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Namoju R, Chilaka KN. Protective effect of alpha‑lipoic acid against in utero cytarabine exposure-induced hepatotoxicity in rat female neonates. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03036-4. [PMID: 38459988 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cytarabine, an anti-metabolite drug, remains the mainstay of treatment for hematological malignancies. It causes various toxic effects including teratogenicity. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant reported to offer protection against hepatotoxicity induced by various pathological conditions, drugs, or chemicals. We investigated the protective effect of ALA against prenatal cytarabine exposure-induced hepatotoxicity in rat female neonates. A total of 30 dams were randomly assigned to five groups and received normal saline, ALA 200 mg/kg, cytarabine 12.5 mg/kg, cytarabine 25 mg/kg, and cytarabine 25 mg/kg + ALA 200 mg/kg, respectively, from gestational day (GD)8 to GD21. Cytarabine and ALA were administered via intraperitoneal and oral (gavage) routes, respectively. On postnatal day (PND)1, all the live female neonates (pups) were collected and weighed. The blood and liver from pups were carefully collected and used for histopathological, and biochemical evaluations. A significant and dose-dependent decrease in maternal food intake and weight gain was observed in the pregnant rats (dams) of the cytarabine groups as compared to the dams of the control group. The pups exposed to cytarabine showed a significant and dose-dependent (a) decrease in body weight, liver weight, hepatosomatic index, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, serum albumin levels and (b) increase in malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, AST/ALT ratio, and histopathological anomalies. Maternal co-administration of ALA ameliorated these biochemical changes and histopathological abnormalities by combating oxidative stress. Future studies are warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the ALA's protective effects against prenatal cytarabine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanachary Namoju
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India.
| | - Kavitha N Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
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Kargar HMP, Noshiri H. Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on anxiety-like behavior, memory and prevention of hippocampal oxidative stress in methamphetamine-treated rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:315-326. [PMID: 37882813 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alpha-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for aerobic metabolism and acts as a potent antioxidant in the body. It has been shown that acute exposure to methamphetamine induces oxidative stress, which is responsible for severe cognitive deficits in animals. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the processing of memory and anxiety-like behavior. OBJECTIVES In this study, preventive effect of the alpha-lipoic acid on memory impairment in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. METHODS Wistar male rats (200-220 g) were allocated to five groups (seven rats in each group): (1) saline + saline, (2) saline + vehicle (sunflower oil as alpha-lipoic acid solvent), (3) methamphetamine + vehicle, (4) methamphetamine + alpha-lipoic acid 10 mg/kg, and (5) methamphetamine + alpha-lipoic acid 40 mg/kg. Rats received intraperitoneal methamphetamine repeatedly (2 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h interval). Alpha-lipoic acid was injected 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the last injection of methamphetamine. The passive avoidance test and open field were used for evaluation of memory retrieval and anxiety, respectively. After behavioral test, rats were anesthetized, their brains were extracted, and after preparing hippocampal homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that injection of saline or sunflower oil had no significant effect on anxiety, memory, or oxidative stress markers. Methamphetamine induced memory impairment, increased anxiety-like behavior and MDA level, but it reduced catalase and SOD activity. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid decreased MDA, increased catalase and SOD activity, and also prevented memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Our results showed that alpha-lipoic acid protected the hippocampus from oxidative stress by elevating SOD and CAT activities and reduced memory impairment following acute methamphetamine injection. These findings suggest that alpha-lipoic acid may have a protective effect against the adverse effects of methamphetamine exposure on the hippocampus. Therefore, the current data indicated that ALA can reduce oxidative stress predominantly by its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad Pour Kargar
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Noshiri
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Divković A, Karasalihović Z, Rumora Samarin I, Sabitović D, Radić K, Golub N, Vujić L, Rajković MG, Vitali Čepo D. Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Parameters in Women Diagnosed with Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1670. [PMID: 37759972 PMCID: PMC10525309 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited scientific evidence shows that alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can induce regression rates of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), but the mechanisms of these effects have not been elucidated. To gain a broader insight into its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action, the effects of 3 months of supplementation with 600 mg of ALA on antioxidant and lipid status parameters in 100 patients with LSILs were investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The obtained results are discussed in terms of patients' initial metabolic status and diet quality (particularly nutritional intake of antioxidants). The obtained results showed that oxidative status biomarkers were not significantly affected by ALA supplementation. However, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was positively affected in the subgroup of patients with higher dietary antioxidant intake. Surprisingly, ALA supplementation resulted in a small but statistically significant increase in serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), and the observed effect was significantly affected by the initial lipid status of the participants. Larger studies are necessary to gain additional insights on the clinical significance of ALA as an antioxidant and hypolipemic agent and to optimize its potential application in LSIL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Divković
- University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.D.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zinaida Karasalihović
- University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.D.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ivana Rumora Samarin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Damir Sabitović
- University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.D.); (Z.K.)
| | - Kristina Radić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (N.G.); (L.V.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Nikolina Golub
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (N.G.); (L.V.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Lovorka Vujić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (N.G.); (L.V.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Marija Grdić Rajković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (N.G.); (L.V.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Dubravka Vitali Čepo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (N.G.); (L.V.); (M.G.R.)
