced bactericidal and osteogenic properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1378681. [PMID: 38774816 PMCID: PMC11107294 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1378681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a biomedical plastic that can be used for orthopedic implants, but it offers poor antibacterial properties and bioactivity. In this study, PEEK was sulfonated with the obtained porous structure adsorbing graphene oxide (GO). The surface microstructures and properties of the original PEEK, sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK), and GO-grafted PEEK (GO-SPEEK) were characterized. The results revealed that the GO-SPEEK surface is a 3D porous structure exhibiting superior hydrophilicity to the original PEEK. Although SPEEK was shown to possess antimicrobial properties against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the bactericidal effect was even more significant for GO-SPEEK, at about 86% and 94%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro simulated-body-fluid immersion and cell experiments indicated that GO-SPEEK had much better hydroxyapatite (HA)-precipitation induction capacity and cell-material interactions (e.g., cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and extracellular matrix mineralization. The tensile test revealed that the mechanical properties of PEEK were maintained after surface modification, as GO-SPEEK has comparable values of elastic modulus and tensile strength to PEEK. Our investigation sought a method to simultaneously endow PEEK with both good antimicrobial properties and bioactivity as well as mechanical properties, providing a theoretical basis for developing high-performance orthopedic implants in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-Friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Yingjian Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yeju Yuan
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yusong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Bo Li
- State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Geliang Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghai Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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2
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Ahmad F, Nimonkar S, Belkhode V, Nimonkar P. Role of Polyetheretherketone in Prosthodontics: A Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60552. [PMID: 38887343 PMCID: PMC11181886 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Implant prostheses and other fixed and removable metal prostheses have led to an increase in demand for the development of new and efficient materials such as high-performance polymers polyetheretherketone (PEEK) over titanium and other metals because of their further complications in the human body. PEEK is a polymer that is nontoxic and has a modulus of elasticity that is comparable to that of human bone. PEEK implants provide benefits over metal implants, such as reducing the stress shielding effect, simple processing, and color resemblance to natural teeth. And it is a fantastic alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants. The current review is undertaken to understand the properties of this PEEK material to weigh its benefits and drawbacks for potential use in dental implants and other prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazail Ahmad
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sharayu Nimonkar
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vikram Belkhode
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pranali Nimonkar
- Trauma Care Centre, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, IND
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3
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Zhao S, Zhou X, Dang J, Wang Y, Jiang J, Zhao T, Sun D, Chen C, Dai X, Liu Y, Zhang M. Construction of a layer-by-layer self-assembled rosemarinic acid delivery system on the surface of CFRPEEK implants for enhanced anti-inflammatory and osseointegration activities. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3031-3046. [PMID: 38411199 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFRPEEK) implants have attracted widespread attention in the field of clinical bone defect repair. However, the surface bioinertness confines the application of CFRPEEK implants. Inspired by the study of rosmarinic acid (RA)-promoted osteogenic differentiation, a self-assembly surface modification method based on electrostatic interactions, involving deposition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan and rosmarinic acid layer by layer on the surface of poly-L-lysine modified hydroxy CFRPEEK (SCPP/CC5@RA), is proposed to introduce RA on the surface of CFRPEEK for bioactivation. After layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL), the surface of SCPP/CC5@RA exhibits weak electrophoresis (11.43 eV), suitable hydrophilicity, and bioactivity. The results of in vitro studies indicate that the RA release behavior of SCPP/CC5@RA effectively regulates the immune-inflammatory response and promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts. The rapid release of RA (0.17 μg mL-1) in the initial stage can downregulate the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines and significantly reduce oxidative stress levels; the sustained release of RA (0.06 μg mL-1) in the late stage can upregulate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and induce mineralization of osteoblasts. Moreover, the rabbit tibia defect model demonstrates that the LBL technique can enhance the osseointegration of CFRPEEK implants. Compared with the control group, the bone trabecular thickness of the SCPP/CC5@RA group increases by 1.36 times, and the maximum pushing force increases by 2.67 times. In summary, this study provides a promising LBL based RA delivery system for the development of a dual-functional CFRPEEK implant in the field of bone implant biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Junbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Sun
- Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jilin Province Guoda Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dai
- Jilin Province Guoda Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jilin Province Guoda Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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4
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Uysal I, Tezcaner A, Evis Z. Methods to improve antibacterial properties of PEEK: A review. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022004. [PMID: 38364280 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
As a thermoplastic and bioinert polymer, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) serves as spine implants, femoral stems, cranial implants, and joint arthroplasty implants due to its mechanical properties resembling the cortical bone, chemical stability, and radiolucency. Although there are standards and antibiotic treatments for infection control during and after surgery, the infection risk is lowered but can not be eliminated. The antibacterial properties of PEEK implants should be improved to provide better infection control. This review includes the strategies for enhancing the antibacterial properties of PEEK in four categories: immobilization of functional materials and functional groups, forming nanocomposites, changing surface topography, and coating with antibacterial material. The measuring methods of antibacterial properties of the current studies of PEEK are explained in detail under quantitative, qualitative, andin vivomethods. The mechanisms of bacterial inhibition by reactive oxygen species generation, contact killing, trap killing, and limited bacterial adhesion on hydrophobic surfaces are explained with corresponding antibacterial compounds or techniques. The prospective analysis of the current studies is done, and dual systems combining osteogenic and antibacterial agents immobilized on the surface of PEEK are found the promising solution for a better implant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Uysal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Evis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Pu F, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shao Z, Li C, Feng J, Xue L, Chen F. Research and Application of Medical Polyetheretherketone as Bone Repair Material. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300032. [PMID: 37088909 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can potentially be used for bone repair because its elastic modulus is similar to that of human natural bone and good biocompatibility and chemical stability. However, its hydrophobicity and biological inertness limit its application in the biomedical field. Inspired by the composition, structure, and function of bone tissue, many strategies are proposed to change the structure and functionality of the PEEK surface. In this review, the applications of PEEK in bone repair and the optimization strategy for PEEK's biological activity are reviewed, which provides a direction for the development of multifunctional bone repair materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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6
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Tan X, Wang Z, Yang X, Yu P, Sun M, Zhao Y, Yu H. Enhancing cell adhesive and antibacterial activities of glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone through Mg and Ag PIII. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad066. [PMID: 37489146 PMCID: PMC10363026 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK-GF) shows great potential for application as a dental implant restoration material; however, its surface bioinertness and poor antibacterial properties limit its integration with peri-implant soft tissue, which is critical in the long-term success of implant restoration. Herein, functional magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) ions were introduced into PEKK-GF by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Surface characterization confirmed that the surface morphology of PEKK-GF was not visibly affected by PIII treatment. Further tests revealed that PIII changed the wettability and electrochemical environment of the PEKK-GF surface and enabled the release of Mg2+ and Ag+ modulated by Giavanni effect. In vitro experiments showed that Mg/Ag PIII-treated PEKK-GF promoted the proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts and upregulated the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins. In addition, the treated samples inhibited the metabolic viability and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis on their surfaces, distorting bacterial morphology. Mg/Ag PIII surface treatment improved the soft tissue integration and antibacterial activities of PEKK-GF, which will further support and broaden its adoption in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Manlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86 0 18980685999, E-mail:
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7
