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Al-Wraikat M, Zhang L, Li L, Abubaker MA, Liu Y. Recent advances in wolfberry polysaccharides and whey protein-based biopolymers for regulating the diversity of gut microbiota and its mechanism: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136401. [PMID: 39383924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Imbalances in gut microbiota diversity are associated with various health issues, including obesity and related disorders. There is a growing interest in developing synergistic biopolymers based on wolfberry polysaccharides and whey protein to address these problems due to their potential health benefits. This review explores recent advances in understanding how functional foods based on Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and whey protein (WP) influence gut microbiota diversity and their underlying mechanisms. We examine the impact of these biopolymers on microbial composition and functionality, focusing on their roles in improving health by regulating gut microbiota. The combined effects of WP and LBP significantly enhance gut microbiome metabolic activities and taxonomic diversity, offering promising avenues for treating obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Al-Wraikat
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linqiang Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed Aamer Abubaker
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang J, Li S, Zhang H, Zhang X. A review of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural-property relationships, and bioactive molecular mechanisms. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109230. [PMID: 39137472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is of great significance medicinal and edible plant, which is native to N. & Central China. The extensive health benefits of L. barbarum have earned it great respect in traditional medicine for centuries. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) being recognized as one of the most crucial bioactive compounds found within this plant, with it exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities and nutritional functions, thereby generating substantial market demand and broad application prospects. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of LBPs, the review discussed the extraction, purification and structural-property relationships of these compounds. In addition, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the potential mechanisms underlying various biological activities attributed to LBPs, including immune modulation, antioxidant effects, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and antitumor properties. The application status and the future research directions of LBPs were subsequently presented. This review will establish a robust foundation and serve as an invaluable resource for future research and advancements in the field of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Shifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Zhan K, Ma Q, Xu L, Li Y, Liu Y. Vitamin K2 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via inflammatory responses, gut barrier integrity, and the gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136091. [PMID: 39353519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K2 (VK2) has been shown to have potential benefits in improving intestinal integrity, but its potential and mechanisms for alleviating intestinal inflammation are still unclear. The present results showed that VK2 supplementation significantly alleviated the symptoms of colitis and maintained the intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, VK2 significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, while up-regulated the mRNA expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Moreover, VK2 significantly alleviated DSS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by maintaining the tight junction function. Furthermore, VK2 also regulated DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reshaping the structure of gut microbiota, such as increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Prevotellaceae, and Prevotella and reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Acetatifactor, and Alistioes. In conclusion, these results indicated that VK2 effectively alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangde City animal husbandry and veterinary aquatic services center, Xuancheng 242299, China
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Bai M, Zhou Z, Yin M, Wang M, Gao X, Zhao J. The use of metagenomic and untargeted metabolomics in the analysis of the effects of the Lycium barbarum glycopeptide on allergic airway inflammation induced by Artemesia annua pollen. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118816. [PMID: 39270881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) worldwide is high. Artemisia annua L. pollen is spread worldwide, and allergic diseases caused by its plant polysaccharides, which are closely related to the intestinal microbiota, have anti-inflammatory effects. Further isolation and purification of Lycium barbarum L. yielded its most effective component Lycium barbarum L. glycopeptide (LbGP), which can inhibit inflammation in animal models. However, its therapeutic effect on AAI and its mechanism of regulating the intestinal flora have not been fully investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore LbGP in APE-induced immunological mechanisms of AAI and the interaction mechanism of the intestinal flora and metabolites. METHODS A mouse model of AAI generated from Artemisia annua pollen was constructed, and immunological indices related to the disease were examined. A combination of macrogenomic and metabolomic analyses was used to investigate the effects of LbGP on the gut microbial and metabolite profiles of mice with airway inflammation. RESULTS LbGP effectively alleviated Artemisia. annua pollen extract (APE)-induced AAI, corrected Th1/Th2 immune dysregulation, decreased Th17 cells, increased Treg cells, and altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. LbGP treatment increased the number of OdoribacterandDuncaniella in the intestines of the mice, but the numble of Alistipes and Ruminococcus decreased. Metabolite pathway enrichment analysis were used to determine the effects of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, bile acid secretion, and pyrimidine metabolism pathways on disease. CONCLUSION Our results revealed significant changes in the macrogenome and metabolome following APE and LbGP intervention, revealed potential correlations between gut microbial species and metabolites, and highlighted the beneficial effects of LbGP on AAI through the modulation of the gut microbiome and host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- School of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Ningxia Institute of Medical Science, Yinchuan, China; Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Institute of Medical Science, Yinchuan, China; Research Center for Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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5
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Shi L, He Q, Li J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Liu Y, Sun C, Pan Y, Li X, Zhao X. Polysaccharides in fruits: Biological activities, structures, and structure-activity relationships and influencing factors-A review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139408. [PMID: 38735097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fruits are a rich source of polysaccharides, and an increasing number of studies have shown that polysaccharides from fruits have a wide range of biological functions. Here, we thoroughly review recent advances in the study of the bioactivities, structures, and structure-activity relationships of fruit polysaccharides, especially highlighting the structure-activity influencing factors such as extraction methods and chemical modifications. Different extraction methods cause differences in the primary structures of polysaccharides, which in turn lead to different polysaccharide biological activities. Differences in the degree of modification, molecular weight, substitution position, and chain conformation caused by chemical modification can all affect the biological activities of fruit polysaccharides. Furthermore, we summarize the applications of fruit polysaccharides in the fields of pharmacy and medicine, foods, cosmetics, and materials. The challenges and perspectives for fruit polysaccharide research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunlin Cao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fan YN, Chi X, Yan L, Pu ZY, Yang JJ, Zhang YN. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides regulate the gut microbiota to modulate metabolites in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:1115-1129. [PMID: 38952165 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2355130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) can benefit lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein levels and upregulate the level of Firmicutes, increase the diversity of gut microbiota and reduce metabolic disorders, finally relieving weight gain of obese rats. But it cannot reverse the outcome of obesity. Over 30 differential metabolites and four pathways are altered by LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xi Chi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Pu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Gura K, Duro D, Pai N, Sandell A, Sankararaman S, Quiros-Tejeira R, Herdes R, Deas J, Wang L. From the kitchen to the medicine cabinet: Examples of functional herbs and spices. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 79:473-484. [PMID: 38979686 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In many cultures, "food as medicine" has existed for centuries as the foundation of health. It is a practice built on the knowledge that food and diet play important roles in disease prevention and management. Foods possessing therapeutic properties are often referred to as functional foods. Many herbs and spices contain numerous nutritional and non-nutritional components that can interact with pharmacologically relevant receptors, either directly or indirectly via their metabolites, to regulate cellular biochemical processes. Although opinions are changing, the concept of food as a therapeutic intervention goes against conventional Western medicine. To provide guidance to clinicians interested in using these products, members of the Food as Medicine working group of the Nutrition Committee NASPGHAN, as part of a two-part review series, have identified frequently used foods, supplements, herbs, and spices that are utilized for therapeutic intent and have created summaries of commonly used indications, doses, and caveats. In this review, the focus is the use of select herbs and spices for medicinal purposes. Gaps in our knowledge in how to effectively use these agents in pediatric patients are discussed. Evidence supporting their use for management of gastrointestinal conditions, especially in the pediatric population, is provided when available. Circumstances in clinical settings and patient indications may require actions different from those recommended in this review and professional judgment should prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Gura
- Department of Pharmacy/Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debora Duro
