1
|
Tie F, Dong Q, Zhu X, Ren L, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wang H, Hu N. Optimized extraction, enrichment, identification and hypoglycemic effects of triterpenoid acids from Hippophae rhamnoides L pomace. Food Chem 2024; 457:140143. [PMID: 38901339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The Hippophae rhamnoides L. pomace was generated in the production process for juice, wine of food industry. To expand the application of pomace, the extraction process optimization, enrichment and identification of triterpene acids were performed in this study. The extraction yield was 14.87% under optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques performed via response surface methodology. The extract was subsequently purified to obtain the triterpenoid acid enrichment fraction (TPF) with the content of 75.23% ± 1.45%. 13 triterpenoid acids were identified via UPLC-Triple-TOF MS/MS and further semi-quantified through comparison with triterpenoid acid standards. TPF exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 5.027 ± 0.375 μg/mL, as determined via enzyme inhibition experiment and molecular docking. Additionally, the TPF significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels, as revealed via carbohydrate tolerance tests, as well as ameliorate serum lipid profiles. Therefore, pomace may be a promising resource of functional food components with therapeutic and commercial values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Lichengcheng Ren
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, 810008 Xining, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Zhou Y, Hao H, Xiong J. Emerging mechanisms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and novel drug therapies. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:724-745. [PMID: 39197963 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. It initiates with simple steatosis (NAFL) and can progress to the more severe condition of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often advances to end-stage liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, the transition from NASH to end-stage liver diseases is irreversible, and the precise mechanisms driving this progression are not yet fully understood. Consequently, there is a critical need for the development of effective therapies to arrest or reverse this progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of NASH, examines the current therapeutic targets and pharmacological treatments, and offers insights for future drug discovery and development strategies for NASH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin Y, Shangguan Z, Pang J, Chen Y, Lin S, Liu H. Pin1 Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Enhancing Its Activity through Binding to ACC1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5822. [PMID: 38892011 PMCID: PMC11171836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by diffuse hepatocellular steatosis due to fatty deposits in hepatocytes, excluding alcohol and other known liver injury factors. However, there are no specific drugs for the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD at the cellular and molecular levels is a promising approach to finding therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs for NAFLD. Pin1 is highly expressed during adipogenesis and contributes to adipose differentiation, but its specific mechanism of action in NAFLD is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Pin1 in promoting the development of NAFLD and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. First, Pin1 was verified in the NAFLD model in vitro using MCD diet-fed mice by Western Blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. In the in vitro study, we used the oleic acid (OA) stimulation-induced lipid accumulation model and examined the lipid accumulation in each group of cells by oil red O staining as well as BODIPY staining. The results showed that knockdown of Pin1 inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in an in vitro lipid accumulation model and improved lipid indices and liver injury levels. Moreover, in vivo, WT and Pin1-KO mice were fed a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to induce the NAFLD model. The effects of Pin1 on lipid accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated by biochemical analysis, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, histological analysis, IHC, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. The results indicate that Pin1 knockdown significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NAFLD mice, improved glucose tolerance and alleviated insulin resistance in mice. Further studies showed that the AMPK/ACC1 signalling pathway might take part in the process by which Pin1 regulates NAFLD, as evidenced by the inhibition of the AMPK/ACC1 pathway. In addition, immunofluorescence (IF), coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down experiments also showed that Pin1 interacts directly with ACC1 and inhibits ACC1 phosphorylation levels. Our study suggests that Pin1 promotes NAFLD progression by inhibiting the activation of the AMPK/ACC1 signalling pathway, and it is possible that this effect is achieved by Pin1 interacting with ACC1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ACC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, China; (Y.J.); (Z.S.); (J.P.); (Y.C.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng W, He CX, Li RL, Qian D, Wang LY, Chen WW, Zhang Q, Wu CJ. Zanthoxylum bungeanum amides ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver via regulating gut microbiota and activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116848. [PMID: 37423515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae) is a known herbal medicine with various bioactivities, including anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, learning & memory improving and anti-diabetes, and amides in Z. bungeanum (AZB) are considered as the major active agents for its bioactivities. AIM OF THE STUDY This research was carried out to uncover the anti-NAFL effect of AZB and its corresponding molecular mechanisms. METHODS The central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was utilized to optimize the AZB extraction process, and the anti-NAFL effect of AZB was investigated on high fat diet (HFD) fed mice (HFD mice). The levels of ROS in liver tissues were determined using laser confocal microscopy with DCFH-DA probe staining, and anti-enzymes (such as HO-1, SOD, CAT & GSH-PX) and MDA in liver tissues were measured using commercial detecting kits. GC-MS was used to determine the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents in feces and blood of mice. 16S high-throughput sequencing, western blotting (WB) assay and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to explore the intestinal flora changes in mice and the potential mechanisms of AZB for treatment of NAFL. RESULTS Our results showed AZB reduced body weight, alleviated liver pathological changes, reduced fat accumulation, and improved oxidative stress in HFD mice. In addition, we also found AZB improved OGTT and ITT, reduced TG, TC, LDL-C, whereas increased HDL-C in HFD mice. AZB increased total number of the species and interspecies kinship of gut microbiota and reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in HFD mice. Moreover, AZB decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, whereas increased the abundance of Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Dubosiella in feces of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, AZB increased the production of SCFAs, and up-regulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and increased the nuclear transcription of Nrf2 in liver of HFD mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggested AZB can improve NAFL, which could reduce body weight, reverse liver lesions and fat accumulation, improve oxidative stress in liver tissues of HFD mice. Furthermore, the mechanisms are related to increase of the abundance of high-producing bacteria for SCFAs (e.g. Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Dubosiella) to activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng-Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, He J, Li J, He H, He Y, Wang X, Shu H, Zhang J, Xu D, Zou K. Triterpenoid Compounds from Cyclocarya paliurus: A Review of Their Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Structure-Activity Relationship. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:2041-2075. [PMID: 37957120 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350088x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja (C. paliurus) is a single species of Cyclocarya paliurus in Juglandaceae. It is a unique rare medicinal plant resource in China that is mainly distributed in the south of China. The leaves of C. paliurus, as a new food ingredient, are processed into tea products in daily life. Triterpenoids are the main active ingredient in C. paliurus. So far, 164 triterpenoid compounds have been isolated and identified from C. paliurus, which are included 3,4-seco-dammaranes, dammaranes, oleanane, ursane, lupinanes, taraxeranes, and norceanothanes. Modern pharmacological studies manifested that these ingredients have a wide range of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as reducing blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, and anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other activities. In addition, current results indicate that the pharmacological mechanisms of triterpenoids were closely related to their chemical structure, molecular signaling pathways, and the expression of related proteins. In order to further study C. paliurus based on the current research situation, this review summarizes the prospect and systematic summary of the triterpenes of C. paliurus from the aspects of structural characteristics, quality control, biological activity, and the structure-activity relationship, which provide a reference for further research and application of the triterpenoids from C. paliurus in the field of functional food and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Zhang
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Junyu He
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Haibo He
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan 442000, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325005, P. R. China
| | - Yumin He
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Heng Shu
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical College and Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Daoxiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325005, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zou
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu R, Tan S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Huang L. Physicochemical Properties and Hypolipidemic Activity of Dietary Fiber from Rice Bran Meal Obtained by Three Oil-Production Methods. Foods 2023; 12:3695. [PMID: 37835348 PMCID: PMC10572562 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three oil production methods on the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber from rice bran flour, and the hypolipidemic effects of the dietary fibers were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The particle size results showed that the organic-solvent-impregnated rice bran meal dietary fiber (N-RBDF) had the smallest average particle size and the aqueous enzymatic rice bran meal dietary fiber (E-RBDF) had the narrowest particle size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrated that all three kinds of rice bran meal dietary fibers (RBDFs) were irregularly flaky. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results revealed that the three RBDFs had similar reactive groups, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that all three RBDFs were cellulose type I crystals. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the lignin content of N-RBDF was significantly lower than that of the other two. Among the three kinds of RBDFs, E-RBDF had higher water retention capacity, swelling capacity, oil holding capacity, and adsorption capacity for cholesterol and sodium bile salts. The results of experimental studies in hyperlipidemic rats showed that all three kinds of RBDFs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of hyperlipidemic rats; they also significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the livers of rats. In addition, all three kinds of RBDFs decreased aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum and also improved liver steatosis and reduced atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipidemia. Our study provides a reference for the development and utilization of rice bran meal and the application of rice bran meal dietary fiber in food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Sha Tan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai X, Zhou H, Luo D, Chen D, Fan J, Shao X, Zhou J, Liu W. A Rational Combination of Cyclocarya paliurus Triterpene Acid Complex (TAC) and Se-Methylselenocysteine (MSC) Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:5499. [PMID: 37513373 PMCID: PMC10385649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) contains triterpene acids that can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. However, controlling the composition and content of these active ingredients in CP extracts is challenging. The main active components in CP triterpene acids, including ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and betulinic acid (BA), exhibit antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive effects. The response surface methodology was utilized to design and optimize the ratio of UA, OA, and BA based on the inhibition rate of pancrelipase and α-amylase. The proportional mixture of UA, OA, and BA resulted in the formation of a complex known as Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenoid acid (TAC). Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC), a compound with various physiological functions such as antioxidant properties and tumor inhibition, has been used in combination with TAC to form the TAC/MSC complex. Our data demonstrate that TAC/MSC improved palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway. Moreover, TAC/MSC effectively improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorder in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), attenuated hepatic steatosis, and reduced oxidative stress to alleviate T2DM characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Wuhan Bestcarrier Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuhan Bestcarrier Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Jianyuan Fan
- Enshi Savant Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Enshi 445099, China
| | - Xiaoting Shao
- Enshi Savant Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Enshi 445099, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Y, Wang C, Wang M, Xiong T, Song X, Sun W, Li J. Oroxin B improves metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis in a high-fat diet-induced rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175788. [PMID: 37179040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a common chronic liver disease, but there is no FDA-approved drug for MAFLD treatment. Numerous studies have revealed that gut microbiota dysbiosis exerts a crucial effect on MAFLD progression. Oroxin B is a constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. (O. indicum), which has the characteristics of low oral bioavailability but high bioactivity. However, the mechanism through which oroxin B improves MAFLD by restoring the gut microbiota balance remains unclear. To this end, we assessed the anti-MAFLD effect of oroxin B in HFD-fed rats and investigated the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that oroxin B administration reduced the lipid levels in the plasma and liver and lowered the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the plasma. Moreover, oroxin B alleviated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, oroxin B modulated the gut microbiota structure in HFD-fed rats by increasing the levels of Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Eubacterium and decreasing the levels of Tomitella, Bilophila, Acetanaerobacterium, and Faecalibaculum. Furthermore, oroxin B not only suppressed Toll-like receptor 4-inhibitor kappa B-nuclear factor kappa-B-interleukin 6/tumor necrosis factor-α (TLR4-IκB-NF-κB-IL-6/TNF-α) signal transduction but also strengthened the intestinal barrier by elevating the expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and zonula occludens 2 (ZO-2). In summary, these results demonstrate that oroxin B could alleviate hepatic inflammation and MAFLD progression by regulating the gut microbiota balance and strengthening the intestinal barrier. Hence, our study suggests that oroxin B is a promising effective compound for MAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Guru A, Arasu MV, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 regulate the expression of lipid metabolic genes and inhibit lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced zebrafish larvae: An antihyperlipidemic study. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102000. [PMID: 36542946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess accumulation of lipids leads to obesity. Triterpenoids are a group of plant compounds which poses various biological activities. The biological activities of Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 were addressed in this study on inhibiting lipid aggregation and underlying the derivatives molecular mechanisms for a therapeutical approach. AIM This study aims to evaluate the anti-adipogenic activity of semi-natural Nimbin analogs, N5 and N7, on zebrafish larvae induced with oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet (HFD) and adipogenesis using specific fluorescent stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish at 4 days post fertilized (dpf) larvae were divided into groups for the HFD diet along with exposure to various concentrations of N5 and N7. HFD induced accumulation of neutral lipids and triglycerides (Oil Red O and Nile red staining, respectively) with weight gain, which generated intracellular ROS (DCFH-DA staining) and superoxide anion production (DHE staining) with depleted glutathione levels (NDA staining) were assayed. HFD exposure promoted the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages (Neutral red staining) and impaired glucose metabolism (2NBDG staining). The ability of N5 and N7 to reduce total regulating lipogenic specific genes C/EBP-α, SREBP-1 and FAS were evaluated using relative gene expression. KEY FINDINGS The Nimbin analogues N5 and N7 suppressed adipogenesis, forming intracellular ROS and superoxide anion while simultaneously restoring glutathione levels. The analogues significantly lowered total TC and TG levels, prevented inflammatory macrophage build-up and boosted glucose absorption. Also, N5 and N7 down-regulate the lipogenic-specific genes. SIGNIFICANCE Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 enhance lipolysis and inhibit adipogenesis in in-vivo zebrafish larvae model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pusparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hao YY, Cui WW, Gao HL, Wang MY, Liu Y, Li CR, Hou YL, Jia ZH. Jinlida granules ameliorate the high-fat-diet induced liver injury in mice by antagonising hepatocytes pyroptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:274-281. [PMID: 35138995 PMCID: PMC8843117 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2029501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Jinlida (JLD) as a traditional Chinese medicine formula has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and studies have shown its anti-obesity effect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of JLD in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and fed a low-diet diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD + JLD (3.8 g/kg) for 16 weeks, respectively. The free fatty acids-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the anti-pyroptotic effects of JLD. The pharmacological effects of JLD on NAFL were investigated by pathological examination, intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS In vivo studies showed that JLD ameliorated HFD-induced liver injury, significantly decreased body weight and enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance. Furthermore, JLD suppressed both the mRNA expression of caspase-1 (1.58 vs. 2.90), IL-1β (0.93 vs. 3.44) and IL-18 (1.34 vs. 1.60) and protein expression of NLRP3 (2.04 vs. 5.71), pro-caspase-1 (2.68 vs. 4.92) and IL-1β (1.61 vs. 2.60). In vitro, JLD inhibited the formation of lipid droplets induced by 2 mM FFA (IC50 = 2.727 mM), reduced the protein expression of NLRP3 (0.74 vs. 2.27), caspase-1 (0.57 vs. 2.68), p20 (1.67 vs. 3.33), and IL-1β (1.44 vs. 2.41), and lowered the ratio of p-IKB-α/IKB-α (0.47 vs. 2.19). CONCLUSION JLD has a protective effect against NAFLD, which may be related to its anti-pyroptosis, suggesting that JLD has the potential as a novel agent in the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Hao
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-wen Cui
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Hebei, China
| | - Huai-lin Gao
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-ye Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Xianghe Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Cui-ru Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-long Hou
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen-hua Jia
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Y, Wang J, Jia M, Huang S, Cao Y, Yao T, Li J, Yang Y, Gu X. Clostridium autoethanogenum protein inclusion in the diet for broiler: Enhancement of growth performance, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1028792. [PMID: 36504874 PMCID: PMC9731230 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of the new single-cell protein Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) on growth performance, plasma biochemical indexes, liver histology, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in Cobb broilers. According to the randomized block experimental design, 960 Cobb broilers (1d old) were divided into six treatments with eight replicates of 20 birds each. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with different contents of CAP (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) to replace soybean meal (SBM). The results showed that the addition of CAP did not influence liver health when it exceeded 2%. The protein metabolism markers and feed conversion rate increased (P < 0.05), significantly improving the growth performance. When the content of CAP was greater than 4%, it could promote lipolysis without affecting lipogenesis, decreasing the abdominal fat rate. There was no significant difference in MDA between these groups (P = 0.948). The increase of SOD and GSH-Px indicated the enhancement of antioxidant response. Alpha diversity did not significantly differ between groups (P > 0.05). Inclusion of 4% or less CAP led to the increase in beneficial microbiota, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid (P < 0.05), and the concentration of primary bile acids such as cholic acid and goose deoxycholic acid (P < 0.05). While the concentration of secondary bile acids such as taurocholic acid and taurine goose deoxycholic acid was decreased (P < 0.05). These results illustrated that the CAP had a high potential for application in poultry nutrition. In terms of improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity and reducing fat deposition rate, 4% CAP content is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Huang
- Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Junguo Li
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Gu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xu Gu