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Gao Y, Pang Y, Wei S, Han Q, Miao S, Li M, Tian J, Fu C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang P, Liu Y. Amyloid-Mediated Nanoarchitectonics with Biomimetic Mineralization of Polyetheretherketone for Enhanced Osseointegration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10426-10440. [PMID: 36791143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a widely used implant material, has attracted the attention of scientific researchers because of its bone-matched elastic modulus, radiolucency, and chemical resistance. However, the bioinert chemical properties of PEEK do not promote bone apposition once implanted. In this study, using a phase-transitioned lysozyme (PTL) nanofilm as a sandwiched layer, a robust hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on PEEK (HAp@PTL@PEEK) is constructed. The PTL nanofilm shows strong adhesion to the PEEK surface and induces biomimetic mineralization to form a compact HAp coating on PEEK in simulated body fluids. This HAp coating not only shares a higher adhesion strength and better stability but can also be applied to implants with complex 3D structures. HAp@PTL@PEEK showed significantly enhanced osteogenic capacity when cultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by promoting initial cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo evaluations utilizing models of femoral condyle defects and skull defects confirm that the HAp coating substantially augments bone remodeling and osseointegration ability. Compared with the traditional method, our modified method is simpler, more environmentally friendly, and uses less hazardous components. Furthermore, the obtained HAp coating shares a higher adhesion strength to PEEK and a better osteogenic capacity. The study offers a novel method to improve the osseointegration of PEEK-based implants in biointerfaces and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yanyun Pang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shuting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Min Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Juanhua Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Chengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengge Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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A novel injectable hydrogel containing polyetheretherketone for bone regeneration in the craniofacial region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:864. [PMID: 36650203 PMCID: PMC9845302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an organic material introduced as an alternative for titanium implants. Injectable hydrogels are the most promising approach for bone regeneration in the oral cavity to fill the defects with irregular shapes and contours conservatively. In the current study, injectable Aldehyde-cellulose nanocrystalline/silk fibroin (ADCNCs/SF) hydrogels containing PEEK were synthesized, and their bone regeneration capacity was evaluated. Structure, intermolecular interaction, and the reaction between the components were assessed in hydrogel structure. The cytocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds was evaluated on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Moreover, the osteoinduction capacity of ADCNCs/SF/PEEK hydrogels on hDPSCs was evaluated using Real-time PCR, Western blot, Alizarin red staining and ALP activity. Bone formation in critical-size defects in rats' cranial was assessed histologically and radiographically. The results confirmed the successful fabrication of the hydrogel and its osteogenic induction ability on hDPSCs. Furthermore, in in vivo phase, bone formation was significantly higher in ADCNCs/SF/PEEK group. Hence, the enhanced bone regeneration in response to PEEK-loaded hydrogels suggested its potential for regenerating bone loss in the craniofacial region, explicitly surrounding the dental implants.
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Xin H, Shi Q, Ning X, Chen Y, Jia X, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Li Y, Liu F, Kong L. Biomimetic Mineralized Fiber Bundle-Inspired Scaffolding Surface on Polyetheretherketone Implants Promotes Osseointegration. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200436. [PMID: 36617598 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The stress shielding effect caused by traditional metal implants is circumvented by using polyetheretherketone (PEEK), due to its excellent mechanical properties; however, the biologically inert nature of PEEK limits its application. Endowing PEEK with biological activity to promote osseointegration would increase its applicability for bone replacement implants. A biomimetic study is performed, inspired by mineralized collagen fiber bundles that contact bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the native trabecular bone surface. The PEEK surface (P) is first sulfonated with sulfuric acid to form a porous network structure (sP). The surface is then encapsulated with amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) by magnetron sputtering to form a biomimetic scaffold that resembles mineralized collagen fiber bundles (sPHA). Amorphous HA simulates the composition of osteogenic regions in vivo and exhibits strong biological activity. In vitro results show that more favorable cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation can be attained with the novelsurface of sPHA than with SP. The results of in vivo experiments show that sPHA exhibits osteoinductive and osteoconductive activity and facilitates bone formation and osseointegration. Therefore, the surface modification strategy can significantly improve the biological activity of PEEK, facilitate effective osseointegration, and inspire further bionic modification of other inert polymers similar to PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaona Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xuelian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhouyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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10
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Antibacterial and Proliferative Effects of NaOH-Coated Titanium, Zirconia, and Ceramic-Reinforced PEEK Dental Composites on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010098. [PMID: 36678727 PMCID: PMC9863913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several metallic and polymer-based implants have been fabricated for orthopedic applications. For instance, titanium (Ti), zirconia (Zr), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are employed due to their excellent biocompatibility properties. Hence, the present study aimed to compare the functional and biological properties of these three biomaterials with surface modification. For this purpose, Ti, Zr, and ceramic-reinforced PEEK (CrPEEK) were coated with NaOH and tested for the biological response. Our results showed that the surface modification of these biomaterials significantly improved the water contact, protein adhesion, and bioactivity compared with uncoated samples. Among the NaOH-coated biomaterials, Ti and CrPEEK showed higher protein absorption than Zr. However, the mineral binding ability was higher in CrPEEK than in the other two biomaterials. Although the coating improved the functional properties, NaOH coating did not influence the antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus in these biomaterials. Similar to the antibacterial effects, the NaOH coating did not contribute any significant changes in cell proliferation and cell loading, and CrPEEK showed better biocompatibility among the biomaterials. Therefore, this study concluded that the surface modification of biomaterials could potentially improve the functional properties but not the antibacterial and biocompatibility, and CrPEEK could be an alternative material to Ti and Zr with desirable qualities in orthopedic applications.
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11
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Zhang S, Long J, Chen L, Zhang J, Fan Y, Shi J, Huang Y. Treatment methods toward improving the anti-infection ability of poly(etheretherketone) implants for medical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112769. [PMID: 35994991 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to its favorable chemical stability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) is a promising material for repairing bone and dental hard tissue defects. However, there are critical disadvantages: PEEK is biologically and chemically inert, which influences osseointegration of implants and bonding strength of prostheses, and its mechanical properties still cannot meet the requirements for some medical applications. Furthermore, bacterial infections and inflammatory reactions often accompany bone defects caused by trauma or inflammation or teeth loss caused by periodontitis. Previous studies mainly focused on enhancing PEEK's bioactivity and mechanical performance, but PEEK also lacks effective anti-infection ability. Thus, it is necessary to improve its anti-infection ability, and this is considered in this paper from two aspects. The first is to inhibit the attachment and growth of bacteria on the material, and the second is to endow the material with immunoregulatory ability, which means mobilizing the host immune system to protect tissue from inflammation. In this review, we analyze and discuss the existing treatment methods to improve the antibacterial and immunomodulatory abilities of PEEK addressing their limitations, relevant future challenges, and required research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Jiazhen Long
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yunjian Fan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yuanjin Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulvard, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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12
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Gao W, Han X, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wang J, Shi R, Jiao J, Qi Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J. Modification strategies for improving antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Yongli Li
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Ruining Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Junjie Jiao
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Yuanzheng Qi
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China
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13
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Polymer–Metal Composite Healthcare Materials: From Nano to Device Scale. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals have been investigated as biomaterials for a wide range of medical applications. At nanoscale, some metals, such as gold nanoparticles, exhibit plasmonics, which have motivated researchers’ focus on biosensor development. At the device level, some metals, such as titanium, exhibit good physical properties, which could allow them to act as biomedical implants for physical support. Despite these attractive features, the non-specific delivery of metallic nanoparticles and poor tissue–device compatibility have greatly limited their performance. This review aims to illustrate the interplay between polymers and metals, and to highlight the pivotal role of polymer–metal composite/nanocomposite healthcare materials in different biomedical applications. Here, we revisit the recent plasmonic engineered platforms for biomolecules detection in cell-free samples and highlight updated nanocomposite design for (1) intracellular RNA detection, (2) photothermal therapy, and (3) nanomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases, as selected significant live cell–interactive biomedical applications. At the device scale, the rational design of polymer–metallic medical devices is of importance for dental and cardiovascular implantation to overcome the poor physical load transfer between tissues and devices, as well as implant compatibility under a dynamic fluidic environment, respectively. Finally, we conclude the treatment of these innovative polymer–metal biomedical composite designs and provide a future perspective on the aforementioned research areas.
