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Fan YG, Guo C, Zhao LX, Ge RL, Pang ZQ, He DL, Ren H, Wu TY, Zhang YH, Wang ZY. Astrocyte-derived lactoferrin reduces β-amyloid burden by promoting the interaction between p38 kinase and PP2A phosphatase in male APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:896-913. [PMID: 37309219 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Overexpression of astrocytic lactoferrin (Lf) was observed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, whereas the role of astrocytic Lf in AD progression remains unexplored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of astrocytic Lf on AD progression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male APP/PS1 mice with astrocytes overexpressing human Lf were developed to evaluate the effects of astrocytic Lf on AD progression. N2a-sw cells also were employed to further uncover the mechanism of astrocytic Lf on β-amyloid (Aβ) production. KEY RESULTS Astrocytic Lf overexpression increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP) phosphorylation, Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation in APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistically, astrocytic Lf overexpression promoted the uptake of astrocytic Lf into neurons in APP/PS1 mice, and conditional medium from astrocytes overexpressing Lf inhibited p-APP (Thr668) expression in N2a-sw cells. Furthermore, recombinant human Lf (hLf) significantly enhanced PP2A activity and inhibited p-APP expression, whereas inhibition of p38 or PP2A activities abrogated the hLf-induced p-APP down-regulation in N2a-sw cells. Additionally, hLf promoted the interaction of p38 and PP2A via p38 activation, thereby enhancing PP2A activity, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) knockdown significantly reversed the hLf-induced p38 activation and p-APP down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggested that astrocytic Lf promoted neuronal p38 activation, via targeting to LRP1, subsequently promoting p38 binding to PP2A to enhance PP2A enzyme activity, which finally inhibited Aβ production via APP dephosphorylation. In conclusion, promoting astrocytic Lf expression may be a potential strategy against AD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ri-Le Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Pang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mann JK, Reddy T, van der Stok M, Ngubane A, Mulaudzi T, Mchunu N, Nevhungoni P, Manickchund N, Manickchund P, Louise Cairns CH, Govender V, Ndung'u T, Suleman Moosa MY, Gosnell BI. Hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement reduces symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19: a randomized control trial. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO882. [PMID: 37621850 PMCID: PMC10445555 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The ability of a hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement to prevent severe COVID-19 was tested in a double-blind randomized control study. Methods Adults with mild/moderate COVID-19, risk factors for severe disease, and within 5 days of symptom onset were assigned to the intervention (n = 77) or placebo (n = 79) arms. Symptoms were documented until day 42 post-enrollment and viral clearance was assessed at 11-13 days post-symptom onset. Results One participant developed severe COVID-19. The severe-type symptom score was lower in the active arm at 11-13 days post-symptom onset (p = 0.049). Chest pain, fever/chills, joint pain/malaise, and sore throat were significantly less frequent in the active arm. No differences in viral clearance were observed. Conclusion The intervention reduced symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration DOH-27-062021-9191 (South African National Clinical Trials Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Mary van der Stok
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayanda Ngubane
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Takalani Mulaudzi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Nobuhle Mchunu
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Portia Nevhungoni
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Nithendra Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Pariva Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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He Q, Zhang LL, Li D, Wu J, Guo YX, Fan J, Wu Q, Wang HP, Wan Z, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin alleviates Western diet-induced cognitive impairment through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100533. [PMID: 37351541 PMCID: PMC10282426 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) has been shown to benefit cognitive function in several animal models. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control (CON), Western-style diets (WD), lactoferrin (Lf), and Lf + antibiotics (AB) groups. The Lf group was intragastrically administered with Lf, and the Lf + AB group additionally drank a solution with antibiotics. After 16 weeks of intervention, Lf improved the cognitive function as indicated by behavioral tests. Lf also increased the length and curvature of postsynaptic density and upregulated the related protein expression, suggesting improved hippocampal neurons and synapses. Lf suppressed microglia activation and proliferation as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. Lf decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulated their protein expressions in the hippocampus region. Lf also inhibited the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasomes in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Lf upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at phylum and Roseburia at genus, which are beneficial for gut barrier and cognitive function. The antibiotics eliminated the effects of long-term Lf intervention on cognitive impairment in the Lf + AB group, suggesting that gut microbiota participated in Lf action. Short-term Lf intervention (2 weeks) prevented WD-induced gut microbiota alteration without inducing behavioral changes, supporting the timing sequence of gut microbiota to the brain. Thus, Lf intervention alleviated cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Deming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ya-Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jingbo Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- School of Life Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 7th Floor, Yasumoto International Academic Park, 999077, China
| | - Hai-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Weber C, Dilthey A, Finzer P. The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151021. [PMID: 37333848 PMCID: PMC10272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.
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Bacanoiu MV, Danoiu M, Rusu L, Marin MI. New Directions to Approach Oxidative Stress Related to Physical Activity and Nutraceuticals in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051008. [PMID: 37237873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays, perhaps, the most important role in the advanced aging process, cognitive impairment and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The process generates tissue damage via specific mechanisms on proteins, lipids and nucleic acids of the cells. An imbalance between the excessive production of oxygen- and nitrogen-reactive species and antioxidants leads to a progressive decline in physiological, biological and cognitive functions. Accordingly, we need to design and develop favourable strategies for stopping the early aging process as well as the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise training and natural or artificial nutraceutical intake are considered therapeutic interventions that reduce the inflammatory process, increase antioxidant capacities and promote healthy aging by decreasing the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of our review is to present research results in the field of oxidative stress related to physical activity and nutraceutical administration for the improvement of the aging process, but also related to reducing the neurodegeneration process based on analysing the beneficial effects of several antioxidants, such as physical activity, artificial and natural nutraceuticals, as well as the tools by which they are evaluated. In this paper, we assess the recent findings in the field of oxidative stress by analysing intervention antioxidants, anti-inflammatory markers and physical activity in healthy older adults and the elderly population with dementia and Parkinson's disease. By searching for studies from the last few years, we observed new trends for approaching the reduction in redox potential using different tools that evaluate regular physical activity, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers preventing premature aging and the progress of disabilities in neurodegenerative diseases. The results of our review show that regular physical activity, supplemented with vitamins and oligomolecules, results in a decrease in IL-6 and an increase in IL-10, and has an influence on the oxidative metabolism capacity. In conclusion, physical activity provides an antioxidant-protective effect by decreasing free radicals and proinflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Violeta Bacanoiu
- Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mircea Danoiu
- Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Rusu
- Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihnea Ion Marin
- Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
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Dimiza F, Barmpa A, Chronakis A, Hatzidimitriou AG, Sanakis Y, Papadopoulos AN, Psomas G. Iron(III) Complexes with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Structure, Antioxidant and Anticholinergic Activity, and Interaction with Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076391. [PMID: 37047364 PMCID: PMC10094617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
One the main research goals of bioinorganic chemists is the synthesis of novel coordination compounds possessing biological potency. Within this context, three novel iron(III) complexes with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diflunisal and diclofenac in the presence or absence of the nitrogen donors 1,10-phenanthroline or pyridine were isolated and characterized by diverse techniques. The complexes were evaluated for their ability to scavenge in vitro free radicals such as hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, revealing their selective potency towards hydroxyl radicals. The in vitro inhibitory activity of the complexes towards the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase was evaluated, and their potential to achieve neuroprotection appeared promising. The interaction of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA was examined in vitro, revealing their ability to intercalate in-between DNA nucleobases. The affinity of the complexes for serum albumins was evaluated in vitro and revealed their tight and reversible binding.
