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Shi Y, Yang X, Min J, Kong W, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen L. Advancements in culture technology of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells: implications for diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343255. [PMID: 38681772 PMCID: PMC11045945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies exhibit considerable promise in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Extensive research has been dedicated to elucidate the characteristics and potential applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Three-dimensional (3D) culture, characterized by rapid advancements, holds promise for efficacious treatment of diabetes and its complications. Notably, 3D cultured ASCs manifest enhanced cellular properties and functions compared to traditional monolayer-culture. In this review, the factors influencing the biological functions of ASCs during culture are summarized. Additionally, the effects of 3D cultured techniques on cellular properties compared to two-dimensional culture is described. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of 3D cultured ASCs in diabetes and its complications are discussed to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinze Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Forghani P, Rashid A, Armand LC, Wolfson D, Liu R, Cho HC, Maxwell JT, Jo H, Salaita K, Xu C. Simulated microgravity improves maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2243. [PMID: 38278855 PMCID: PMC10817987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) possess tremendous potential for basic research and translational application. However, these cells structurally and functionally resemble fetal cardiomyocytes, which is a major limitation of these cells. Microgravity can significantly alter cell behavior and function. Here we investigated the effect of simulated microgravity on hiPSC-CM maturation. Following culture under simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine for 7 days, 3D hiPSC-CMs had increased mitochondrial content as detected by a mitochondrial protein and mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratio. The cells also had increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Consistently, simulated microgravity increased mitochondrial respiration in 3D hiPSC-CMs, as indicated by higher levels of maximal respiration and ATP content, suggesting improved metabolic maturation in simulated microgravity cultures compared with cultures under normal gravity. Cells from simulated microgravity cultures also had improved Ca2+ transient parameters, a functional characteristic of more mature cardiomyocytes. In addition, these cells had improved structural properties associated with more mature cardiomyocytes, including increased sarcomere length, z-disc length, nuclear diameter, and nuclear eccentricity. These findings indicate that microgravity enhances the maturation of hiPSC-CMs at the structural, metabolic, and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aysha Rashid
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence C Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David Wolfson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Hwang H, Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Fite J, Boland G, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity increases expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation in human cardiac spheres. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:88. [PMID: 38071377 PMCID: PMC10710480 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is important for their application in basic and translational studies. Space microgravity can significantly change cell activities and function. Previously, we reported upregulation of genes associated with cardiac proliferation in cardiac progenitors derived from hiPSCs that were exposed to space microgravity for 3 days. Here we investigated the effect of long-term exposure of hiPSC-cardiac progenitors to space microgravity on global gene expression. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and cultured for 3 weeks under ISS microgravity and ISS 1 G conditions. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and cardiac structure/function and downregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix regulation in the ISS microgravity cultures compared with the ISS 1 G cultures. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes mapping identified the upregulation of biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and pathways associated with cell cycle, cardiac differentiation, and cardiac function. Taking together, these results suggest that space microgravity has a beneficial effect on the differentiation and growth of cardiac progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cui Y, Liu W, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Dai J. Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202768. [PMID: 36893386 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Herein, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated-microgravity devices and cutting-edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials-dependent or biomaterials-independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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Alsobaie S, Alsobaie T, Alshammary A, Mantalaris S. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional lung alveolar epithelial cells in 3D dynamic culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1173149. [PMID: 37388774 PMCID: PMC10303808 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Understanding lung epithelium cell development from human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) in vitro can lead to an individualized model for lung engineering, therapy, and drug testing. Method: We developed a protocol to produce lung mature type I pneumocytes using encapsulation of human IPSCs in 1.1% (w/v) alginate solution within a rotating wall bioreactor system in only 20 days without using feeder cells. The aim was to reduce exposure to animal products and laborious interventions in the future. Results: The three-dimensional (3D) bioprocess allowed cell derivation into endoderm, and subsequently into type II alveolar epithelial cells within a very short period. Cells successfully expressed surfactant proteins C and B associated with type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the key structure of lamellar bodies and microvilli was shown by transmission electron microscopy. The survival rate was the highest under dynamic conditions, which reveal the possibility of adapting this integration for large-scale cell production of alveolar epithelial cells from human IPSCs. Discussion: We were able to develop a strategy for the culture and differentiation of human IPSCs into alveolar type II cells using an in vitro system that mimics the in vivo environment. Hydrogel beads would offer a suitable matrix for 3D cultures and that the high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactor can be used to increase the differentiation of human IPSCs relative to the results obtained with traditional monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamador Alsobaie
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amal Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakis Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Yang X, Li Q, Liu W, Zong C, Wei L, Shi Y, Han Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 36823236 PMCID: PMC10229624 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is a significant health burden worldwide, resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and accounting for many deaths each year. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is very complex, which makes treatment challenging. Endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Paradoxically, exogenous MSCs have also been used in clinical trials for liver cirrhosis, and their effectiveness has been observed in most completed clinical trials. There are still many issues to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. In this review, we will examine the controversial role of MSCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. We also investigated the clinical trials involving MSCs in liver cirrhosis, summarized the parameters that need to be standardized, and discussed how to promote the use of MSCs from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Raik S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Rattan V, Das A, Kumar N, Srinivasan R, Bhattacharyya S. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of dental pulp-derived stromal cells enhance their biological and regenerative properties for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:106422. [PMID: 37172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) spheroids generated in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system serve as a surrogate model that maintain stem cell characteristics since these mimic the in vivo behavior of cells and tissue more closely. Our study involved a detailed characterization of the spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment flasks. The spheroids were evaluated and compared for their morphology, structural integrity, viability, proliferation, biocomponents, stem cell phenotype and differentiation abilities with monolayer culture derived cells (2D culture). The in-vivo therapeutic efficacy of DPSCs derived from 2D and 3D culture was also assessed by transplanting them in an animal model of the critical-sized calvarial defect. DPSCs formed compact and well-organized multicellular spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment condition with superior stemness, differentiation, and regenerative abilities than monolayer cells. They maintained lower proliferative state and showed marked difference in the cellular biocomponents such as lipid, amide and nucleic acid between DPSCs from 2D and 3D cultures. The scaffold-free 3D culture efficiently preserves DPSCs intrinsic properties and functionality by maintaining them in the state close to the native tissues. The scaffold free 3D culture methods allow easy collection of a large number of multicellular spheroids of DPSCs and therefore, this can be adopted as a feasible and efficient method of generating robust spheroids for various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakshi Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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Spatio-temporal dynamics enhance cellular diversity, neuronal function and further maturation of human cerebral organoids. Commun Biol 2023; 6:173. [PMID: 36788328 PMCID: PMC9926461 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioengineerined and whole matured human brain organoids stand as highly valuable three-dimensional in vitro brain-mimetic models to recapitulate in vivo brain development, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Various instructive signals affecting multiple biological processes including morphogenesis, developmental stages, cell fate transitions, cell migration, stem cell function and immune responses have been employed for generation of physiologically functional cerebral organoids. However, the current approaches for maturation require improvement for highly harvestable and functional cerebral organoids with reduced batch-to-batch variabilities. Here, we demonstrate two different engineering approaches, the rotating cell culture system (RCCS) microgravity bioreactor and a newly designed microfluidic platform (µ-platform) to improve harvestability, reproducibility and the survival of high-quality cerebral organoids and compare with those of traditional spinner and shaker systems. RCCS and µ-platform organoids have reached ideal sizes, approximately 95% harvestability, prolonged culture time with Ki-67 + /CD31 + /β-catenin+ proliferative, adhesive and endothelial-like cells and exhibited enriched cellular diversity (abundant neural/glial/ endothelial cell population), structural brain morphogenesis, further functional neuronal identities (glutamate secreting glutamatergic, GABAergic and hippocampal neurons) and synaptogenesis (presynaptic-postsynaptic interaction) during whole human brain development. Both organoids expressed CD11b + /IBA1 + microglia and MBP + /OLIG2 + oligodendrocytes at high levels as of day 60. RCCS and µ-platform organoids showing high levels of physiological fidelity a high level of physiological fidelity can serve as functional preclinical models to test new therapeutic regimens for neurological diseases and benefit from multiplexing.