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14
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Fu W, Liu S, Jiao J, Xie Z, Huang X, Lu Y, Liu H, Hu S, Zuo E, Kou N, Ma G. Wear Resistance and Biocompatibility of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Fabricated with CAST and SLM Techniques. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093263. [PMID: 35591597 PMCID: PMC9104588 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been widely used as dental-restoration materials for many years. This study sought to investigate whether selective laser melting (SLM) is a more appropriate process than traditional casting (CAST) for fabricating dental Co-Cr alloys. Metallurgical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Vickers hardness and nanoindentation tests, and friction and wear tests were used to evaluate the microstructure, surface compositions, mechanical properties, and wear resistance, respectively. Additionally, the biocompatibilities and cell adhesion of the alloys were evaluated with L-929 fibroblasts via CCK-8 assay, Live/Dead staining, flow cytometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay. The XPS results showed that the two alloys were all mainly comprised of Co, Cr, and O. The hardness in the CAST group equaled 7.15 ± 0.48 GPa, while in the SLM group, it equaled 9.06 ± 0.49 GPa. The friction coefficient of SLM alloys remained at approximately 0.46, but the CAST specimens fluctuated significantly. SLM alloys exhibited shallower wear scars and less wear debris compared with CAST alloys, simultaneously. Additionally, there were higher survival and expression of cell-adhesion-related genes on SLM alloys of L-929 cells, which meant that the deleterious effect on L-929 cells was significantly reduced compared with that for the CAST alloys. Overall, the wear resistances and biocompatibilities of the Co-Cr dental alloys were dramatically affected by the fabrication technique. The SLM technique is advantageous over the CAST technique for fabricating Co-Cr dental alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Fu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; (Z.X.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinfang Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; (Z.X.); (X.H.)
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuhai Hu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Enjun Zuo
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ni Kou
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; (W.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (E.Z.)
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (G.M.)
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15
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Chen J, Cao G, Li L, Cai Q, Dunne N, Li X. Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35395651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac65cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment - bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, X-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Guangxiu Cao
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Linhao Li
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Tsinghua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 30 shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, D09, IRELAND
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
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16
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The surface modification of long carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone with bioactive composite hydrogel for effective osteogenicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112451. [PMID: 34702530 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (LCFRPEEK) is fabricated using a three-dimensional (3D) needle-punched method in our previous work, which is considered as a potential orthopedic implant due to its high mechanical strength and isotropic properties, as well as having an elastic modulus similar to human cortical bone. However, the LCFRPEEK has inferior integration with bone tissue, limiting its clinical application. Thus, a facile surface modification method, using gelatin methacrylate/polyacrylamide composite hydrogel coating (GelMA/PAAM) loading with dexamethasone (Dex) on our newly-developed LCFRPEEK composite via concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonating and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation grafting methods, has been developed to tackle the problem. The results demonstrate that the GelMA/PAAM/Dex coating modified sulfonated LCFRPEEK (SCP/GP/Dex) has a hydrophilicity surface, a long-term Dex release capability and forms more bone-like apatite nodules in SBF. The SCP/GP/Dex also displays enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation in terms of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) responses in vitro assay. The in vivo rat cranial defect assay confirms that SCP/GP/Dex boosts bone regeneration/osseointegration, which significantly improves osteogenic fixation between the implant and bone tissue. Therefore, the newly-developed LCFRPEEK modified via GelMA/PAAM/Dex bioactive coating exhibits improved biocompatibility and osteogenic integration capability, which has the basis for an orthopedic implant for clinical application.
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17
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Fabrication of Mg Coating on PEEK and Antibacterial Evaluation for Bone Application. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative biomedical polymer material to traditional metal and ceramic biomaterials. However, as a bioinert material, its wide application in the medical field is seriously restricted due to its lack of bioactivity. In this research, pure Mg was successfully deposited on a PEEK substrate by vapor deposition to improve the antibacterial properties of PEEK implants. The morphology and elemental composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The higher the deposition temperature, the larger the Mg particle size. The Mg coating possesses a hydrophilic surface and a higher surface free energy that create its good biocompatibility. The Mg coating on a PEEK substrate withstands up to 56 days’ immersion. The antibacterial test showed that the antibacterial rate of coated PEEK is 99%. Mg-coated PEEK demonstrates promising antibacterial properties.