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Goyal A, Agrawal A, Verma A, Dubey N. The PI3K-AKT pathway: A plausible therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 129:104846. [PMID: 36436571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Numerous pathological processes including, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and apoptosis as well as genetic factors may lead to neuronal degeneration. With the emergence of aging population, the health problem and economic burden caused by PD also increase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway regulates signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. According to reports, it regulates neurotoxicity and mediates the survival of neurons. Accumulating evidences indicate that some natural products can play a neuroprotective role by activating PI3K-AKT pathway, providing an effective resource for the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. The current review provides an overview of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and review the relationship between this signaling pathway and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Naidu SAG, Wallace TC, Davies KJA, Naidu AS. Lactoferrin for Mental Health: Neuro-Redox Regulation and Neuroprotective Effects across the Blood-Brain Barrier with Special Reference to Neuro-COVID-19. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:218-253. [PMID: 33977807 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1922567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overall mental health depends in part on the blood-brain barrier, which regulates nutrient transfer in-and-out of the brain and its central nervous system. Lactoferrin, an innate metal-transport protein, synthesized in the substantia nigra, particularly in dopaminergic neurons and activated microglia is vital for brain physiology. Lactoferrin rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transcytosis and accumulates in the brain capillary endothelial cells. Lactoferrin receptors are additionally present on glioma cells, brain micro-vessels, and neurons. As a regulator of neuro-redox, microglial lactoferrin is critical for protection/repair of neurons and healthy brain function. Iron imbalance and oxidative stress are common among patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, and multiple sclerosis. As an endogenous iron-chelator, lactoferrin prevents iron accumulation and dopamine depletion in Parkinson's disease patients. Oral lactoferrin supplementation could modulate the p-Akt/PTEN pathway, reduce Aβ deposition, and ameliorate cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Novel lactoferrin-based nano-therapeutics have emerged as effective drug-delivery systems for clinical management of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent emergence of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, initially considered a respiratory illness, demonstrated a broader virulence spectrum with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and inflict a plethora of neuropathological manifestations in the brain - the Neuro-COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are widely reported in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and multiple sclerosis patients with aggravated clinical outcomes. Lactoferrin, credited with several neuroprotective benefits in the brain could serve as a potential adjuvant in the clinical management of Neuro-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreus A G Naidu
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, Yorba Linda, California, USA
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Division of Biogerontology, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Liang W, Xie Z, Liao D, Li Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Li X, Dong M. Inhibiting microRNA-142-5p improves learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease rats via targeted regulation of the PTPN1-mediated Akt pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:107-114. [PMID: 35219754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as possible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). MiR-142-5p has been reported to be abnormally expressed in brain tissues. However, the role of miR-142-5p in AD pathogenesis keeps unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-142-5p on the learning and memory of AD rats via regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 (PTPN1)-mediated protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. METHODS The AD model was established by injection of Aβ1-42 oligomer once into the lateral ventricle of rats, and the spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured. AD rats were injected with miR-142-5p or PTPN1 vectors to explore their functions in inflammation, Aβ, p-tau protein, apoptosis in brain tissues, and the effects on Akt pathway. The targeting relationship between miR-142-5p and PTPN1 was detected. RESULTS Overexpressed miR-142-5p, down-regulated PTPN1 and inactivated Akt pathway were exhibited in AD. MiR-142-5p targeted PTPN1 to mediate Akt pathway. Reduced miR-142-5p and elevated PTPN1 improved the behavior of AD rats. MiR-142-5p targeted PTPN1 to effectively inhibit Aβ formation and abnormal phosphorylation of p-tau protein, suppress the inflammation in the brain tissues of AD rat, and improve the survival rate of brain tissue cells. MiR-142-5p regulated PTPN1 to activate the Akt pathway, further inhibiting the apoptosis of brain neurons in AD rats. CONCLUSION Down-regulating miR-142-5p targets PTPN1 to activate Akt pathway, thus improving the learning and memory of AD rats and playing an anti-AD role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- Department of The Third outpatient, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Yunnan Geriatric Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanru Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Xinkunhua Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Manli Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Oliveira BSAD, Milanezi DS, Gonzaga PDV, Detoni FR, Soriano RN. The gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases: revisiting possible therapeutic targets for cannabidiol. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12172. [PMID: 36544841 PMCID: PMC9761731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential to improve the efficacy of treatments and, consequently, patients' lives. Unfortunately, traditional therapeutic strategies have not been effective. There is therefore an urgent need to discover or develop alternative treatment strategies. Recently, some pieces of the puzzle appear to emerge: on a hand, the gut microbiota (GM) has gained attention since intestinal dysbiosis aggravates and generates some of the pathological processes of AD; on the other hand, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, attenuates intestinal inflammation and possesses neuroprotective properties. Intestinal dysbiosis (increased population of proinflammatory bacteria) in AD increases plasma lipopolysaccharide and Aβ peptide levels, both responsible for increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A leaky BBB may facilitate the entry of peripheral inflammatory mediators into the central nervous system and ultimately aggravate neuroinflammation and neuronal death due to chronic activation of glial cells. Studies investigating the GM reported a strong relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and AD. In this review we conjecture that the GM is a promising therapeutic target for CBD in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Sandrini Milanezi
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Priscila do Val Gonzaga
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabello Detoni
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35020-360, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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11
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Lactoferrin: from the structure to the functional orchestration of iron homeostasis. Biometals 2022; 36:391-416. [PMID: 36214975 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Iron is by far the most widespread and essential transition metal, possessing crucial biological functions for living systems. Despite chemical advantages, iron biology has forced organisms to face with some issues: ferric iron insolubility and ferrous-driven formation of toxic radicals. For these reasons, acquisition and transport of iron constitutes a formidable challenge for cells and organisms, which need to maintain adequate iron concentrations within a narrow range, allowing biological processes without triggering toxic effects. Higher organisms have evolved extracellular carrier proteins to acquire, transport and manage iron. In recent years, a renewed interest in iron biology has highlighted the role of iron-proteins dysregulation in the onset and/or exacerbation of different pathological conditions. However, to date, no resolutive therapy for iron disorders has been found. In this review, we outline the efficacy of Lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family mainly secreted by exocrine glands and neutrophils, as a new emerging orchestrator of iron metabolism and homeostasis, able to counteract iron disorders associated to different pathologies, including iron deficiency and anemia of inflammation in blood, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases in the brain and cystic fibrosis in the lung.