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kakiyama G, Minowa K, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Martin R, Takei H, Mitamura K, Ikegawa S, Suzuki M, Nittono H, Fuchs M, Heuman DM, Zhou H, Pandak WM. Coffee modulates insulin-hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α-Cyp7b1 pathway and reduces oxysterol-driven liver toxicity in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G488-G500. [PMID: 36193897 PMCID: PMC9639758 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00179.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) controls the levels of intracellular regulatory oxysterols generated by the "acidic pathway" of cholesterol metabolism. Previously, we demonstrated that an inability to upregulate CYP7B1 in the setting of insulin resistance leads to the accumulation of cholesterol metabolites such as (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol (26HC) that initiate and promote hepatocyte injury; followed by an inflammatory response. The current study demonstrates that dietary coffee improves insulin resistance and restores Cyp7b1 levels in a well-characterized Western diet (WD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Ingestion of a WD containing caffeinated (regular) coffee or decaffeinated coffee markedly reduced the serum ALT level and improved insulin resistance. Cyp7b1 mRNA and protein levels were preserved at normal levels in mice fed the coffee containing WD. Additionally, coffee led to upregulated steroid sulfotransferase 2b1 (Sult2b1) mRNA expression. In accordance with the response in these oxysterol metabolic genes, hepatocellular 26HC levels were maintained at physiologically low levels. Moreover, the current study provided evidence that hepatic Cyp7b1 and Sult2b1 responses to insulin signaling can be mediated through a transcriptional factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α. We conclude coffee achieves its beneficial effects through the modulation of insulin resistance. Both decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee had beneficial effects, demonstrating caffeine is not fundamental to this effect. The effects of coffee feeding on the insulin-HNF4α-Cyp7b1 signaling pathway, whose dysregulation initiates and contributes to the onset and progression of NASH as triggered by insulin resistance, offer mechanistic insight into approaches for the treatment of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated dietary coffee prevented the accumulation of hepatic oxysterols by maintaining Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 expression in a diet-induced NAFLD mice model. Lowering liver oxysterols markedly reduced inflammation in the coffee-ingested mice. Caffeine is not fundamental to this effect. In addition, this study showed Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 responses to insulin signaling can be mediated through a transcriptional factor, HNF4α. The insulin-HNF4α-Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 signaling pathway, which directly correlates to the onset of NASH triggered by insulin resistance, offers insight into approaches for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kei Minowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Douglas M Heuman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William M Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Potential Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Medicine in Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102041. [PMID: 36290765 PMCID: PMC9598588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that play a role in ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction status, apoptosis, and inflammation. Several human disorders have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been found that traditional therapeutic herbs are effective on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is considered critical for treatment. The role of oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and inflammation in NAFLD are well known. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease that commonly progresses to cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, and people with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with a number of pathological factors, including insulin resistance, lipid metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. As a result, the improvement in steatosis and inflammation is enough to entice researchers to look into liver disease treatment. However, antioxidant treatment has not been very effective for liver disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on immunity and inflammation are governed by various mechanisms for lipid metabolism and inflammation control. This review provided a summary of research on herbal medicines for the therapeutic implementation of mitochondria-mediated ROS production in liver disease as well as clinical applications through herbal medicine. In addition, the pathophysiology of common liver disorders such as ALD and NAFLD would be investigated in the role that mitochondria play in the process to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with liver disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Cui W, Cui Y, Song X, Jia L, Zhang J. Stropharia rugoso-annulata acetylated polysaccharides alleviate NAFLD via Nrf2/JNK1/AMPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:560-570. [PMID: 35772637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The acetylated Stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharides (ASRP) was successfully characterized, and the effects and mechanism on alleviating NAFLD were investigated in HFD-induced mice models. The characterization showed that ASRP was successfully acetylated and rich in galactose. The animal studies demonstrated that ASRP at the dose of 400 mg/kg possessed hepatoprotective effects by potential antioxidation, anti-inflammation and improving hepatocellular histopathology, with the possible mechanisms on regulating the JNK1/AP-1 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways. Besides, ASRP could improve the fat metabolism by activating the AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathways. The results provided basal theories for the development of ASRP on treating the NAFLD and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Weijun Cui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Yanfei Cui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao J, Zheng R, Chang X, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Gao M, Yin Z, Jiang C, Zhang J. Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenoids suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK-mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154175. [PMID: 35609386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal enhancement of hepatic gluconeogenesis is a vital mechanism of the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); thus, its suppression may present an efficient therapeutic strategy for T2DM. Cyclocarya paliurus (CP), a plant species native to China, has been reported to have anti-hyperglycemia activity. Our previous studies have revealed that Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenic acids (CPT) exert the favorable glucose-lowering activity, but the regulatory effect of CPT on hepatic gluconeogenesis is still unclarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of CPT in gluconeogenesis. STUDY DESIGN In this study, the ameliorative effect and underlying mechanism of CPT on gluconeogenesis were investigated: high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2DM mice and glucagon-challenged mouse primary hepatocytes. METHODS T2DM model mice with or without oral administration of CPT for 4 weeks were monitored for body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe liver lipid deposition. Real-time PCR assays were performed to examine the mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphate (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), two key enzymes involved in liver gluconeogenesis. Western blotting was used to determine AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) expression and induction of the glucagon signaling pathway. The possible mechanism of CPT on liver gluconeogenesis was further explored in glucagon-induced mouse primary hepatocytes. RESULTS In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that CPT treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, CPT could obviously decreased the mRNA and protein expression of G6Pase and PEPCK, the cyclic AMP content, the phosphorylation level of protein kinase A and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein. But CPT promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and activation of phosphodiesterase 4B. Mechanistically, intervention with Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) partially blocked the suppressive effect of CPT on hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that CPT may inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis against T2DM by activating AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Rendong Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of TCM & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiu M, Peng J, Deng H, Chang Y, Hu D, Pan W, Wu H, Xiao H. The Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus: A Functional Tea with Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Type 2 Diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1447-1473. [PMID: 35770726 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a universal and chronic global public health concern and causes multiple complex complications. In order to meet the rapidly growing demand for T2DM treatment, increased research has been focused on hypoglycemic drugs. Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk is the only living species of the genus Cyclocarya Iljinskaja, whose leaves have been extensively used as a functional tea to treat obesity and diabetes in China. An enormous amount of very recent pharmacological research on the leaves of C. paliurus has demonstrated that they carry out numerous biological activities, such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal microbiota regulation. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have also shown that the extracts of C. paliurus leaves are innocuous and safe. This study aims to provide an up-to-date review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects against diabetes, toxicology, and clinical studies of C. paliurus leaves, in hopes of promoting a better understanding of their role in the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reverse pharmacology of Nimbin-N2 attenuates alcoholic liver injury and promotes the hepatoprotective dual role of improving lipid metabolism and downregulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines in zebrafish larval model. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2387-2401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Song J, Qiu H, Du P, Mou F, Nie Z, Zheng Y, Wang M. Polyphenols extracted from Shanxi-aged vinegar exert hypolipidemic effects on OA-induced HepG2 cells via the PPARα-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14029. [PMID: 35023169 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the key risk factors causing many chronic diseases, and lowering blood lipid levels can prevent many diseases. In this paper, a hyperlipidemic cell model of oleic acid (OA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) was established using polyphenols extracted from Shanxi-aged vinegar (SAVEP). The effects of SAVEP on nuclear damage, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, cellular lipid deposition, and lipid metabolism protein expression in HepG2 hyperlipidemic cells were examined to investigate the lipid-lowering mechanism of SAVEP at the cellular level. The results showed that SAVEP could reduce the content of TC/TG index, repair the nuclear damage, reduce lipid accumulation and finally decrease the rate of apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of key proteins such as PPARα, LXRα, and ABCA1 in the process of lipid metabolism. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this thesis, the hypolipidemic activity of polyphenol extracts from Shanxi-aged vinegar was analyzed on the level of HepG2 cells. The hypolipidemic mechanism of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and inflammatory stress was also elucidated. It provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the hypolipidemic health effects of Shanxi-aged vinegar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huirui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangming Mou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Butein Inhibits Oxidative Stress Injury in Rats with Chronic Heart Failure via ERK/Nrf2 Signaling. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:8684014. [PMID: 35069800 PMCID: PMC8752302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8684014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious heart disease resulting from cardiac dysfunction. Oxidative stress is an important factor in aging and disease. Butein, however, has antioxidant properties. To determine the effect of butein on oxidative stress injury in rats, a CHF rat model was established. Methods The CHF rat model was induced by abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC). Rats in CHF+butein and sham+butein group were given 100 mg/kg butein via gavage every day to detect the effect of butein on oxidative stress injury and myocardial dysfunction. The cardiac structural and functional parameters, including the left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), were measured. Oxidative stress was measured through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Cardiac injury markers like creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the myocardial cell morphology. The effect of butein on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-E2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) signaling was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Results Butein had a significant effect on CHF in animal models. In detail, butein inhibited oxidative stress, relieved cardiac injury, and alleviated myocardial dysfunction. Importantly, butein activated the ERK1/2 pathway, which contributed to Nrf2 activation and subsequent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLC) induction. Conclusions In this study, butein inhibits oxidative stress injury in CHF rat model via ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
21
|
Electrophilic thymol isobutyrate from Inula nervosa Wall. (Xiaoheiyao) ameliorates steatosis in HepG2 cells via Nrf2 activation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
Oliveira KAD, Araújo HN, Lima TID, Oliveira AG, Favero-Santos BC, Guimarães DSP, Freitas PAD, Neves RDJD, Vasconcelos RP, Almeida MGGD, Ramos MV, Silveira LR, Oliveira ACD. Phytomodulatory proteins isolated from Calotropis procera latex promote glycemic control by improving hepatic mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1061-1069. [PMID: 34588851 PMCID: PMC8463474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal uses of Calotropis procera are diverse, yet some of them are based on effects that still lack scientific support. Control of diabetes is one of them. Recently, latex proteins from C. procera latex (LP) have been shown to promote in vivo glycemic control by the inhibition of hepatic glucose production via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glycemic control has been attributed to an isolated fraction of LP (CpPII), which is composed of cysteine peptidases (95%) and osmotin (5%) isoforms. Those proteins are extensively characterized in terms of chemistry, biochemistry and structural aspects. Furthermore, we evaluated some aspects of the mitochondrial function and cellular mechanisms involved in CpPII activity. The effect of CpPII on glycemic control was evaluated in fasting mice by glycemic curve and glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests. HepG2 cells was treated with CpPII, and cell viability, oxygen consumption, PPAR activity, production of lactate and reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial density and protein and gene expression were analyzed. CpPII reduced fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance and inhibited hepatic glucose production in control animals. Additionally, CpPII increased the consumption of ATP-linked oxygen and mitochondrial uncoupling, reduced lactate concentration, increased protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III and V, and activity of peroxisome-proliferator-responsive elements (PPRE), reduced the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial density in HepG2 cells by activation of AMPK/PPAR. Our findings strongly support the medicinal use of the plant and suggest that CpPII is a potential therapy for prevention and/or treatment of type-2 diabetes. A common epitope sequence shared among the proteases and osmotin is possibly the responsible for the beneficial effects of CpPII.