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18
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Baig MMFA, Dissanayaka WL, Zhang C. 2D DNA nanoporous scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:657-669. [PMID: 34371047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctional materials with nanomechanical parameters similar to bone tissue may promote the adherence, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. In this study, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoporous scaffold (DNA-NPS) was synthesized by the polymerization of rectangular and double-crossover (DX) DNA tiles. The diagonally precise polymerization of nanometer-sized DNA tiles (A + B) through sticky end cohesion gave rise to a micrometer-sized porous giant-sheet material. The synthesized DNA-NPS exhibited a uniformly distributed porosity with a size of 25 ± 20 nm. The morphology, dimensions, sectional profiles, 2-dimensional (2D) layer height, texture, topology, pore size, and mechanical parameters of DNA-NPS have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size and zeta potential of DNA-NPS have been characterized by the zeta sizer. Cell biocompatibility, proliferation, and apoptosis have been evaluated by flow cytometry. The AFM results confirmed that the fabricated DNA-NPS was interconnected and uniformly porous, with a surface roughness of 0.125 ± 0.08035 nm. The elastic modulus of the DNA-NPS was 22.45 ± 8.65 GPa, which was comparable to that of native bone tissue. DNA-NPS facilitated pre-osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. These findings indicated the potential of 2D DNA-NPS in promoting bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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19
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Sun CK, Weng PW, Chang JZC, Lin YW, Tsuang FY, Lin FH, Tsai TH, Sun JS. Metformin-Incorporated Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:1-12. [PMID: 33971745 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has gradually evolved as a promising therapeutic strategy to the modern health care of aging and diseased population. In this study, we developed a novel nanofibrous scaffold and verified its application in the critical bone defect regeneration. The metformin-incorporated nano-gelatin/hydroxyapatite fibers (NGF) was produced by electrospinning, cross-linked, and then characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, and quantitative osteogenic gene and protein expression were analyzed by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) from rat. Rat forearm critical bone defect model was performed for the in vivo study. The NGF were characterized by their porous structures with proper interconnectivity without significant cytotoxic effects; the adhesion of BMSCs on the NGF could be enhanced. The osteogenic gene and protein expression were upregulated. Postimplantation, the new regenerated bone in bone defect was well demonstrated in the NGF samples. We demonstrated that the metformin-incorporated NGF greatly improved healing potential on the critical-size bone defect. Although metformin-incorporated NGF had advantageous effectiveness during bone regeneration, further validation is required before it can be applied to clinical applications. Impact statement Bone is the structure that supports the rest of the human body. Critical-size bone defect hinders the regeneration of damaged bone tissues and compromises the mechanical strength of the skeletal system. Characterized by their porous structures with proper interconnectivity, the electrospinning nano-gelatin/hydroxyapatite fibrous scaffold developed in this study can greatly improve the healing potential on the critical-size bone defect. Further validation can validate its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kai Sun
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Yih Tsuang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Republic of China).,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
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20
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21
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Addai Asante N, Wang Y, Bakhet S, Kareem S, Owusu KA, Hu Y, Appiah M. Ambient temperature sulfonated carbon fiber reinforced PEEK with hydroxyapatite and reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite composite coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2174-2183. [PMID: 34002921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
30% carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has in recent times, become significant in the orthopedic industry because its elastic modulus can be engineered to match that of the human bone. But it is bioinert and does not integrate well with the immediate bone tissue environment. In this study, a combined surface modification technique involving ambient temperature sulfonation and surface coating of (hydroxyapatite (HA), 5%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(5%RGO/HA) and 10%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(10%RGO/HA) composites) on 30%CFR-PEEK was achieved with an appropriate temperature treatment at 345°C in nitrogen. The coatings adhered unto the surface of S30%CFR-PEEK with an improved hydrophilicity and bioactivity. With the sample S30%CFR-PEEK+HA, having the highest enhanced hydrophilicity from 112.5 ± 2.5° to 20 ± 2° and bioactivity. An improvement in hydrophilicity and bioactivity depicts a change in surface chemistry which will have a positive impact in the interaction of the materials surface with immediate bone environment for a successful application in the orthopedic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Addai Asante
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahd Bakhet
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shefiu Kareem
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kwadwo Asare Owusu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Millicent Appiah
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Li S, Wang T, Hu J, Li Z, Wang B, Wang L, Zhou Z. Surface porous poly-ether-ether-ketone based on three-dimensional printing for load-bearing orthopedic implant. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104561. [PMID: 33965810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) possesses excellent biocompatibility and similar elastic modulus as bones but yet suffers from poor osseointegration. In order to balance PEEK's mechanical and osseointegration properties, a novel surface porous PEEK (SP-PEEK) is successfully fabricated by fused deposition modelling three-dimensional printing (FDM 3DP) and characterized by mechanical and osteogenesis in vitro tests. Moreover, the effects of pore diameter and pore layer number on the mechanical behaviors of SP-PEEK are investigated by theoretical model and numerical simulation. Comparison among experimental, theoretical and simulation results show good agreement. As pore diameter decreases, the equivalent strength and modulus become more sensitive to the decrease of pore layer number. In addition, the SP-PEEK exhibits the mechanical properties within the range of human trabecular bone and cortical bone, and thus can be tailored to mimic human bone by adjusting the pore diameter and pore layer number, which is benefit to mitigate stress shielding. The effects of pore diameter on the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of SP-PEEK are tested by the co-culture of osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) and SP-PEEK round discs. Results showcase that porous surface improves the osteogenesis in vitro, and the SP-PEEK group that the pore diameter is 0.6 mm exhibits optimal-performance osteogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiqiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Lianchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhengong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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23
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Gu X, Sun X, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu K, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Bioinspired Modifications of PEEK Implants for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:631616. [PMID: 33511108 PMCID: PMC7835420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.631616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been increasingly employed as an implant material in clinical applications. Although PEEK is biocompatible, chemically stable, and radiolucent and has an elastic modulus similar to that of natural bone, it suffers from poor integration with surrounding bone tissue after implantation. To improve the bioactivity of PEEK, numerous strategies for functionalizing the PEEK surface and changing the PEEK structure have been proposed. Inspired by the components, structure, and function of bone tissue, this review discusses strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of PEEK implants and provides direction for fabricating multifunctional implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Zhu C, He M, Mao L, Li T, Zhang L, Liu L, Feng G, Song Y. Titanium-interlayer mediated hydroxyapatite coating on polyetheretherketone: a prospective study in patients with single-level cervical degenerative disc disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:14. [PMID: 33407627 PMCID: PMC7788895 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are limited reports regarding investigation of the biological properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) coated with titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite (HA) in human. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo response of the PEEK cages coated with Ti and HA versus uncoated PEEK cages after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with single-level cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD). METHODS Twenty-four patients with PEEK cages coated with Ti and HA (PEEK/Ti/HA group) were matched one-to-one with patients with uncoated PEEK cages (PEEK group) based on age, gender, and operative segment. All patients had been followed up for more than 2 years. Radiological assessments included intervertebral height (IH), C2-7 angle (C2-7a), segmental alignment (SA), and fusion rate. Clinical parameters included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. RESULTS There was no statistical difference in SA, IH, and C2-7a between the two groups before and after surgery and all these parameters were restored postoperatively. The fusion rate of PEEK/Ti/HA group was significantly higher than PEEK group at 3-month post-operation (87.5% vs. 62.5%). At the last follow-up, the fusion rate of the both groups achieved 100%. The VAS and JOA scores were comparable between two groups and improved postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with single-level ACDF, PEEK cage coated with Ti and HA provided a higher fusion rate than uncoated PEEK cage at 3-month post-operation, while both two cages could achieve solid osseous fusion at the last follow up. Compared with the uncoated PEEK cage, PEEK/Ti/HA cage yielded similar favorable segmental and overall cervical lordosis, IH, and clinical outcomes after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ganjun Feng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Wenhao Z, Zhang T, Yan J, Li Q, Xiong P, Li Y, Cheng Y, Zheng Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of structurally-controlled silk fibroin coatings for orthopedic infection and in-situ osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:223-245. [PMID: 32889111 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical device-associated infections (BAI) and osteosynthesis are two main complications following the orthopedic implant surgery, especially while infecting bacteria form a mature biofilm, which can protect the organisms from the host immune system and antibiotic therapy. Comparing with the single antibiotics therapeutic method, the combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and conventional antibiotics exert a high level of antibacterial activity. Nevertheless, one major issue that extremely restricts the potential application of AgNP/antiviotics is the uncontrolled release. Moreover, the lack of osteogenic ability may cause the osteosynthesis. Thus, herein we fabricated a structure-controlled drug-loaded silk fibroin (SF) coating that can achieve the size and release control of AgNPs and high efficient osteogenesis. Three comparative SF-based