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Zheng L, Han Z, Luo D, Li J, Ye H, Feng R, Zhong Q, Jing J, Yao Y. FGF23 and SOX9 expression in hemophilic cartilage: In vitro studies of the effects of iron. Haemophilia 2022; 28:1062-1068. [PMID: 35802007 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clarifying the links between iron and FGF23, SOX9 expression in chondrocytes would be helpful for comprehending articular cartilage degradation pathogenesis in blood-induced arthritis and exploring new protective methods. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine iron regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and SRY-box 9 (SOX9) in human chondrocytes, an area which is unexplored in blood-induced arthritis cartilage degradation pathogenesis. METHODS Expression of FGF23, SOX9, MMP13 and collagen Ⅱ in articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or haemophilic arthritis (HA) was determined by western blot (WB). Iron induced FGF23 and SOX9 mRNA and protein expression in primary human normal chondrocyte cells (HUM-iCell-s018) was quantifified by qRT-PCR and WB, respectively. RESULTS We found that compared with OA patients, the expression of FGF23, MMP13 in articular cartilage of patients with HA was up-regulated, while the expression of SOX9, collagen Ⅱ was down-regulated. Iron induced FGF23 and suppressed SOX9 expression in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that iron were involved in hemophilic cartilage lesion directly via changing cartilage phenotype through regulation of FGF23 and SOX9 expression in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujie Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasheng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Houlong Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Ghasemi-Tarie R, Kiasalari Z, Fakour M, Khorasani M, Keshtkar S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Nobiletin prevents amyloid β 1-40-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1337-1349. [PMID: 35294678 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is presented as an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple cognitive deficits and amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is the most important involved factor in its development. Nobiletin is a bioflavonoid isolated from citrus fruits peels with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity as well as anti-dementia property that has shown potency to ameliorate intracellular and extracellular Ab. The aim of the present study was to assess protective effect of nobiletin against Aβ1-40-induced cognitive impairment as a consistent model of AD. After bilateral intrahippocampal (CA1 subfield) injection of Aβ1-40, rats were treated with nobiletin (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) from stereotaxic surgery day (day 0) till day + 7. Cognition function was evaluated in a battery of behavioral tasks at week 3 with final assessment of hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation besides Nissl staining and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunohistochemistry. Analysis of behavioral data showed notable and significant improvement of alternation in Y maze test, discrimination ratio in novel object recognition task, and step through latency in passive avoidance test in nobiletin-treated Aβ group. Additionally, nobiletin treatment was associated with lower hippocampal levels of MDA and ROS and partial reversal of SOD activity and also improvement of Nrf2 with no significant effect on GSH and catalase. Furthermore, nobiletin attenuated hippocampal neuroinflammation in Aβ group as shown by lower tissue levels of TLR4, NF-kB, and TNFa. Histochemical findings showed that nobiletin prevents CA1 neuronal loss in Nissl staining in addition to its alleviation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunoreactivity as a marker of nitrosative stress. Collectively, these findings indicated neuroprotective and anti-dementia potential of nobiletin that is partly attributed to its anti-oxidative, anti-nitrosative, and anti-inflammatory property associated with proper modulation of TLR4/NF-kB/Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Fakour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khorasani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Keshtkar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bruno F, Malvaso A, Canterini S, Bruni AC. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060726. [PMID: 35740133 PMCID: PMC9220182 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. There are two major forms of the disease: sporadic (SAD)—whose causes are not completely understood—and familial (FAD)—with clear autosomal dominant inheritance. The two main hallmarks of AD are extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular deposits of the hyperphosphorylated form of the tau protein (P-tau). An ever-growing body of research supports the infectious hypothesis of sporadic forms of AD. Indeed, it has been documented that some pathogens, such as herpesviruses and certain bacterial species, are commonly present in AD patients, prompting recent clinical research to focus on the characterization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in this pathology. The literature also demonstrates that Aβ can be considered itself as an AMP; thus, representing a type of innate immune defense peptide that protects the host against a variety of pathogens. Beyond Aβ, other proteins with antimicrobial activity, such as lactoferrin, defensins, cystatins, thymosin β4, LL37, histatin 1, and statherin have been shown to be involved in AD. Here, we summarized and discussed these findings and explored the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of AMPs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00158 Rome, Italy;
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The Lactoferrin Phenomenon-A Miracle Molecule. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092941. [PMID: 35566292 PMCID: PMC9104648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous harmful factors that affect the human body from birth to old age cause many disturbances, e.g., in the structure of the genome, inducing cell apoptosis and their degeneration, which leads to the development of many diseases, including cancer. Among the factors leading to pathological processes, microbes, viruses, gene dysregulation and immune system disorders have been described. The function of a protective agent may be played by lactoferrin as a “miracle molecule”, an endogenous protein with a number of favorable antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunostimulatory and binding DNA properties. The purpose of this article is to present the broad spectrum of properties and the role that lactoferrin plays in protecting human cells at all stages of life.