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Bayaraa O, Dashnyam K, Singh RK, Mandakhbayar N, Lee JH, Park JT, Lee JH, Kim HW. Nanoceria-GO-intercalated multicellular spheroids revascularize and salvage critical ischemic limbs through anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic functions. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121914. [PMID: 36436306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a serious form of peripheral arterial disease that involves severe blockage of blood flow in lower extremities, often leading to foot necrosis and limb loss. Lack of blood flow and high pro-inflammation with overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CLI aggravate the degenerative events. Among other therapies, cell delivery is considered potential for restoring regenerative capacity, and preservation of cell survival under high oxidative stress has been challenging and prerequisite to harness cellular functions. Here, we introduce a multicellular delivery system that is intercalated with nanoceria-decorated graphene oxide (CeGO), which is considered to have high ROS scavenging ability while providing cell-matrix interaction signals. The CeGO nano-microsheets (8-nm-nanoceria/0.9-μm-GO) incorporated in HUVEC/MSC (7/3) could form cell-material hybrid spheroids mediated by cellular contraction. Under in vitro oxidative-stress-challenge with H2O2, the CeGO-intercalation enhanced the survival and anti-apoptotic capacity of cellular spheroids. Pro-angiogenic events of cellular spheroids, including cell sprouting and expression of angiogenic markers (HIF1α, VEGF, FGF2, eNOS) were significantly enhanced by the CeGO-intercalation. Proteomics analysis also confirmed substantial up-regulation of a series of angiogenesis-related secretome molecules. Such pro-angiogenic events with CeGO-intercalation were proven to be mediated by the APE/Ref-1 signaling pathway. When delivered to ischemic hindlimb in mice, the CeGO-cell spheroids could inhibit the accumulation of in vivo ROS rapidly, preserving high cell survival rate (cells were more proliferative and less apoptotic vs. those in cell-only spheroids), and up-regulated angiogenic molecular expressions. Monitoring over 28 days revealed significantly enhanced blood reperfusion and tissue recovery, and an ultimate limb salvage with the CeGO-cell delivery (∼60% salvaged vs. ∼29% in cell-only delivery vs. 0% in ischemia control). Together, the CeGO intercalated in HUVEC/MSC delivery is considered a potential nano-microplatform for CLI treatment, by scavenging excessive ROS and enhancing transplanted cell survival, while stimulating angiogenic events, which collectively help revascularization and tissue recovery, salvaging critical ischemic limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyunchimeg Bayaraa
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, 14250, Mongolia
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, 14250, Mongolia
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Grilli F, Pitton M, Altomare L, Farè S. Decellularized fennel and dill leaves as possible 3D channel network in GelMA for the development of an in vitro adipose tissue model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:984805. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.984805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D scaffold-based models would represent a great step forward in cancer research, offering the possibility of predicting the potential in vivo response to targeted anticancer or anti-angiogenic therapies. As regards, 3D in vitro models require proper materials, which faithfully recapitulated extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, adequate cell lines, and an efficient vascular network. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible realization of an in vitro 3D scaffold-based model of adipose tissue, by incorporating decellularized 3D plant structures within the scaffold. In particular, in order to obtain an adipose matrix capable of mimicking the composition of the adipose tissue, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), UV photo-crosslinkable, was selected. Decellularized fennel, wild fennel and, dill leaves have been incorporated into the GelMA hydrogel before crosslinking, to mimic a 3D channel network. All leaves showed a loss of pigmentation after the decellularization with channel dimensions ranging from 100 to 500 µm up to 3 μm, comparable with those of human microcirculation (5–10 µm). The photo-crosslinking process was not affected by the embedded plant structures in GelMA hydrogels. In fact, the weight variation test, performed on hydrogels with or without decellularized leaves showed a weight loss in the first 96 h, followed by a stability plateau up to 5 weeks. No cytotoxic effects were detected comparing the three prepared GelMA/D-leaf structures; moreover, the ability of the samples to stimulate differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in mature adipocytes was investigated, and cells were able to grow and proliferate in the structure, colonizing the entire microenvironment and starting to differentiate. The developed GelMA hydrogels mimicked adipose tissue together with the incorporated plant structures seem to be an adequate solution to ensure an efficient vascular system for a 3D in vitro model. The obtained results showed the potentiality of the innovative proposed approach to mimic the tumoral microenvironment in 3D scaffold-based models.
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Ran Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Xie J, Zeng S, Liang C, Dai W, Tang W, Wu Y, Yu S. Mesenchymal stem cell aggregation mediated by integrin α4/VCAM-1 after intrathecal transplantation in MCAO rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:507. [PMID: 36273220 PMCID: PMC9587602 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown immense therapeutic potential for various brain diseases. Intrathecal administration of MSCs may enhance their recruitment to lesions in the central nervous system, but any impact on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow remains unclear. Methods Rats with or without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) received intrathecal injections of 2D cultured MSCs, 3D cultured MSCs or an equal volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Ventricle volume was assessed by MRI on Days 2 and 14 post-MCAO surgery. A beam walking test was used to assess fine motor coordination and balance. Aggregation of MSCs was evaluated in CSF and frozen brain tissue. Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules was evaluated by RNA-Seq, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses. The influence of VCAM-1 blockade in mediating the aggregation of 2D MSCs was investigated in vitro by counting cells that passed through a strainer and in vivo by evaluating ventricular dilation. Results MSC expanded in 2D culture formed aggregates in the CSF and caused ventricular enlargement in both MCAO and normal rats. Aggregates were associated with impaired motor function. 2D MSCs expressed higher levels of integrin α4 and VCAM-1 than 3D MSCs. Blockade of VCAM-1 in 2D MSCs reduced their aggregation in vitro and reduced lateral ventricular enlargement after intrathecal infusion. 3D MSCs exhibited lower cell aggregation and reduced cerebral ventricular dilation after intrathecal transplantation Conclusions The aggregation of 2D MSCs, mediated by the interaction of integrin α4 and VCAM-1, is a potential risk for obstruction of CSF flow after intrathecal transplantation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03189-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shubin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanlei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Di Stefano AB, Urrata V, Trapani M, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F. Systematic review on spheroids from adipose‐derived stem cells: Spontaneous or artefact state? J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4397-4411. [PMID: 36209478 PMCID: PMC10091738 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent the spontaneous state of stem cells with specific gene and protein molecular expression that are more alike the in vivo condition. In vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell adhesion cultures are still commonly employed for various cellular studies such as movement, proliferation and differentiation phenomena; this procedure is standardized and amply used in laboratories, however their representing the original tissue has recently been subject to questioning. Cell cultures in 2D require a support/substrate (flasks, multiwells, etc.) and use of fetal bovine serum as an adjuvant that stimulates adhesion that most likely leads to cellular aging. A 3D environment stimulates cells to grow in suspended aggregates that are defined as "spheroids." In particular, adipose stem cells (ASCs) are traditionally observed in adhesion conditions, but a recent and vast literature offers many strategies that obtain 3D cell spheroids. These cells seem to possess a greater ability in maintaining their stemness and differentiate towards all mesenchymal lineages, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies compared to adhesion cultures. To date, standardized procedures that form ASC spheroids have not yet been established. This systematic review carries out an in-depth analysis of the 76 articles produced over the past 10 years and discusses the similarities and differences in materials, techniques, and purposes to standardize the methods aimed at obtaining ASC spheroids as already described for 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Marco Trapani
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