coatings were fabricated: α-structured coating (α-helices 32.7%,), m-structured coating (β-sheets 28.3%) and β-structured coating (β-sheets 41%). Owning to the high content of α-helices structure and small AgNPs (20 nm), α-structured coating displayed better protein adsorption and hydrophilicity, as well as pH-dependent and long-lasting antibacterial performance. In vitro studies demonstrated that α coating showed biocompatibility (cellular attachment, spreading and proliferation), high ALP expression, collagen secretion and calcium mineralization. Moreover, after one month subcutaneous implantation in vivo, α-structured coating elicited minimal, comparable inflammatory response. Additionally, in a rabbit femoral defect model, α-structured coating displayed a significant improvement on the generation of new-born bone and bonding between the new bone and the tissue, implying a rapid and durable osteointegration. Expectedly, this optimized structure-controlled SF-based coating can be an alternative and prospective solution for the current challenges in orthopedics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, an AgNPs/Gentamycin-loaded structured-controlled silk fibroin coatings were constructed on Ti implant's surface to guarantee the success of implantation even in the face of bacterial infection. In comparison, the α-structured coating had the lowest content of β-sheets structure (19.0%) and the smallest particle size of AgNPs (~ 20 nm), and owned pH-responsive characteristic due to reversible α-helices structural. Thanks to pH-responsive release of Ag+, the α-structure coating could effectively inhibit adhesive bacteria and kill planktonic bacteria by releasing a large amount of reactive oxygen radicals. Through in vitro biological results (cell proliferation, differentiation and osteogenic gene expression) and in vivo rabbit femur implantation results, the α-structure coating had good biocompatible and osteogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wenhao
- Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianglong Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - QiYao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Panpan Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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26
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Osseointegration and biosafety of graphene oxide wrapped porous CF/PEEK composites as implantable materials: The role of surface structure and chemistry. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1289-1302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Jiang X, Yao Y, Tang W, Han D, Zhang L, Zhao K, Wang S, Meng Y. Design of dental implants at materials level: An overview. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1634-1661. [PMID: 32196913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the excellent restoration of masticatory function, satisfaction on aesthetics and other superiorities, dental implants represent an effective method to resolve tooth losing and damaging. Current dental implant systems still have problems waiting to be addressed, and problems are centralized on the materials of implant bodies. This review aims to summarize major developments in the field of dental implant materials, starting with an overview on structures, procedures of dental implants and challenges of implant materials. Next, implant materials are examined in three categories, that is, metals, ceramics, and polymers, their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity are summarized. And as an important aspect, strategies of surface modification are also reviewed, along with some finite element analysis to guiding the research direction of implant materials. Finally, the conclusive remarks are outlined to provide an outlook on the future research directions and prospects of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyuan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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28
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Buck E, Li H, Cerruti M. Surface Modification Strategies to Improve the Osseointegration of Poly(etheretherketone) and Its Composites. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900271. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Buck
- Department of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University 3610 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University 3610 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Department of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University 3610 University Street Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
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29
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Gao A, Liao Q, Xie L, Wang G, Zhang W, Wu Y, Li P, Guan M, Pan H, Tong L, Chu PK, Wang H. Tuning the surface immunomodulatory functions of polyetheretherketone for enhanced osseointegration. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119642. [PMID: 31787332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adverse macrophage-mediated immune response elicited by the surface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is responsible for the formation of fibrous encapsulation and resulting inferior osseointegration of PEEK implants in the dental and orthopedic fields. Therefore, endowing the PEEK surface with immunomodulatory ability is an appealing strategy to enhance implant-bone integration. Herein, a reliable and cost-effective method to construct adherent films with tunable nanoporous structures on PEEK is described. The functionalized surface not only suppresses the acute inflammatory response of macrophages, but also provides a favorable milieu for osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Whole genome expression analysis reveals that the suppression effect arises from synergistic inhibition of focal adhesion, Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, as well as the attenuating loop through the JAK-STAT and TNF signaling pathways in macrophages. Further in vivo studies confirm that the functionalized surface induces less fibrous capsule formation and an improved bone regeneration. The nanoporous films fabricated on PEEK harmonize the early macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and subsequent hBMSCs-centered osteogenic functions consequently yielding superior osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingxia Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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An In Vitro Study of Osteoblast Response on Fused-Filament Fabrication 3D Printed PEEK for Dental and Cranio-Maxillofacial Implants. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060771. [PMID: 31159171 PMCID: PMC6617077 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a prime candidate to replace metallic implants and prostheses in orthopedic, spine and cranio-maxillofacial surgeries. Fused-filament fabrication (FFF) is an economical and efficient three-dimensional (3D) printing method to fabricate PEEK implants. However, studies pertaining to the bioactivity of FFF 3D printed PEEK are still lacking. In this study, FFF 3D printed PEEK samples were fabricated and modified with polishing and grit-blasting (three alumina sizes: 50, 120, and 250 µm) to achieve varying levels of surface roughness. In vitro cellular response of a human osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2 osteoblasts, cell adhesion, metabolic activity, and proliferation) on different sample surfaces of untreated, polished, and grit-blasted PEEK were evaluated. The results revealed that the initial cell adhesion on different sample surfaces was similar. However, after 5 days the untreated FFF 3D printed PEEK surfaces exhibited a significant increase in cell metabolic activity and proliferation with a higher density of osteoblasts compared with the polished and grit-blasted groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, untreated FFF 3D printed PEEK with high surface roughness and optimal printing structures might have great potential as an appropriate alloplastic biomaterial for reconstructive cranio-maxillofacial surgeries.
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31
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Xu X, Li Y, Wang L, Li Y, Pan J, Fu X, Luo Z, Sui Y, Zhang S, Wang L, Ni Y, Zhang L, Wei S. Triple-functional polyetheretherketone surface with enhanced bacteriostasis and anti-inflammatory and osseointegrative properties for implant application. Biomaterials 2019; 212:98-114. [PMID: 31112825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered a potential orthopedic/dental material because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties (e.g., similar elastic modulus to that of human bone). However, the poor bacteriostasis and anti-inflammatory and osseointegrative properties of bioinert PEEK impede its clinical application. We previously developed a facile and versatile surface modification method using dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) bonded by a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating, which effectively modulated cell inflammatory response and discouraged bacterial colonization in vitro. Herein, we report the application of this multifunctional surface modification method to improve bioinert PEEK, aimed at further studying the in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo properties of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK to prevent bacterial contamination, attenuate the inflammatory response, and enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration. Our study established that the Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK surface presented favorable stability and cytocompatibility. Compared with bare PEEK, improved osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under both osteoinductive and osteoconductive conditions was found on the functionalized surface due to the liposomal Dex releasing. In vivo bacteriostasis assay confirmed that Mino released from the functionalized surface provided an effective antibacterial effect. Moreover, the subcutaneous foreign body reaction and beagle femur implantation models corroborated the enhanced anti-inflammatory and osteointegrative properties of the functionalized PEEK. Our findings indicate that the developed Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK with enhanced antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Second Dental Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jijia Pan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zuyuan Luo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yaofeng Ni
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China; Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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32
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Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composites Based on 3D-Printing Technology for Orthopedic and Dental Applications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020240. [PMID: 30759863 PMCID: PMC6406436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rapidly growing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and has great potential in medicine. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible high-performance polymer, which is suitable to be used as an orthopedic/dental implant material. However, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of FDM-printed PEEK and its composites are still not clear. In this study, FDM-printed pure PEEK and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) composite were successfully fabricated by FDM and characterized by mechanical tests. Moreover, the sample surfaces were modified with polishing and sandblasting methods to analyze the influence of surface roughness and topography on general biocompatibility (cytotoxicity) and cell adhesion. The results indicated that the printed CFR-PEEK samples had significantly higher general mechanical strengths than the printed pure PEEK (even though there was no statistical difference in compressive strength). Both PEEK and CFR-PEEK materials showed good biocompatibility with and without surface modification. Cell densities on the "as-printed" PEEK and the CFR-PEEK sample surfaces were significantly higher than on the corresponding polished and sandblasted samples. Therefore, the FDM-printed CFR-PEEK composite with proper mechanical strengths has potential as a biomaterial for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications.