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Berthon BS, Williams LM, Williams EJ, Wood LG. Effect of Lactoferrin Supplementation on Inflammation, Immune Function, and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1799-1819. [PMID: 35481594 PMCID: PMC9526865 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein present in human and bovine milk with antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. This review aimed to examine the evidence for the effect of Lf supplementation on inflammation, immune function, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in humans. Online databases were searched up to December 2020 to identify relevant, English-language articles that examined the effect of Lf supplementation in human subjects of all ages, on either inflammation, immune cell populations or activity, or the incidence, duration, or severity of respiratory illness or RTIs. Twenty-five studies (n = 20 studies in adults) were included, of which 8 of 13 studies (61%) in adults reported a decrease in at least 1 systemic inflammatory biomarker. Immune function improved in 6 of 8 studies (75%) in adults, with changes in immune cell populations in 2 of 6 studies (33%), and changes in immune cell activity in 2 of 5 studies (40%). RTI outcomes were reduced in 6 of 10 studies (60%) (n = 5 in adults, n = 5 in children), with decreased incidence in 3 of 9 studies (33%), and either decreased frequency (2/4, 50%) or duration (3/6, 50%) in 50% of studies. In adults, Lf reduced IL-6 [mean difference (MD): -24.9 pg/mL; 95% CI: -41.64, -8.08 pg/mL], but not C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.82, 0.65], or NK cell cytotoxicity [MD: 4.84%; 95% CI: -3.93, 13.60%]. RTI incidence was reduced in infants and children (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98) but not in adults (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.32). Clinical studies on Lf supplementation are limited, although findings show 200 mg Lf/d reduces systemic inflammation, while formulas containing 35-833 mg Lf/d may reduce RTI incidence in infants and children, suggesting improved immune function. Future research is required to determine optimal supplementation strategies and populations most likely to benefit from Lf supplementation. This trial was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021232186) as CRD42021232186.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily M Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Bartolomé F, Rosa L, Valenti P, Lopera F, Hernández-Gallego J, Cantero JL, Orive G, Carro E. Lactoferrin as Immune-Enhancement Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878201. [PMID: 35547737 PMCID: PMC9083828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) (COVID-19) causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Severe illness of COVID-19 largely occurs in older people and recent evidence indicates that demented patients have higher risk for COVID-19. Additionally, COVID-19 further enhances the vulnerability of older adults with cognitive damage. A balance between the immune and inflammatory response is necessary to control the infection. Thus, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs are hopeful therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Accumulating evidence suggests that lactoferrin (Lf) is active against SARS-CoV-2, likely due to its potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory actions that ultimately improves immune system responses. Remarkably, salivary Lf levels are significantly reduced in different Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages, which may reflect AD-related immunological disturbances, leading to reduced defense mechanisms against viral pathogens and an increase of the COVID-19 susceptibility. Overall, there is an urgent necessity to protect AD patients against COVID-19, decreasing the risk of viral infections. In this context, we propose bovine Lf (bLf) as a promising preventive therapeutic tool to minimize COVID-19 risk in patients with dementia or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolomé
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jesús Hernández-Gallego
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Cantero
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networked Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Chronic Disease Programme, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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Du Y, Li D, Chen J, Li YH, Zhang Z, Hidayat K, Wan Z, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin improves hepatic insulin resistance and pancreatic dysfunctions in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2022; 103:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen JJ, Thiyagarajah M, Song J, Chen C, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, Rapoport MJ, Black SE, Ramirez J, Andreazza AC, Oh P, Marzolini S, Graham SJ, Lanctôt KL. Altered central and blood glutathione in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 35123548 PMCID: PMC8818133 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence implicates oxidative stress (OS) in Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Depletion of the brain antioxidant glutathione (GSH) may be important in OS-mediated neurodegeneration, though studies of post-mortem brain GSH changes in AD have been inconclusive. Recent in vivo measurements of the brain and blood GSH may shed light on GSH changes earlier in the disease. AIM To quantitatively review in vivo GSH in AD and MCI compared to healthy controls (HC) using meta-analyses. METHOD Studies with in vivo brain or blood GSH levels in MCI or AD with a HC group were identified using MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and Embase (1947-June 2020). Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes using random effects models. Outcome measures included brain GSH (Meshcher-Garwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) versus non-MEGA-PRESS) and blood GSH (intracellular versus extracellular) in AD and MCI. The Q statistic and Egger's test were used to assess heterogeneity and risk of publication bias, respectively. RESULTS For brain GSH, 4 AD (AD=135, HC=223) and 4 MCI (MCI=213, HC=211) studies were included. For blood GSH, 26 AD (AD=1203, HC=1135) and 7 MCI (MCI=434, HC=408) studies were included. Brain GSH overall did not differ in AD or MCI compared to HC; however, the subgroup of studies using MEGA-PRESS reported lower brain GSH in AD (SMD [95%CI] -1.45 [-1.83, -1.06], p<0.001) and MCI (-1.15 [-1.71, -0.59], z=4.0, p<0.001). AD had lower intracellular and extracellular blood GSH overall (-0.87 [-1. 30, -0.44], z=3.96, p<0.001). In a subgroup analysis, intracellular GSH was lower in MCI (-0.66 [-1.11, -0.21], p=0.025). Heterogeneity was observed throughout (I2 >85%) and not fully accounted by subgroup analysis. Egger's test indicated risk of publication bias. CONCLUSION Blood intracellular GSH decrease is seen in MCI, while both intra- and extracellular decreases were seen in AD. Brain GSH is decreased in AD and MCI in subgroup analysis. Potential bias and heterogeneity suggest the need for measurement standardization and additional studies to explore sources of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Jenny Chen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathura Thiyagarajah
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianmeng Song
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Clara Chen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J Rapoport
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Oh
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Physical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shawki SM, Saad MA, Rahmo RM, Wadie W, El-Abhar HS. Liraglutide Improves Cognitive and Neuronal Function in 3-NP Rat Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:731483. [PMID: 35002691 PMCID: PMC8727874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor, psychiatric, and cognitive abnormalities. The antidiabetic drug liraglutide possesses a neuroprotective potential against several neurodegenerative disorders; however, its role in Huntington’s disease (HD) and the possible mechanisms/trajectories remain elusive, which is the aim of this work. Liraglutide (200 μg/kg, s.c) was administered to rats intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) for 4 weeks post HD model induction. Liraglutide abated the 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral deficits (open field and elevated plus maze tests) and histopathological changes. Liraglutide downregulated the striatal mRNA expression of HSP 27, PBR, and GFAP, while it upregulated that of DARPP32. On the molecular level, liraglutide enhanced striatal miR-130a gene expression and TrKB protein expression and its ligand BDNF, while it reduced the striatal protein content and mRNA expression of the death receptors sortilin and p75NTR, respectively. It enhanced the neuroprotective molecules cAMP, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-CREB, besides modulating the p-GSK-3β/p-β-catenin axis. Liraglutide enhanced