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Kim B, Yao W, Rhie JW, Chun H. Microfluidic Potentiometric Cytometry for Size-Selective Micro Dispersion Analysis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Hwang H, Armand LC, Fite J, Boland G, Maxwell J, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity improves proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2272-2285. [PMID: 36084640 PMCID: PMC9561632 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In microgravity, cells undergo profound changes in their properties. However, how human cardiac progenitors respond to space microgravity is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of space microgravity on differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac progenitors compared with 1G cultures on the International Space Station (ISS). Cryopreserved 3D cardiac progenitors were cultured for 3 weeks on the ISS. Compared with 1G cultures, the microgravity cultures had 3-fold larger sphere sizes, 20-fold higher counts of nuclei, and increased expression of proliferation markers. Highly enriched cardiomyocytes generated in space microgravity showed improved Ca2+ handling and increased expression of contraction-associated genes. Short-term exposure (3 days) of cardiac progenitors to space microgravity upregulated genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, cardiac differentiation, and contraction, consistent with improved microgravity cultures at the late stage. These results indicate that space microgravity increased proliferation of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, which had appropriate structure and function. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors differentiated efficiently in space Microgravity cultures had increased sphere sizes and cellular proliferation Beating cardiomyocytes in microgravity cultures had improved Ca2+ handling Microgravity cultures had upregulated genes in cardiac contraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lawrence Christian Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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Fois MG, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN, Guttenplan APM, Blitterswijk CAV, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK. Assessment of Cell-Material Interactions in Three Dimensions through Dispersed Coaggregation of Microsized Biomaterials into Tissue Spheroids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202112. [PMID: 35754160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In biomaterials R&D, conventional monolayer cell culture on flat/planar material samples, such as films, is still commonly employed at early stages of the assessment of interactions of cells with candidate materials considered for a biomedical application. In this feasibility study, an approach for the assessment of 3D cell-material interactions through dispersed coaggregation of microparticles from biomaterials into tissue spheroids is presented. Biomaterial microparticles can be created comparatively quickly and easily, allow the miniaturization of the assessment platform, and enable an unhindered remodeling of the dynamic cell-biomaterial system at any time. The aggregation of the microsized biomaterials and the cells is supported by low-attachment round-bottom microwells from thin polymer films arranged in densely packed arrays. The study is conducted by the example of MG63 osteoblast-like and human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, and a small library of model microbiomaterials related to bone repair and regeneration. For the proof of concept, example interactions including cell adhesion to the material, the hybrid spheroids' morphology, size, and shape, material-associated cell death, cell metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and (osteogenic) differentiation are investigated. The cells in the spheroids are shown to respond to differences in the microbiomaterials' properties, their amounts, and the duration of interaction with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Fois
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab N Tahmasebi Birgani
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P M Guttenplan
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, MD, 6200, The Netherlands
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Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Imiquimod- (IMQ-) Induced Murine Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6544514. [PMID: 35813890 PMCID: PMC9262573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6544514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are isolated from the gingival propria with promising regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, several studies, including ours, have found that GMSCs have the therapeutic potentials of nerve regeneration and skin disorders in various types such as the cell itself, cell-free conditioned medium, or extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the mechanobiological behavior of GMSCs is closely related to the culture conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of human GMSCs on imiquimod- (IMQ-) induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Here, we isolated and characterized GMSCs in 2D and 3D culture conditions and found that GMSCs in 2D and 3D infusion can significantly ameliorate the IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation, reduce the levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, and upregulate the percentage of spleen CD25+CD3+ T cells while downregulate the percentage of spleen IL-17+CD3+ T cells. In summary, our novel findings reveal that GMSCs in 2D and 3D infusion may possess therapeutic effects in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Labusca L. Adipose tissue in bone regeneration - stem cell source and beyond. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:372-392. [PMID: 35949397 PMCID: PMC9244952 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized. Different AT compartments (white AT, brown AT and bone marrow AT) and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented. AT-derived stem cell populations - adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent-like stem cells. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources. Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described. The current use of AT- or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented, as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Magnetic Materials and Sensors, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi 700050, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania
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Fang L, Feng Z, Mei J, Zhou J, Lin Z. [Hypoxia promotes differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into embryoid bodies in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:929-936. [PMID: 35790445 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of physiological hypoxic conditions on suspension and adherence of embryoid bodies (EBs) during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS EBs in suspension culture were divided into normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) groups, and those in adherent culture were divided into normoxic, hypoxic and hypoxia + HIF-1α inhibitor (echinomycin) groups. After characterization of the pluripotency with immunofluorescence assay, the hiPSCs were digested and suspended under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 5 days, and the formation and morphological changes of the EBs were observed microscopically; the expressions of the markers genes of the 3 germ layers in the EBs were detected. The EBs were then inoculated into petri dishes for further culture in normoxic and hypoxic conditions for another 2 days, after which the adhesion and peripheral expansion rate of the adherent EBs were observed; the changes in the expressions of HIF-1α, β-catenin and VEGFA were detected in response to hypoxic culture and echinomycin treatment. RESULTS The EBs cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions were all capable of differentiation into the 3 germ layers. The EBs cultured in hypoxic conditions showed reduced apoptotic debris around them with earlier appearance of cystic EBs and more uniform sizes as compared with those in normoxic culture. Hypoxic culture induced more adherent EBs than normoxic culture (P < 0.05) with also a greater outgrowth rate of the adherent EBs (P < 0.05). The EBs in hypoxic culture showed significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of β-catenin and VEGFA (P < 0.05) and protein expressions of HIF-1 α, β-catenin and VEGFA (P < 0.05), and their protein expresisons levels were significantly lowered after treatment with echinomycin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hypoxia can promote the formation and maturation of suspended EBs and enhance their adherence and post-adherent proliferation without affecting their pluripotency for differentiation into all the 3 germ layers. Our results provide preliminary evidence that activation of HIF-1α/β-catenin/VEGFA signaling pathway can enhance the differentiation potential of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Z Feng
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - J Mei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - J Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Z Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Scaffold-free 3D culturing enhance pluripotency, immunomodulatory factors, and differentiation potential of Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151245. [PMID: 35667339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show a decline in pluripotency and differentiation with increased cell culture passages in 2D cultures. The 2D monolayer culture fails to correctly imitate the architecture and microenvironments of in-vivo cell models. Alternatively, 3D culture may improve the simulations of in-vivo cell microenvironments with wide applications in cell culture and drug discovery. In the present study, we compared various 3D culturing techniques such as 3D micro-well (3D-S), hanging drop (HD), and ultra-low attachment (ULA) plate-based spheroid culture to study their effect on morphology, viability, pluripotency, cell surface markers, immunomodulatory factors, and differentiation capabilities of Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). The cell morphology, viability, and senescence of 3D cultured WJ-MSCs were comparable to cells in 2D culture. The expression of pluripotency markers (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) was enhanced upto 2-8 fold in 3D cultured WJ-MSCs when compared to 2D culture. Moreover, the immunomodulatory factors (IDO, IL-10, LIF, ANG1, and VEGF) were significantly elevated in ULA based 3D cultured WJ-MSCs. Furthermore, significant enhancement in the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs towards adipocyte (ADP and C/EBP-α), osteocyte (OPN and RUNX2), and definitive endodermal (SOX17, FOXA2, and CXCR4) lineages in 3D culture conditions were observed. Additionally, the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs over the time points 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days was also significantly increased in 3D culture groups. Our study demonstrates that stemness properties of WJ-MSCs were significantly enhanced in 3D cultures and ULA-based culture outperformed other methods with high pluripotency gene expression and enhanced differentiation potential. This study indicates the efficacy of 3D cultures to bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models in regenerative medicine.