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33
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Ouyang L, Chen M, Wang D, Lu T, Wang H, Meng F, Yang Y, Ma J, Yeung KWK, Liu X. Nano Textured PEEK Surface for Enhanced Osseointegration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1279-1289. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Heying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kelvin W. K. Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Bathala L, Majeti V, Rachuri N, Singh N, Gedela S. The Role of Polyether Ether Ketone (Peek) in Dentistry - A Review. J Med Life 2019; 12:5-9. [PMID: 31123518 PMCID: PMC6527406 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to review the applications of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) in dentistry. The increased demand for aesthetics, legislation in some developed countries, few drawbacks with existing materials and clinicians shifting their paradigms towards metal free restorations led space for the metal-free restorations in today's dental practice. An electronic literature search was conducted through Medline via PubMed, Wiley Online library, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, as well as the Google Scholar between January 2010 and March 2018 using the keywords: PEEK, modified PEEK, PEEK and Dental, advantages of PEEK, applications of PEEK in dentistry and PEEK Implants. A total of 103 articles were found in the literature search and out of these, 18 were not related to our study and hence were excluded. Finally, 85 articles were found to be relevant. PEEK has been explained for a number of applications in dental practice. The literature showed that the PEEK material has superior mechanical properties with different uses in various specialties of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmana Bathala
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
| | - Vaishnavi Majeti
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
| | - Narendra Rachuri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
| | - Nibha Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
| | - Sirisha Gedela
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
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35
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Mishra S, Chowdhary R. PEEK materials as an alternative to titanium in dental implants: A systematic review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 21:208-222. [PMID: 30589497 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of the available research on PEEK materials to find that whether PEEK material has favorable properties and can enhance osseointegration, so that they can be utilize as implants material. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic and structured systematic search was undertaken in May 2018, without any restrictions of time in the Medline/Pubmed, Sci-hub, Ebscohost, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. To identify other related references further hand search was done. Articles related to PEEK and their applications in implants were only included. Articles not available in abstract form and article other than English language were excluded. RESULTS Initially, the search resulted in 153 papers. Independent screenings of the abstracts were done by the reviewers to identify the articles related to the question in focus. Sixty-two studies were selected out of which 10 were further excluded due to not in English language. Two additional papers were obtained after hand searching, and finally 54 articles were included in the review. CONCLUSIONS Surface modification of PEEK seems to enhance the cell adhesion, proliferation, biocompability, and osteogenic properties of PEEK implant materials. PEEK had also influence the biofilm structure and reduces the chances of periimplant inflammations. Further research and more number of controlled clinical trials on PEEK implant is required in near future so that it can replace titanium in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Mishra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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36
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Deng L, He X, Xie K, Xie L, Deng Y. Dual Therapy Coating on Micro/Nanoscale Porous Polyetheretherketone to Eradicate Biofilms and Accelerate Bone Tissue Repair. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800376. [PMID: 30549406 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defective osteogenesis and latent infections continue to be two major issues in the therapy of bone tissue regeneration. In this study, a unique hierarchically micro/nanoscale-architecture is first proposed and produced on polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Besides, a "simvastatin-PLLA film-tobramycin microspheres" delivery system is subsequently fabricated to endow the PEEK implant with osteogenic and antibacterial capabilities. In vitro antibacterial evaluations confirm that the decorated PEEK scaffolds possess excellent resistance against planktonic/adherent bacteria. In vitro cell attachment/proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition experiments, and real-time PCR analysis all exhibit that the superior proliferation rate and osteo-differentiation potential of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts are presented on the PEEK samples with dual functional decoration. In the mouse calvarial defect model, the micro-CT and histological results demonstrate that our scaffolds display a remarkable bone forming capability. Generally, the PEEK scaffolds co-endowed with simvastatin and tobramycin microspheres possess great potential in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xianhua He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kenan Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Controllable and durable release of BMP-2-loaded 3D porous sulfonated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for osteogenic activity enhancement. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:668-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Bishal AK, Sukotjo C, Jokisaari JR, Klie RF, Takoudis CG. Enhanced Bioactivity of Collagen Fiber Functionalized with Room Temperature Atomic Layer Deposited Titania. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34443-34454. [PMID: 30212175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface modifications of a biomaterial like collagen are crucial in improving the surface properties and thus enhancing the functionality and performance of such a material for a variety of biomedical applications. In this study, a commercially available collagen membrane's surface was functionalized by depositing an ultrathin film of titania or titanium dioxide (TiO2) using a room temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. A novel titanium precursor-oxidizer combination was used for this process in a custom-made ALD reactor. Surface characterizations revealed successful deposition of uniform, conformal TiO2 thin film on the collagen fibrillar surface, and consequently, the fibers became thicker making the membrane pores smaller. The in vitro bioactivity of the ALD-TiO2 thin film coated collagen was investigated for the first time using cell proliferation and a calcium phosphate mineralization assay. The TiO2-coated collagen demonstrated improved biocompatibility promoting higher growth and proliferation of human osteoblastic and mesenchymal stem cells when compared to that of noncoated collagen. A higher level of calcium phosphate or apatite formation was observed on ALD modified collagen surface as compared to that on noncoated collagen. Therefore, this novel material can be promising in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya K Bishal
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Jacob R Jokisaari
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Christos G Takoudis
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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Sikder P, Grice CR, Lin B, Goel VK, Bhaduri SB. Single-Phase, Antibacterial Trimagnesium Phosphate Hydrate Coatings on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants by Rapid Microwave Irradiation Technique. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2767-2783. [PMID: 33435002 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Article reports the fabrication and evaluation of single-phase, silver-doped trimagnesium phosphate hydrate (Ag-TMPH) nanosheet coatings on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a well-known material used to fabricate orthopedic and spinal implants. While PEEK has better biomechanical compatibility with bone compared to metallic implants, it is also quite inert. Therefore, it is a common practice to coat PEEK implants with conventional calcium phosphates (CaPs) to enhance cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. As opposed to well-studied CaP compounds, relatively less-explored magnesium phosphates (MgPs) are also becoming interesting orthopedic biomaterials and is the prime focus in this research. The novel aspects of this paper are as follows. First, we report developing TMPH coatings within minutes with the help of microwave irradiation technology. Microwave irradiation plays an important role in the coating formation with accelerated kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the fabrication of approximately 650 nm thick TMPH coatings. The coatings resulted in submicron level surface roughness and in vitro cell studies confirmed enhanced MC3T3 cell adhesion within 4 h on such surfaces. The coatings also resulted in significant apatite formation after immersing in simulated body fluid for 7 days. Second, multifunctionality was achieved by doping TMPH coatings with Ag, thus rendering the coatings antibacterial. The antibacterial properties were evaluated against two most common infection-causing bacterial strains-Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated good bacterial resistance and bactericidal properties of the Ag-TMPH coatings. Third, in spite of Ag doping, the single-phase nature of the coatings were retained (without forming composite systems) with the help of the low-processing temperature of the microwave irradiation. The inductive coupled plasma technique confirmed that the doped single-phase TMPH coatings supported a uniform and controlled release of Ag+ ions over a period of 3 weeks. MTT assay evaluations and SEM micrographs confirmed no signs of cytotoxicity and healthy proliferation of cells in all cases. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated a significant rise in collagen (Col1) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression levels in the case of TMPH coated PEEK. Thus, microwave irradiation was successfully employed in forming multifunctional, that is, bioactive, cytocompatible, and antibacterial MgP coatings on PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabaha Sikder