Collapse
Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated kinase protein
- AUC, Area under the curve
- Bioactive proteins
- CTL, Control
- Calotropis procera
- CpPII, Major peptidase fraction treated with iodoacetamide
- DHE, Dihydroethidium
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- FCCP, Oligomycin carbonyl cyanide 4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazine
- Folk medicine
- Glycemia
- HGP, Hepatic glucose production
- LP, Soluble latex proteins from Calotropis procera
- Latex
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- OCR, Oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPRE, PPAR response element
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TBS-T, Tris buffered saline solution containing 0.1% Tween 20
- UCP2, Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariclecio Cunha de Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Corresponding author.at: Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mu JK, Zi L, Li YQ, Yu LP, Cui ZG, Shi TT, Zhang F, Gu W, Hao JJ, Yu J, Yang XX. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills relieve mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112092. [PMID: 34449316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common global chronic liver disease. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP) have been used for the treatment of human disease for over a thousand years, but their efficacy and underlying mechanism(s) of action against MAFLD are unknown. We investigated the alleviating effects of JHP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to evaluate the effects of JHP on MAFLD. L02 adipocyte models were induced by fat emulsion and adipocytes were treated with JHP for 24 h. MAFLD rat models were induced by HFD-feeding and were intragastrically administered JHP for 12 weeks. Changes in fat accumulation, L02 cell damage, body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters, and mitochondrial indicators including ultrastructure, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS JHP attenuated the increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels, and significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. JHP up-regulated levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA). JHP afforded protection to the mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inhibited the HFD-induced increase in MDA and the reduction of SOD, GSH, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in liver mitochondria. JHP regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α and peroxide proliferator activated receptor α. CONCLUSION JHP alleviates HFD-induced MAFLD through the protection of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin C, Luo L, Cui Y, Jiang L, Li B, Lou Y, Weng Z, Lou J, Liu C, Weng C, Wang Z, Ji Y. Anti-Autophagy Mechanism of Zhi Gan Prescription Based on Network Pharmacology in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708479. [PMID: 34349657 PMCID: PMC8326404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Zhi Gan prescription (ZGP) has been clinically proven to exert a favorable therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study purpose to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of ZGP action in NASH. Methods: Systematic network pharmacology was used to identify bioactive components, potential targets, and the underlying mechanism of ZGP action in NASH. High fat (HF)-induced NASH model rats were used to assess the effect of ZGP against NASH, and to verify the possible molecular mechanisms as predicted by network pharmacology. Results: A total of 138 active components and 366 potential targets were acquired in ZGP. In addition, 823 targets of NASH were also screened. In vivo experiments showed that ZGP significantly improved the symptoms in HF-induced NASH rats. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that ZGP could regulate the hub genes, PTEN, IL-6 and TNF in NASH model rats. In addition, ZGP suppressed mitochondrial autophagy through mitochondrial fusion and fission via the PINK/Parkin pathway. Conclusion: ZGP exerts its effects on NASH through mitochondrial autophagy. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of ZGP in NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chufeng Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichuan Luo
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Yuanben Health Management Co. LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changan Hospital, Xian, China
| | - Yijie Lou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Weng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Lou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiting Weng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Ji
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li HY, Gan RY, Shang A, Mao QQ, Sun QC, Wu DT, Geng F, He XQ, Li HB. Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds on Fatty Liver Disease: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6621644. [PMID: 33728021 PMCID: PMC7939748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant-based, high-fiber, and low-fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant-based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant-based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant-based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant-based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan-Cai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin He
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
New insight and potential therapy for NAFLD: CYP2E1 and flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111326. [PMID: 33556870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased year by year; however, due to its complicated pathogenesis, there is no effective treatment so far. It is reported that Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an indispensable role in the development of NAFLD, and numerous studies have shown that flavonoids have a hepatoprotective effect and can exert a beneficial effect on NAFLD by regulating the activity of CYP2E1. Therefore, flavonoids may become effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD in the future. This prompted us to review the research progress of the pathological mechanism of NAFLD and the impact of CYP2E1 activity changes during the pathological process, and to summarize the protective effect of flavonoids against CYP2E1 activity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Han H, Li X, Guo Y, Zheng M, Xue T, Wang L. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice: association with regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via activating AMPK signaling. Food Funct 2021; 12:2171-2188. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving mitochondrial function, modifying lipid metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress via AMPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing
| | - Tingli Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Linqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He Y, Jiang J, He B, Shi Z. Chemical Activators of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is paralleling the insulin resistance and obesity epidemic and is regarded as liver metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence rate is increasing rapidly. The best explanation for the occurrence and development of NAFLD is the “multiple hit” hypothesis instead of the “two-hit” hypothesis. At present, NAFLD therapies are limited. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is a key pathway in oxidative stress. Its downstream proteins/enzymes are regulated. Metabolic enzymes and antioxidant proteins/enzymes play a vital role in cell defense protection and have attracted attention in the field of antioxidant research in recent years. This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and the research progress of Nrf2 activators in NAFLD to provide guidance for NAFLD therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Beihui He
- Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang International Exchange Center of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Wang C, Lu J, Jin Y, Xu C, Meng Q, Liu Q, Dong D, Ma X, Liu K, Sun H. Targeting of miR-96-5p by catalpol ameliorates oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in LDLr-/- mice via p66shc/cytochrome C cascade. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2049-2069. [PMID: 32023549 PMCID: PMC7041734 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress are considered to be the sequential steps in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We previously found that catalpol, an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Romania glutinosa L, protected against diabetes-induced hepatic oxidative stress. Here, we found that the increased expression of p66shc was observed in NAFLD models and catalpol could inhibit p66shc expression to ameliorate NAFLD effectively. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the p66shc-targeting miRNAs in regulating oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis, also the mechanisms of catalpol inhibiting NAFLD. We found that the effects of catalpol inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and steasis are dependent on inhibiting P66Shc expression. In addition, miR-96-5p was able to suppress p66shc/cytochrome C cascade via targeting p66shc mRNA 3’UTR, and catalpol could lead to suppression of NAFLD via upregulating miR-96-5p level. Thus, catalpol was effective in ameliorating NAFLD, and miR-96-5p/p66shc/cytochrome C cascade might be a potential target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Canyao Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu T, Shen M, Liu S, Yu Q, Chen Y, Xie J. Ameliorative effect of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:111014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
31
|
Zhang XX, Jiang CH, Liu Y, Lou DX, Huang YP, Gao M, Zhang J, Yin ZQ, Pan K. Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenic acids fraction attenuates kidney injury via AMPK-mTOR-regulated autophagy pathway in diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153060. [PMID: 31401495 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Diabetic nephropathy is the most serious complication of diabetes. Cyclocarya paliurus (CP), an herbal plant in China, has been reported the biological activity of anti-hyperglycemia. However, its effects on the diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the potential role of CP and its underlying mechanisms on DN. STUDY DESIGN In this study, the effects of triterpenic acids-enriched fraction from CP (CPT) on DN was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats and high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells models. METHODS After oral administration with or without CPT for 10 weeks, body weight, glucose, microalbumin, serum creatinine and blood urea in STZ-induced rats were detected. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate renal function of mice. Moreover, the level of autophagy was detected by western blot or immunostaining. In vitro, HG-induced HK-2 cell was conducted to evaluate the renal protection and mechanism of CPT. RESULTS CPT dramatically decreased the levels of microalbumin, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and ameliorated increased mesangial matrix and glomerular fibrosis. In addition, we found the CPT prevented renal damage and cell apoptosis through the autophagy. Furthermore, CPT could increase the phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease its downstream effector phosphorylation of mTOR. Besides, the expression of LC3-II were locked by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (compound C), implying that the autophagy may be regulated with AMPK activation. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that CPT might be a desired candidate against diabetes, potentially through AMPK-mTOR-regulated autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Lou
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang C, Wang Y, Jin Q, Zhang D, Gao M, Yao N, Yin Z, Zhang J, Ma S. Cyclocarya paliurus Triterpenoids Improve Diabetes-Induced Hepatic Inflammation via the Rho-Kinase-Dependent Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31404259 PMCID: PMC6669819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of triterpene extract of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (CPT) on diabetes-induced hepatic inflammation and to unveil the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes in db/db mice was alleviated after CPT administration, as assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, treatment with CPT dramatically reduced serum insulin, aspartate amino-transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol amounts. Besides, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also reduced after CPT administration. Western blot analysis revealed that CPT treatment significantly reversed the protein expression levels of Rho, ROCK1, ROCK2, p-P65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα, and p-IKKβ in liver samples obtained from db/db mice. Upon palmitic acid stimulation, the protective effects of CPT on the liver were further assessed in HepG2 and LO2 cells, and no appreciable cytotoxic effects were found. Therefore, these findings indicate that CPT alleviates liver inflammation via Rho-kinase signaling. Chemical compounds evaluated in this report: Metformin (PubChem CID: 4091); Fasudil (PubChem CID: 3547); Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang XX, Wang X, Shi TT, Dong JC, Li FJ, Zeng LX, Yang M, Gu W, Li JP, Yu J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The alleviating effect and its mechanism of Polygonatum kingianum. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109083. [PMID: 31387169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Developing mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represent attractive strategies for NAFLD therapy. In China, Polygonatum kingianum (PK) has been used as a herb and food nutrient for centuries. So far, studies in which the effects of PK on NAFLD are evaluated are lacking. Our study aims at identifying the effects and mechanism of action of PK on NAFLD based on mitochondrial regulation. METHODS A NAFLD rat model was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and rats were intragastrically given PK (1, 2 and 4 g/kg) for 14 weeks. Changes in body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters and mitochondrial indicators involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and apoptosis were investigated. RESULTS PK significantly inhibited the HFD-induced increase of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, and TC and triglyceride in the liver. In addition, PK reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver enlargement without affecting food intake. PK also remarkably inhibited the HFD-induced increase of malondialdehyde and the reduction of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in mitochondria. Moreover, mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and uncoupling protein-2 was significantly up-regulated and down-regulated after PK treatment, respectively. Finally, PK notably inhibited the HFD-induced increase of caspase 9, caspase 3 and Bax expression in hepatocytes, and the decrease of expression of Bcl-2 in hepatocytes and cytchrome c in mitochondria. CONCLUSION PK alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD by promoting mitochondrial functions. Thus, PK may be useful mitochondrial regulators/nutrients to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviate NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jin-Cai Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lin-Xi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Novel hepatoprotective role of Leonurine hydrochloride against experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mediated via AMPK/SREBP1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:571-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