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Ro J, Kim J, Cho YK. Recent advances in spheroid-based microfluidic models to mimic the tumour microenvironment. Analyst 2022; 147:2023-2034. [PMID: 35485712 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models can recapitulate the human tumour microenvironment with more accuracy than conventional cell culture models, as they include complex architectural structures and dynamic cellular interactions. Among the diverse platforms for spheroid formation, microfluidic platforms have been extensively applied to study spheroids because they can mimic the in vivo microenvironment. This review provides an overview of the advantages of 3D spheroid cultures with a summary of the recent applications for tumour microenvironment-focused cellular interactions, as well as the studies on spheroids and external stimuli. These 3D tumour spheroid-based microfluidic devices will provide a platform for a better understanding of cellular and external interactions, as well as the discovery of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Ro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Korea
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22
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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23
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Hsieh HY, Yao CC, Hsu LF, Tsai LH, Jeng JH, Young TH, Chen YJ. Biological properties of human periodontal ligament cell spheroids cultivated on chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol membranes. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2191-2202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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24
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Santos LF, Patrício SG, Silva AS, Mano JF. Freestanding Magnetic Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101532. [PMID: 34921719 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A long-sought goal in tissue engineering (TE) is the development of tissues able to recapitulate the complex architecture of the native counterpart. Microtissues, by resembling the functional units of living structures, can be used to recreate tissues' architecture. Howbeit, microfabrication methodologies fail to reproduce cell-based tissues with uniform shape. At the macroscale, complex tissues are already produced by magnetic-TE using solely magnetized cells as building materials. The enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition guaranties the conservation of tissues' architecture, leading to a successful cellular engraftment. Following the same rational, now the combination of a versatile microfabrication-platform is proposed with magnetic-TE to generate robust micro-tissues with complex architecture for TE purposes. Small tissue units with circle, square, and fiber-like shapes are designed with high fidelity acting as building blocks for engineering complex tissues. Notably, freestanding microtissues maintain their geometry after 7 days post-culturing, overcoming the challenges of microtissues fabrication. Lastly, the ability of microtissues in invading distinct tissue models while releasing trophic factors is substantiated in methacryloyl laminarin (LAM) and platelet lysates (PLMA) hydrogels. By simply using cells as building units and such microfabrication-platform, the fabrication of complex multiscale and multifunctional tissues with clinical relevance is envisaged, including for therapies or disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia F. Santos
- Department of Chemistry CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Sónia G. Patrício
- Department of Chemistry CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Silva
- Department of Chemistry CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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25
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El Harane S, Durual S, Braschler T, André-Lévigne D, Brembilla N, Krause KH, Modarressi A, Preynat-Seauve O. Adipose-derived stem cell spheroids are superior to single-cell suspensions to improve fat autograft long-term survival. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1421-1433. [PMID: 35150064 PMCID: PMC8899177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat transplantation is a widely used procedure for surgical reconstruction of tissues. The resorption rate of this transplantation remains high and unpredictable, reinforcing the need of adjuvant treatments that increase the long‐term stability of grafts. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) introduced as single cells in fat has been shown clinically to reduce the resorption of fat grafts. On the other hand, the formulation of ASC into cell spheroids results in the enhancement of their regenerative potential. In this study, we developed a novel method to produce highly homogeneous ASC spheroids and characterized their features and efficacy on fat transplantation. Spheroids conserved ASC markers and multipotency. A regenerative gene expression profile was maintained, and genes linked to autophagy were upregulated whereas proliferation was decreased. Their secreted proteome was enriched in comparison with single‐cell ASC suspension. Addition of spheroids to fat graft in an animal model of transplantation resulted in a better graft long‐term stability when compared to single ASC suspension. In conclusion, we provide a novel method to manufacture homogenous ASC spheroids. These ASC spheroids are superior to ASC in single‐cell suspension to improve the stability of fat transplants, reinforcing their potential in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Evaluation of the Usefulness of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids Formed Using SphereRing® and the Lethal Damage Sensitivity to Synovial Fluid In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030337. [PMID: 35159147 PMCID: PMC8834569 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an irreversible degenerative condition causing bone deformation in the joints and articular cartilage degeneration with chronic pain and impaired movement. Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) or crushed adipose tissue injection into the joint cavity reportedly improve knee function and symptoms, including pain. Stem cell spheroids may be promising treatment options due to their anti-inflammatory and enhanced tissue regeneration/repair effects. Herein, to form human ADSC spheroids, we used first SphereRing® (Fukoku Co., Ltd., Ageo, Japan), a newly developed rotating donut-shaped tube and determined their characteristics by DNA microarray of mRNA analysis. The variable gene expression cluster was then identified and validated by RT-PCR. Gene expression fluctuations were observed, such as COL15A1 and ANGPTL2, related to vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis, and TNC, involved in tissue formation. In addition, multiplex cytokine analysis in the medium revealed significant cytokines and growth factors production increase of IL-6, IL-10, etc. However, ADSC administration into the joint cavity involves their contact with the synovial fluid (SF). Therefore, we examined how SF collected from OA patient joint cavities affect 2D-culture ADSCs and ADSC spheroids and observed SF induced cell death. ADSC spheroids could become promising OA treatment options, although studying the administration methods and consider their interaction with SF is essential.