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Corey R Grice
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Boren Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Vijay K Goel
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sarit B Bhaduri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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40
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Yang Y, Luo Z, Zhao Y. Osteostimulation scaffolds of stem cells: BMP-7-derived peptide-decorated alginate porous scaffolds promote the aggregation and osteo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23223. [PMID: 29732529 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scaffolds for stem cell-based bone tissue engineering should hold the ability to guide stem cells osteo-differentiating. Otherwise, stem cells will differentiate into unwanted cell types or will form tumors in vivo. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide with great biocompatibility, was widely used in biomedical applications. However, the limited bioactivity and poor osteogenesis capability of pristine alginate hampered its further application in tissue engineering. In this work, a bone forming peptide-1 (BFP-1), derived from bone morphogenetic protein-7, was grafted to alginate polymer chains to prepare peptide-decorated alginate porous scaffolds (pep-APS) for promoting osteo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). SEM images of pep-APS exhibited porous structure with about 90% porosity (pore size 100-300 μm), which was appropriate for hMSCs ingrowth. The adhesion, proliferation and aggregation of hMSCs grown on pep-APS were enhanced in vitro. Moreover, pep-APS promoted the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hMSCs, and the osteo-related genes expression was obviously up-regulated. The immunochemical staining and western blot analysis results showed high expression level of OCN and Col1a1 in the hMSCs grown on pep-APS. This work provided a facile and valid strategy to endow the alginate polymers themselves with specific bioactivity and prepare osteopromoting scaffold with enhanced osteogenesis ability, possessing potential applications in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zuyuan Luo
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
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41
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Fajstavr D, Michaljaničová I, Slepička P, Neděla O, Sajdl P, Kolská Z, Švorčík V. Surface instability on polyethersulfone induced by dual laser treatment for husk nanostructure construction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Yu X, Ibrahim M, Liu Z, Yang H, Tan L, Yang K. Biofunctional Mg coating on PEEK for improving bioactivity. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:139-143. [PMID: 29744451 PMCID: PMC5935772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High purity Mg was successfully coated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by vapor deposition method in order to improve the bioactivity including antibacterial property of PEEK implant. The morphology and elemental composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), showing that the coating was mainly composed of Mg at deposition temperature of 175 °C, 185 °C, 200 °C and 230 °C. The higher the substrate temperature was, the larger the Mg particle size was. The coating degraded and gradually peeled off from the surface of PEEK after up to 21 days' immersion. It was found that the degradation of Mg coating could strongly kill Staphylococcus aureus with antibacterial rate reaching to 99%. Mg can be expected to be coated on those bio-inert biomaterials to offer specific bioactivities. High purity Mg was coated on PEEK by vapor deposition method. The Mg coating degraded and gradually peeled off from the surface of PEEK after up to 21 days immersion. The degradation of Mg coating could strongly kill Staphylococcus aureus with antibacterial rate reaching to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lili Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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43
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Luo Z, Zhang S, Pan J, Shi R, Liu H, Lyu Y, Han X, Li Y, Yang Y, Xu Z, Sui Y, Luo E, Zhang Y, Wei S. Time-responsive osteogenic niche of stem cells: A sequentially triggered, dual-peptide loaded, alginate hybrid system for promoting cell activity and osteo-differentiation. Biomaterials 2018; 163:25-42. [PMID: 29452946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of stem cell-based bone tissue engineering has been hampered by cell death and limited fate control. A smart cell culture system with the capability of sequentially delivering multiple factors in specific growth stages, like the mechanism of the natural extracellular matrix modulating tissue formation, is attractive for enhancing cell activity and controlling cell fate. Here, a bone forming peptide-1 (BFP-1)-laden mesoporous silica nanoparticles (pep@MSNs) incorporated adhesion peptide, containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) domain, modified alginate hydrogel (RA) system (pep@MSNs-RA) was developed to promote the activity and stimulate osteo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in sequence. The survivability and proliferation of hMSCs were enhanced in the adhesion peptide modified hydrogel. Next, BFP-1 released from pep@MSNs induced hMSCs osteo-differentiation after the proliferation stage. Moreover, BFP-1 near the cells was self-captured by the additional cell-peptide cross-linked networks formed by the ligands (RGD) binding to receptors on the cell surface, leading to long-term sustained osteo-stimulation of hMSCs. The results suggest that independent and sequential stimulation in proliferation and osteo-differentiation stages could synergistically enhance the survivability, expansion, and osteogenesis of hMSCs, as compared to stimulating alone or simultaneously. Overall, this study provided a new and valid strategy for stem cell expansion and osteo-differentiation in 2D or 3D culture systems, possessing potential applications in 3D bio-printing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyuan Luo
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jijia Pan
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yalin Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhixiu Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - En Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Zhang J, Wei W, Yang L, Pan Y, Wang X, Wang T, Tang S, Yao Y, Hong H, Wei J. Stimulation of cell responses and bone ingrowth into macro-microporous implants of nano-bioglass/polyetheretherketone composite and enhanced antibacterial activity by release of hinokitiol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:347-357. [PMID: 29413616 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poor osteogenesis and bacterial infection lead to the failure of implants, thus enhancements of osteogenic activity and antibacterial activity of the implants have significances in orthopedic applications. In this study, macro-microporous bone implants of nano-bioglass (nBG) and polyetheretherketone (PK) composite (mBPC) were fabricated. The results indicated that the mBPC with the porosity of around 70% exhibited interconnected macropores (sizes of about 400 μm) and micropores (sizes of about 10 μm). The apatite mineralization ability of mBPC in simulated body fluid (SBF) was significantly improved compared with macroporous nBG/PK composite (BPC) without micropores and macroporous PK (mPK). Drug of hinokitiol (HK) was loaded into mBPC (dmBPC), which displayed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation and ALP activity were significantly promoted by mBPC and dmBPC as compared with BPC and mPK. The micro-CT and histological evaluation showed that both mBPC and dmBPC containing nBG and micropores induced higher new bone formation into porous implants than mPK and BPC. The immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that the expression of BMP-2 in mBPC and dmBPC exhibited obviously higher level than mPK and BPC. The results suggested that the incorporation of nBG and micropores in mBPC obviously improved the osteogenic activity, and mBPC load with HK also promoted osteogenesis, indicating good biocompatibility. The dmBPC with HK significantly enhanced osteogenesis and antibacterial activity, which had great potential as bone implant for hard tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wei
