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Liu F, Zhao L, Wu T, Yu W, Li J, Wang W, Huang C, Diao Z, Xu Y. Targeting autophagy with natural products as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic microangiopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364616. [PMID: 38659578 PMCID: PMC11039818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As the quality of life improves, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its microvascular complications (DMC) continues to increase, posing a threat to people's health and wellbeing. Given the limitations of existing treatment, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat DMC. Autophagy, a pivotal mechanism governing metabolic regulation in organisms, facilitates the removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, thereby sustaining cellular homeostasis and energy generation. Anomalous states in pancreatic β-cells, podocytes, Müller cells, cardiomyocytes, and Schwann cells in DMC are closely linked to autophagic dysregulation. Natural products have the property of being multi-targeted and can affect autophagy and hence DMC progression in terms of nutrient perception, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review consolidates recent advancements in understanding DMC pathogenesis via autophagy and proposes novel perspectives on treating DMC by either stimulating or inhibiting autophagy using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihao Diao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Chen X, Li X, Cao B, Chen X, Zhang K, Han F, Kan C, Zhang J, Sun X, Guo Z. Mechanisms and efficacy of traditional Chinese herb monomers in diabetic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:571-582. [PMID: 37552392 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes and is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Current treatment strategies primarily focus on the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the attainment of blood glucose control. Although current medical therapies for DKD have been shown to delay disease progression and improve long-term outcomes, their efficacy is limited and they may be restricted in certain cases, particularly when hyperkalemia is present. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has emerged as a significant complementary approach for DKD. TCM monomers, derived from various Chinese herbs, have been found to modulate multiple therapeutic targets and exhibit a broad range of therapeutic effects in patients with DKD. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of action of TCM monomers in the treatment of DKD, based on findings from clinical trials, as well as cell and animal studies. The results of these investigations demonstrate the potential effective use of TCM monomers in treating or preventing DKD, offering a promising new direction for future research in the field. By providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and efficacy of TCM monomers in DKD, this review highlights the potential of these natural compounds as alternative therapeutic options for improving outcomes in patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhentao Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.
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Li X, Gu Y, Ren L, Cai Q, Qiu Y, He J, Qu W, Ji W. Study of hispidulin in the treatment of uric acid nephropathy based on NF-κB signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14367. [PMID: 37880153 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid nephropathy (UAN) is caused by purine metabolism disorders. UAN rat models were established in SD rats. The modeling rats received different doses of hispidulin (10, 20, 50 mg/mL). Febuxostat was applied as the positive drug. Serum creatinine, uric acid (UA), and cystatin-C (cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 in rats were detected. HE staining was done to assess kidney injury. UAN rats possessed prominent levels of serum creatinine, UA, cys-C, and NGAL, which all reduced after hispidulin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. HE staining determined the improvement of kidney injury after treatment, which was comparable to the efficacy of febuxostat. Hispidulin inhibited the release of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 in UAN rats. Hispidulin enhanced autophagy in UAN rats, presenting as ascending LC3II/I ratio and downregulated P62. The increasing trend of inflammasome-related proteins of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 was changeovered by hispidulin. The activation of NF-kB signaling was intercepted by hispidulin in UAN rats. Hispidulin can effectively improve renal function injury caused by UAN in rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response induced by autophagy and activation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Lihong Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Nephrology, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Zhang Y, Xing X, Li M, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang J. Podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy: Novel mechanism discovery and therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115670. [PMID: 37837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, posing significant challenges in terms of early prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Consequently, it has emerged as a major contributor to end-stage renal disease. The glomerular filtration barrier, composed of podocytes, endothelial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane, plays a vital role in maintaining renal function. Disruptions in podocyte function, including hypertrophy, shedding, reduced density, and apoptosis, can impair the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, resulting in elevated proteinuria, abnormal glomerular filtration rate, and increased creatinine levels. Hence, recent research has increasingly focused on the role of podocyte injury in DN, with a growing emphasis on exploring therapeutic interventions targeting podocyte injury. Studies have revealed that factors such as lipotoxicity, hemodynamic abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy can contribute to podocyte injury. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN and provide an overview of the current research status regarding experimental drugs targeting podocyte injury in DN. The findings presented herein may offer potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of DN associated with podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Liu H, Chen W, Tian C, Deng Y, Xu L, Ouyang W, Qiu R, You Y, Jiang P, Zhou L, Cheng J, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Sun X. The mechanism of Shenbing Decoction II against IgA nephropathy renal fibrosis revealed by UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21997. [PMID: 38027651 PMCID: PMC10654229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a major and growing public health problem. Renal fibrosis plays a vital role in the progression of IgAN. This study is to investigate the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic effects of Shenbing Decoction II (SBDII) in IgAN renal fibrosis treatment based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), network pharmacology and experimental verification. Method We first used UPLC-MS/MS to explore the main compounds of SBDII, and then used network pharmacology to predict the targets and key pathways of SBDII in the treatment of IgAN renal fibrosis. Next, bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) were used to induce IgAN in rats, and then biochemical indicators, renal tissue pathology, and renal fibrosis-related indicators were examined. At the same time, part of the results predicted by network pharmacology were also verified. Result A total of 105 compounds were identified in SBDII by UPLC-MS/MS. Network pharmacology results showed that the active compounds such as acacetin, eupatilin, and galangin may mediate the therapeutic effects of SBDII in treating IgAN by targeting tumor protein p53 (TP53) and regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt kinase (Akt) signaling pathway. Animal experiments showed that SBDII not only significantly improved renal function and fibrosis in IgAN rats, but also significantly downregulated the expressions of p53, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Conclusion This UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacological and experimental study highlights that the TP53 as a target, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are the potential mechanism by which SBDII is involved in IgAN renal fibrosis treatment. Acacetin, eupatilin, and galangin are probable active compounds in SBDII, these results might provide valuable guidance for further studies of IgAN renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxi Liu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyang Tian
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijian Deng
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangwo Xu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenkun Ouyang
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Qiu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xiao J, Tan J, Yu L, Liu G, Yu S. Effects of DJ‑1 on apoptosis and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:463. [PMID: 37664676 PMCID: PMC10468806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By studying the effects of DJ-1 overexpression and silencing on the morphological structure and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes, the present study aimed to identify the effects of DJ-1 on glomerular podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy. MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: Control, DJ-1 overexpression, empty vector and DJ-1 silencing. DJ-1 gene overexpression and silencing models were prepared, the morphological structures of podocytes and mitochondria in each group were observed, and podocyte apoptosis and DJ-1/PTEN expression were subsequently detected in each group. The experimental results showed reduced volume, retracted foot processes, loosened intercellular connections, presence of dead cells, increased apoptotic rate, increased expression of PTEN, and swollen mitochondria due to the number of vacuoles and autophagosomes in podocytes in the DJ-1 silencing group. The surface areas of podocytes in the DJ-1 overexpression group were greater than those in the control group. Moreover, the structure of the foot processes was more obvious, the number of cells was greater, the intercellular connections were closer, the apoptotic rate was reduced, the expression of PTEN was decreased, the mitochondrial structure was more obvious and the mitochondrial cristae were more whole. Notably, there were no differences between the empty vector and control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that DJ-1 may regulate podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy through the DJ-1/PTEN pathway, and could maintain the stability of the normal morphology, structure and function of glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524002, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Zhao G, Ren Y, Yan J, Zhang T, Lu P, Lei J, Rao H, Kang X, Cao Z, Peng F, Peng C, Rao C, Li Y. Neoprzewaquinone A Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Promotes Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Targeting PIM1 to Block ROCK2/STAT3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065464. [PMID: 36982538 PMCID: PMC10051292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) has been widely used to treat cancer and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. Here, we found that Neoprzewaquinone A (NEO), an active component of S. miltiorrhiza, selectively inhibits PIM1. We showed that NEO potently inhibits PIM1 kinase at nanomolar concentrations and significantly suppresses the growth, migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 in vitro. Molecular docking simulations revealed that NEO enters the PIM1 pocket, thereby triggering multiple interaction effects. Western blot analysis revealed that both NEO and SGI-1776 (a specific PIM1 inhibitor), inhibited ROCK2/STAT3 signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that PIM1 kinase modulates cell migration and EMT via ROCK2 signaling. Recent studies indicated that ROCK2 plays a key role in smooth muscle contraction, and that ROCK2 inhibitors effectively control the symptoms of high intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. Here, we showed that NEO and SGI-1776 significantly reduce IOP in normal rabbits and relax pre-restrained thoracic aortic rings in rats. Taken together, our findings indicated that NEO inhibits TNBC cell migration and relaxes smooth muscles mainly by targeting PIM1 and inhibiting ROCK2/STAT3 signaling, and that PIM1 may be an effective target for IOP and other circulatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yali Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jieting Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huanan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Liu P, Zhu W, Wang Y, Ma G, Zhao H, Li P. Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds in attenuating renal injury via regulating autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142805. [PMID: 36942026 PMCID: PMC10023817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, and there is a lack of effective treatment strategies. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process that maintains homeostasis and energy balance by removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in the kidney under diabetic conditions. Emerging studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds may ameliorate diabetic kidney injury by regulating autophagy. In this review, we summarize that dysregulation or insufficiency of autophagy in renal cells, including podocytes, glomerular mesangial cells, and proximal tubular epithelial cells, is a key mechanism for the development of DKD, and focus on the protective effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds. Moreover, we systematically reviewed the mechanism of autophagy in DKD regulated by Chinese herb compound preparations, single herb and active compounds, so as to provide new drug candidates for clinical treatment of DKD. Finally, we also reviewed the candidate targets of Chinese herbal medicine regulating autophagy for DKD. Therefore, further research on Chinese herbal medicine with autophagy regulation and their targets is of great significance for the realization of new targeted therapies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guijie Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
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10
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Shi X, Chang M, Zhao M, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds ameliorating glomerular diseases via autophagy: A mechanism review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Abou Daher A, Alkhansa S, Azar WS, Rafeh R, Ghadieh HE, Eid AA. Translational Aspects of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complexes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:802-819. [PMID: 34544257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite the many efforts put into understanding diabetic nephropathy (DN), direct treatments for DN have yet to be discovered. Understanding the mechanisms behind DN is an essential step in the development of novel therapeutic regimens. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as an important candidate in the quest for drug discovery because of its role in regulating growth, proliferation, as well as protein and lipid metabolism. Recent Advances: Kidney cells have been found to rely on basal autophagy for survival and for conserving kidney integrity. Recent studies have shown that diabetes induces renal autophagy deregulation, leading to kidney injury. Hyper-activation of the mTOR pathway and oxidative stress have been suggested to play a role in diabetes-induced autophagy imbalance. Critical Issues: A detailed understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in diabetes-associated complications is of major importance in the search for a cure. In this review, we provide evidence that mTOR is heavily implicated in diabetes-induced kidney injury. We suggest possible mechanisms through which mTOR exerts its negative effects by increasing insulin resistance, upregulating oxidative stress, and inhibiting autophagy. Future Directions: Both increased oxidative stress and autophagy deregulation are deeply embedded in DN. However, the mechanisms controlling oxidative stress and autophagy are not well understood. Although Akt/mTOR signaling seems to play an important role in oxidative stress and autophagy, further investigation is required to uncover the details of this signaling pathway. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 802-819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - William S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
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13
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Zhang X, Du J, Li B, Huo S, Zhang J, Cui Y, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy mitigates T-2 toxin-induced nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113078. [PMID: 35489469 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin can cause mitochondrial impairment and subsequent renal damage. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy can mitigate renal impairment by alleviating mitochondrial damage. Nevertheless, the impact of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in T-2 toxin-induced renal injury remains unclear. Here, we studied the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in T-2 toxin-induced nephrotoxicity. Mitochondrial damage was accompanied by NLRP3-inflammasome activation and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the kidney of T-2 toxin-exposed C57BL/6N mice. Knocking out Parkin inhibited the mitophagy but aggravated the structural and functional damage, NLRP3-inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Correlation analysis revealed that NLRP3-inflammasome activation was correlated with apoptosis. These results show that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy mitigates T-2 toxin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiayu Du
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siming Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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14
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Hispidulin Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27062019. [PMID: 35335387 PMCID: PMC8948942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that plays a crucial role in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Hispidulin is a natural flavonoid that possesses various biological activities. Recent studies have shown that hispidulin administration alleviates various inflammatory diseases in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of hispidulin on LPS-induced AKI. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered LPS (10 mg/kg) with or without hispidulin (50 mg/kg). Hispidulin administration attenuated renal dysfunction, histological alterations, and the upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. This flavonoid also reduced cytokine production and Toll-like receptor 4 expression, inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and alleviated immune cell infiltration. The oxidation of lipids and DNA was also inhibited by hispidulin administration. This antioxidant effect of hispidulin was associated with the downregulation of NADPH oxidase 4, the activation of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and the restoration of glutathione levels. Moreover, hispidulin administration attenuated tubular cell apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 pathway. These data suggest that hispidulin ameliorates endotoxin-induced kidney injury by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell death.