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27
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Jeong G, Im G, Lee T, Kim S, Jeon HR, Lee D, Baik S, Pang C, Kim T, Kim D, Jang YC, Bhang SH. Development of a stem cell spheroid‐laden patch with high retention at skin wound site. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10279. [PMID: 35600658 PMCID: PMC9115685 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells such as human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) have been used as a representative therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration because of their high proliferation and paracrine factor‐secreting abilities. However, certain points regarding conventional ADSC delivery systems, such as low cell density, secreted cytokine levels, and cell viability, still need to be addressed for treating severe wounds. In this study, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) cavity‐structured stem cell‐laden system for overdense delivery of cells into severe wound sites. Our system includes a hydrophobic surface and cavities that can enhance the efficiency of cell delivery to the wound site. In particular, the cavities in the system facilitate hADSC spheroid formation, increasing therapeutic growth factor expression compared with 2D cultured cells. Our hADSC spheroid‐loaded patch exhibited remarkably improved cell localization at the wound site and dramatic therapeutic efficacy compared to the conventional cell injection method. Taken together, the hADSC spheroid delivery system focused on cell delivery, and stem cell homing effect at the wound site showed a significantly enhanced wound healing effect. By overcoming the limitations of conventional cell delivery methods, our overdense cell delivery system can contribute to biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun‐Jae Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Gwang‐Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
| | - Tae‐Jin Lee
- Department of Bio‐Health Convergence Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gwangwon South Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Sung‐Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Jeon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
| | - Sangyul Baik
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong‐Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University Seoul South Korea
| | - Young Charles Jang
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea
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28
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Muscolino E, Di Stefano AB, Trapani M, Sabatino MA, Giacomazza D, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F, Dispenza C. Injectable xyloglucan hydrogels incorporating spheroids of adipose stem cells for bone and cartilage regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112545. [PMID: 34857257 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage or bone regeneration approaches based on the direct injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the lesion site encounter several challenges, related to uncontrolled cell spreading and differentiation, reduced cell viability and poor engrafting. This work presents a simple and versatile strategy based on the synergic combination of in-situ forming hydrogels and spheroids of adipose stem cells (SASCs) with great potential for minimally invasive regenerative interventions aimed to threat bone and cartilage defects. Aqueous dispersions of partially degalactosylated xyloglucan (dXG) are mixed with SASCs derived from liposuction and either a chondroinductive or an osteoinductive medium. The dispersions rapidly set into hydrogels when temperature is brought to 37 °C. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels are controlled by polymer concentration. The hydrogels, during 21 day incubation at 37 °C, undergo significant structural rearrangements that support cell proliferation and spreading. In formulations containing 1%w dXG cell viability increases up to 300% for SASCs-derived osteoblasts and up to 1000% for SASCs-derived chondrocytes if compared with control 2D cultures. The successful differentiation into the target cells is supported by the expression of lineage-specific genes. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are also investigated. All formulations resulted injectable, and the incorporated cells are fully viable after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Muscolino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Trapani
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Giacomazza
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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29
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Chen J, Zhou D, Nie Z, Lu L, Lin Z, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Long X, Fan S, Xu T. A scalable coaxial bioprinting technology for mesenchymal stem cell microfiber fabrication and high extracellular vesicle yield. Biofabrication 2021; 14:015012. [PMID: 34798619 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac3b90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine; however, the lack of scalable methods for high quantity EV production limits their application. In addition, signature EV-derived proteins shared in 3D environments and 2D surfaces, remain mostly unknown. Herein, we present a platform combining MSC microfiber culture with ultracentrifugation purification for high EV yield. Within this platform, a high quantity MSC solution (∼3 × 108total cells) is encapsulated in a meter-long hollow hydrogel-microfiber via coaxial bioprinting technology. In this 3D core-shell microfiber environment, MSCs express higher levels of stemness markers (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) than in 2D culture, and maintain their differentiation capacity. Moreover, this platform enriches particles by ∼1009-fold compared to conventional 2D culture, while preserving their pro-angiogenic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization results demonstrate that EVs derived from our platform and conventional 2D culturing have unique protein profiles with 3D-EVs having a greater variety of proteins (1023 vs 605), however, they also share certain proteins (536) and signature MSC-EV proteins (10). This platform, therefore, provides a new tool for EV production using microfibers in one culture dish, thereby reducing space, labor, time, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Duchao Zhou
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA general hospital, 100048 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Fan
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang SY, Ren JY, Yang B. Priming strategies for controlling stem cell fate: Applications and challenges in dental tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1625-1646. [PMID: 34909115 PMCID: PMC8641023 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration. Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures. MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal, immunomodulation, proangiogenic potential, and multilineage potency, as well as being readily available and easy to culture. However, major issues, including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo, remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments. Thus, some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo. Currently, priming culture conditions, pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli, preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors, and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies; all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine. Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation. In this review, we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration, antiapoptotic effect, proangiogenic potential, and regenerative properties. Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated. We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Ren
- Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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31
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Egger D, Lavrentieva A, Kugelmeier P, Kasper C. Physiologic isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for manufacturing of cell‐based therapy products. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:361-372. [PMID: 35382547 PMCID: PMC8961040 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raises new hopes in treatment of diseases and pathological conditions, while at the same time bringing immense challenges for researchers, manufacturers and physicians. It is essential to consider all steps along the in vitro fabrication of cell‐based products in order to reach efficient and reproducible treatment outcomes. Here, the optimal protocols for isolation, cultivation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are required. In this review we discuss these aspects and their influence on the final cell‐based product quality. We demonstrate that physiological in vitro cell cultivation conditions play a crucial role in therapeutic functionalities of cultivated cells. We show that three‐dimensional cell culture, dynamic culture conditions and physiologically relevant in vitro oxygen concentrations during isolation and expansion make a decisive contribution towards the improvement of cell‐based products in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
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32
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Nishimura Y, Wang PC. Possibility of culturing the early developing kidney cells by utilizing simulated microgravity environment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 573:9-12. [PMID: 34375766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the successful construction of tissues derived from established iPSCs has been disclosed, but it has been reported that the constructed tissues encounter problems of internal necrosis when their size increases. To solve this problem, a simulated microgravity device is used. However, the culture of early developing kidney cells using this device has not yet been reported. This study investigated whether developing kidney cells cultured in a simulated microgravity environment can differentiate into glomerular cells and renal epithelial cells. The results showed that both mouse developing kidney cells cultured in simulated microgravity and static environment formed kidney spheroids. In static culture, ureteric bud and glomerular structures were not found. While ureteric buds, podocytes, PECAM-1 positive cell aggregates, and primordial vascular plexus were formed in the kidney spheroids in simulated microgravity culture. Moreover, the expression level of the PECAM-1 gene was significant in simulated microgravity culture as compared to that of static culture. These results indicate that simulated microgravity is effective for the differentiation of developing kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Course of Clinical Engineering, Kitasato Junior College of Health Hygienic Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Division of Bioindustrial Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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33