Zhou T, Chang L, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Mst1 inhibition attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via reversing Parkin-related mitophagy. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101120. [PMID: 30708325 PMCID: PMC6357900 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is connected with mitochondrial stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Parkin-related mitophagy sustains mitochondrial homeostasis and hepatocyte viability. However, the contribution and regulatory mechanisms of Parkin-related mitophagy in NAFLD are incompletely understood. Macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) is a novel mitophagy upstream regulator which excerbates heart and cancer apoptosisn via repressing mitophagy activity. The aim of our study is to explore whether Mst1 contributes to NAFLD via disrupting Parkin-related mitophagy. A NAFLD model was generated in wild-type (WT) mice and Mst1 knockout (Mst1-KO) mice using high-fat diet (HFD). Cell experiments were conducted via palmitic acid (PA) treatment in the primary hepatocytes. The results in our study demonstrated that Mst1 was significantly upregulated in HFD-treated livers. Genetic ablation of Mst1 attenuated HFD-mediated hepatic injury and sustained hepatocyte viability. Functional studies illustrated that Mst1 knockdown reversed Parkin-related mitophagy and the latter protected mitochondria and hepatocytes against HFD challenge. Besides, we further figured out that Mst1 modulated Parkin expression via the AMPK pathway; blockade of AMPK repressed Parkin-related mitophagy and recalled hepatocytes mitochondrial apoptosis. Altogether, our data identified that NAFLD was closely associated with the defective Parkin-related mitophagy due to Mst1 upregulation. This finding may pave the road to new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Mst1 deletion prevents diet-induced NAFLD. Mst1 deficiency increases Parkin expression and thus reverses mitophagy activity. Loss of Parkin-related mitophagy abrogates the protective effect of Mst1 deletion on hepatocyte mitochondrial stress. Mst1 modulates Parkin via activating AMPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yin Y, Liu H, Zheng Z, Lu R, Jiang Z. Genistein can ameliorate hepatic inflammatory reaction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1290-1296. [PMID: 30841442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein plays an active role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study is designed to investigate the effect of genistein on liver inflammation in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Forty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, genistein low-dose group (0.1% wt/wt) and high-dose group (0.2% wt/wt) with 10 rats in each group. After 12 weeks' feeding, liver tissues and serum samples of rats were taken, and HE staining was used to perform pathological examination of liver tissues, then the degree of inflammatory infiltration was observed and NAFLD activity score(NAS) was calculated. With corresponding kits, several indicators were detected, namely, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TC and TG, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood glucose and serum endotoxin. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) in liver and insulin in blood of rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), then the HOMA-IR index was calculated. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression level of TLR4 protein and the RT-PCR was used to detect Tlr4 mRNA expression in liver tissue. The results showed that genistein could reduce TLR4 protein and gene expression, decrease the endotoxin and TNFα, alleviate the inflammatory reaction and make the indicators detected in blood and liver stay near normal in NASH rats. In conclusion, genistein can ameliorate hepatic inflammatory reaction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zicong Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ren T, Zhu L, Shen Y, Mou Q, Lin T, Feng H. Protection of hepatocyte mitochondrial function by blueberry juice and probiotics via SIRT1 regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:1540-1551. [PMID: 30785444 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02298d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry juice and probiotics improves mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), by modulating the SIRT1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ren
- Department of Physiology and Chemistry
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550004
- China
- School of Medical Examination
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550004
- China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Graduate School of Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550004
- China
| | - Qiuju Mou
- Department of Blood Transfusion
- Baiyun Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550004
- China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Clinical Examination
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550004
- China
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chlorogenic acid against palmitic acid in endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis resulting in protective effect of primary rat hepatocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:270. [PMID: 30486828 PMCID: PMC6263050 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We demonstrated growing evidence supports a protective role of chlorogenic acid of rat hepatocytes elicited by two compounds, i.e. thapsigargin and palmitic acid. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms of palmitic acid induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death. Methods The proliferation of primary rat hepatocytes was detected by MTT assay. The expression of GRP78, CHOP and GRP94 was detected by Western blot analyses. Caspase-3 activity was detected by a Caspase-3 substrate kit. Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining. Results We demonstrated that incubation of hepatocytes for 16 h with palmitic acid elevated cell death. Moreover, Western blot analyses demonstrated increased levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers — glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94). Chlorogenic acid could inhibit ER stress induced cell death and levels of indicators of ER stress caused by palmitic acid. The effect of thapsigargin, which evokes ER stress were reversed by chlorogenic acid. Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that in primary rat hepatocytes, chlorogenic acid prevents ER stress-mediated apoptosis of palmitic acid.
Collapse
|
39
|
Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Oxidative Stress-Associated Liver Injury Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicine: An Experimental Evidence-Based Literature Review and Network Pharmacology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092745. [PMID: 30217028 PMCID: PMC6165031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a disequilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, can result in histopathological lesions with a broad spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in an orchestrated manner. Although cells are equipped with sophisticated strategies to maintain the redox biology under normal conditions, the abundance of redox-sensitive xenobiotics, such as medicinal ingredients originated from herbs or animals, can dramatically invoke oxidative stress. Growing evidence has documented that the hepatotoxicity can be triggered by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during treating various diseases. Meanwhile, TCM-dependent hepatic disorder represents a strong correlation with oxidative stress, especially the persistent accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Of note, since TCM-derived compounds with their modulated targets are greatly diversified among themselves, it is complicated to elaborate the potential pathological mechanism. In this regard, data mining approaches, including network pharmacology and bioinformatics enrichment analysis have been utilized to scientifically disclose the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, top 10 principal TCM-modulated targets for oxidative hepatotoxicity including superoxide dismutases (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and nitric oxide (NO) have been identified. Furthermore, hepatic metabolic dysregulation may be the predominant pathological mechanism involved in TCM-induced hepatotoxic impairment.
Collapse
|