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15
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Teh YM, Mualif SA, Lim SK. A comprehensive insight into autophagy and its potential signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in podocyte injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106153. [PMID: 34974186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the glomerular filtration membrane, podocyte is terminally differentiated, structurally unique, and highly specialized in maintaining kidney function. Proteinuria caused by podocyte injury (foot process effacement) is the clinical symptom of various kidney diseases (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte autophagy has become a powerful therapeutic strategy target in ameliorating podocyte injury. Autophagy is known to be associated significantly with sirtuin-1, proteinuria, and podocyte injury. Various key findings in podocyte autophagy were reported in the past ten years, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocyte autophagy impairment, podocyte autophagy-related gene, essential roles of the signaling pathways: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/ Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/ serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) in podocyte autophagy. These significant factors caused podocyte injury associated with autophagy impairment. Sirtuin-1 was reported to have a vital key role in mTOR signaling, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation, autophagy activation, and various critical pathways associated with podocyte's function and health; it has potential value to podocyte injury pathogenesis investigation. From these findings, podocyte autophagy has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury, and this review will provide an in-depth review on therapeutic targets he podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Mond Teh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Mualif
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Medical Device and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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Structural optimization for pyrimidine analogues inhibitors against MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1(MNK1) based on molecular simulation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Han X, Wen Q, Qiu X, Deng H, Chen Q. Protective Effect of Keluoxin against Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8455709. [PMID: 34712350 PMCID: PMC8548109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8455709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney disease that develops in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal dysfunction and persistent proteinuria are the main clinical features of DN. Podocyte injury is an important cause of persistent proteinuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Traditional Chinese patent medicines can improve renal function by enhancing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Keluoxin is a Chinese patent medicine that has the effect of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, activating blood, and eliminating blood stasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that Keluoxin may have a protective effect against diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 DM. Rats induced with diabetes through streptozocin (STZ) injection and a high-fat and high-sugar diet were treated with Keluoxin (0.63 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and renal function, biochemical indicators, and histopathological changes in renal tissues were observed. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins. The results showed that Keluoxin reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, improved renal function, and alleviated renal histopathological changes in rats with DN. The therapeutic effect was similar to that of Irbesartan (15.6 mg/kg/day). It is inferred that the mechanism works through reducing the obstruction of downstream pathways of autophagy by improving the lysosomal degradation function and alleviating podocyte injury. This study demonstrates that Keluoxin could regulate autophagy in podocytes, alleviate kidney injury in rats with DN, and have a protective effect on renal function; its mechanism can thus be a potential therapy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xuke Han
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qing Wen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xianliang Qiu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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18
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Clinical efficacies, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of Chinese medicines for diabetic nephropathy treatment and management. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2749-2767. [PMID: 34589395 PMCID: PMC8463270 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been recognized as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a dominant pathogeny of end-stage kidney disease, which causes serious health problems and great financial burden to human society worldwide. Conventional strategies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, blood glucose level control, and bodyweight reduction, may not achieve satisfactory outcomes in many clinical practices for DN management. Notably, due to the multi-target function, Chinese medicine possesses promising clinical benefits as primary or alternative therapies for DN treatment. Increasing studies have emphasized identifying bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of reno-protective effects of Chinese medicines. Signaling pathways involved in glucose/lipid metabolism regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and podocyte protection have been identified as crucial mechanisms of action. Herein, we summarize the clinical efficacies of Chinese medicines and their bioactive components in treating and managing DN after reviewing the results demonstrated in clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with a thorough discussion on the relative underlying mechanisms and molecular targets reported in animal and cellular experiments. We aim to provide comprehensive insights into the protective effects of Chinese medicines against DN.
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Key Words
- ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ADE, adverse event
- AGEs, advanced glycation end-products
- AM, mesangial area
- AMPKα, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- AREs, antioxidant response elements
- ATK, protein kinase B
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X protein
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BCL-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- BMP-7, bone morphogenetic protein-7
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- BW, body weight
- C, control group
- CCR, creatinine clearance rate
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CI, confidence interval
- COL-I/IV, collagen I/IV
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Chinese medicine
- D, duration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DG, glomerular diameter
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic kidney disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- EP, E-prostanoid receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelium A receptor
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FN, fibronectin
- GCK, glucokinase
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GRB 10, growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gαq, Gq protein alpha subunit
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IKK-β, IκB kinase β