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Efremov YM, Zurina IM, Presniakova VS, Kosheleva NV, Butnaru DV, Svistunov AA, Rochev YA, Timashev PS. Mechanical properties of cell sheets and spheroids: the link between single cells and complex tissues. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:541-561. [PMID: 34471438 PMCID: PMC8355304 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates, including sheets and spheroids, represent a simple yet powerful model system to study both biochemical and biophysical intercellular interactions. However, it is becoming evident that, although the mechanical properties and behavior of multicellular structures share some similarities with individual cells, yet distinct differences are observed in some principal aspects. The description of mechanical phenomena at the level of multicellular model systems is a necessary step for understanding tissue mechanics and its fundamental principles in health and disease. Both cell sheets and spheroids are used in tissue engineering, and the modulation of mechanical properties of cell constructs is a promising tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we review the data on mechanical characterization of cell sheets and spheroids, focusing both on advances in the measurement techniques and current understanding of the subject. The reviewed material suggest that interplay between the ECM, intercellular junctions, and cellular contractility determines the behavior and mechanical properties of the cell aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Irina M. Zurina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, 8 Baltiyskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria S. Presniakova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia V. Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, 8 Baltiyskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V. Butnaru
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A. Rochev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991 4 Kosygin St, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1–3, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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Tsuchida T, Murata S, Hasegawa S, Mikami S, Enosawa S, Hsu HC, Fukuda A, Okamoto S, Mori A, Matsuo M, Kawakatsu Y, Matsunari H, Nakano K, Nagashima H, Taniguchi H. Investigation of Clinical Safety of Human iPS Cell-Derived Liver Organoid Transplantation to Infantile Patients in Porcine Model. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720964384. [PMID: 33103476 PMCID: PMC7784600 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720964384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of liver organoids has been investigated as a treatment alternative to liver transplantation for chronic liver disease. Transportal approach can be considered as a method of delivering organoids to the liver. It is important to set the allowable organoid amount and verify translocation by intraportal transplantation. We first examined the transplantation tolerance and translocation of porcine fetal liver-derived allogeneic organoids using piglets. Fetal liver-derived organoids generated from the Kusabira Orange-transduced pig were transplanted to the 10-day-old piglet liver through the left branch of the portal vein. All recipients survived without any observable adverse events. In contrast, both local and main portal pressures increased transiently during transplantation. In necropsy samples, Kusabira Orange-positive donor cells were detected primarily in the target lobe of the liver and partly in other areas, including the lungs and brain. As we confirmed the transplantation allowance by porcine fetal liver-derived organoids, we performed intraportal transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoid, which we plan to use in clinical trials, and portal pressure and translocation were investigated. Human iPSC-derived liver organoids were transplanted into the same 10-day-old piglet. Portal hypertension and translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to the lungs were observed in one of two transplanted animals. Translocation occurred in the piglet in which patent ductus venosus (PDV) was observed. Therefore, a 28-day-old piglet capable of surgically ligating PDV was used, and after the PDV was ligated, human iPSC-derived liver organoids with the amount of which is scheduled in clinical trials were transplanted. This procedure inhibited the translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to extrahepatic sites without no portal hypertension. In conclusion, human iPSC-derived liver organoids can be safely transplanted through the portal vein. Ligation of the ductus venosus prior to transplantation was effective in inhibiting extrahepatic translocation in newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hasegawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mikami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huai-Che Hsu
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawakatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Comparison of Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Capacity in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5540877. [PMID: 34337022 PMCID: PMC8294966 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many studies demonstrated that stemness and multilineage differentiation potential could be enhanced to greater extent when MSCs are cultured as suspended aggregates by means of three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques. However, there are limited reports on changed mitochondrial metabolism on 3D spheroid formation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the stemness, differentiation potential, and mitochondrial metabolism capacity of 3D dental pulp-derived MSC (DPSC) spheroids in comparison to monolayer cultured DPSCs. We isolated dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and successfully developed a 3D culture system which facilitated the formation of MSC spheroids. The cell aggregation was observed after 2 hours, and spheroids were formed after 24 hours and remained in shape for 72 hours. After spheroid formation, the levels of pluripotent markers increased along with enhancement in adipogenic and osteogenic potential compared to 2D cultured control cells. However, decreased proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed with the time course of the 3D culture except for the initial 24-hour aggregation. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rates of living cells decreased with the time course of the aggregation except for the initial 24 hours. Overall, our study indicated that the short-term 3D culture of MSCs could be a suitable alternative to culture the cells.
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Xie C, Ye J, Liang R, Yao X, Wu X, Koh Y, Wei W, Zhang X, Ouyang H. Advanced Strategies of Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100408. [PMID: 33949147 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The failure to repair critical-sized bone defects often leads to incomplete regeneration or fracture non-union. Tissue-engineered grafts have been recognized as an alternative strategy for bone regeneration due to their potential to repair defects. To design a successful tissue-engineered graft requires the understanding of physicochemical optimization to mimic the composition and structure of native bone, as well as the biological strategies of mimicking the key biological elements during bone regeneration process. This review provides an overview of engineered graft-based strategies focusing on physicochemical properties of materials and graft structure optimization from macroscale to nanoscale to further boost bone regeneration, and it summarizes biological strategies which mainly focus on growth factors following bone regeneration pattern and stem cell-based strategies for more efficient repair. Finally, it discusses the current limitations of existing strategies upon bone repair and highlights a promising strategy for rapid bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jinchun Ye
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yiwu 322000 China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Yiwen Koh
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
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37
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Fracture Healing Research-Shift towards In Vitro Modeling? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070748. [PMID: 34203470 PMCID: PMC8301383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are one of the most frequently occurring traumatic events worldwide. Approximately 10% of fractures lead to bone healing disorders, resulting in strain for affected patients and enormous costs for society. In order to shed light into underlying mechanisms of bone regeneration (habitual or disturbed), and to develop new therapeutic strategies, various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models can be applied. Undeniably, in vivo models include the systemic and biological situation. However, transferability towards the human patient along with ethical concerns regarding in vivo models have to be considered. Fostered by enormous technical improvements, such as bioreactors, on-a-chip-technologies and bone tissue engineering, sophisticated in vitro models are of rising interest. These models offer the possibility to use human cells from individual donors, complex cell systems and 3D models, therefore bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine and finally sparing animals. Facing diverse processes during fracture healing and thus various scientific opportunities, the reliability of results oftentimes depends on the choice of an appropriate model. Hence, we here focus on categorizing available models with respect to the requirements of the scientific approach.
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38
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Guo Y, Xue Y, Wang P, Cui Z, Cao J, Liu S, Yu Q, Zeng Q, Zhu D, Xie M, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu H, Zhong J, Chen J. Muse cell spheroids have therapeutic effect on corneal scarring wound in mice and tree shrews. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/562/eaaw1120. [PMID: 32967971 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds promises for treating corneal scarring. Here, we use multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells to study their differentiation and therapeutic potential for treating corneal injury. Muse cells were isolated from lipoaspirate, which presented biphenotype properties of both pluripotent stem cells and some mesenchymal stem cells. Muse cells expanded by about 100-fold from the initial seeding cell number to Muse spheroids with the maintenance of the Muse cell phenotype and high cell viability at 33 days by static spheroid culture. We revealed that Muse spheroids were activated by the dynamic rotary cell culture system (RCCS), as characterized by increased stemness, improved activity, and enhanced adherence. Gene and protein expression of the pluripotent markers OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG and of the proliferation marker KI67 in Muse spheroids cultured under RCCS were higher than those in the static group. These activated Muse spheroids enabled ready differentiation into corneal stromal cells (CSCs) expressing characteristic marker genes and proteins. Furthermore, implantation of Muse cells-differentiated CSCs (Muse-CSCs) laden assembled with two orthogonally stacked stretched compressed collagen (cell-SCC) in mouse and tree shrew wounded corneas prevented the formation of corneal scarring, increased corneal re-epithelialization and nerve regrowth, and reduced the severity of corneal inflammation and neovascularization. cell-SCC retained the capacity to suppress corneal scarring after long-distance cryopreserved transport. Thus, Muse cell therapy is a promising avenue for developing therapeutics for treating corneal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Guo
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, 18th floor, the New century building, #198 Furong Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410015, China
| | - Jixing Cao
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Centric Laboratory, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaolang Zeng
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies, Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies, Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies, Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Aier Eye Institute, 18th floor, the New century building, #198 Furong Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410015, China