the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, abrogated TBARS, upregulated both Bcl2 and Bcl-XL, and downregulated Bax along with decreasing caspase-3 activity. Therefore, liraglutide exerts a neurotherapeutic effect on 3-NP-treated rats that is, besides the upturn of behavioral and structural findings, it at least partially, increased miR-130a and modulated PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF/TrKB, sortilin, and p75NTR, and Akt/GSK-3β/p-β-catenin trajectories besides its capacity to decrease apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as its neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Shawki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Li B, Zhang B, Liu X, Zheng Y, Han K, Liu H, Wu C, Li J, Fan S, Peng W, Zhang F, Liu X. The effect of lactoferrin in aging: role and potential. Food Funct 2021; 13:501-513. [PMID: 34928288 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is frequently accompanied by various types of physiological deterioration, which increases the risk of human pathologies. Global public health efforts to increase human lifespan have increasingly focused on lowering the risk of aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. Dietary intervention is a promising approach to maintaining human health during aging. Lactoferrin (LF) is known for its physiologically pleiotropic properties. Anti-aging interventions of LF have proven to be safe and effective for various pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cellular senescence, anti-inflammation, and anti-carcinogenic. Moreover, LF has a pivotal role in modulating the major signaling pathways that influence the longevity of organisms. Thus, LF is expected to be able to attenuate the process of aging and greatly ameliorate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Kuntong Han
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Henan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Changjing Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Shuhua Fan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China.
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23
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Verheijen MCT, Krauskopf J, Caiment F, Nazaruk M, Wen QF, van Herwijnen MHM, Hauser DA, Gajjar M, Verfaillie C, Vermeiren Y, De Deyn PP, Wittens MMJ, Sieben A, Engelborghs S, Dejonckheere W, Princen K, Griffioen G, Roggen EL, Briedé JJ. iPSC-derived cortical neurons to study sporadic Alzheimer disease: A transcriptome comparison with post-mortem brain samples. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:89-99. [PMID: 34921933 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by the progressive impairment of cognition and memory loss. Sporadic AD (sAD) represents approximately 95 % of the AD cases and is induced by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors called "Alzheimerogens". Heavy metals (e.g. copper) and pesticides (e.g. fipronil) can affect many AD-related processes, including neuroinflammation (considered as AD-inducing factor). Research would benefit from in vitro models to investigate effects of Alzheimerogens. We compared transcriptomics changes in sAD induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cortical neurons to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in post-mortem AD brain tissue. These analyses showed that many AD-related processes could be identified in the sAD iPSC-derived neurons, and furthermore, could even identify more DEGs functioning in these processes than post-mortem AD-brain tissue. Thereafter, we exposed the iPSCs to AD-inducing factors (copper(II)chloride, fipronil sulfone and an inflammatory cytokine cocktail). Cytokine exposure induced expression of immune related genes while copper-exposure affected genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, which are known AD-related processes. Fipronil-exposure did not result in significant transcriptomic changes, although prolonged exposures or higher doses may be necessary. Overall, we show that iPSC-derived cortical neurons can be beneficial in vitro models to identify Alzheimerogens and AD-related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C T Verheijen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Nazaruk
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Q F Wen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M H M van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Hauser
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Gajjar
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, eindendreef 1, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M M J Wittens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - A Sieben
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - S Engelborghs
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - W Dejonckheere
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - K Princen
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G Griffioen
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - E L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions BV, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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24
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Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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25
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Liu N, Feng G, Zhang X, Hu Q, Sun S, Sun J, Sun Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li Y. The Functional Role of Lactoferrin in Intestine Mucosal Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:759507. [PMID: 34901112 PMCID: PMC8655231 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.759507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is one of the main types of intestinal inflammatory diseases with intestine mucosal immune disorder. Intestine mucosal immune system plays a remarkable and important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Therefore, understanding the intestine mucosal immune mechanism is a key step to develop therapeutic interventions for IBD. Intestine mucosal immune system and IBD are influenced by various factors, such as inflammation, gut permeability, gut microbiota, and nutrients. Among these factors, emerging evidence show that nutrients play a key role in inflammation activation, integrity of intestinal barrier, and immune cell modulation. Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to transferrin family, is a dietary bioactive component abundantly found in mammalian milk. Notably, LF has been reported to perform diverse biological functions including antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, intestinal barrier protection, and immune cell modulation, and is involved in maintaining intestine mucosal immune homeostasis. The improved understanding of the properties of LF in intestine mucosal immune system and IBD will facilitate its application in nutrition, clinical medicine, and health. Herein, this review outlines the recent advancements on LF as a potential therapeutic intervention for IBD associated with intestine mucosal immune system dysfunction. We hope this review will provide a reference for future studies and lay a theoretical foundation for LF-based therapeutic interventions for IBD by understanding the particular effects of LF on intestine mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Maternal & Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Maternal & Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Maternal & Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhou HH, Wang G, Luo L, Ding W, Xu JY, Yu Z, Qin LQ, Wan Z. Dietary lactoferrin has differential effects on gut microbiota in young versus middle-aged APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice but no effects on cognitive function. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5496. [PMID: 34776831 PMCID: PMC8559448 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence suggest that lactoferrin might be beneficial for Alzheimer’s disease, while precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Objective To determine the effects of lactoferrin intervention on cognitive function from APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, and potential mechanisms involved. Design Both the young and middle-aged male APP/PS1 mice were divided into the control and lactoferrin intervention groups with 16 weeks’ intervention. Results Lactoferrin had no effects on cognitive function for both the young and middle-aged mice, and no key markers involved in Aβ, tau pathology, neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity were altered after lactoferrin intervention. With regards to gut microbiota profiles, in the young APP/PS1 mice, lactoferrin elevated the α diversity index including ACE and Chao 1, and reduced the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Alistipes and elevated Oscillibacter; in addition, Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus, EF096579_g, EU454405_g, Mollicutes_RF39, EU474361_g, EU774448_g, and EF096976_g were specifically abundant via linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) analysis. In the middle-aged APP/PS1 mice, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, as well as the genera Oscillospira, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus was significantly reduced post lactoferrin; additionally, S24_7, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidetes, and Methylobacterium were specific via LEfSe analysis in the lactoferrin group. Conclusions Dietary lactoferrin might be beneficial for gut microbiota homeostasis although it might have no effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Polzella M, Lenzi P, Frati A, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Lactoferrin Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity by Modulating Autophagy and Mitochondrial Status. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103356. [PMID: 34684361 PMCID: PMC8537867 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) was used at first as a vehicle to deliver non-soluble active compounds to the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). Nonetheless, it soon became evident that, apart from acting as a vehicle, LF itself owns active effects in the CNS. In the present study, the effects of LF are assessed both in baseline conditions, as well as to counteract methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurodegeneration by assessing cell viability, cell phenotype, mitochondrial status, and specific autophagy steps. In detail, cell integrity in baseline conditions and following METH administration was carried out by using H&E staining, Trypan blue, Fluoro Jade B, and WST-1. Western blot and immuno-fluorescence were used to assess the expression of the neurofilament marker βIII-tubulin. Mitochondria were stained using Mito Tracker Red and Green and were further detailed and quantified by using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy markers were analyzed through immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy. LF counteracts METH-induced degeneration. In detail, LF significantly attenuates the amount of cell loss and mitochondrial alterations produced by METH; and mitigates the dissipation of autophagy-related proteins from the autophagy compartment, which is massively induced by METH. These findings indicate a protective role of LF in the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla, 19, 56042 Crespina Lorenzana, Italy;
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Reseco L, Atienza M, Fernandez-Alvarez M, Carro E, Cantero JL. Salivary lactoferrin is associated with cortical amyloid-beta load, cortical integrity, and memory in aging. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:150. [PMID: 34488875 PMCID: PMC8422723 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with declining protective immunity and persistent low-grade inflammatory responses, which significantly contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Detecting aging-related cerebral vulnerability associated with deterioration of the immune system requires from non-invasive biomarkers able to detect failures in the brain-immunity connection. Reduced levels of salivary lactoferrin (sLF), an iron-binding protein with immunomodulatory activity, have been related to AD diagnosis. However, it remains unknown whether decreased sLF is associated with increased cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) load and/or with loss of cortical integrity in normal aging. METHODS Seventy-four cognitively normal older adults (51 females) participated in the study. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to assess (i) whether sLF is associated with cortical Aβ load measured by 18F-Florbetaben (FBB)-positron emission tomography (PET), (ii) whether sLF-related variations in cortical thickness and cortical glucose metabolism depend on global Aβ burden, and (iii) whether such sLF-related cortical abnormalities moderate the relationship between sLF and cognition. RESULTS sLF was negatively associated with Aβ load in parieto-temporal regions. Moreover, sLF was related to thickening of the middle temporal cortex, increased FDG uptake in the posterior cingulate cortex, and poorer memory. These associations were stronger in individuals showing the highest Aβ burden. CONCLUSIONS sLF levels are sensitive to variations in cortical Aβ load, structural and metabolic cortical abnormalities, and subclinical memory impairment in asymptomatic older adults. These findings provide support for the use of sLF as a non-invasive biomarker of cerebral vulnerability in the general aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Reseco
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Fernandez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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He T, Zhang X, Hao J, Ding S. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Non-neoplastic Digestive Disease: More Than Just Tumor Suppressor. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684529. [PMID: 34140896 PMCID: PMC8204087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, which acts through its unique protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN protein is widely distributed and exhibits complex biological functions and regulatory modes. It is involved in the regulation of cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration through a variety of signaling pathways. The role of PTEN in malignant tumors of the digestive system is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that PTEN may be closely related to many other benign processes in digestive organs. Emerging evidence suggests that PTEN is a potential therapeutic target in the context of several non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract. The recent discovery of PTEN isoforms is expected to help unravel more biological effects of PTEN in non-neoplastic digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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32
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Sun L. The Potential Role of Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:907-925. [PMID: 33646161 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60%-80%of all cases. Although much effort has been made over the years, the precise mechanism of AD has not been completely elucidated. Recently, great attention has shifted to the roles of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis. We also note that these pathological events are the vital regulators of a novel regulatory cell death, termed ferroptosis-an iron-dependent, oxidative, non-apoptotic cell death. Ferroptosis differs from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy with respect to morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. Mounting evidence suggests that ferroptosis may be involved in neurological disorders, including AD. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis; discuss the potential interaction between AD and ferroptosis in terms of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis; and describe some associated studies that have explored the implication of ferroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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33
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Tsatsanis A, McCorkindale AN, Wong BX, Patrick E, Ryan TM, Evans RW, Bush AI, Sutherland GT, Sivaprasadarao A, Guennewig B, Duce JA. The acute phase protein lactoferrin is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease and predictor of Aβ burden through induction of APP amyloidogenic processing. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5516-5531. [PMID: 34400772 PMCID: PMC8758478 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) component of pathognomonic extracellular plaques of AD. Additional early cortical changes in AD include neuroinflammation and elevated iron levels. Activation of the innate immune system in the brain is a neuroprotective response to infection; however, persistent neuroinflammation is linked to AD neuropathology by uncertain mechanisms. Non-parametric machine learning analysis on transcriptomic data from a large neuropathologically characterised patient cohort revealed the acute phase protein lactoferrin (Lf) as the key predictor of amyloid pathology. In vitro studies showed that an interaction between APP and the iron-bound form of Lf secreted from activated microglia diverted neuronal APP endocytosis from the canonical clathrin-dependent pathway to one requiring ADP ribosylation factor 6 trafficking. By rerouting APP recycling to the Rab11-positive compartment for amyloidogenic processing, Lf dramatically increased neuronal Aβ production. Lf emerges as a novel pharmacological target for AD that not only modulates APP processing but provides a link between Aβ production, neuroinflammation and iron dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tsatsanis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire UK
| | - Andrew N. McCorkindale
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Bruce X. Wong
- grid.5335.00000000121885934The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire UK ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Tim M. Ryan