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Li M, Fang Q, Xiu L, Yu L, Peng S, Wu X, Chen X, Niu X, Wang G, Kong Y. The molecular mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid on ameliorating aflatoxin B 1-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead (Channa argus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106466. [PMID: 36871483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the protective mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the food-borne aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). 480 fish (9.24±0.01 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed with four experimental diets for 56 d including the control group (CON), AFB1 group (200 ppb AFB1), 600 α-LA group (600 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1), and 900 α-LA group (900 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1). The results revealed that 600 and 900 ppm α-LA attenuated AFB1-induced growth inhibition and immunosuppression in northern snakehead. 600 ppm α-LA significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and AFB1 bioaccumulation, and attenuated the changes of hepatic histopathological and ultrastructure induced by AFB1. Moreover, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated phase I metabolism genes (cytochrome P450-1a, 1b, and 3a) mRNA expression, inhibited the levels of malondialdehyde, 8‑hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and reactive oxygen species in the liver. Notably, 600 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 and its related downstream antioxidant molecules (heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, etc.), increased the phase II detoxification enzyme-related molecules (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione), antioxidant parameters (catalase and superoxide dismutase, etc.), and the expressions of Nrf2 and Ho-1 protein in the presence of AFB1 exposure. Furthermore, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly reduced the characteristic indices of AFB1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol requiring enzyme 1, etc.), apoptosis (caspase-3 and cytochrome c, etc.) and inflammation (nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor α, etc.), while increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 and inhibitor of κBα in the liver after being exposed to AFB1. To summarize, the above results indicate that dietary α-LA could modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate AFB1-induced growth inhibition, liver toxicity, and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead. Although the concentration of α-LA increased to 900 ppm from 600 ppm, the protective effects of the 900 ppm α-LA do not show an advantage over the 600 ppm α-LA, and even show inferiority in some respects. So that the recommended concentration of α-LA is 600 ppm. The present study provides the theoretical foundation for developing α-LA as the prevention and treatment of AFB1-induced liver toxicity in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Qiongya Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Lei Xiu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Linhai Yu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Sibo Peng
- Jilin Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR. China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
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Li Z, Han Y, Ji Y, Sun K, Chen Y, Hu K. The effect of a-Lipoic acid (ALA) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in high glucose-induced human corneal epithelial cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:735-748. [PMID: 36058948 PMCID: PMC9988813 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and inflammation had been proved to play important role in the progression of diabetic keratopathy (DK). The excessive accumulation of AGEs and their bond to AGE receptor (RAGE) in corneas that cause the formation of oxygen radicals and the release of inflammatory cytokines, induce cell apoptosis. Our current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ALA on AGEs accumulation as well as to study the molecular mechanism of ALA against AGE-RAGE axis mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in HG-induced HCECs, so as to provide cytological basis for the treatment of DK. METHODS HCECs were cultured in a variety concentration of glucose medium (5.5, 10, 25, 30, 40, and 50 mM) for 48 h. The cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was investigated with the Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (V-FITC)/PI kit, while, the apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometer and TUNEL cells apoptosis Kit. According to the results of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, 25 mM glucose medium was used in the following HG experiment. The effect of ALA on HG-induced HCECs was evaluated. The HCECs were treated with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose group, NG group), 5.5 mM glucose + 22.5 mM mannitol (osmotic pressure control group, OP group), 25 mM glucose (high glucose group, HG group) and 25 mM glucose + ALA (HG + ALA group) for 24 and 48 h. The accumulation of intracellular AGEs was detected by ELISA kit. The RAGE, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cleaved cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (Cleaved caspase-3), Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 ß), and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were quantified by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and Immunofluorescence, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by fluorescence microscope and fluorescence microplate reader. RESULTS When the glucose medium was higher than 25 mM, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and apoptosis ratio was increased (P < 0.001). In HG environment, ALA treatment alleviated the inhibition of HCECs in a dose-dependent manner, 25 μM ALA was the minimum effective dose. ALA could significantly reduce the intracellular accumulation of AGEs (P < 0.001), activate protein and genes expression of CAT and SOD2 (P < 0.001), and therefore inhibited ROS-induced oxidative stress and cells apoptosis. Besides, ALA could effectively down-regulate the protein and gene level of RAGE, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1B, IL-18 (P < 0.05), and therefore alleviated AGEs-RAGE-TLR4-NLRP3 pathway-induced inflammation in HG-induced HCECs. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that ALA could be a desired treatment for DK due to its potential capacity of reducing accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and down-regulating AGE-RAGE axis-mediated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in high glucose (HG)-induced human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), which may provide cytological basis for therapeutic targets that are ultimately of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis has a high incidence worldwide and is the common pathological basis of many chronic liver diseases. Liver fibrosis is caused by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and concomitant collagen accumulation in livers and can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. A large number of studies have provided evidence that liver fibrosis can be blocked or even reversed by appropriate medical interventions. However, the antifibrosis drugs with ideal clinical efficacy are still insufficient. The edible plant-derived natural compounds have been reported to exert effective antifibrotic effects with few side-effects, representing a kind of promising source for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the current progress of the natural compounds derived from dietary plants in the treatment of liver fibrosis, including phenolic compounds (capsaicin, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, sinapic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and vitamin E), flavonoid compounds (genistein, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and quercetin), sulfur-containing compounds (S-allylcysteine, ergothioneine, lipoic acid and sulforaphane) and other compounds (betaine, caffeine, cucurbitacin B, lycopene, α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, ursolic acid, vitamin C and yangonin). The pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of these compounds in in-vivo and in-vitro models of liver fibrosis are focused.
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Naderi N, Nejad ZD, Tavalaee M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on sperm functions in rodent models for male infertility: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 323:121383. [PMID: 36640903 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we assessed different studies to evaluate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), as a multifaceted antioxidant, on sperm functions in rodent models. Four databases were searched to find papers reporting the effect of ALA treatment on animal models of male infertility. Up to December 2022, 11,787 articles were identified to explain the ALA protective effects. The included studies were evaluated for eligibility and risk of bias (CRD42022341370). Finally, we identified 23 studies that explain the effect of ALA on sperm functions in rodents. Among them, 15 studies indicated that ALA could restore sperm parameters. Six studies showed a significant reduction in sperm DNA damage by ALA treatment. Seventeen papers displayed the ALA antioxidant ability, and four studies indicated the ALA anti-inflammatory effect. Besides, thirteen studies displayed that ALA could modulate androgenesis. Also, eighteen studies revealed that ALA restored the testicular architecture to normal, and was also effective in restoring reproductive performance in two included studies. This systematic review provided cogent evidence for the protective effect of ALA in rodent models for male infertility by re-establishing spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and maintaining redox and immune systems homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Darmishon Nejad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