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech. University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yongkang Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Tinglan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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Rahmitasari F, Ishida Y, Kurahashi K, Matsuda T, Watanabe M, Ichikawa T. PEEK with Reinforced Materials and Modifications for Dental Implant Applications. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:E35. [PMID: 29563441 PMCID: PMC5806965 DOI: 10.3390/dj5040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semi-crystalline linear polycyclic thermoplastic that has been proposed as a substitute for metals in biomaterials. PEEK can also be applied to dental implant materials as a superstructure, implant abutment, or implant body. This article summarizes the current research on PEEK applications in dental implants, especially for the improvement of PEEK surface and body modifications. Although various benchmark reports on the reinforcement and surface modifications of PEEK are available, few clinical trials using PEEK for dental implant bodies have been published. Controlled clinical trials, especially for the use of PEEK in implant abutment and implant bodies, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitria Rahmitasari
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
| | - Yuichi Ishida
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kurahashi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Ichikawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Antimicrobial and Osseointegration Properties of Nanostructured Titanium Orthopaedic Implants. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111302. [PMID: 29137166 PMCID: PMC5706249 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface design of titanium implants influences not only the local biological reactions but also affects at least the clinical result in orthopaedic application. During the last decades, strong efforts have been made to improve osteointegration and prevent bacterial adhesion to these surfaces. Following the rule of “smaller, faster, cheaper”, nanotechnology has encountered clinical application. It is evident that the hierarchical implant surface micro- and nanotopography orchestrate the biological cascades of early peri-implant endosseous healing or implant loosening. This review of the literature gives a brief overview of nanostructured titanium-base biomaterials designed to improve osteointegration and prevent from bacterial infection.
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47
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Chen M, Ouyang L, Lu T, Wang H, Meng F, Yang Y, Ning C, Ma J, Liu X. Enhanced Bioactivity and Bacteriostasis of Surface Fluorinated Polyetheretherketone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16824-16833. [PMID: 28474880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been considered as a potential orthopedic and dental application material due to its similar elastic modulus as bones, inferior osseointegration and bacteriostasis of PEEK hampers its clinical application. In this work, fluorinated PEEK was constructed via plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) followed by hydrofluoric acid treatment to ameliorate the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of PEEK. The surface microstructure, composition, and hydrophilicity of all samples were investigated. Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured on their surfaces to estimate bioactivity. The fluorinated PEEK can enhance the cell adhesion, cell spreading, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to pristine PEEK. Furthermore, the fluorinated PEEK surface exhibits good bacteriostatic effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the major periodontal pathogens. In summary, we provide an effective route to introduce fluorine and the results reveal that the fluorinated PEEK can enhance the osseointegration and bacteriostasis, which provides a potential candidate for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Heying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Congqin Ning
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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48
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Deng Y, Yang Y, Ma Y, Fan K, Yang W, Yin G. Nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced polyphenylene sulfide biocomposite with superior cytocompatibility and in vivo osteogenesis as a novel orthopedic implant. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel functional biomaterials that possess similar mechanical attributes as human bones, accompanied with admirable osteogenesis to replace conventional metallic implants would be an intriguing accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yuanyi Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Sichuan College of Architectural Technology
- Deyang 618000
- China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Chengdu Military General Hospital
- Chengdu 610083
- China
| | - Kexia Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Chengdu Military General Hospital
- Chengdu 610083
- China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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49
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Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. J Prosthodont Res 2016; 60:12-9. [PMID: 26520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer that has many potential uses in dentistry. The aim of this review was to summarize the outcome of research conducted on the material for dental applications. In addition, future prospects of PEEK in the field of clinical dentistry have been highlighted. STUDY SELECTION An electronic search was carried out via the PubMed (Medline) database using keywords 'polyetheretherketone', 'dental' and 'dentistry' in combination. Original research papers published in English language in last fifteen year were considered. The studies relevant to our review were critically analyzed and summarized. RESULTS PEEK has been explored for a number of applications for clinical dentistry. For example, PEEK dental implants have exhibited lesser stress shielding compared to titanium dental implants due to closer match of mechanical properties of PEEK and bone. PEEK is a promising material for a number of removable and fixed prosthesis. Furthermore, recent studies have focused improving the bioactivity of PEEK implants at the nanoscale. CONCLUSION Considering mechanical and physical properties similar to bone, PEEK can be used in many areas of dentistry. Improving the bioactivity of PEEK dental implants without compromising their mechanical properties is a major challenge. Further modifications and improving the material properties may increase its applications in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Division of Oral Health & Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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50
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Gan K, Liu H, Jiang L, Liu X, Song X, Niu D, Chen T, Liu C. Bioactivity and antibacterial effect of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation on polyetheretherketone. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e263-e274. [PMID: 27578287 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the bioactivity and antibacterial effect of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) on polyetheretherketone (PEEK). METHODS According to the different modified parameters, the PEEK specimens were randomly divided into four main groups (n=49/group): PEEK-C, PEEK-I, PEEK-L, and PEEK-H. Then, N2-PIII surface modification was conducted using the corresponding parameters. The microstructure and composition of the modified PEEK surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The water contact angle of the PEEK surface was also studied by contact angle meters. The bioactive ability of PEEK samples was evaluated by observing the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MG63 cells cultured on the PEEK samples. Antibacterial property of the samples against Staphylococcus aureus was detected with the plate colony-counting methods. RESULTS SEM and AFM analysis shows that PEEK-C surface is relatively smooth with the Ra value of 50.6±2.52nm. PEEK-I and PEEK-L surface is rough with the Ra value of 435.9±6.47nm and 443.23±5.49nm, respectively, and the PEEK-H surface is the most rough with the Ra value of 608.4±3.14nm. XPS element analysis demonstrated that nitrogen functional groups were successfully introduced into the surface of PIII-modified PEEK. Biological evaluation and the antibacterial results showed that nitrogen PIII treatment can significantly improve the biological activity of PEEK, and samples showed antibacterial properties against S. aureus. SIGNIFICANCE PEEK surface subjected to the N2-PIII treatment showed better biological activity and antibacterial effect. Therefore, N2-PIII-treated PEEK surface is promising in bone tissue engineering and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Gan
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Deli Niu
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Tianjie Chen
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
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