- IL-1β/6, interleukin 1β/6
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE-1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRS, insulin receptor substrate
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LOX1, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MD, mean difference
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-2, matrix metallopeptidase 2
- MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Molecular target
- N/A, not applicable
- N/O, not observed
- N/R, not reported
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOX-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-4
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OCP, oxidative carbonyl protein
- ORP150, 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein
- P70S6K, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PARP, poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase
- PBG, postprandial blood glucose
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2A kinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAGE, receptors of AGE
- RASI, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor
- RCT, randomized clinical trial
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCr, serum creatinine
- SD, standard deviation
- SD-rat, Sprague–Dawley rat
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SMAD, small mothers against decapentaplegic
- SMD, standard mean difference
- SMURF-2, SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2
- SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Signaling pathway
- T, treatment group
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TG, triglyceride
- TGBM, thickness of glomerular basement membrane
- TGF-β, tumor growth factor β
- TGFβR-I/II, TGF-β receptor I/II
- TII, tubulointerstitial injury index
- TLR-2/4, toll-like receptor 2/4
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TRAF5, tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5
- UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
- UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate
- UMA, urinary microalbumin
- UP, urinary protein
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMD, weight mean difference
- XBP-1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- eGFR, estimated GFR
- eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IRS1, phospho-IRS1
- p62, sequestosome 1 protein
- α-SMA, α smooth muscle actin
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Feng H, Feng Q, Xiao T, Liu T, Guan B, Firdous SM, Huang J. Ipomoea staphylina Attenuates Potassium Dichromate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats via Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 499:289-295. [PMID: 34426928 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to chromium compounds leads to nephrotoxicity to humans and animals due to the overproduction of ROS. Our study was aimed to demonstrate the shielding effect of hydroethanolic extract of Ipomoea staphylina (HEIS) bark on male Wistar rats challenged with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Division of animals was done in 4 groups' viz., normal control, K2Cr2O7 control, K2Cr2O7+HEIS (100 mg/kg), and K2Cr2O7+HEIS (200 mg/kg). Except for the normal control group, other groups were challenged with a single dose (subcutaneous) of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg) and then treated with HEIS (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 1 week. It was observed that animals treated with K2Cr2O7 showed a notable increase in serum creatinine, blood urea, and BUN and dwindles in protein level. These changes were significantly reversed after a 1-week treatment with HEIS (100 and 200 mg/kg). Moreover, HEIS (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed a remarkable improvement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, and SOD) and decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the kidney. Furthermore, treatment with HEIS (100 and 200 mg/kg) notably decreased the activity of caspase-3 and improved the level of HO-1 especially in the K2Cr2O7+ HEIS (200 mg/kg) group. Also, the histopathological study of the kidney supported the protective effects of HEIS. Hence, HEIS bark holds a notable protective effect against K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi Guan
- Department of Nursing, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sayed M Firdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHS, 711316, Uluberia, Howrah, India
| | - Jinping Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Yuan S, Liang X, He W, Liang M, Jin J, He Q. ATF4-dependent heme-oxygenase-1 attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in podocyte. Ren Fail 2021; 43:968-979. [PMID: 34157937 PMCID: PMC8231401 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1936040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Podocyte injury plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN is not clear. Here, we investigated the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and HO-1 in DN-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Protein expression was measured by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence. Cellular apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. ATF4 siRNA knockdown and HO-1 overexpression in podocyte were employed to evaluate the role of ER stress in DN-induced apoptosis and autophagy response. Urinary protein levels, nephrin expression, serum creatinine and BUN were evaluated and glomerulosclerosis was quantified by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. RESULTS Expression of ATF4 was increased in podocytes exposed to serum from DN mice. ATF4 knockdown enhanced DN-induced podocyte apoptosis. HO-1 overexpression reduced the decline of DN-induced podocyte autophagy and inhibited apoptosis and the beneficial effects of HO-1 overexpression in DN were blocked by ATF4 knockdown. The diabetic mice were significantly ameliorated by HO-1 agonist hemin treatment. CONCLUSIONS ATF4 induces autophagy by enhancing the expression of HO-1, and inhibits podocyte apoptosis in DN. Treatment with the HO-1 agonist reduced proteinuria, apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy response, and thus improved renal function in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou,P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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A Bioinformatics Investigation into the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:713-726. [PMID: 34028657 PMCID: PMC9270285 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated consistent benefits in the reduction of hospitalization for HF in patients with DM. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. To investigate the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in DM with HF, we performed target prediction and network analysis by a network pharmacology method. METHODS We selected targets of SGLT2 inhibitors and DM status with HF from databases and studies. The "Drug-Target" and "Drug-Target-Disease" networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed using the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to investigate using the Bioconductor tool for analysis. RESULTS There were 125 effective targets between SGLT2 inhibitors and DM status with HF. Through further screening, 33 core targets were obtained, including SRC, MAPK1, NARS, MAPK3 and EGFR. It was predicted that the Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signaling pathways were involved in the treatment of DM with HF by SGLT2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective based on pharmacological networks. The key targets and pathways will provide new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of DM with HF.