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Salah Foundation Children Hospital at Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Clinical Pediatrics at NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale FL and Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nikhil Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Sandell
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition. UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rubén Quiros-Tejeira
- Pediatric Gatroentoerology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rachel Herdes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica Deas
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lin Q, Zhou H, Zeng J, Zeng M, Kraithong S, Xia X, Kuang W, Zhang X, Zhong S, Huang R. Bioactive polysaccharides mediate ferroptosis to modulate tumor immunotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135147. [PMID: 39214195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from diverse origins exhibit notable bioactivities, particularly their capacity to exert antitumor and immune-enhancing effects. Concurrently, ferroptosis emerges as a distinctive form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, potentially influencing the demise of specific tumor cells and organismal homeostasis. Recent scholarly attention has increasingly focused on utilizing polysaccharides to modulate tumor cell ferroptosis and manipulate cellular immune responses. This article provides an in-depth analysis of contemporary research concerning using polysaccharides to augment antitumor immunity and combat malignancies. Central to our discourse is examining the pivotal role of polysaccharides in mediating ferroptosis, bolstering immune surveillance, and elucidating the interplay between polysaccharides and antitumor immunity. Furthermore, a comprehensive synthesis of the multifaceted roles of polysaccharides in antitumor and immunomodulatory contexts is provided. Recent advances in understanding how polysaccharides enhance immune function by inducing ferroptosis cell death are explained. Lastly, unresolved inquiries are outlined, and potential avenues for future research are proposed, focusing on the translational applications of polysaccharides in antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Jinzi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Supaluck Kraithong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiyang Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Jeong E, Eun S, Chae S, Lee S. Prebiotic Potential of Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) in Improving Intestinal Integrity and Inflammatory Profiles via Modification of the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. J Med Food 2024; 27:704-712. [PMID: 38949912 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Imbalances in gut microbiota and subsequent destabilization of intestinal barrier equilibrium have been related to the evolution of metabolic disorders. Goji berries (Lycium barbarum; GB) and their fermented counterpart (FGB) have been identified for their prebiotic capacity in managing intestinal barrier functions and inflammatory profiles Consequently, this research was designed to investigate the effects of supplementing GB and FGB on intestinal integrity, inflammation, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota in high-fat (HF)-fed rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, 8 per group) were divided into four categories based on their weight and provided with either respective diets over a 6-week period: low-fat (LF; 10% of calories from fat), HF (45% of calories from fat), and HF diets supplemented with either GB or FGB at a 2% (w/w). Results: Supplementation of GB and FGB resulted in compositional changes in the gut microbiota, denoted by a distinct abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with GB and Akkermansia muciniphila species with FGB, which have been linked to ameliorated obesity phenotypes and metabolic parameters. These alterations were correlated with enhancements in gut barrier integrity, thereby protecting against local and systemic inflammation induced by a HF diet. Supplementation with GB and FGB also mitigated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through inhibition of its downstream pathway. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both GB and FGB supplementation can improve gut barrier function and inflammatory profiles in HF-fed rats via modulation of the microbial composition of the gut, supporting the potential application of GB and FGB in improving gut barrier function and managing inflammation amid metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Jeong
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sungjin Eun
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Korea
| | - Seoyeon Chae
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sunhye Lee
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Korea
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10
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Guo Y, Zhao X, Xiao S, Lin Y, Xiao Z, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Impact of molecular weight and gastrointestinal digestion on the immunomodulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133500. [PMID: 38944071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Lycium barbarum is of rich medicinal value, and its polysaccharides are particularly interesting due to their significant pharmacological effects and potential health benefits. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) by examining their interaction with the TLR4/MD-2 complex and the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion on these interactions. We discovered that the affinity binding of LBPs for TLR4/MD-2 and their cytokine induction capability are influenced by molecular weight, with medium-sized LBPs (100-300 kDa) exhibiting stronger binding affinity and induction capability. Conversely, LBPs smaller than 10 kDa showed reduced activity. Additionally, the content of arabinose and galactose within the LBPs fractions was found to correlate positively with both receptor affinity and cytokine secretion. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion resulted in the degradation of LBPs into smaller fragments that are rich in glucose. Although these fragments exhibited decreased binding affinity to the TLR4/MD-2 complex, they maintained their activity to promote cytokine production. Our findings highlight the significance of molecular weight and specific monosaccharide composition in the immunomodulatory function of LBPs and emphasize the influence of gastrointestinal digestion on the effects of LBPs. This research contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides and their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Guo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueru Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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11
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Wu Q, Yan H, Kang Z. A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the Pharmacological Mechanisms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:987-1011. [PMID: 38879747 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2450040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Conventional treatment options for TNBC often have limited efficacy and significant side effects. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown promising results in the treatment of TNBC. TCMs include herb combinations that have synergistic effects to regulate homeostasis in the body, reduce tumor resistance, and improve patient quality of life. At present, three main TCM methods are used to treat TNBC in the clinic: strengthening the body's resistance, dispelling phlegm, and removing cancer toxins. This paper reviews the theories and mechanisms of each in TNBC treatment. The method of strengthening the body's resistance emphasizes enhancing the body's original Qi to fight against pathogenic factors; the method of dispelling phlegm seeks to eliminate phlegm stagnation and alleviate the burden on affected organs; the method of removing cancer toxins focuses on detoxification and detumescence to remove the toxic elements associated with TNBC. Although these methods treat TNBC from different etiologies, they have achieved good therapeutic effects and represent an important academic approach: That is, to cure the disease with a comprehensive view of the body and restore the balance of Yin and Yang. This knowledge lays a foundation for the future development and reasonable application of TCM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongkai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang L, Wu Z, Kang M, Wang J, Tan B. Utilization of Ningxiang pig milk oligosaccharides by Akkermansia muciniphila in vitro fermentation: enhancing neonatal piglet survival. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430276. [PMID: 38933035 PMCID: PMC11199860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), an intestinal symbiont residing in the mucosal layer, shows promise as a probiotic. Our previous study found that the abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly higher in Ningxiang suckling piglets compared to other breeds, suggesting that early breast milk may play a crucial role. This study examines A. muciniphila's ability to utilize Ningxiang pig milk oligosaccharides. We discovered that A. muciniphila can thrive on both Ningxiang pig colostrum and purified pig milk oligosaccharides. Genetic analysis has shown that A. muciniphila harbors essential glycan-degrading enzymes, enabling it to effectively break down a broad spectrum of oligosaccharides. Our findings demonstrate that A. muciniphila can degrade pig milk oligosaccharides structures such as 3'-FL, 3'-SL, LNT, and LNnT, producing short-chain fatty acids in the process. The hydrolysis of these host-derived glycan structures enhances A. muciniphila's symbiotic interactions with other beneficial gut bacteria, contributing to a dynamic microbial ecological network. The capability of A. muciniphila to utilize pig milk oligosaccharides allows it to establish itself in the intestines of newborn piglets, effectively colonizing the mucosal layer early in life. This early colonization is key in supporting both mucosal and metabolic health, which is critical for enhancing piglet survival during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Zichen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Kang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, China
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13