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Robert W. Evans
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Greg T. Sutherland
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire UK
| | - Boris Guennewig
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - James A. Duce
- grid.5335.00000000121885934The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire UK ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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Chen J, Teng D, Wu Z, Li W, Feng Y, Tang Y, Liu G. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction via Network Pharmacology. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:91-102. [PMID: 33332098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used to treat diseases over a long history, but it is still a great challenge to uncover the underlying mechanisms for their therapeutic effects due to the complexity of their ingredients. Based on a novel network pharmacology-based approach, we explored in this study the potential therapeutic targets of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) decoction in its neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) function. We not only collected the known targets of the compounds in LWDH but also predicted the targets for these compounds using the balanced substructure-drug-target network-based inference (bSDTNBI), which is a target prediction method based on network inferring developed by our laboratory. A "target-(pathway)-target" (TPT) network, in which targets of LWDH were connected by relevant pathways, was constructed and divided into several separate modules with strong internal connections. Then the target module that contributes the most to NIM function was determined through a contribution scoring algorithm. Finally, the targets with the highest contribution score to NIM-related diseases in this target module were recommended as potential therapeutic targets of LWDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dan Teng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqian Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Sánchez-Sarasúa S, Fernández-Pérez I, Espinosa-Fernández V, Sánchez-Pérez AM, Ledesma JC. Can We Treat Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8751. [PMID: 33228179 PMCID: PMC7699542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), considered the most common type of dementia, is characterized by a progressive loss of memory, visuospatial, language and complex cognitive abilities. In addition, patients often show comorbid depression and aggressiveness. Aging is the major factor contributing to AD; however, the initial cause that triggers the disease is yet unknown. Scientific evidence demonstrates that AD, especially the late onset of AD, is not the result of a single event, but rather it appears because of a combination of risk elements with the lack of protective ones. A major risk factor underlying the disease is neuroinflammation, which can be activated by different situations, including chronic pathogenic infections, prolonged stress and metabolic syndrome. Consequently, many therapeutic strategies against AD have been designed to reduce neuro-inflammation, with very promising results improving cognitive function in preclinical models of the disease. The literature is massive; thus, in this review we will revise the translational evidence of these early strategies focusing in anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory molecules and discuss their therapeutic application in humans. Furthermore, we review the preclinical and clinical data of nutraceutical application against AD symptoms. Finally, we introduce new players underlying neuroinflammation in AD: the activity of the endocannabinoid system and the intestinal microbiota as neuroprotectors. This review highlights the importance of a broad multimodal approach to treat successfully the neuroinflammation underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana María Sánchez-Pérez
- Neurobiotechnology Group, Department of Medicine, Health Science Faculty, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (S.S.-S.); (I.F.-P.); (V.E.-F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Neurobiotechnology Group, Department of Medicine, Health Science Faculty, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; (S.S.-S.); (I.F.-P.); (V.E.-F.)
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36
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Olsen I, Singhrao SK. Low levels of salivary lactoferrin may affect oral dysbiosis and contribute to Alzheimer's disease: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110393. [PMID: 33229194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently it has been reported that reduced levels of salivary lactoferrin (LF) can be a plausible biomarker for amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. This could mean that reduced levels of salivary LF act as a trigger for oral dysbiosis and that low LF levels could change the oral microbiota. A chemical change in the composition of saliva has not yet been considered as a cause for microbial dysbiosis but does present an opportunity to view oral dysbiosis as a plausible contributory factor in the development of AD pathophysiology. Oral dysbiosis has largely been reported as a result of inadequate oral hygiene and dry mouth in elderly subjects. Here we discuss if the deficiency of LF in saliva and gingival fluid of AD patients can facilitate proliferation of oral pathogens, and as a result their spread elsewhere in the body. Additionally, we ask if LF in the AD brain could be overexposed as a result of chronic infection. Together these outcomes will indicate if reduced levels of salivary LF can act as a trigger of oral dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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37
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Bălașa AF, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM. Body Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease-An Up-To-Date Overview. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E421. [PMID: 33076333 PMCID: PMC7602623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a highly complex process which is associated with a variety of molecular mechanisms related to ageing. Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common, affecting more than 45 million individuals. The underlying mechanisms involve amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition, which will subsequently lead to oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, neuron dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The current diagnosis methods are still limited in regard to the possibility of the accurate and early detection of the diseases. Therefore, research has shifted towards the identification of novel biomarkers and matrices as biomarker sources, beyond amyloid-β and tau protein levels within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that could improve AD diagnosis. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of both conventional and novel biomarkers for AD found within body fluids, including CSF, blood, saliva, urine, tears, and olfactory fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Florian Bălașa
- Târgu Mures, Emergency Clinical Hospital, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, RO-540142 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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Elzoghby AO, Abdelmoneem MA, Hassanin IA, Abd Elwakil MM, Elnaggar MA, Mokhtar S, Fang JY, Elkhodairy KA. Lactoferrin, a multi-functional glycoprotein: Active therapeutic, drug nanocarrier & targeting ligand. Biomaterials 2020; 263:120355. [PMID: 32932142 PMCID: PMC7480805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in protein-based nanomedicine, inspired by the success of Abraxane® albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticles, have resulted in novel therapeutics used for treatment of challenging diseases like cancer and viral infections. However, absence of specific drug targeting, poor pharmacokinetics, premature drug release, and off-target toxicity are still formidable challenges in the clinic. Therefore, alternative protein-based nanomedicines were developed to overcome those challenges. In this regard, lactoferrin (Lf), a glycoprotein of transferrin family, offers a promising biodegradable well tolerated material that could be exploited both as an active therapeutic and drug nanocarrier. This review highlights the major pharmacological actions of Lf including anti-cancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory actions. Delivery technologies of Lf to improve its pries and enhance its efficacy were also reviewed. Moreover, different nano-engineering strategies used for fabrication of drug-loaded Lf nanocarriers were discussed. In addition, the use of Lf for functionalization of drug nanocarriers with emphasis on tumor-targeted drug delivery was illustrated. Besides its wide application in oncology nano-therapeutics, we discussed the recent advances of Lf-based nanocarriers as efficient platforms for delivery of anti-parkinsonian, anti-Alzheimer, anti-viral drugs, immunomodulatory and bone engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology (HST), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Abdelmoneem