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22
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu M, Huang W, Zhang J, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. The nephrotoxicity of T-2 toxin in mice caused by oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis is related to Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Ihenacho UK, Meacham KA, Harwig MC, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Organellar Form and Function in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660095. [PMID: 33841340 PMCID: PMC8027123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) was identified in yeast as being essential for mitochondrial division or fission and subsequently determined to mediate human mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Yet, its exact functions in humans, especially in regard to mitochondrial fission, remains an enigma as genetic deletion of Fis1 elongates mitochondria in some cell types, but not others. Fis1 has also been identified as an important component of apoptotic and mitophagic pathways suggesting the protein may have multiple, essential roles. This review presents current perspectives on the emerging functions of Fis1 and their implications in human health and diseases, with an emphasis on Fis1's role in both endocrine and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Meacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Blake Hill,
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24
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Gao X, Liu Y, Wang L, Sai N, Liu Y, Ni J. Morroniside Inhibits H 2O 2-Induced Podocyte Apoptosis by Down-Regulating NOX4 Expression Controlled by Autophagy In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:533809. [PMID: 33071778 PMCID: PMC7538771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.533809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis is the common pathological basis for the progression of various kidney diseases. The overexpression of NOX4, a key enzyme involved in oxidative stress, has been proved to participate in the occurrence of podocyte apoptosis. Autophagy is a kind of adaptive response of cells under stress. However, as a “double-edged sword”, the effect of autophagy on apoptosis in different cells and conditions is complex and variable, which has not been fully explained yet. Morroniside, extracted from the traditional medicinal plant Cornus officinalis, has remarkable antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects, and has been proven to inhibit the overexpression of NOX4 in kidney tissue. Therefore, H2O2 was used in this study to explore the effects of autophagy on podocyte NOX4 overexpression and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, as well as the protection mechanism of morroniside in podocytes. The results showed that the autophagy activator rapamycin, as well as the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, could induce podocyte apoptosis cultured in normal condition, and chloroquine could also significantly increase the NOX4 expression. The NOX4 expression and apoptosis rate of podocytes increased after H2O2 treatment, the expression of LC3-II decreased, and the expressions of p62, mTOR, and p-mTOR increased. The intervention of morroniside and rapamycin improved autophagy activity and inhibited NOX4 overexpression and apoptosis induced by H2O2. And chloroquine reversed the inhibitory effect of morroniside on NOX4 overexpression and podocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that the expression level of NOX4 in podocytes is regulated by autophagy activity. Morroniside can reduce oxidative stress induced podocyte apoptosis by restoring the damaged autophagy flux and inhibit the overexpression of NOX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yixiu Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wan Q, Liu Z, Yang M, Deng P, Tang N, Liu Y. Triptolide ameliorates fine particulate matter-induced podocytes injury via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:4. [PMID: 32013860 PMCID: PMC6998203 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2.5 is associated closely with an increased risk of membranous nephropathy (MN), however, whether PM2.5 could induce podocytes injury, the underlying pathology for MN, has not be thoroughly studied. Triptolide, an active component in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is frequently used to treat MN in China, but its effects on PM2.5-induced podocytes injury is still largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PM2.5 on podocytes, and explored whether triptolide could improve PM2.5-induced podocytes injury and the possible underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Podocytes were incubated with PM2.5 after being pre-treated with triptolide, viability, apoptosis rate and migratory capacity of podocytes were determined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay, respectively. Additionally, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in podocytes, the cytoskeleton of podocytes, the protein expressions of nephrin, podocin, Bcl-2, Bax, nuclear factor kappa-B/p65 (NF-κB/p65) and phospho-inhibitor of NF-κB (p-IκBα) were measured. Our data showed that PM2.5 treatment significantly increased the disorganization of F-actin stress fibers, the damaged structural integrity of nucleus, the deranged and dissociated cytoskeleton in podocytes, increased the podocytes apoptosis rate, the levels of MDA and LDH, markedly up-regulated the protein expression of Bax, NF-κB/p65 and p-IκBα, down-regulated the protein expression of nephrin, podocin and Bcl-2, and significantly decreased the level of SOD, the migration rate and the viability of podocytes, compared with those of the untreated podocytes. These effects of PM2.5 on podocytes, however, were reversed by triptolide administration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that triptolide could prevent against PM2.5-induced podocytes injury via suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Zhongyong Liu
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Medical Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