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Zhuang J, Chen Q, Xu L, Qiao D, Chen X. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide mitigated methamphetamine addiction and altered methamphetamine-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:958-969. [PMID: 38528319 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive mental stimulant, and MA abuse remains a significant public health problem worldwide, while effective treatment options are limited. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a major effective component extracted from Lycium barbarum, has potential health-promoting effects on the nervous system; however, its role in MA dependence remains unclear. In this study, the conditioned place preference (CPP) of MA addiction in adult male mice was established to detect changes in gut microbiota profiles after LBP treatment through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results found that LBP administration could alleviate MA-induced CPP and hyperactivity. Interestingly, LBP improved MA-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing some beneficial autochthonous genus abundances, such as Allobaculum, Gordonibacter, and Ileibacterium. MA exposure induced the co-occurrence network of intestinal microbiota to become weaker and more unstable when compared with the control group, while LBP changed the above effects when compared with the MA group. Bacterial gene function prediction showed that amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, and short-chain fatty acid metabolism were enriched. These findings reveal that LBP might regulate MA-induced gut microbiota and behavior changes, which showed potential therapeutic applicability in treating MA addiction by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshen Zhuang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qianling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Cheng Y, Tian S, Chen Y, Xie J, Hu X, Wang Y, Xie J, Huang H, Yang C, Si J, Yu Q. Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128877. [PMID: 38134995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, the major active ingredient and quality control indicator of Polygomatum cyrtonema are in need of elucidation for its in vitro fermentation characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics of the homogeneous Polygomatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP-80 %) and its effects on human intestinal bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during the in vitro fermentation. The results revealed that PCP-80 % was yielded in 10.44 % and the molecular weight was identified to be 4.1 kDa. PCP-80 % exhibited a smooth, porous, irregular sheet structure and provided good thermal stability. The analysis of Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) suggested that PCP-80 % contained six glycosidic bonds, with 2,1-linked-Fruf residues accounted for a largest proportion. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provided additional evidence that the partial structure of PCP-80 % probably consists of →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → as the main chain, accompanied by side chains dominated by →6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→. Besides, PCP-80 % promoted the production of SCFAs and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium during in vitro colonic fermentation, which changed the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These findings indicated that Polygomatum cyrtonema polysaccharides were able to modulate the structure and composition of the intestinal bacteria flora and had potential probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shenglan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiayan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chaoran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jingyu Si
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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15
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Hu Z, Liu J, Xu H, Tian L, Liu D. Exploring the mechanism of Lycium barbarum fruit cell wall polysaccharide remodeling reveals potential pectin accumulation contributors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128958. [PMID: 38154707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The level of polysaccharides in the mature Lycium barbarum fruit (LBF) cell wall depends on their metabolism, trafficking, and reassembly within the cell. In this study, we examined the composition, content, and ultrastructure of the cell wall polysaccharides of LBF during maturation, and further analyzed cell wall polysaccharide remodeling using isotope tagging with relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics. The results showed that the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose tended to increase in the pre-maturation stage and decrease in the later stage, while pectin level increased before fruit maturing. The differential expression of the 54 proteins involved in the metabolic pathways for glucose, fructose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose was found to be responsible for these alterations. The work provides a biological framework for the reorganization of polysaccharides in the LBF cell wall, and supports the hypothesis that pectic polysaccharide glycosyl donors come from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and isomorphic pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Ningxia University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingli Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Ningxia University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
| | - Dunhua Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Ningxia University, 750021 Yinchuan, China.
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16
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Guan Y, Tang G, Li L, Shu J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Tang J. Herbal medicine and gut microbiota: exploring untapped therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease management. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:146-164. [PMID: 38225532 PMCID: PMC10830735 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that exists in the human gastrointestinal tract is incredibly important for the maintenance of general health as it contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology. Recent research has revealed a dynamic connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, that can influence neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases, particularly NDs. Herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat human diseases, including NDs. These compounds help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of NDs by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing neuroinflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter production. Notably, herbal medicine can mitigate the progression of NDs by regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanisms by which herbal medicine regulates the gut microbiota in the treatment of NDs can help explain the pathogenesis of NDs from a novel perspective and propose novel therapeutic strategies for NDs. In this review, we investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of herbal medicine, focusing on its ability to regulate the gut microbiota and restore homeostasis. We also highlight the challenges and future research priorities of the integration of herbal medicine and modern medicine. As the global population ages, access to this information is becoming increasingly important for developing effective treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Guan
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Guohua Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianzhong Shu
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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17
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Xie W, Chen HG, Chen RH, Zhao C, Gong XJ, Zhou X. Intervention effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on lead-induced kidney injury mice and its mechanism: A study based on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117197. [PMID: 37722516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional medicinal application of Lycium barbarum is centered on the improvement of eyesight, as well as the nourishment of liver and kidney functions. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), serving as the principal active constituent of Lycium barbarum, has been identified as the main contributor to these beneficial effects. Previous studies have indicated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide exhibits a renoprotective effect against lead-induced injury, but its mechanism and efficacy remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of LBP in preventing lead-induced renal injury and investigate both the toxic mechanism of lead-induced renal injury and the efficacy mechanism of LBP against it, with a focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The drug effect and mechanism of LBP on lead-induced kidney injury were investigated by administering positive drugs and LBP to mice with established lead-induced kidney injury. RESULTS The renal function of mice with lead-induced renal injury was significantly restored, renal tissue lesions and renal mitochondrial damage were delayed, a disorder of hematological parameters induced by lead was improved, the increase of lead-induced renal index was reduced, and the body weight of mice with lead-induced renal injury was increased by the LBP intervention, as revealed by the results of pharmacodynamic experiments. Based on PI3K /AKT /mTOR signaling pathway, the toxic mechanism of lead-induced kidney injury and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of LBP against lead-induced kidney injury were studied. The results showed that lead could activate the TLR4 receptor, and then activate PI3K /AKT /mTOR signaling pathway, inhibit autophagy of kidney tissue cells, and enhance apoptosis of kidney tissue cells to induce kidney injury; LBP inhibits the activation of TLR4 receptor, which in turn inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, enhances the autophagy of kidney tissue cells, reduces the apoptosis of kidney tissues, and delays lead-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ru-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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18
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Yan W, Luo J, Yu Z, Xu B. A critical review on intestinal mucosal barrier protection effects of dietary polysaccharides. Food Funct 2024; 15:481-492. [PMID: 38197139 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that dietary polysaccharides, which are widely present in natural foods, have an important impact on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dietary polysaccharides can maintain the intestinal barrier function through multiple mechanisms. The intestinal barrier is composed of mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological barriers, and dietary polysaccharides, as a bioactive component, can promote and regulate these four barriers. Dietary polysaccharides can enhance the expression of tight junction proteins and mucins such as occludin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) between intestinal epithelial cells, inhibit inflammatory response and oxidative stress, increase the growth of beneficial bacteria, produce beneficial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and promote the proliferation and metabolism of immune cells. Given the critical role of the intestinal mucosal system in health and disease, the protective effects of dietary polysaccharides may be potentially valuable for the prevention and treatment of gut-related diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to further study the mechanism and application prospects of the intestinal mucosal barrier derived from plant, animal, fungal and bacterial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Yan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, China.
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, China.
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, China.