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Nulty J, Burdis R, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of Prevascularised Hypertrophic Cartilage Microtissues for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:661989. [PMID: 34169064 PMCID: PMC8218548 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.661989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (TE) has the potential to transform the treatment of challenging musculoskeletal pathologies. To date, clinical translation of many traditional TE strategies has been impaired by poor vascularisation of the implant. Addressing such challenges has motivated research into developmentally inspired TE strategies, whereby implants mimicking earlier stages of a tissue's development are engineered in vitro and then implanted in vivo to fully mature into the adult tissue. The goal of this study was to engineer in vitro tissues mimicking the immediate developmental precursor to long bones, specifically a vascularised hypertrophic cartilage template, and to then assess the capacity of such a construct to support endochondral bone formation in vivo. To this end, we first developed a method for the generation of large numbers of hypertrophic cartilage microtissues using a microwell system, and encapsulated these microtissues into a fibrin-based hydrogel capable of supporting vasculogenesis by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The microwells supported the formation of bone marrow derived stem/stromal cell (BMSC) aggregates and their differentiation toward a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype over 5 weeks of cultivation, as evident by the development of a matrix rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), collagen types I, II, and X, and calcium. Prevascularisation of these microtissues, undertaken in vitro 1 week prior to implantation, enhanced their capacity to mineralise, with significantly higher levels of mineralised tissue observed within such implants after 4 weeks in vivo within an ectopic murine model for bone formation. It is also possible to integrate such microtissues into 3D bioprinting systems, thereby enabling the bioprinting of scaled-up, patient-specific prevascularised implants. Taken together, these results demonstrate the development of an effective strategy for prevascularising a tissue engineered construct comprised of multiple individual microtissue "building blocks," which could potentially be used in the treatment of challenging bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Gibler P, Gimble J, Hamel K, Rogers E, Henderson M, Wu X, Olesky S, Frazier T. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1378. [PMID: 34204869 PMCID: PMC8227575 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Gibler
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Katie Hamel
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Emma Rogers
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Michael Henderson
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Xiying Wu
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Spencer Olesky
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Trivia Frazier
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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41
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Jauković A, Abadjieva D, Trivanović D, Stoyanova E, Kostadinova M, Pashova S, Kestendjieva S, Kukolj T, Jeseta M, Kistanova E, Mourdjeva M. Specificity of 3D MSC Spheroids Microenvironment: Impact on MSC Behavior and Properties. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:853-875. [PMID: 32681232 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the promising candidates for the regenerative and personalized medicine due to their self-renewal potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity. Although these properties have encouraged profound MSC studies in recent years, the majority of research has been based on standard 2D culture utilization. The opportunity to resemble in vivo characteristics of cells native niche has been provided by implementation of 3D culturing models such as MSC spheroid formation assesed through cells self-assembling. In this review, we address the current literature on physical and biochemical features of 3D MSC spheroid microenvironment and their impact on MSC properties and behaviors. Starting with the reduction in the cells' dimensions and volume due to the changes in adhesion molecules expression and cytoskeletal proteins rearrangement resembling native conditions, through the microenvironment shifts in oxygen, nutrients and metabolites gradients and demands, we focus on distinctive and beneficial features of MSC in spheroids compared to cells cultured in 2D conditions. By summarizing the data for 3D MSC spheroids regarding cell survival, pluripotency, differentiation, immunomodulatory activities and potential to affect tumor cells growth we highlighted advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids use in regenerative medicine. Further detailed analyses are needed to deepen our understanding of mechanisms responsible for modified MSC behavior in spheroids and to set future directions for MSC clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.,IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Röntgenring 11, D-97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Kostadinova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shina Pashova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Kestendjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Obilní trh 11, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Suchdol, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Mourdjeva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Warren D, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Wallace GG, Crook JM. Engineering in vitro human neural tissue analogs by 3D bioprinting and electrostimulation. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:020901. [PMID: 33834152 PMCID: PMC8019355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a fundamental need for clinically relevant, reproducible, and standardized in vitro human neural tissue models, not least of all to study heterogenic and complex human-specific neurological (such as neuropsychiatric) disorders. Construction of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted neural tissues from native human-derived stem cells (e.g., neural stem cells) and human pluripotent stem cells (e.g., induced pluripotent) in particular is appreciably impacting research and conceivably clinical translation. Given the ability to artificially and favorably regulate a cell's survival and behavior by manipulating its biophysical environment, careful consideration of the printing technique, supporting biomaterial and specific exogenously delivered stimuli, is both required and advantageous. By doing so, there exists an opportunity, more than ever before, to engineer advanced and precise tissue analogs that closely recapitulate the morphological and functional elements of natural tissues (healthy or diseased). Importantly, the application of electrical stimulation as a method of enhancing printed tissue development in vitro, including neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cellular maturation, has the added advantage of modeling both traditional and new stimulation platforms, toward improved understanding of efficacy and innovative electroceutical development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Warren
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519 Australia
| | | | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519 Australia
| | - Jeremy M. Crook
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +61 2 4221 3011
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Chae S, Hong J, Hwangbo H, Kim G. The utility of biomedical scaffolds laden with spheroids in various tissue engineering applications. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6818-6832. [PMID: 34093855 PMCID: PMC8171099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A spheroid is a complex, spherical cellular aggregate supporting cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in an environment that mimics the real-world situation. In terms of tissue engineering, spheroids are important building blocks that replace two-dimensional cell cultures. Spheroids replicate tissue physiological activities. The use of spheroids with/without scaffolds yields structures that engage in desired activities and replicate the complicated geometry of three-dimensional tissues. In this mini-review, we describe conventional and novel methods by which scaffold-free and scaffolded spheroids may be fabricated and discuss their applications in tissue regeneration and future perspectives.
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Lee J, Lee S, Kim SM, Shin H. Size-controlled human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids hybridized with single-segmented nanofibers and their effect on viability and stem cell differentiation. Biomater Res 2021; 25:14. [PMID: 33902733 PMCID: PMC8074457 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabrication of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids have been studied to improve stem cell function, but the hypoxic core and limited penetration of nutrients and signaling cues to the interior of the spheroid were challenges. The incorporation of polymers such as silica and gelatin in spheroids resulted in relatively relaxed assembly of composite spheroids, and enhancing transport of nutrient and biological gas. However, because of the low surface area between cells and since the polymers were heterogeneously distributed throughout the spheroid, these polymers cannot increase the cell to extracellular matrix interactions needed to support differentiation. METHODS We developed the stem cell spheroids that incorporate poly(ι-lactic acid) single-segmented fibers synthesized by electrospinning and physical and chemical fragmentation. The proper mixing ratio was 2000 cells/μg fibers (average length of the fibers was 50 μm - 100 μm). The SFs were coated with polydopamine to increase cell binding affinity and to synthesize various-sized spheroids. The function of spheroids was investigated by in vitro analysis depending on their sizes. For statistical analysis, Graphpad Prism 5 software (San Diego, CA, USA) was used to perform one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with Tukey's honest significant difference test and a Student's t-test (for two variables) (P < 0.05). RESULTS Spheroids of different sizes were created by modulating the amount of cells and fibers (0.063 mm2-0.322 mm2). The fibers in the spheroid were homogenously distributed and increased cell viability, while cell-only spheroids showed a loss of DNA contents, internal degradation, and many apoptotic signals. Furthermore, we investigated stemness and various functions of various-sized fiber-incorporated spheroids. In conclusion, the spheroid with the largest size showed the greatest release of angiogenic factors (released VEGF: 0.111 ± 0.004 pg/ng DNA), while the smallest size showed greater effects of osteogenic differentiation (mineralized calcium: 18.099 ± 0.271 ng/ng DNA). CONCLUSION The spheroids incorporating polydopamine coated single-segmented fibers showed enhanced viability regardless of sizes and increased their functionality by regulating the size of spheroids which may be used for various tissue reconstruction and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physical Education and Active Aging Industry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Muscle, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Chan YH, Lee YC, Hung CY, Yang PJ, Lai PC, Feng SW. Three-dimensional Spheroid Culture Enhances Multipotent Differentiation and Stemness Capacities of Human Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating MAPK and NF-kB Signaling Pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1810-1826. [PMID: 33893620 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) culture of mesenchymal stem cells has become an important research and development topic. However, comprehensive analysis of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) in 3D-spheroid culture remains unexplored. Thus, we evaluated the cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation, gene expression, and related-signal transduction pathways of DPSCs in 3D-spheroid culture via magnetic levitation (3DM), compared with 2D-monolayer (2D) and 3D-aggregate (3D) cultures. METHODS The gross morphology and cellular ultrastructure were observed in the 2D, 3D, and 3DM experimental groups using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface markers and trilineage differentiation were evaluated using flow cytometry and staining analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining (IF) were performed to investigate the expression of differentiation and stemness markers. Signaling transduction pathways were evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS The morphology of cell aggregates and spheroids was largely influenced by the types of cell culture plates and initial cell seeding density. SEM and TEM experiments confirmed that the solid and firm structure of spheroids was quickly formed in the 3DM-medium without damaging cells. In addition, these three groups all expressed multilineage differentiation capabilities and surface marker expression. The trilineage differentiation capacities of the 3DM-group were significantly superior to the 2D and 3D-groups. The osteogenesis, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and stemness-related genes were significantly enhanced in the 3D and 3DM-groups. The IF analysis showed that the extracellular matrix expression, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis proteins of the 3DM-group were significantly higher than those in the 2D and 3D-groups. Finally, 3DM-culture significantly activated the MAPK and NF-kB signaling transduction pathways and ameliorated the apoptosis effects of 3D-culture. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that 3DM-spheroids efficiently enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ju Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chuang Lai
- Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Murata Y, Jo JI, Tabata Y. Visualization of Apoptosis in Three-Dimensional Cell Aggregates Based on Molecular Beacon Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:264-275. [PMID: 33619986 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to visualize cell apoptosis in three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates based on molecular beacons (MB). Two types of MB for messenger RNA were used: caspase-3 MB as a target for apoptosis and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) MB as a control of stable fluorescence in cells. To enhance the MB internalization into cells, caspase-3 and GAPDH MB were incorporated in cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS), respectively (cGNScasp3 MB and cGNSGAP MB). In addition, cGNS co-incorporating caspase-3 and GAPDH MB (cGNSdual MB) were prepared to perform the dual-color imaging for the same cell aggregate. The cGNSMB were incubated with mouse mesenchymal stem cells to label with MB in the two-dimensional culture. The cell apoptosis mediated by the addition of antibody for a death receptor Fas was ratiometrically detected by the cGNSdual MB to the same extent as single MB. The cell aggregates were prepared from MB-labeled cells, and the MB fluorescence was detected from almost all the cells even in the 3D aggregates to show the homogenous distribution. In addition to the Fas-mediated apoptosis, the aggregates were treated with camptothecin of a low-molecular weight apoptosis inducer. The fluorescence of caspase-3 MB was mainly distributed at the surface surrounding site of Fas-mediated apoptotic aggregates rather than the center site, while that of GAPDH MB was detected even in the interior site. On the other hand, in the camptothecin-induced apoptotic aggregates, both caspae-3 and GAPDH MB fluorescence were detected from the interior site of aggregates as well as the surrounding site. It is likely that the MB fluorescence reflected the localization of apoptotic position caused by the different molecular sizes of apoptosis inducer and the consequent penetration into the aggregates. It is concluded that the cGMSMB are a promising system to visualize cell apoptosis in 3D cell aggregates without the destruction of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Han L, Gong S, Wang R, Liu S, Wang B, Chen G, Gong T, Xu W. Knockdown of POSTN Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Patients With Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:606289. [PMID: 33409280 PMCID: PMC7779561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.606289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH) is a common and serious complication caused by long-term and/or excessive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). The decreased activity and abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are considered to be one of the major reasons for the onset and progression of this disease. Periostin (POSTN) is a matricellular protein which plays an important role in regulating osteoblast function and bone formation. Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling that is mainly expressed in osteocytes to inhibit bone formation. However, the exact role of POSTN and SOST in SONFH has not been reported yet. Therefore, we detected the differential expression of POSTN and SOST in BMSCs of SONFH Group patients, and Control Group was patients with traumatic ONFH (TONFH) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Furthermore, we used lentiviral transfection to knockdown POSTN expression in BMSCs of patients with SONFH to study the effect of POSTN knockdown on the SOST expression and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The results indicated that the endogenous expression of POSTN and SOST in BMSCs of SONFH Group was upregulated, compared with Control Group. POSTN was upregulated gradually while SOST was downregulated gradually at days 0, 3, and 7 of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in Control Group. Contrarily, POSTN was gradually downregulated while SOST was gradually upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in SONFH Group. This could be due to increased expression of SOST in BMSCs, which was caused by excessive GCs. In turn, the increased expression of POSTN in BMSCs may play a role in antagonizing the continuous rising of SOST during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in patients with SONFH. POSTN knockdown significantly attenuated osteo-specific gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium nodule formation in vitro; thus inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in patients with SONFH. Besides, POSTN knockdown upregulated SOST expression, increased GSK-3β activity, and downregulated β-catenin. These findings suggest that POSTN have an essential role in regulating the expression of SOST and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in patients with SONFH, and POSTN knockdown suppresses osteogenic differentiation by upregulating SOST and partially inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting POSTN and SOST may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaokai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianlun Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhu M, Hua T, Ouyang T, Qian H, Yu B. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Novel Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Practice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6546780. [PMID: 34434239 PMCID: PMC8380491 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of most chronic liver diseases, and advanced fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to carry out antifibrosis treatment to reverse liver damage in the early stage of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. The preclinical and clinical research results of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show that MSC administration is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MSCs reverse liver fibrosis and increase liver function mainly through differentiation into hepatocytes, immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. Recently, many studies provided a variety of new methods and strategies to improve the effect of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the current effective methods and strategies and their potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, as well as the current research progress in clinical practice. We expect to achieve complete reversal of liver injury with MSC-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhen Hua
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huofu Qian
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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Liu D, Chen S, Win Naing M. A review of manufacturing capabilities of cell spheroid generation technologies and future development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:542-554. [PMID: 33146407 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid culture provides cells with a three-dimensional environment that can better mimic physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the generation of cell spheroids are continuously being innovated to produce spheroids with enhanced properties. In this paper, we review the manufacturing capabilities of current cell spheroid generation technologies. We propose that spheroid generation technologies should enable tight and robust process controls to produce spheroids of consistent and repeatable quality. Future technology development for the generation of cell spheroids should look into improvement in process control, standardization, scalability and monitoring, in addition to advanced methods of spheroid transfer and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sixun Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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50
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3D Spheroids Derived from Human Lipedema ASCs Demonstrated Similar Adipogenic Differentiation Potential and ECM Remodeling to Non-Lipedema ASCs In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218350. [PMID: 33171717 PMCID: PMC7664323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is stimulated and regulated by the adipose tissue (AT) microenvironment. In lipedema, both inflammation and hypoxia influence the expansion and differentiation of ASCs, resulting in hypertrophic adipocytes and deposition of collagen, a primary component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The goal of this study was to characterize the adipogenic differentiation potential and assess the levels of expression of ECM-remodeling markers in 3D spheroids derived from ASCs isolated from both lipedema and healthy individuals. The data showed an increase in the expression of the adipogenic genes (ADIPOQ, LPL, PPAR-γ and Glut4), a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, 9 and 11), with no significant changes in the expression of ECM markers (collagen and fibronectin), or integrin A5 in 3D differentiated lipedema spheroids as compared to healthy spheroids. In addition, no statistically significant changes in the levels of expression of inflammatory genes were detected in any of the samples. However, immunofluorescence staining showed a decrease in fibronectin and increase in laminin and Collagen VI expression in the 3D differentiated spheroids in both groups. The use of 3D ASC spheroids provide a functional model to study the cellular and molecular characteristics of lipedema AT.
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