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He C, Liu G, Zhuang S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Huang Z, Zheng Y. Yu Nu Compound Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis Through mTOR in vivo and vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2081-2092. [PMID: 32606867 PMCID: PMC7308788 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yu Nu compound (YNJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely utilized to treat type 2 diabetes possibly through mediating autophagy. Abnormal podocyte autophagy and apoptosis could result in podocyte loss in diabetics nephropathy (DN). The mechanism of Yu Nu compound in DN is still unclear. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effects of Yu Nu compound and analyze the potential mechanism. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were administered using YNJ with different doses once a day by gavage for 4 weeks. The renal cortex injury was observed by HE staining and electron microscope. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was analyzed by TUNNEL staining. The mTOR, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot or real-time PCR in vivo and vitro. MPC5 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 30mM) for 12h to simulate podocyte injury in DN. MPC5 cells were treated by serum containing YNJ with different dosages. Cell activities and apoptosis were, respectively, detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that the medium dose of YNJ had better effects on decreasing blood glucose and improving renal injury in GK rats, followed by decreasing mTOR levels. The autophagy levels were enhanced in renal cortex, accompanied with the increase of cell apoptosis in vivo. Besides, the proteins regulating autophagy and apoptosis were significantly modulated by YNJ in GK rats. Then, we found that the decreasing endogenous mTOR could reverse the effects of YNJ on podocyte apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. DISCUSSION The study suggested that YNJ recovered normal autophagy and suppressed apoptosis through regulating mTOR. The maintenance of normal basal autophagic activity possibly based on the effect of YNJ on multiple target was essential for maintaining podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigu He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Caigu He Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hetian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Dai B, Ni X. Long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) alleviates the high glucose-induced injury of CIHP-1 cells via regulating miR-9-5p/PPARγ axis in diabetes nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:68. [PMID: 32774472 PMCID: PMC7409641 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glucose (HG) induced podocytes injury plays an important role in diabetes nephropathy (DN) development. Long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) was found to be decreased in serum of DN patients. We aimed to explore the function and possible mechanism of CASC2 in HG induced podocytes injury. METHODS Under normal glucose (NG), HG and mannitol stimulated podocyte conditions, the levels of CASC2, microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Podocyte injury was evaluated by measuring cell viability and apoptosis of CIHP-1 cells were checked by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect all protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were performed to confirm the relationship between CASC2 and miR-9-5p. RESULTS HG stimulation inhibited the expression levels of CASC2 and PPARγ, but promoted the expression of miR-9-5p. HG could restrain cell viability, autophagy and facilitate apoptosis in CIHP-1 cells, while CASC2 overexpression could reverse HG-induced podocytes injury. Furthermore, CASC2 could be used as a ceRNA to adsorb miR-9-5p, and miR-9-5p mimic overturned the effects of CASC2 on cell viability, autophagy and apoptosis in HG-stimulated podocytes. Additionally, PPARγ was a target gene of miR-9-5p, and CASC2 could weaken the HG-induced podocytes injury by up-regulating PPARγ. CONCLUSION CASC2 increased cell viability, autophagy and inhibited cell apoptosis by regulating miR-9-5p/PPARγ axis, thus reducing the HG-induced podocytes injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Heze Mudan People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xiquan Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Tai’an Campus of the 960th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, No.217 Huanshan Road, Taishan District, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
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Dragoș D, Manea MM, Timofte D, Ionescu D. Mechanisms of Herbal Nephroprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:5710513. [PMID: 32695828 PMCID: PMC7362309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5710513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of kidney morbidity. Despite the multilayered complexity of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DN, the conventional treatment is limited to just a few drug classes fraught with the risk of adverse events, including the progression of renal dysfunction. Phytoceuticals offer a promising alternative as they act on the many-sidedness of DN pathophysiology, multitargeting its intricacies. This paper offers a review of the mechanisms underlying the protective action of these phytoagents, including boosting the antioxidant capabilities, suppression of inflammation, averting the proliferative and sclerosing/fibrosing events. The pathogenesis of DN is viewed as a continuum going from the original offense, high glucose, through the noxious products it generates (advanced glycation end-products, products of oxidative and nitrosative stress) and the signaling chains consequently brought into action, to the harmful mediators of inflammation, sclerosis, and proliferation that eventually lead to DN, despite the countervailing attempts of the protective mechanisms. Special attention was given to the various pathways involved, pointing out the ability of the phytoagents to hinder the deleterious ones (especially those leading to, driven by, or associated with TGF-β activation, SREBP, Smad, MAPK, PKC, NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase), to promote the protective ones (PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, EP4/Gs/AC/cAMP, Nrf2, AMPK, and SIRT1), and to favorably modulate those with potentially dual effect (PI3K/Akt). Many phytomedicines have emerged as potentially useful out of in vitro and in vivo studies, but the scarcity of human trials seriously undermines their usage in the current clinical practice-an issue that stringently needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Dragoș
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Maria Mirabela Manea
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Şos. Berceni, Nr. 10-12, Sector 4, Bucharest 041914, Romania
| | - Delia Timofte
- Dialysis Department of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