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19
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Sparfel L, Ratodiarivony S, Boutet-Robinet E, Ellero-Simatos S, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Akkermansia muciniphila and Alcohol-Related Liver Diseases. A Systematic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300510. [PMID: 38059838 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) are Gram negative commensal bacteria, degrading mucin in the intestinal mucosa, modulating intestinal permeability and inflammation in the digestive tract, liver, and blood. Some components can promote the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in the gut microbiota, but lower levels of A. muciniphila are more commonly found in people with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndromes, or inflammatory digestive diseases. Over-intake of ethanol can also induce a decrease of A. muciniphila, associated with dysregulation of microbial metabolite production, impaired intestinal permeability, induction of chronic inflammation, and production of cytokines. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a PRISMA search strategy, a review is performed on the bacteriological characteristics of A. muciniphila, the factors capable of modulating its relative abundance in the digestive tract and its probiotic use in alcohol-related liver diseases (alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic transplantation, partial hepatectomy). CONCLUSION Several studies have shown that supplementation with A. muciniphila can improve ethanol-related hepatic pathologies, and highlight the interest in using this bacterial species as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Sandy Ratodiarivony
- Univ Rennes, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- Univ Rennes, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, F-35000, France
- Teaching Hospital, CHU Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux 35033, Rennes, F-35000, France
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), U1241, INSERM 1241, Rennes, F-35000, France
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20
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Li ZY, Lin LH, Liang HJ, Li YQ, Zhao FQ, Sun TY, Liu ZY, Zhu JY, Gu F, Xu JN, Hao QY, Zhou DS, Zhai HH. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide alleviates DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota. Ann Med 2023; 55:2290213. [PMID: 38061697 PMCID: PMC10836275 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2290213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the protective effects and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) in the context of intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were assigned to a standard normal diet without DSS (control group), a normal diet with DSS (DSS group, 2% DSS given discontinuously for 3 weeks) or a normal diet supplemented with LBP (1% dry feed weight, LBP group, 2% DSS given discontinuously for 3 weeks) for a total of 8 weeks, at which point colonic tissues and caecal contents were collected. RESULTS LBP exerted a significant effect against colitis by increasing body weight, colon length, DAI and histopathological scores. LBP inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and TNF-α) expression, improved anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) expression, promoted the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1) via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and decreased Claudin-2 expression to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier. In addition, the abundances of some probiotics (Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus, and Akkermansia) were decreased with DSS treatment but increased obviously with LBP treatment. And LBP reduced the abundance of conditional pathogens associated with UC (Mucispirillum and Sutterella). Furthermore, LBP improved the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isobutyric acid. CONCLUSION LBP can alleviate DSS-induced UC by regulating inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. Moreover, LBP promotes probiotics, suppresses conditional pathogens and increases SCFAs production, showing a strong prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Hui Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Jun Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Qian Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Yi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Shan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hong Zhai
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang H, Li H, Li Z, Feng L, Peng L. Evaluation of Prebiotic Activity of Stellariae Radix Polysaccharides and Its Effects on Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4843. [PMID: 38004237 PMCID: PMC10675217 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides derived from Stellariae Radix (SRPs) and explore their influence on the gut microbiota composition in mice. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum were cultivated in an MRS medium, while their growth kinetics, clumping behavior, sugar utilization, pH variation, growth density, and probiotic index were meticulously monitored. Additionally, the impact of crude Stellariae Radix polysaccharides (CSRP) on the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in mice was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the remarkable ability of CSRPs to stimulate the proliferation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the oral administration of CSRPs to mice led to a noticeable increase in beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent decrease in detrimental bacterial populations within the intestinal flora. These findings provided an initial validation of CSRPs as a promising agent in maintaining the equilibrium of gut microbiota in mice, thereby offering a substantial theoretical foundation for developing Stellariae Radix as a prebiotic ingredient in various applications, including food, healthcare products, and animal feed. Furthermore, this study presented novel insights for the exploration and utilization of Stellariae Radix resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
- College of Resource and Environment and Life Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Haishan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhenkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
- Ningxia Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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22
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Huang W, Wang J, Kuang M, Xiao Z, Fan B, Sun G, Tan Z. Exploring global research status and trends in anti-obesity effects of traditional Chinese medicine through intestinal microbiota: a bibliometric study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1271473. [PMID: 38045760 PMCID: PMC10690589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1271473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota (IM) has been found to contribute to metabolic disorders that lead to excessive fat accumulation, systemic and chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in the host. Current research highlights a pivotal interaction between IM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitigating obesity-related diseases. Undeniably, IM stands as a central focus in TCM research aimed at preventing and treating obesity. Therefore, tracing the progress and trends in this field can offer valuable references and insights for future studies. Methods On June 17, 2023, we conducted a literature search on the topic of "IM and obesity in TCM" spanning the period from 2009 to 2023. We extracted the primary information of the publications, which includes complete records and reference citations, from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To visualize and analyze the literature, we utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis. Results During the past fifteen years, a rapid increase in the number of publications has been observed. The cooperative networks demonstrate China, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Food & Function as the most active countries, organizations, and journals in this field, respectively. Liu Bin has contributed the most publications. A paper by Xu Jia, published in 2014, holds the highest Local Citation Score (LCS). Analyses of keyword co-occurrence and reference co-citation indicate that the research hotspots of IM and obesity in TCM are primarily focused on the metabolic benefits driven by endogenous functional metabolic molecules generated by TCM regulation of IM. Other focal points include the mechanism by which TCM regulates IM to restore the intestinal mucosal barrier This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article, and manages the gut-organ axis, the metabolic advantages of acupuncture's regulation of IM, and the process by which Chinese medicine small molecules transform IM. Conclusion This research offers a comprehensive understanding of the current status, hotspots, and trends in global TCM research. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary and exploration of the latest advancements in this field, thereby emphasizing the essence of TCM more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guixiang Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Zhang H, Wu J, Li N, Wu R, Chen W. Microbial influence on triggering and treatment of host cancer: An intestinal barrier perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188989. [PMID: 37742727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with complex complications that may lead to tumors. However, research on the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to chronic immune diseases and cancer pathogenesis triggered by the inflammatory environment remains limited. An imbalance in the host gut microbiota often accompanies intestinal inflammation. The delayed recovery of the dysregulated intestinal microbiota may exacerbate systemic inflammatory responses, multiorgan pathology, and metabolic disorders. This delay may also facilitate bacterial translocation. This review examined the relationship between gut barrier disruption and unbalanced microbial translocation and their impact on the brain, liver, and lungs. We also explored their potential roles in tumor initiation. Notably, the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of inflammation is linked to the immune surveillance function of the small intestine and the repair status of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, adherence to a partially anti-inflammatory diet can aid in preventing the malignant transformation of inflammation by repairing the intestinal barrier and significantly reducing inflammation. In conclusion, enhancing intestinal barrier function may be a novel strategy for preventing and treating chronic malignancies in the intestine and other body areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, PR China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Children's Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shenyang Children's Hospital, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Xie Z, Jiang N, Lin M, He X, Li B, Dong Y, Chen S, Lv G. The Mechanisms of Polysaccharides from Tonic Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Enhancement Immune Function: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7355. [PMID: 37959774 PMCID: PMC10648855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonic Chinese herbal medicine is a type of traditional Chinese medicine, and its primary function is to restore the body's lost nutrients, improve activity levels, increase disease resistance, and alleviate physical exhaustion. The body's immunity can be strengthened by its polysaccharide components, which also have a potent immune-system-protecting effect. Several studies have demonstrated that tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides can improve the body's immune response to tumor