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Olson KR, Derry PJ, Kent TA, Straub KD. The Effects of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism and Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:68-94. [PMID: 35819295 PMCID: PMC9885552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nutraceuticals are ingested for health benefits, in addition to their general nutritional value. These dietary supplements have become increasingly popular since the late 20th century and they are a rapidly expanding global industry approaching a half-trillion U.S. dollars annually. Many nutraceuticals are promulgated as potent antioxidants. Recent Advances: Experimental support for the efficacy of nutraceuticals has lagged behind anecdotal exuberance. However, accumulating epidemiological evidence and recent, well-controlled clinical trials are beginning to support earlier animal and in vitro studies. Although still somewhat limited, encouraging results have been suggested in essentially all organ systems and against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Critical Issues: Health benefits of "antioxidant" nutraceuticals are largely attributed to their ability to scavenge oxidants. This has been criticized based on several factors, including limited bioavailability, short tissue retention time, and the preponderance of endogenous antioxidants. Recent attention has turned to nutraceutical activation of downstream antioxidant systems, especially the Keap1/Nrf2 (Kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis. The question now becomes, how do nutraceuticals activate this axis? Future Directions: Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its metabolites, are potent activators of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis and avid scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that a variety of nutraceuticals increase cellular RSS by directly providing RSS in the diet, or through a number of catalytic mechanisms that increase endogenous RSS production. We propose that nutraceutical-specific targeting of RSS metabolism will lead to the design and development of even more efficacious antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 68-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karl D. Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Wu D, Li J, Fan Z, Wang L, Zheng X. Resveratrol ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) fed with high-fat diet. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965954. [PMID: 36405693 PMCID: PMC9669426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet is regarded as crucial inducers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. In order to investigate the ameliorative potential of resveratrol against the progression of liver injury towards steatohepatitis, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were distributed into six experimental groups and were fed with a normal-fat diet, a high-fat diet, and supplemented with resveratrol (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks. The high-fat diet decreased the antioxidant capacities, as well as causing the inflammatory response and lipid deposition of common carp. Resveratrol induced a marked elevation in the final body weight, weight gain rate, condition factor and significant decrease in the feed conversion ratio. Moreover, dietary resveratrol showed a significant decrease in the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels, which was accompanied by an increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration in serum. A significant elevation in total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and a decreased malondialdehyde content were observed, along with a substantial elevation in antioxidant activities were found. Additionally, fish fed with resveratrol had an up-regulation of hepatic catalase, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 1a, and glutathione peroxidase 1b gene expression via Nrf2 signaling pathway. Expectedly, our results also demonstrated that resveratrol regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in fish by inhibiting the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1), fatty acid uptake-related genes of lipoprotein lipase, and β-oxidation-related genes via PPAR-γ signaling pathway. Furthermore, dietary resveratrol reduced inflammation, as evident by down-regulating the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression levels and upregulating the interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β2 expression levels via NF-κB signaling pathway. As a whole, our results demonstrated that resveratrol defensed the impacts against high-fat diet on the serum biochemical, hepatic antioxidants, inflammation, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianhu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Morsy MA, Abdel-Latif R, Hafez SMNA, Kandeel M, Abdel-Gaber SA. Paeonol Protects against Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity by Repressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis-The Role of Drug Efflux Transporters. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101296. [PMID: 36297408 PMCID: PMC9611069 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against a wide range of tumors and autoimmune diseases; however, hepatotoxicity limits its clinical use. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound reported for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of paeonol against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and various mechanisms that underlie this postulated effect. Paeonol was administered orally in a dose of 100 mg/kg, alone or along with MTX, for 10 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced via a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on day 5 of the experiment. Concomitant administration of paeonol with MTX significantly ameliorated distorted hepatic function and histological structure, restored hepatic oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NO, and SOD), and combated inflammatory response (iNOS and TNF-α). Additionally, paeonol enhanced cell proliferation and survival, evidenced by upregulating the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and suppressing apoptosis and the disposition of collagen fibers in rat livers treated with MTX. Importantly, paeonol upregulated the drug efflux transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp-2) in MTX-treated rats. In conclusion, paeonol offered a potent protective effect against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis pathways, along with P-gp and Mrp-2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5496-72245
| | - Rania Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Seham A. Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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11
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Dugbartey GJ, Alornyo KK, Adams I, Atule S, Obeng-Kyeremeh R, Amoah D, Adjei S. Targeting hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide signaling pathway with α-lipoic acid to prevent diabetes-induced liver injury via upregulating hepatic CSE/3-MST expression. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:148. [PMID: 36229864 PMCID: PMC9558364 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes-induced liver injury is a complication of diabetes mellitus of which there are no approved drugs for effective treatment or prevention. This study investigates possible hepatoprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), and sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide pathway as a novel protective mechanism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury. METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent fasting for 12 h after which fasting blood glucose was measured and rats were randomly assigned to diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in diabetic group by administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated daily with ALA (60 mg/kg/day p.o.) or 40 mg/kg/day DL-propargylglycine (PPG, an inhibitor of endogenous hydrogen sulfide production) for 6 weeks and then sacrificed. Liver, pancreas and blood samples were collected for analysis. Untreated T2DM rats received distilled water. RESULTS Hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hepatomegaly and reduced hepatic glycogen content were observed in untreated T2DM rats compared to healthy control group (p < 0.001). Also, the pancreas of untreated T2DM rats showed severely damaged pancreatic islets while liver damage was characterized by markedly increased hepatocellular vacuolation, sinusoidal enlargement, abnormal intrahepatic lipid accumulation, severe transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and impaired hepatic antioxidant status and inflammation compared to healthy control rats (p < 0.01). While pharmacological inhibition of hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide with PPG administration aggravated these pathological changes (p < 0.05), ALA strongly prevented these changes. ALA also significantly increased hepatic expression of hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes (cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) as well as hepatic sulfane sulfur and hydrogen sulfide levels compared to all groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence showing that ALA prevents diabetes-induced liver injury by activating hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide pathway via upregulation of hepatic cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase expressions. Therefore, ALA could serve as a novel pharmacological agent for the treatment and prevention of diabetes-induced liver injury, with hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Atule
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Obeng-Kyeremeh
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Amoah