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur, 22516, Egypt
| | - Islam A Hassanin
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Abd Elwakil
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Manar A Elnaggar
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Nanotechnology Program, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Sarah Mokhtar
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kadria A Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Mann JK, Ndung'u T. The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19. Future Virol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7543043 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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40
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González-Sánchez M, Bartolome F, Antequera D, Puertas-Martín V, González P, Gómez-Grande A, Llamas-Velasco S, Herrero-San Martín A, Pérez-Martínez D, Villarejo-Galende A, Atienza M, Palomar-Bonet M, Cantero JL, Perry G, Orive G, Ibañez B, Bueno H, Fuster V, Carro E. Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102834. [PMID: 32586758 PMCID: PMC7378957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains may suggest a deteriorated innate immune system in AD pathophysiology. We previously demonstrated reduced salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels, one of the major antimicrobial proteins, in AD patients. METHODS To assess the clinical utility of salivary Lf for AD diagnosis, we examine the relationship between salivary Lf and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) load using amyloid-Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging, in two different cross-sectional cohorts including patients with different neurodegenerative disorders. FINDINGS The diagnostic performance of salivary Lf in the cohort 1 had an area under the curve [AUC] of 0•95 (0•911-0•992) for the differentiation of the prodromal AD/AD group positive for amyloid-PET (PET+) versus healthy group, and 0•97 (0•924-1) versus the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) group. In the cohort 2, salivary Lf had also an excellent diagnostic performance in the health control group versus prodromal AD comparison: AUC 0•93 (0•876-0•989). Salivary Lf detected prodromal AD and AD dementia distinguishing them from FTD with over 87% sensitivity and 91% specificity. INTERPRETATION Salivary Lf seems to have a very good diagnostic performance to detect AD. Our findings support the possible utility of salivary Lf as a new non-invasive and cost-effective AD biomarker. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS15/00780, FIS18/00118), FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3700; NEUROMETAB-CM), and CIBERNED (PI2016/01) to E.C.; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2017-85310-R) to J.L.C., and (PSI2017-85311-P) to M.A.; International Centre on ageing CENIE-POCTEP (0348_CIE_6_E) to M.A.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE16/00021, PI17/01799), to H.B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta González-Sánchez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Puertas-Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Gómez-Grande
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Herrero-San Martín
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Martínez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - Miriam Palomar-Bonet
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain; Networked Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundacion Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Rao CV, Asch AS, Carr DJJ, Yamada HY. "Amyloid-beta accumulation cycle" as a prevention and/or therapy target for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13109. [PMID: 31981470 PMCID: PMC7059149 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle and its regulators are validated targets for cancer drugs. Reagents that target cells in a specific cell cycle phase (e.g., antimitotics or DNA synthesis inhibitors/replication stress inducers) have demonstrated success as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are drivers of cell cycle transitions. A CDK inhibitor, flavopiridol/alvocidib, is an FDA-approved drug for acute myeloid leukemia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is another serious issue in contemporary medicine. The cause of AD remains elusive, although a critical role of latent amyloid-beta accumulation has emerged. Existing AD drug research and development targets include amyloid, amyloid metabolism/catabolism, tau, inflammation, cholesterol, the cholinergic system, and other neurotransmitters. However, none have been validated as therapeutically effective targets. Recent reports from AD-omics and preclinical animal models provided data supporting the long-standing notion that cell cycle progression and/or mitosis may be a valid target for AD prevention and/or therapy. This review will summarize the recent developments in AD research: (a) Mitotic re-entry, leading to the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle," may be a prerequisite for amyloid-beta accumulation and AD pathology development; (b) AD-associated pathogens can cause cell cycle errors; (c) thirteen among 37 human AD genetic risk genes may be functionally involved in the cell cycle and/or mitosis; and (d) preclinical AD mouse models treated with CDK inhibitor showed improvements in cognitive/behavioral symptoms. If the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle is an AD drug target" concept is proven, repurposing of cancer drugs may emerge as a new, fast-track approach for AD management in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Stephenson Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
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MicroRNA-494 targets PTEN and suppresses PI3K/AKT pathway to alleviate hypertrophic scar formation. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:315-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lepanto MS, Rosa L, Paesano R, Valenti P, Cutone A. Lactoferrin in Aseptic and Septic Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071323. [PMID: 30987256 PMCID: PMC6480387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein able to chelate two ferric irons per molecule, is synthesized by exocrine glands and neutrophils. Since the first anti-microbial function attributed to Lf, several activities have been discovered, including the relevant anti-inflammatory one, especially associated to the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-6. As high levels of IL-6 are involved in iron homeostasis disorders, Lf is emerging as a potent regulator of iron and inflammatory homeostasis. Here, the role of Lf against aseptic and septic inflammation has been reviewed. In particular, in the context of aseptic inflammation, as anemia of inflammation, preterm delivery, Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes, Lf administration reduces local and/or systemic inflammation. Moreover, Lf oral administration, by decreasing serum IL-6, reverts iron homeostasis disorders. Regarding septic inflammation occurring in Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease, Lf, besides the anti-inflammatory activity, exerts a significant activity against bacterial adhesion, invasion and colonization. Lastly, a critical analysis of literature in vitro data reporting contradictory results on the Lf role in inflammatory processes, ranging from pro- to anti-inflammatory activity, highlighted that they depend on cell models, cell metabolic status, stimulatory or infecting agents as well as on Lf iron saturation degree, integrity and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy.
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Ndayisaba A, Kaindlstorfer C, Wenning GK. Iron in Neurodegeneration - Cause or Consequence? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:180. [PMID: 30881284 PMCID: PMC6405645 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis can cause neuronal damage to iron-sensitive brain regions. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation reflects a group of disorders caused by iron overload in the basal ganglia. High iron levels and iron related pathogenic triggers have also been implicated in sporadic neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Iron-induced dyshomeostasis within vulnerable brain regions is still insufficiently understood. Here, we summarize the modes of action by which iron might act as primary or secondary disease trigger in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, available treatment options targeting brain iron dysregulation and the use of iron as biomarker in prodromal stages are critically discussed to address the question of cause or consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ndayisaba
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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