cells, viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which various polysaccharides used in tonic Chinese herbal medicine enhance immune function vary. This study examines the regulatory effects of different tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides on immune organs, immune cells, and immune-related cytokines. It explores the immune response mechanism to understand the similarities and differences in the effects of tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides on immune function and to lay the foundation for the future development of tonic Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Minqiu Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Mora-Flores LP, Moreno-Terrazas Casildo R, Fuentes-Cabrera J, Pérez-Vicente HA, de Anda-Jáuregui G, Neri-Torres EE. The Role of Carbohydrate Intake on the Gut Microbiome: A Weight of Evidence Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1728. [PMID: 37512899 PMCID: PMC10385781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Carbohydrates are the most important source of nutritional energy for the human body. Carbohydrate digestion, metabolism, and their role in the gut microbiota modulation are the focus of multiple studies. The objective of this weight of evidence systematic review is to investigate the potential relationship between ingested carbohydrates and the gut microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels. (2) Methods: Weight of evidence and information value techniques were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary carbohydrates and the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota. (3) Results: The obtained results show that the types of carbohydrates that have a high information value are: soluble fiber with Bacteroides increase, insoluble fiber with Bacteroides and Actinobacteria increase, and Firmicutes decrease. Oligosaccharides with Lactobacillus increase and Enterococcus decrease. Gelatinized starches with Prevotella increase. Starches and resistant starches with Blautia decrease and Firmicutes increase. (4) Conclusions: This work provides, for the first time, an integrative review of the subject by using statistical techniques that have not been previously employed in microbiota reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Mora-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
| | - Rubén Moreno-Terrazas Casildo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
| | - José Fuentes-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alexer Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
| | - Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Programa de Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Elier Ekberg Neri-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Industrial y de Alimentos-Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
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Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Mu W, Zhao C. Synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides and their potential health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10319-10331. [PMID: 37341126 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides, a low polymerization degree of carbohydrate, possess various physiological activities, such as anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-aging, anti-viral, and gut microbiota regulation, having a widely used in food and medical fields. However, due to the limited natural oligosaccharides, many un-natural oligosaccharides from complex polysaccharides are being studied for amplifying the available pool of oligosaccharides. More recently, various oligosaccharides were developed by using several artificial strategies, such as chemical degradation, enzyme catalysis, and biosynthesis, then they can be applied in various sectors. Moreover, it has gradually become a trend to use biosynthesis to realize the synthesis of oligosaccharides with clear structure. Emerging research has found that un-natural oligosaccharides exert more comprehensive effects against various human diseases through multiple mechanisms. However, these oligosaccharides from various routes have not been critical reviewed and summarized. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the various routes of oligosaccharides preparations and healthy effects, with a focus on diabetes, obesity, aging, virus, and gut microbiota. Additionally, the application of multi-omics for these natural and un-natural oligosaccharides has also been discussed. Especially, the multi-omics are needed to apply in various disease models to find out various biomarkers to respond to the dynamic change process of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ruan Y, Yuan PP, Li PY, Chen Y, Fu Y, Gao LY, Wei YX, Zheng YJ, Li SF, Feng WS, Zheng XK. Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction ameliorates asthma in vivo and in vitro from lung to intestine by modifying NO-CO metabolic disorder mediated inflammation, immune imbalance, cellular barrier damage, oxidative stress and intestinal bacterial disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116503. [PMID: 37116727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Current treatment of mainstream medications has significant side effects. There is growing evidence that the refractoriness of asthma is closely related to common changes in the lung and intestine. The lungs and intestines, as sites of frequent gas exchange in the body, are widely populated with gas signaling molecules NO and CO, which constitute NO-CO metabolism and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma in the lung and intestine. The Chinese herbal formula Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TD) is commonly used in clinical practice to treat asthma with good efficacy, but there are few systematic evaluations of the efficacy of asthma on NO-CO metabolism, and the mode of action of its improving effect on the lung and intestine is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of TD on the lung and intestine of asthmatic rats based on NO-CO metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, we established a rat asthma model by intraperitoneal injection of sensitizing solution with OVA atomization, followed by intervention by gavage administration of TD. We simultaneously examined alterations in basal function, pathology, NO-CO metabolism, inflammation and immune cell homeostasis in the lungs and intestines of asthmatic rats, and detected changes in intestinal flora by macrogenome sequencing technology, with a view to multi-angle evaluation of the treatment effects of TD on asthmatic rats. In vitro, lung cells BEAS-2B and intestinal cells NCM-460 were used to establish a model of lung injury causing intestinal injury using LPS and co-culture chambers, and lung cells or intestinal cells TD-containing serum was administered to intervene. Changes in inflammatory, NO-CO metabolism-related, cell barrier-related and oxidative stress indicators were measured in lung cells and intestinal cells to evaluate TD on intestinal injury by way of amelioration and in-depth mechanism. RESULTS In vivo, our results showed significant basal functional impairment in the lung and intestine of asthmatic rats, and an inflammatory response, immune cell imbalance and intestinal flora disturbance elicited by NO-CO metabolic disorders were observed (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The administration of TD was shown to deliver a multidimensional amelioration of the impairment induced by NO-CO metabolic disorders (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In vitro, the results showed that LPS-induced lung cells BEAS-2B injury could cause NO-CO metabolic disorder-induced inflammatory response, cell permeability damage and oxidative stress damage in intestinal cells NCM-460 (P < 0.01). The ameliorative effect on intestinal cells NCM-460 could only be exerted when TD-containing serum interfered with lung cells BEAS-2B (P < 0.01), suggesting that the intestinal ameliorative effect of TD may be exerted indirectly through the lung. CONCLUSION TD can ameliorate NO-CO metabolism in the lung and thus achieve the indirectly amelioration of NO-CO metabolism in the intestine, ultimately achieving co-regulation of lung and intestinal inflammation, immune imbalance, cellular barrier damage, oxidative stress and intestinal bacterial disorders in asthma in vivo and in vitro. Targeting lung and intestinal NO-CO metabolic disorders in asthma may be a new therapeutic idea and strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Pan-Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Li-Yuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ya-Xin Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ya-Juan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Sai-Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R., Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R., Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Wang W, Jia R, Hui Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Liu Y, Song Y, Wang B. Utilization of two plant polysaccharides to improve fresh goat milk cheese: Texture, rheological properties, and microstructure characterization. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3900-3917. [PMID: 37080791 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of added jujube polysaccharide (JP) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the texture, rheological properties, and microstructure of goat milk cheese. Seven groups of fresh goat milk cheese were produced with 4 levels (0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1%, wt/wt) of JP and LBP. The goat milk cheese containing 1% JP showed the highest water-holding capacity, hardness, and the strongest rheological properties by creating a denser and more stable casein network structure. In addition, the yield of goat milk cheese was substantially improved as a result of JP incorporation. Cheeses containing LBP expressed lower fat content, higher moisture, and softer texture compared with the control cheese. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that the addition of JP improved the stability of the secondary protein structure in cheese and significantly enhanced the binding capacity of the casein matrix to water molecules due to strengthened intermolecular interactions. The current research demonstrated the potential feasibility of modifying the texture of goat milk cheese by JP or LBP, available for developing tunable goat milk cheese to satisfy consumer preferences and production needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Rong Jia
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hui
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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Lycium barbarum Berries (Solanaceae) as Source of Bioactive Compounds for Healthy Purposes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054777. [PMID: 36902206 PMCID: PMC10003350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is a species widely used in dietary supplements and natural healthcare products. The berries, also known as goji or wolfberries, mostly grow in China, but recent reports on their outstanding bioactive properties have increased their popularity and cultivation around the world. Goji berries are a remarkable source of phenolic compounds (such as phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, organic acids, carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), and vitamins (ascorbic acid). Several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anticancer activities, have been associated with its consumption. Hence, goji berries were highlighted as an excellent source of functional ingredients with promising applications in food and nutraceutical fields. This review aims to summarize the phytochemical composition and biological activities, along with various industrial applications, of L. barbarum berries. Simultaneously, the valorization of goji berries by-products, with its associated economic advantages, will be emphasized and explored.