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Lv SY, He S, Ling XL, Wang YQ, Huang C, Long JR, Wang JQ, Qin Y, Wei H, Yu CY. Review of lipoic acid: From a clinical therapeutic agent to various emerging biomaterials. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122201. [PMID: 36115465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous small molecule in organisms, has been extensively used for the highly efficient clinical treatment of malignant diseases, which include diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer over the past seven decades. Tremendous progresses have been made on the use of LA in nanomedicine for the development of various biomaterials because of its unique biological properties and highly adaptable structure since the first discovery. However, there are few reviews thus far, to our knowledge, summarizing this hot subject of research of LA and its derived biomaterials. For this purpose, we present herein the first comprehensive summary on the design and development of LA and its derived materials for biomedical applications. This review first discusses the therapeutic use of LA followed by the description of synthesis and preclinical study of LA-derived-small molecules. The applications of various LA and poly (lipoic acid) (PLA)-derived-biomaterials are next summarized in detail with an emphasis on the use of LA for the design of biomaterials and the diverse properties. This review describes the development of LA from a clinical therapeutic agent to a building unit of various biomaterials field, which will promote the further discovery of new therapeutic uses of LA as therapeutic agents and facile development of LA-based derivates with greater performance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Lv
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Suisui He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ling
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue-Qin Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jin-Rong Long
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Carota G, Distefano A, Spampinato M, Giallongo C, Broggi G, Longhitano L, Palumbo GA, Parenti R, Caltabiano R, Giallongo S, Di Rosa M, Polosa R, Bramanti V, Vicario N, Li Volti G, Tibullo D. Neuroprotective Role of α-Lipoic Acid in Iron-Overload-Mediated Toxicity and Inflammation in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1596. [PMID: 36009316 PMCID: PMC9405239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin and iron overload is considered the major contributor to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury. Accumulation of iron in the brain leads to microglia activation, inflammation and cell loss. Current available treatments for iron overload-mediated disorders are characterized by severe adverse effects, making such conditions an unmet clinical need. We assessed the potential of α-lipoic acid (ALA) as an iron chelator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in both in vitro and in vivo models of iron overload. ALA was found to revert iron-overload-induced toxicity in HMC3 microglia cell line, preventing cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation and reducing glutathione depletion. Furthermore, ALA regulated gene expression of iron-related markers and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF. Iron toxicity also affects mitochondria fitness and biogenesis, impairments which were prevented by ALA pre-treatment in vitro. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that, although iron treatment caused inflammatory activation of microglia, ALA treatment resulted in increased ARG1 expression, suggesting it promoted an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We also assessed the effects of ALA in an in vivo zebrafish model of iron overload, showing that ALA treatment was able to reduce iron accumulation in the brain and reduced iron-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Our data support ALA as a novel approach for iron-overload-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A. Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Division of Clinical Pathology, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital-A.S.P. Ragusa, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Alshammari GM, Abdelhalim MA, Al-Ayed MS, Al-Harbi LN, Yahya MA. The Protective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid against Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)-Mediated Liver Damage Is Associated with Upregulating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163327. [PMID: 36014833 PMCID: PMC9414933 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined if regulating the keap-1? Nrf2 antioxidant pathway mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) induced liver damage, and examined the protective effect of co-supplement of α-lipoic acid (α-LA). Rats were separated into 4 groups (n = 8/each) as control, α-LA (200 mg/kg), AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011), and AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011) + α-LA (200 mg/kg). After 7 days, AuNPs induced severe degeneration in the livers of rats with the appearance of some fatty changes. In addition, it increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (ɣ-GTT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Concomitantly, AuNPs significantly depleted hepatic levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) but increased hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also reduced mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but significantly increased those of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. In addition, AuNPs enhanced the total and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 but reduced the mRNA and total and nuclear protein levels of Nrf2. Of note, AuNPs did not affect the mRNA levels of keap-1. All these events were reversed by α-LA in the AuNPs-treated rats. In conclusion, α-LA attenuated AuNPs-mediated liver damage in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, effects that are associated with upregulation/activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Anwar Abdelhalim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Ayed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lee Y, Lim JW, Kim H. α‑lipoic acid inhibits cerulein/resistin‑induced expression of interleukin‑6 by activating peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ in pancreatic acinar cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:264. [PMID: 35730599 PMCID: PMC9260878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerulein‑induced pancreatitis resembles human acute pancreatitis in terms of pathological events, such as enzymatic activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the pancreas. Cerulein is a cholecystokinin analog that increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) expression level in pancreatic acinar cells. Serum levels of resistin, which is secreted from adipocytes, are reportedly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis than in healthy individuals. Previously, it was shown that the adipokine resistin can aggravate the cerulein‑induced increase in ROS levels and IL‑6 expression level in pancreatic acinar cells. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑gamma (PPAR‑γ) is a key regulator of the transcription and expression of antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO‑1) and catalase. α‑lipoic acid, a naturally occurring dithiol antioxidant, can prevent cerulein‑induced pancreatic damage in rats. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate whether α‑lipoic acid can attenuate the cerulein/resistin‑induced increase in IL‑6 expression and ROS levels via PPAR‑γ activation in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. The anti‑inflammatory mechanism of α‑lipoic acid was determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining and fluorometry. Treatment with cerulein and resistin increased ROS levels and IL‑6 expression level, which were inhibited by α‑lipoic acid in pancreatic acinar cells. α‑lipoic acid increased the nuclear translocation and expression level of PPAR‑γ and the expression levels of its target genes: HO‑1 and catalase. The PPAR‑γ antagonist GW9662 and HO‑1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin reversed the inhibitory effect of α‑lipoic acid on cerulein/resistin‑induced increase in ROS and IL‑6 levels. In conclusion, α‑lipoic acid inhibits the cerulein/resistin‑induced increase in ROS production and IL‑6 expression levels by activating PPAR‑γ and inducing the expression of HO‑1 and catalase in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Debeissat C, Avalon M, Huart M, Duchez P, Rodriguez L, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Ivanovic Z, Brunet de la Grange P. Alpha Lipoic-Acid Potentiates Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Steady-State Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Primitive Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030431. [PMID: 35327623 PMCID: PMC8946095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady state peripheral blood (SSPB) contains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) presenting characteristics of real hematopoietic stem cells, and thus represents an interesting alternative cell supply for hematopoietic cell transplantation. Development of ex vivo expansion strategies could overcome the low HSPC numbers usually rescued from SSPB. We investigated the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on ex vivo culture of SSPB CD34 positive (CD34pos) cells on primitive cell expansion, cell cycle, and oxidative metabolism as estimated by determining the ROS and GSH content. ALA increased the ex vivo expansion of total CD34pos cells and of phenotypically defined CD34pos HSPCs subpopulations that retained in vivo repopulating capacity, concomitantly to a decreased expansion of differentiating cells. ALA did not modify cell cycle progression nor the proliferation of ex vivo expanded CD34pos cells, and coherently did not affect the ROS level. On the contrary, ALA decreased the proliferation and disturbed cell cycle progression of cells reaching a differentiated status, a phenomenon that seems to be associated with a drop in ROS level. Nonetheless, ALA affected the redox status of hematopoietic primitive cells, as it reproducibly increased GSH content. In conclusion, ALA represents an interesting molecule for the improvement of ex vivo expansion strategies and further clinical application in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Debeissat