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Tu Q, Li Y, Jin J, Jiang X, Ren Y, He Q. Curcumin alleviates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting podocyte mesenchymal transdifferentiation and inducing autophagy in rats and MPC5 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:778-786. [PMID: 31741405 PMCID: PMC6882478 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1688843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism remains unclear.Objective: The efficacy of curcumin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocyte and autophagy in vivo and in vitro was explored.Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the normal, model and curcumin (300 mg/kg/d, i.g., for 8 weeks) groups. Rats received streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and high-fat-sugar diet to induce DN. Biochemical indicators and histomorphology of renal tissues were observed. In addition, cultured mouse podocytes (MPC5) was induced to EMT with serum from DN rats, and then exposed to curcumin (40 µM) with or without fumonisin B1, an Akt specific activator or 3BDO, the mTOR inducer. Western blot analysed the levels of EMT and autophagy associated proteins.Results: Administration of curcumin obviously reduced the levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine albumen (by 28.4, 37.6, 33.5 and 22.4%, respectively), and attenuated renal histomorphological changes in DN rats. Podocytes were partially fused and autophagic vacuoles were increased in curcumin-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and LC3 proteins and downregulated the vimentin, TWIST1, p62, p-mTOR, p-Akt and P13K levels in DN rats and MPC5 cells. However, fumonisin B1 or 3BDO reversed the effects of curcumin on the expression of these proteins in cells.Discussion and conclusions: The protection against development of DN by curcumin treatment involved changes in inducing autophagy and alleviating podocyte EMT, through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, providing the scientific basis for further research and clinical applications of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Peng F, Zhang N, Wang C, Wang X, Huang W, Peng C, He G, Han B. Aconitine induces cardiomyocyte damage by mitigating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy and the TNFα-NLRP3 signalling axis. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12701. [PMID: 31657084 PMCID: PMC6985658 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aconitine, the natural product extracted from Aconitum species, is widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatism, arthritis, bruises, fractures and pains. However, many studies have reported cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity caused by aconitine, but the detailed mechanism underlying aconitine's effect on these processes remains unclear. Materials and methods The effects of aconitine on the inflammation, apoptosis and viability of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results Aconitine suppressed cardiomyocyte proliferation and induced inflammation and apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. These inflammatory damages could be reversed by a TNFα inhibitor and BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy. Consistent with the in vitro results, overexpression of BNIP3 in heart tissue partially suppressed the cardiotoxicity of aconitine by inhibiting apoptosis and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions Our findings lay a foundation for the application of a TNFα inhibitor and BNIP3 to aconitine‐induced cardiac toxicity prevention and therapy, thereby demonstrating potential for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhang M, Jiang L, Tao J, Pan Z, He M, Su D, He G, Jiang Q. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-aniline-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as MNK1 inhibitors against renal cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2268-2279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Lu Z, Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiang L, Deng Y. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2697672. [PMID: 31534972 PMCID: PMC6732610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2697672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many countries. The pathological features of DKD are the hypertrophy of mesangial cells, apoptosis of podocytes, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The etiology of DKD is very complicated and many factors are involved, such as genetic factors, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, abnormalities of renal hemodynamics, and metabolism of vasoactive substances. Although some achievements have been made in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DKD, the currently available clinical treatment methods are still not completely effective in preventing the progress of DKD to ESRD. CHM composed of natural products has traditionally been used for symptom relief, which may offer new insights into therapeutic development of DKD. We will summarize the progress of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of DKD from two aspects. In clinical trials, the Chinese herbal formulas were efficacy and safety confirmed by the randomized controlled trials. In terms of experimental research, studies provided evidence for the efficacy of CHM from the perspectives of balancing metabolic disorders, reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress, antifibrosis, protecting renal innate cells, and regulating microRNA and metabolism. CHM consisting of different ingredients may play a role in synergistic interactions and multiple target points in the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wangyi Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang X, Huang QF, Zou WL, Li QZ, Feng X, Jia ZQ, Liu Y, Li JL, Wang QW. Synthetic approach to skeletally diverse nitrogen heterocycles from dicyano-2-methylenebut-3-enoates. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of three types of azaheterocycles, including vinylaziridines, pyrroline and 2-aminopyridines, has been achieved through [2 + 1], formal-[4 + 1] and [5 + 1] annulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Qing-Fei Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wen-Lin Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Qi-Wei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang Q, Zhou X, Lu X, Liu T, Zhan Y, Li P. Chinese Herbal Medicine in Ameliorating Diabetic Kidney Disease via Activating Autophagy. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9030893. [PMID: 31828168 PMCID: PMC6885296 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), has become a serious public health problem worldwide and lacks effective therapies due to its complex pathogenesis. Recent studies suggested defective autophagy involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Chinese herbal medicine, as an emerging option for the treatment of DKD, could improve diabetic kidney injury by activating autophagy. In this review, we briefly summarize underlying mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in DKD, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the sirtuin (Sirt) pathways, and we particularly concentrate on the current status of Chinese herbal medicine treating DKD by regulating autophagy. The advances in our understanding regarding the treatment of DKD via regulating autophagy with Chinese herbal medicine will enhance the clinical application of Chinese medicine as well as discovery of novel therapeutic agents for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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