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30
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Wu W, Li Q, Chen H, Fang X, Niu B, Liu R, Mu H, Gao H. In vitro fermentation characteristics of the dietary fiber in bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots and its regulatory effects on the intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Food Chem 2023; 404:134707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wang Y, Shen H, Pang L, Qiu B, Yuan Y, Guan X, Xiang X. Qihuang Granule protects the retinal pigment epithelium from oxidative stress via regulation of the alternative complement pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36800952 PMCID: PMC9938598 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in elderly people, and dry AMD is the most common type of AMD. Oxidative stress and alternative complement pathway activation may play essential roles in the pathogenesis of dry AMD. There are no available drugs for dry AMD. Qihuang Granule (QHG) is an herbal formula for the treatment of dry AMD, and it achieves a good clinical effect in our hospital. However, its potential mechanism is unclear. Our study investigated the effects of QHG on oxidative stress-associated retinal damage to reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS Oxidative stress models were established using H2O2 and NaIO3 in ARPE-19 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Cell apoptosis and viability were assessed using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Alterations in the mouse retinal structure were evaluated using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of complement factor H (CFH), complement component 3a (C3a) and complement component 5a (C5a) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and mice was measured using RT‒PCR, Western blot analysis and ELISA. RESULTS Pretreatment with QHG significantly prevented cell apoptosis and disorder of the RPE and inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) in H2O2-treated RPE cells and NaIO3-injected mice. QHG alleviated mitochondrial damage in mouse RPE cells, as shown by TEM. QHG also promoted CFH expression and inhibited the expression of C3a and C5a. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that QHG protects the retinal pigment epithelium from oxidative stress, likely by regulating the alternative complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Long Pang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bo Qiu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Xiaoying Guan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Clinical college of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xiaolan Xiang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Clinical college of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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Khakpour S, Hojjati M, Jooyandeh H, Noshad M. Microwave-assisted extraction, optimization, structural characterization, and functional properties of polysaccharides from Crataegus azarolus seeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang H, Li Y, Dai Y, Ma L, Di D, Liu J. Screening, structural characterization and anti-adipogenesis effect of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. by an activity-oriented approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Niu Y, Zhang G, Sun X, He S, Dou G. Distinct Role of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides in Oxidative Stress-Related Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:215. [PMID: 37259363 PMCID: PMC9966716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the increased production of reactive species and reduced antioxidant activity, which can cause a variety of disturbances including ocular diseases. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are complex polysaccharides isolated from the fruit of L. barbarum, showing distinct roles in antioxidants. Moreover, it is relatively safe and non-toxic. In recent years, the antioxidant activities of LBPs have attracted remarkable attention. In order to illustrate its significance and underlying therapeutic value for vision, we comprehensively review the recent progress on the antioxidant mechanisms of LBP and its potential applications in ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive neuroretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guoheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shikun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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The Roles of Polysaccharides in Carp Farming: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020244. [PMID: 36670784 PMCID: PMC9854610 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carp is an important aquaculture species globally, and the production is expected to increase with the growing market demands. Despite that, disease outbreaks remain a major challenge, impeding the development of sustainable carp farming. Moreover, the application of antibiotics, a common prophylactic agent, can adversely impact public health and the environment. Therefore, polysaccharide has been recognized as a novel prophylactic agent in the health management of carp farming, as well as gaining consumers' confidence in carp farming products. In this review, the definition, sources, and main roles of polysaccharides in improving growth performance, stimulating the immune system, enhancing disease resistance, and alleviating abiotic stresses in carp farming are discussed and summarized. In addition, the use of polysaccharides in combination with other prophylactic agents to improve carp farming production is also highlighted. This review aims to highlight the roles of polysaccharides and provide valuable information on the benefits of polysaccharides in carp farming.
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Rousseaux A, Brosseau C, Bodinier M. Immunomodulation of B Lymphocytes by Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: Application in Pathologies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020269. [PMID: 36678140 PMCID: PMC9863037 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are known to have major beneficial effects on human health due to their ability to modify the composition and the function of the gut mucosa, the gut microbiota and the immune system. These components largely function in a healthy population throughout different periods of life to confer homeostasis. Indeed, they can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota by increasing bacteria strands that are beneficial for health, such as Firmicute and Bifidobacteria, and decreasing harmful bacteria, such as Enteroccocus. Their immunomodulation properties have been extensively studied in different innate cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes) and adaptive cells (Th, Treg, B cells). They can confer a protolerogenic environment but also modulate pro-inflammatory responses. Due to all these beneficial effects, these compounds have been investigated to prevent or to treat different diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, allergies, autoimmune diseases, etc. Regarding the literature, the effects of these components on dendritic cells, monocytes and T cells have been studied and presented in a number of reviews, but their impact on B-cell response has been less widely discussed. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we propose here a review of the literature on the immunomodulation of B-lymphocytes response by prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, both in healthy conditions and in pathologies. DISCUSSION Promising studies have been performed in animal models, highlighting the potential of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics intake to treat or to prevent diseases associated with B-cell immunomodulation, but this needs to be validated in humans with a full characterization of B-cell subsets and not only the humoral response.
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Zou X, Cai J, Xiao J, Zhang M, Jia X, Dong L, Hu K, Yi Y, Zhang R, Huang F. Purification, Characterization and Bioactivity of Different Molecular-Weight Fractions of Polysaccharide Extracted from Litchi Pulp. Foods 2023; 12:194. [PMID: 36613408 PMCID: PMC9818915 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi polysaccharides are a kind of macromolecular polymers with various biological activities and a wide range of molecular weights. In this study, two separate fractions, with average molecular weights of 378.67 kDa (67.33%) and 16.96 kDa (6.95%), which were referred to as LP1 and LP2, respectively, were separated using an ultrafiltration membrane. Their physicochemical properties, and immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity were compared. The results revealed that LP2 contained more neutral sugar, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose, but less uronic acid, protein, mannose and glucose than LP1. Compared with LP1, LP2 possessed higher solubility and lower apparent viscosity. LP2 exhibited stronger stimulation on macrophage secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as better proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. These results suggest that an ultrafiltration membrane might be used to prepare a highly-active polysaccharide fraction from litchi pulp that may be used for food or drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiaxin Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Food Science School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jiaxi Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Food Science School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zeng J, Yang K, Nie H, Yuan L, Wang S, Zeng L, Ge A, Ge J. The mechanism of intestinal microbiota regulating immunity and inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical active ingredients in regulating intestinal microbiota: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114026. [PMID: 36436491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem, known as the "second genome" of human beings. With the widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS), especially 16 S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of intestinal microbiota is associated with many central nervous system diseases. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Brain damage in IS affects intestinal function, and intestinal dysfunction further aggravates brain damage, forming a vicious circle of mutual interference in pathology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis study based on the intestinal microbiota has opened up broader ideas for exploring its pathogenesis and risk factors, and also provided more possibilities for the selection of therapeutic targets for this type of drug. This review discussed the application of NGS technology in the study of intestinal microbiota and the research progress of microbiota-gut-brain axis in recent years, and systematically sorts out the literature on the relationship between ischemic stroke and intestinal microbiota. It starts with the characteristics of microbiota-gut-brain axis' bidirectional regulation, respectively discusses the high risk factors of IS under intestinal microbiota imbalance and the physiological and pathological changes of intestinal microbiota after IS, and summarizes the related targets, in order to provide reliable reference for the treatment of IS from intestinal microbiota. In addition, natural botanical active ingredients have achieved good results in the treatment of IS based on regulating the homeostasis of gut microbiota, providing new evidence for studying the potential targets and therapies of IS based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Huifang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China.; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China..