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maryse Avalon
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Huart
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Brunet de la Grange
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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Alfwuaires MA. Galangin mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of methotrexate hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20279-20288. [PMID: 34729716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent for treating various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the long-term use of MTX can result in hepatotoxicity and this limits its use. Galangin (Gal) is a potent flavonoid with various biological activities; however, its protective effect against MTX hepatotoxicity has not been previously investigated. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective of Gal against MTX-induced liver injury. Rats received Gal for 10 days and a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) at day 7. The administration of MTX induced liver damage reflected by increased serum biomarkers of liver function and histopathological manifestations. MTX increased hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and diminished GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Gal relieved liver injury, ameliorated liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers, and increased antioxidants in MTX-treated rats. In addition, Gal decreased the expression of inflammation and apoptosis markers in MTX-treated rats. In conclusion, Gal possesses a hepatoprotective effect mediated by attenuating oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Hasan RA, Algareeb A. Hepatoprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid, Vitamin C alone, or in combination on methotrexate-induced liver injury. MUSTANSIRIYA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 21:41. [DOI: 10.4103/mj.mj_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Shalkami AGS, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Mohamed WR, Khalaf MM, Hemeida RAM. Hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals berberine and umbelliferone against methotrexate-induced hepatic intoxication: experimental studies and in silico evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67593-67607. [PMID: 34258700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used effectively to manage wide types of malignancies, but their therapeutic use is limited due to their associated hepatic intoxication. The current study sheds light on the effect of phytochemicals berberine (BBR) and umbelliferone (UMB) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatic intoxication. Forty-eight rats were allocated to normal, BBR (50 mg/kg orally for 10 days), UMB (30 mg/kg orally for 10 days), MTX (20 mg/kg at the 5th day), BBR+MTX, and UMB+MTX. With regard to MTX, the results of this investigation reveal potent amelioration of MTX hepatotoxicity by BBR and UMB through reduction of the elevated serum levels of ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH confirmed by the attenuation of histopathological abrasion in liver tissues. BBR and UMB markedly restored antioxidant status. More importantly, BBR resulted in reducing P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) genes and enhanced mRNA expression of Nrf-2 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in silico studies via molecular docking pinpointed the binding modes of BBR and UMB to the binding pocket residues of P38MAPK, NF-κB, and Keap-1 and demonstrated a promising inhibition of Keap-1, P38MAPK, and NF-κB. BBR and UMB reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and apoptotic protein caspase-3 as well as increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Therefore, BBR and UMB may denote promising therapeutic agents that can avert hepatic intoxication in patients receiving MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Menia, 61768, Egypt
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Alhowail A, Abdeen A, Ibrahim SF, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Decrypting the potential role of α-lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 284:119899. [PMID: 34450170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases with motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and behavioral impairment. It is characterized by the extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the intracellular accumulation of tau protein. AD patients show a cognitive decline, which has been associated with oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a natural antioxidant present in food and used as a dietary supplement, has been considered a promising agent for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite multiple preclinical studies indicating beneficial effects of α-LA in memory functioning, and pointing to its neuroprotective effects, to date only a few studies have examined its effects in humans. Studies performed in animal models of memory loss associated with aging and AD have shown that α-LA improves memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms underlying α-LA effects have also been investigated. Accordingly, α-LA shows antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, glioprotective, metal chelating properties in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, it has been shown that α-LA reverses age-associated loss of neurotransmitters and their receptors. The review article aimed at summarizing and discussing the main studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of α-LA on cognition as well as its molecular effects, to improve the understanding of the therapeutic potential of α-LA in patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, supporting the development of clinical trials with α-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza e Investigacion en Bacteriologia Alimentaria, Universidad Nacinol Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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21
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Delen O, Uz YH. Protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate against methotrexate-induced testicular damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S164-S177. [PMID: 34340576 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211035674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage in rats. Forty Wistar albino male rats were divided into equally four groups: Control group (saline solution, IP), PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC,IP, 10 days), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day) and MTX + PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC, IP, 10 days and 20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day). After 10 days, testicular tissues were excised for morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prokineticin 2 (PK2) levels were determined. Body and testicular weights were measured. Testicular damage was assessed by histological evaluation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PK2 immunoreactivities were evaluated by HSCORE. Body and testicular weights, serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness were significantly decreased in the MTX group. However, serum PK2 level, histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial field width were significantly increased. Additionally, there was an increase in NFkB and PK2 immunoreactivity, whereas there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 immunoreactivity. PDTC significantly improved hormonal, morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Taken together, we conclude that PDTC may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage via NFkB, Nrf2 and PK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Delen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yesim H Uz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 64058Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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22
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Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Bin Jardan YA, Shahid M, Ansari MA, Alqahtani S, Jan BL, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M. Sinapic acid mitigates methotrexate-induced hepatic injuries in rats through modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1261-1268. [PMID: 33720507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research has been investigated to study the protective outcomes of sinapic acid (SA) against methotrexate (MTX) encouraged liver damage in rats by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. The animals were arbitrarily allocated into four groups: group I rats administered a 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) vehicle orally for 15 consecutive days with a single intravenous standard saline injection (0.9% NaCl) on day seven. Groups II, III, and IV were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg MTX/kg on 7th day. Animals in group III and IV were treated orally for 14 days with 20 mg of SA/kg dissolved daily in 0.5% CMC respectively. In all experimental groups, liver function, biochemical, histopathological and molecular changes were evaluated. MTX-induced changes in liver function indices like ALT, AST, and ALP are substantially restored with SA pretreatment. Moreover, antioxidant defense mechanisms (GSH, SOD, and CAT) and oxidative/nitrostative stress (MDA and NO) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-β and MPO) were also substantially restored. Furthermore, the conclusions indicate that SA prevents the hepatic damage caused by MTX through apoptosis inhibition and stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1-medial antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB inhibition. Histological findings have shown that SA therapy has greatly protected liver damage caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit L Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gumral N, Aslankoc R, Senol N, Cankara FN. Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Liver Damage Induced by Cigarette Smoke: An in vivo Study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 9:145-151. [PMID: 34084105 PMCID: PMC8152379 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_387_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Long-term cigarette smoking damages the liver tissue. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is used as a therapeutic agent in a number of conditions and is known to have ameliorative effects against oxidative stress in the liver. Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effects of ALA on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced oxidative liver damage by examining histopathological, immunohistopathological changes and biochemical parameters in an animal model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group (n = 8), rats were exposed to fresh air twice a day and given 0.1 ml of saline by gavage once a day for 8 weeks. In the smoking group (n = 10), rats were exposed to CS for 1 h in the morning and afternoon and given 0.1 ml of saline by gavage once a day for 8 weeks. In the smoking + ALA group (n = 10), CS exposure was same as the smoking group in addition to 100 mg/kg of ALA per day for 8 weeks through gavage. Oxidative damage in the liver tissue was determined by evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels were measured in the blood. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Results: MDA (P = 0.011), AST (P = 0.018) and total bilirubin levels (P < 0.001) were increased, while CAT activity (P = 0.009) and the efficiency of SOD (P = 0.010) were decreased in the smoking group compared with the control group. CAT activity was increased (P = 0.017) and AST (P = 0.018) and total bilirubin levels (P < 0.001) were decreased in ALA-treated group compared with the smoking group. We observed vascular dilatation and hemorrhagic areas in the smoking group. TNF-α expression was increased in the smoking group compared with the control group. However, TNF-α expression was high in some preparations in the ALA-treated group. Conclusions: ALA can enhance antioxidant activity, but studies with different doses of ALA are required to determine the extent of its hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Gumral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rahime Aslankoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nurgul Senol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nihan Cankara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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24
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Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Inactivation in NASH-Fibrosis-Roles as Putative Treatment Targets? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040365. [PMID: 33807461 PMCID: PMC8066583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the primary predictor of mortality in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this process, the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the principal cells responsible for the deposition of a fibrous extracellular matrix, thereby driving the hepatic scarring. HSC activation, migration, and proliferation are controlled by a complex signaling network involving growth factors, lipotoxicity, inflammation, and cellular stress. Conversely, the clearance of activated HSCs is a prerequisite for the resolution of the extracellular fibrosis. Hence, pathways regulating the fate of the HSCs may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis. However, the development of anti-fibrotic drugs for NASH patients has not yet resulted in clinically approved therapeutics, underscoring the complex biology and challenges involved when targeting the intricate cellular signaling mechanisms. This narrative review investigated the mechanisms of activation and inactivation of HSCs with a focus on NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis. Presenting an updated overview, this review highlights key cellular pathways with potential value for the development of future treatment modalities.
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25
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McCarty MF, Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján L, O’Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and Beyond. Nutrients 2020; 13:E47. [PMID: 33375692 PMCID: PMC7823562 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that form in response to a variety of stress signals and that serve to catalyze the proteolytic conversion of pro-interleukin-1β and pro-interleukin-18 to active interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, central mediators of the inflammatory response; inflammasomes can also promote a type of cell death known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has received the most study and plays an important pathogenic role in a vast range of pathologies associated with inflammation-including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, the complications of diabetes, neurological and autoimmune disorders, dry macular degeneration, gout, and the cytokine storm phase of COVID-19. A consideration of the molecular biology underlying inflammasome priming and activation enables the prediction that a range of nutraceuticals may have clinical potential for suppressing inflammasome activity-antioxidants including phycocyanobilin, phase 2 inducers, melatonin, and N-acetylcysteine, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, zinc, and various nutraceuticals that support generation of hydrogen sulfide. Complex nutraceuticals or functional foods featuring a number of these agents may find utility in the prevention and control of a wide range of medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Lidianys Lewis Luján
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
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26
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Gowifel AMH, Khalil MG, Nada SA, Kenawy SA, Ahmed KA, Salama MM, Safar MM. Combination of pomegranate extract and curcumin ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats: impact on TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:620-633. [PMID: 32718261 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1801926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protection against liver injury and its consequences is considered an essential issue to minimize the number of annual deaths caused by liver diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential role of pomegranate extract (PE) and/or curcumin in the regression of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis, focusing on their modulatory effects on Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (100 mg/kg) three times a week, for 8 weeks. To assess the protective effects of PE and/or curcumin against TAA-induced liver fibrosis, rats were treated on a daily basis with oral doses of PE (200 mg/kg) and/or curcumin (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that PE and/or curcumin attenuated TAA-induced liver fibrogenesis, as evidenced by a significant improvement in the liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, and albumin), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, and GSH), and inflammatory biomarkers (NF-ĸB, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, TGF-β, and MPO), compared to TAA group. Moreover, treatment with PE and/or curcumin exerted a significant upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 gene expressions along with significant downregulation of NF-ĸB, TGF-β, and phospho-Smad3 protein expressions, as well as α-SMA and collagen-1 gene expressions. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings. In conclusion, hepatoprotective activities of PE and/or curcumin could be linked to their abilities to modulate Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways. It is worth noting that the combination of PE and curcumin exerted superior hepatoprotective effects against TAA-induced liver fibrosis, as compared to monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah M H Gowifel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia A Nada
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Kenawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Ajith TA. Alpha-lipoic acid: A possible pharmacological agent for treating dry eye disease and retinopathy in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1883-1890. [PMID: 32621549 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring dithiol micronutrient which acts as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme activity. Due to its potential antioxidant activity, it is considered as "universal antioxidant". Previous studies reported the pharmacological benefits of ALA such as glycaemic control, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviation of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Dry eye disease and retinopathy are prevalent in diabetic patients. Experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of ALA in dry eye and diabetic retinopathy. ALA can prevent the dry eye by down regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the corneal epithelial cells and activating the antioxidant status of the ocular surface. Furthermore, its direct antioxidant effect can also prevent oxidative stress-induced corneal surface erosion and lachrymal gland damage. ALA prevents diabetic retinopathy through inhibition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and nuclear factor-kappa B activity and alleviation of oxidative stress. It can activate the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase in retinal ganglion cells. Clinical trials conducted in pre-retinopathic diabetic patients showed ALA with genistein and vitamins could protect the retinal cells and decline the inflammatory effect in diabetic patients. However, studies are scant to explore its beneficial effects in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, this review article discusses an update on the role of ALA in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy, two ocular diseases prevalent in diabetic patients.