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Bao Y, Han X, Liu D, Tan Z, Deng Y. Gut microbiota: The key to the treatment of metabolic syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine - a case study of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072376. [PMID: 36618372 PMCID: PMC9816483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome mainly includes obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases. According to the ancient experience philosophy of Yin-Yang, monarch-minister compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine, prescription is given to treat diseases, which has the advantages of small toxic and side effects and quick effect. However, due to the diversity of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and doubts about the treatment theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine is still in doubt. Gastrointestinal tract is an important part of human environment, and participates in the occurrence and development of diseases. In recent years, more and more TCM researches have made intestinal microbiome a new frontier for understanding and treating diseases. Clinically, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) often co-occur. Our aim is to explain the mechanism of interaction between gastrointestinal microbiome and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat DM and NAFLD. Traditional Chinese medicine may treat these two diseases by influencing the composition of intestinal microorganisms, regulating the metabolism of intestinal microorganisms and transforming Chinese medicinal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bao
- Department of Endosecretory Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Endosecretory Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
| | - Zhaolin Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
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Sun L, Zuo C, Liu X, Guo Y, Wang X, Dong Z, Han M. Combined Photothermal Therapy and Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide for Topical Administration to Improve the Efficacy of Doxorubicin in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122677. [PMID: 36559180 PMCID: PMC9785128 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the efficacy of doxorubicin in the treatment of breast cancer, we constructed a drug delivery system combined with local administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and photothermal-material polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPY NPs). In vitro cytotoxicity experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of DOX + LBP + PPY NPs on 4T1 cells under NIR (near infrared) laser was eight times that of DOX at the same concentration (64% vs. 8%). In vivo antitumor experiments showed that the tumor inhibition rate of LBP + DOX + PPY NPs + NIR reached 87.86%. The results of the H&E staining and biochemical assays showed that the systemic toxicity of LBP + DOX + PPY NPs + NIR group was reduced, and liver damage was significantly lower in the combined topical administration group (ALT 54 ± 14.44 vs. 28 ± 3.56; AST 158 ± 16.39 vs. 111 ± 20.85) (p < 0.05). The results of the Elisa assay showed that LBP + DOX + PPY NPs + NIR can enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity (IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IgA, ROS). In conclusion, LBP + DOX + PPY NPs combined with photothermal therapy can improve the therapeutic effect of DOX on breast cancer and reduce its toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuiling Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (M.H.)
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41
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Domestic Cooking Affects the Prebiotic Performances of Chinese Yam. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233794. [PMID: 36496601 PMCID: PMC9739818 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate domestic cooking methods can retain and protect the biological properties of foods well. Thus, the objective of this study was to unravel the effect of different cooking methods on the microbiota modulatory properties of yam and their non-starch polysaccharides by an in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. The results showed that different cooking processes led to different changes in polysaccharide content. The polysaccharide content of yam increased by 21.3~108.2% or decreased by 12.0% compared with that of raw yam. Additionally, the soluble polysaccharides contents in all cooked yam samples significantly increased by 16.85~119.97% after in vitro digestion. The regulation of whole-yam digesta on gut microbiota was partly related with yam polysaccharides. Both yam and yam polysaccharide fermentation appeared to promote beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp. and Megasphaera and suppressed bacterial pathogens such as Ruminococcusforques and Escherichia-Shigella. Household cooking significantly influenced the prebiotic performances of yam and yam polysaccharides by changing the heat-sensitive microbial substrates and their physiology properties. According to our results, normal-pressure steaming and normal-pressure boiling processes can retain the microbiota modulatory effects of Chinese yam.
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Lin Q, Liu M, Erhunmwunsee F, Li B, Mou Y, Wang S, Zhang G, Tian J. Chinese patent medicine shouhui tongbian capsule attenuated loperamide-induced constipation through modulating the gut microbiota in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115575. [PMID: 35934189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shouhui tongbian capsule (SHTC) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of constipation. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to assess SHTC relieved effects on the clinical symptoms of loperamide (LOP) induced constipation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and to clarify the relationship between the protective effect of SHTC on constipation and the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constipation male SD rats models were induced with solution of LOP (1.5 mg/kg bw), and rats were treated with an oral dose of SHTC (35, 70 mg/kg bw) three times a day after successful modeling. All rats were assessed weekly by change in body weight, gastric emptying rate, fecal moisture content and wet/dry weight. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were used to observe parts of the rats small intestine. The gut microbiota in colonic contents was analyzed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS). RESULTS The results confirmed the therapeutic effects of SHTC on constipation. Specifically, SHTC could alleviate the decrease in body weight, gastric emptying rate and fecal moisture content caused by LOP-induced constipation. The pathological damage of small intestine was significantly improved by H&E staining. Notably, SHTC increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B). In addition, the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was significantly increased in constipated rats fed with SHTC. CONCLUSION SHTC could ameliorate the development of LOP-induced constipation in rats by remodeling the structure of gut microbial community and regulating production of intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Famous Erhunmwunsee
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yanfang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Srivastava P, Sondak T, Sivashanmugam K, Kim KS. A Review of Immunomodulatory Reprogramming by Probiotics in Combating Chronic and Acute Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2436. [PMID: 36365254 PMCID: PMC9699442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by a lack of angiogenesis and distal limb diabetic neuropathy. This makes it possible for opportunistic pathogens to protect the biofilm-encased micro-communities, causing a delay in wound healing. The acute and chronic phases of DFU-associated infections are distinguished by the differential expression of innate proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and -β). Efforts are being made to reduce the microbial bioburden of wounds by using therapies such as debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, shock wave therapy, and empirical antibiotic treatment. However, the constant evolution of pathogens limits the effectiveness of these therapies. In the wound-healing process, continuous homeostasis and remodeling processes by commensal microbes undoubtedly provide a protective barrier against diverse pathogens. Among commensal microbes, probiotics are beneficial microbes that should be administered orally or topically to regulate gut-skin interaction and to activate inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The goal of this review is to bridge the gap between the role of probiotics in managing the innate immune response and the function of proinflammatory mediators in diabetic wound healing. We also highlight probiotic encapsulation or nanoformulations with prebiotics and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as innovative ways to tackle target DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Tesalonika Sondak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Karthikeyan Sivashanmugam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, High Throughput Screening Lab, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kwang-sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Yang X, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang N, Liu J. Effect of stigma maydis polysaccharide on the gut microbiota and transcriptome of VPA induced autism model rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1009502. [PMID: 36406395 PMCID: PMC9672813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) is a plant polysaccharide that participates in immune regulation and gastrointestinal motility. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, and ASD patients often present intestinal microflora imbalance problems; however, there is no effective treatment method. This study explores the effect of SMPS intervention on the gut microbiota in autism model rats as well as the potential action pathways. Female Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium valproic acid (VPA) or normal saline at embryonic day 12.5 to establish an autism model or normal control in their offspring. The offspring prenatally exposed to VPA were randomly assigned to the VPA and the SMPS groups. The SMPS group was administered SMPS from E0.5 to postnatal day (PND) 21. We performed 16S rRNA and transcriptomics analyses to reveal the gut microbiota (GM) and differentially expressed genes in the autism model rats in response to SMPS intervention. SMPS intervention significantly improved the diversity and structure of the GM in autism model rats compared with the VPA rats. Moreover, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was increased after SMPS intervention. Transcriptome sequencing showed that 496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after SMPS administration compared with the VPA group. Meanwhile, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs was showed that the SMPS group had significant 653 GO terms. SMPS intervention had a major influence on oxidative phosphorylation, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, thermogenesis, ribosome, protein digestion and absorption, renin-angiotensin system, calcium signaling pathway, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-ganglio series, and propanoate metabolism pathways. Overall, this study suggests that SMPS interventions in early life may have an impact on gut microbiota, and then affect the transcriptomics levels of the hippocampal tissue in the VPA-induced autism model rats. It provides scientific evidence for the role of the microbe-gut-brain axis in ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Research Institute of Medical and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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45
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Lian YZ, Chang CC, Chen YS, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chao JCJ. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and capsaicin modulate inflammatory cytokines and colonic microbiota in colitis rats induced by dextran sulfate sodium. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:229-237. [PMID: 36447490 PMCID: PMC9701596 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Active ingredients in the natural products have been considered to be used for alleviating the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, hence the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LP) and capsaicin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats were investigated. Rats were grouped into normal, DSS induced colitis, and colitis treated with 100 mg LP/kg body weight, 12 mg capsaicin/kg body weight, or combined 50 mg LP/kg body weight and 6 mg capsaicin/kg body weight. Treatment with LP or capsaicin was orally fed by gavage for 4 weeks, and 5% DSS was fed via drinking water for 6 days during week 3. Colon tissue and cecum content were collected for analysis. Treatments with LP and/or capsaicin ameliorated disease activity index scores, severity of colon distortion, and shrinkage of colon length. LP and capsaicin decreased colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22) levels. Cecal microbiota in colitis rats were enriched with the genus Turicibacter and Lachnospira. The relative abundance of genus Ruminiclostridium_9 and Ruminoclostridium_1 was increased by LP and capsaicin treatment, respectively. Pretreatment with LP or capsaicin inhibits the severity of colonic damage in rats with DSS-induced colitis via anti-inflammation and modulation of colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya Street, 29, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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46
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Liu J, Hong W, Li M, Xiao Y, Yi Y, Liu Y, Wu G. Transcriptome analysis reveals immune and metabolic regulation effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides on Bombyx mori larvae. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014985. [PMID: 36389836 PMCID: PMC9650554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos polysaccharides (PS) have been used as Chinese traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, including antiviral, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory activities. Herein Bombyx mori silkworm was used as a model animal to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of PS via detecting the changes of innate immune parameters and explore the underlying molecular mechanism of the immunoregulatory effect of PS using Illumina HiSeq Xten platform. The results presented here demonstrated that a hemocoel injection of PS significantly enhanced the cellular immunity of silkworm, including hemocyte phagocytosis, microaggregation, and spreading ability. A total of 335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including 214 upregulated genes and 121 downregulated genes by differential expression analysis. Gene annotation and enrichment analyses showed that many DEGs related to immune signal recognition, detoxification, proPO activation, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism were significantly upregulated in the treatment group. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes-based Gene Set Enrichment Analysis also revealed that the more highly expressed gene sets in the PS treatment silkworm were mainly related to immune signal transduction pathways and energy metabolism. In addition, the activity of four enzymes related to immunity and energy metabolism—including phenoloxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and fatty acid synthetase—were all significantly increased in the larvae injected with PS. We performed qRT-PCR to examine the expression profile of immune and metabolic-related genes, which further verified the reliability of our transcriptome data and suggested that PS can regulate the immunity of silkworm by enhancing the cellular immunity and modulating the expression levels of genes related to immune responses and physiological metabolism. These findings will lay a scientific foundation for the use of PS as an immunomodulator in disease prevention in human beings or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Wanyu Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhong Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Gongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Gongqing Wu,
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47
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Wang XF, Chen X, Tang Y, Wu JM, Qin DL, Yu L, Yu CL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. The Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1329. [PMID: 36355500 PMCID: PMC9695998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PPS) composed of more than 10 monosaccharides show high safety and various pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidative, antiaging, and other effects. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that many PPS are beneficial for metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and neurological diseases, which are usually caused by the metabolic disorder of fat, sugar, and protein. In this review, we introduce the common characteristics and functional activity of many representative PPS, emphasize the common risks and molecular mechanism of metabolic diseases, and discuss the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of representative PPS obtained from plants including Aloe vera, Angelica sinensis, pumpkin, Lycium barbarum, Ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Dioscorea pposite, Poria cocos, and tea in metabolic diseases. Finally, this review will provide directions and a reference for future research and for the development of PPS into potential drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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48
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Xiao R, Chen H, Han H, Luo G, Lin Y. The in vitro fermentation of compound oral liquid by human colonic microbiota altered the abundance of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid production. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30076-30084. [PMID: 36329942 PMCID: PMC9585530 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound oral liquid (COL), made from functional herbal foods, has gained immense popularity in China for healthcare. However, the interaction between the nutrients in COL and gut microbiota is still unclear. In our study, the content of total flavonoids, polyphenols, and proteins was increased and the total sugar reduced by crushing raw ingredients to 10 mesh (COL-C). After 24 h incubation with supplemented COL by human gut microbiota, the results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that Faecalibacterium, Collinsella, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Lactobacillus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Dialister were enriched by COL. In particular, the latter three genera were observed to be significantly enriched after incubation with COL-C. Meanwhile, the abundance of Dorea, Clostridium XIVa, and Escherichia/Shigella was inhibited by COL. Moreover, the increased levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in COL were jointly contributed by supplementary carbohydrates and the enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. In summary, our results indicated that the optimized extraction facilitated the nutrients to be dissolved out and enhanced the potential prebiotic effects for promoting the abundance of probiotics, suggesting that the nutrients in COL-C might improve the microbial structure by strengthening the metabolism of beneficial bacteria and restricting the conditioned pathogens more efficiently. The crushing pretreatment before extraction facilitated the nutrients to dissolve in compound oral liquid and enhanced the prebiotic effects for promoting the abundance of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Xiao
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhang Chen
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbei Han
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjuan Luo
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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49
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Cao C, Wang Z, Gong G, Huang W, Huang L, Song S, Zhu B. Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and Metabolic Syndrome Associated with the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3177. [PMID: 37430929 PMCID: PMC9602392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their multiple pharmacological activities and physiological functions. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the biological effects of dietary LBPs are related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Supplementation with LBPs could modulate the composition of microbial communities, and simultaneously influence the levels of active metabolites, thus exerting their beneficial effects on host health. Interestingly, LBPs with diverse chemical structures may enrich or reduce certain specific intestinal microbes. The present review summarizes the extraction, purification, and structural types of LBPs and the regulation effects of LBPs on the gut microbiome and their derived metabolites. Furthermore, the health promoting effects of LBPs on host bidirectional immunity (e.g., immune enhancement and immune inflammation suppression) and metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) by targeting gut microbiota are also discussed based on their structural types. The contents presented in this review might help to better understand the health benefits of LBPs targeting gut microbiota and provide a scientific basis to further clarify the structure-function relationship of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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50
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The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. modify the gut community profile and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2244-2257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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