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28
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Gu L, Li S, Bai J, Zhang Q, Han Z. α-Lipoic acid protects against microcystin-LR induced hepatotoxicity through regeneration of glutathione via activation of Nrf2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:738-746. [PMID: 32061150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), as the most dominant bloom-forming strains in eutrophic surface water, can induce hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the potential molecular mechanism of α-LA regeneration of GSH remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether α-LA could reduce the toxicity of MCs induced in human hepatoma (HepG2), Bel7420 cells, and BALB/c mice by activating Nrf2 to regenerate GSH. Results showed that exposure to 10 μM microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) reduced viability of HepG2 and Bel7402 cells and promoted the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with untreated cells. Moreover, the protection of α-LA included reducing the level of ROS, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, and decreasing malondialdehyde. Levels of reduced glutathione (rGSH) and rGSH/oxidized glutathione were significantly increased in cells cotreated with α-LA and MC-LR compared to those treated with MC-LR alone, indicating an ability of α-LA to attenuate oxidative stress and MC-LR-induced cytotoxicity by increasing the amount of rGSH. α-LA can mediate GSH regeneration through the Nrf2 pathway under the action of glutathione reductase in MC-LR cell lines. Furthermore, the data also showed that α-LA-induced cytoprotection against MC-LR is associated with Nrf2 mediate pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrated the potential of α-LA to resist MC-LR-induced oxidative damage of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gu
- Department of labor hygiene and environmental hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangchun Li
- Department of labor hygiene and environmental hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of labor hygiene and environmental hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- Department of labor hygiene and environmental hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixia Han
- Department of labor hygiene and environmental hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Luo J, Shen S. Lipoic acid alleviates schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis by upregulating Drp1 phosphorylation. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105449. [PMID: 32194067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to possess protective effects against liver fibrosis mainly by induction of apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells, but the mechanism of LA activity in liver fibrosis has yet to be completely explained. LA occurs naturally in mitochondria as a coenzyme. In this study, we used mice with schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis and mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line 1C1C7 as models to investigate the mitochondrial mechanism of LA treatment for liver fibrosis. Western blot, real-time PCR and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) test were used. In the livers of mice with liver fibrosis, the mRNA levels of LA synthetic pathway enzymes, including MCAT, OXSM, MECR, and LIAS, were significantly reduced. Livers of mice with liver fibrosis showed degenerative signs, such as mitochondrial edema, a reduced mitochondrial crest and matrix density, or vacuolation; the activities of mitochondrial complexes I, II, IV, and V were also decreased in these livers. The expression of phosphorylation Drp1 (p-Drp1) was decreased in the livers of mice with liver fibrosis, indicating increased mitochondrial fission activity, whereas OPA1 and MFN1 expression was reduced, denoting decreased activity of mitochondrial fusion. To understand the mitochondrial mechanism of LA treatment for liver fibrosis, p-Drp1, OPA1, and MFN1 expression were detected at the protein level in mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line 1C1C7 stimulated by LA. OPA1 and MFN1 were not significantly altered, but p-Drp1 was significantly increased. The results suggest that LA may alleviate liver fibrosis through upregulating p-Drp1. This study provides a new insight into the mechanism of the protective effect of LA against schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis, which demonstrates that LA is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial function by upregulating p-Drp1 expression to inhibit mitochondrial fission.
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El-Emam SZ, Soubh AA, Al-Mokaddem AK, Abo El-Ella DM. Geraniol activates Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway mediating protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1849-1858. [PMID: 32417955 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol (GOH) is a natural essential oil that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties by various signaling pathways. Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious event that triggers liver dysfunction or even failure. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor, maintains cellular defense mechanism through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To detect GOH effect against liver IRI through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, five groups of rats were randomized to normal, sham, IR, GOH, and GOH/IR. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected to measure various biochemical parameters related to liver function, and oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and apoptotic indicators besides liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. GOH induces activation of Nrf2 along with the upregulation of HO-1 expression. Also, the antioxidant activity of GOH was shown by the elevation of total antioxidant capacity and GSH levels, together with normalizing malondialdehyde. Regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of GOH, it suppresses the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2. Additionally, the antiapoptotic effect of GOH, Bax, and caspase-3, 9 were reduced in liver tissue. GOH is a promising hepatoprotective agent in liver IRI through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Z El-Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ACU University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo El-Ella
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
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Kabel AM, Salama SA, Alghorabi AA, Estfanous RS. Amelioration of cyclosporine‐induced testicular toxicity by carvedilol and/or alpha‐lipoic acid: Role of TGF‐β1, the proinflammatory cytokines, Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and apoptosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1169-1181. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Samir A. Salama
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Remon S. Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt
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El-Maadawy WH, Hammam OA, Seif el-Din SH, El-Lakkany NM. α-Lipoic acid modulates liver fibrosis: A cross talk between TGF-β1, autophagy, and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:440-450. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119891212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are important players in the progression of hepatic fibrosis via activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Despite the recently depicted antifibrotic effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), however, its modulatory effects on HSCs autophagy remain unverified. Our study aimed to elucidate the underlying antifibrotic mechanisms through which ALA mediates HSC autophagy and apoptosis. Liver fibrosis was induced via thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication in rats; TAA-intoxicated rats were treated with either silymarin or ALA. Effect of ALA on biochemical parameters and immunohistopathological examinations was measured and compared to silymarin. ALA restored normal hepatic architecture (S1 vs. S4), liver functions, hepatic glutathione, and transforming growth factor-β1 levels. ALA ameliorated hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, platelet-derived growth factor, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-1, hydroxyproline, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Moreover, ALA significantly reduced messenger RNA expression of LC3-II genes and triggered caspase-3 expression. Interestingly, ALA exhibited superior activities over silymarin regarding suppression of proliferation, activation and autophagy of HSCs, collagen deposition, and induction of HSCs apoptosis. In conclusion, treatment of TAA-intoxicated rats with ALA inhibited autophagy and induced apoptotic clearance of activated HSCs. Accordingly, this study provides mechanistic insights into the possible applicability of ALA in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WH El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - OA Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - SH Seif el-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - NM El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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N-acetylcysteine and alpha-lipoic acid improve antioxidant defenses and decrease oxidative stress, inflammation and serum lipid levels in ovariectomized rats via estrogen-independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cao Y, Shi H, Sun Z, Wu J, Xia Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li X, Chen W, Wang A, Lu Y. Protective Effects of Magnesium Glycyrrhizinate on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Intestinal Toxicity May Be by Reducing COX-2. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:119. [PMID: 30971913 PMCID: PMC6444054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), which has been widely employed to treat chronic hepatitis, is synthesized from 18-β glycyrrhizic acid, a main component of traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Although the protective effects of MgIG on methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver toxicity have been well-documented, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. MTX was initially used to treat pediatric acute leukemia, and has been widely applied to psoriasis therapy. However, its clinical applications are limited due to hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity. Herein, prophylactic administration of MgIG (9 and 18 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of rats receiving intravenous injection of MTX (20 mg/kg body weight). MgIG also attenuated MTX-induced hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, it better protected against MTX-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased the serum level of malondialdehyde than reduced glutathione (80 mg/kg/day) did. Interestingly, MTX-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, intestinal permeability and inflammation were attenuated after MgIG administration. In addition, MgIG (9 and 18 mg/kg) reduced MTX-induced colocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in intestinal villi. In conclusion, MgIG exerted beneficial effects on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal damage, as a potentially eligible drug for alleviating the hepatic and intestinal side effects of MTX during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Department of The First College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Allard J, Le Guillou D, Begriche K, Fromenty B. Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 85:75-107. [PMID: 31307592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), a benign condition characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. However, NAFL can progress in some patients to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and then to severe liver lesions including extensive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum of these hepatic lesions is referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The transition of simple fatty liver to NASH seems to be favored by several genetic and environmental factors. Different experimental and clinical investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs may cause more severe and/or more frequent acute liver injury in obese individuals whereas others may trigger the transition of simple fatty liver to NASH or may worsen hepatic lipid accumulation, necroinflammation and fibrosis. This review presents the available information regarding drugs that may cause a specific risk in the context of obesity and NAFLD. These drugs, which belong to different pharmacological classes, include acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which may explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases, there is an urgent need to identify the main pharmaceuticals that may cause acute liver injury on a fatty liver background or that may enhance the risk of severe chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.
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36
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Jia R, Li Y, Cao L, Du J, Zheng T, Qian H, Gu Z, Jeney G, Xu P, Yin G. Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:56-66. [PMID: 30336289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol, has been shown to exert antioxidation, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation and immunostimulation. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of resveratrol on liver injury in fish are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effects and mechanism of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia. Fish were fed diet containing four doses of resveratrol (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then given an intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 or saline. The results showed that administration of resveratrol significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced liver injury. In serum and liver, resveratrol treatment suppressed the oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decline of lipid peroxidation level and increase of antioxidant activity. Resveratrol also activated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and enhanced the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA levels. Meanwhile, resveratrol treatment repressed TLR2-Myd88-NF-κB signaling pathway to decrease the inflammatory response in H2O2-induced liver injury as evidenced by the lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-8 mRNA levels and higher IL-10 mRNA level. Moreover, resveratrol treatment attenuated immunotoxicity in liver of H2O2-treated fish, accompanied by upregulation of hepcidin (HEP), complement 3 (C3) and lysozyme (LZM) mRNA levels. Overall results suggested that the protection of resveratrol on H2O2-induced liver injury, inflammation and immunotoxicity was due to its antioxidant property and its ability to modulate the Nrf2 and TLR2-Myd88-NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Galina Jeney
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Anna Light 8, Szarvas 5440, Hungary
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Liu G, Liu J, Pian L, Gui S, Lu B. α‑lipoic acid protects against carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver cirrhosis through the suppression of the TGF‑β/Smad3 pathway and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:841-850. [PMID: 30535447 PMCID: PMC6323260 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant with protective effects against various hepatic injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms by which ALA protects the liver from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis. The widely used liver cirrhosis rat model was established via an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg 50% CCl4, three times/week for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, 50 or 100 mg/kg ALA was orally administrated to the rats every day for 8 weeks. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was detected in the serum. The pathological liver injuries were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The principal factors involved in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 (Smad3) and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and in autophagy were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the administration of ALA alleviated CCl4-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by decreased ALT and AST activity, improved pathological injuries and reduced collagen deposition. The CCl4-induced increase in TGF-β and phosphorylated-Smad3 expression levels was additionally inhibited by treatment with ALA. Furthermore, the administration of ALA reversed the CCl4-induced upregulation of light chain 3II and Beclin-1, and downregulation of p62. The CCl4-induced suppression of the AKT/mTOR pathway was additionally restored following treatment with ALA. In combination, the results of the present study demonstrated that ALA was able to protect CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis, an effect that may be associated with inactivation of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and suppression of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Liu
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Jiangkai Liu
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Linping Pian
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Songlin Gui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhengzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Baoping Lu
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
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Sena CM, Cipriano MA, Botelho MF, Seiça RM. Lipoic Acid Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Goto Kakizaki Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092706. [PMID: 30208622 PMCID: PMC6164246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of hepatic fat accumulation may be an important approach for liver diseases due to the increased relevance of hepatic steatosis in this field. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular function, and oxidative stress in a model of type 2 diabetes fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received only a standard rat diet (control GK) including groups 2 (HFD), 3 (vehicle group), and 4 (α-LA group), which were given HFD, ad libitum during three months. Wistar rats are the non-diabetic control group. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver function, plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), liver GSH, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor E2 (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor-2 (Nrf2) levels were assessed in the different groups. Liver function was assessed using quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy, serum aspartate, and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and bilirubin levels. Histopathologically steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated. Type 2 diabetic animals fed with HFD showed a marked hepatic steatosis and a diminished hepatic extraction fraction and both were fully prevented with α-LA. Plasma and liver tissue MDA and hepatic TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the HFD group when compared with the control group and significantly lower in the α-LA group. Systemic and hepatic cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum uric acid levels were higher in hyperlipidemic GK rats and fully prevented with α-LA. In addition, nuclear Nrf2 activity was significantly diminished in GK rats and significantly augmented after α-LA treatment. In conclusion, α-LA strikingly ameliorates steatosis in this animal model of diabetes fed with HFD by decrementing the inflammatory marker TNF-α and reducing oxidative stress. α-LA might be considered a useful therapeutic tool to prevent hepatic steatosis by incrementing antioxidant defense systems through Nrf2 and consequently decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maria Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Maria Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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