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Antar SA, Ashour NA, Hamouda AO, Noreddin AM, Al-Karmalawy AA. Recent advances in COVID-19-induced liver injury: causes, diagnosis, and management. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7. [PMID: 39126569 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic, considerable advancements have been made in our understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 on the hepatic system. There is a broad range of clinical symptoms for COVID-19. It affects multiple systems and has a dominant lung illness depending on complications. The progression of COVID-19 in people with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) has also been studied in large multinational groups. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with cirrhosis. In this review, the source, composition, mechanisms, transmission characteristics, clinical characteristics, therapy, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 were clarified and discussed, as well as the evolution and variations of the virus. This review briefly discusses the causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CLD. As part of COVID-19, In addition, we assess the potential of liver biochemistry as a diagnostic tool examine the data on direct viral infection of liver cells, and investigate potential pathways driving SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage. Finally, we explore how the pandemic has had a significant impact on patient behaviors and hepatology services, which may increase the prevalence and severity of liver disease in the future. The topics encompassed in this review encompass the intricate relationships between SARS-CoV-2, liver health, and broader health management strategies, providing valuable insights for both current clinical practice and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Antar
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Nada A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amir O Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Noreddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California -Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
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2
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Resendes NM, Bradley J, Tang F, Hammel IS, Ruiz JG. The association of non-severe COVID-19 infection and progression to frailty among robust older veterans. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100296. [PMID: 38901116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that frailty was increased in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether non-severe COVID-19 increases the risk for pre-frailty and frailty development. Our study aimed to determine the risk of developing frailty and pre-frailty in robust veterans who contracted non-severe COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the development of pre-frailty and frailty status among robust U.S. veterans using VA COVID-19 Shared Data Resource. We included patients 55 years and older who had at least one SARS-CoV-2 testing between March 15, 2020, and November 30, 2020, had been active patients in the past 12 months, and had a VA frailty index of zero (robust status) at the time of testing. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association between COVID-19 infection and developing frailty or pre-frailty and frailty. We also assessed the association by patients' age groups, sex, and race. FINDINGS We identified 82070 veterans mean age 68.3 ± 7.8, 74738 (91.1%) male, 53899 (65.7%) white, 7557 (9.2%) with mild COVID-19 infection. Over the follow up period of 36 months, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with a 66% increase in the hazard of becoming frail (adjusted HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.32-2.08), and a 68% increase in the hazard of becoming pre-frail (adjusted HR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.45-1.94). Among male patients, mild COVID-19 infection was associated with a 54% increase in the hazard of becoming frail (adjusted HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.21-1.96), while among female patients there was a 330% increase (adjusted HR = 4.30, 95% CI: 2.13-8.64). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Non-severe COVID-19 infection that occurred in robust older adults increased the risk of developing frailty. Further multi-center prospective cohort studies evaluating the mechanism of action and clinical trials of treatment options for post-COVID frailty are indicated in Veterans to support clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Resendes
- Miami VA (Veterans Administration) Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, Florida, USA; Dept. of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Jerry Bradley
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Fei Tang
- Miami VA (Veterans Administration) Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Iriana S Hammel
- Miami VA (Veterans Administration) Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, Florida, USA; Dept. of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge G Ruiz
- Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA; Dept of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Mester P, Amend P, Schmid S, Wenzel JJ, Höring M, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Müller M, Buechler C, Pavel V. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Induction in COVID-19 Is Poorly Associated with Disease Severity and Cholesterol Levels. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:593-607. [PMID: 39051245 PMCID: PMC11270413 DOI: 10.3390/idr16040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection was shown to induce proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plasma levels in sepsis. Here, we investigate the association between serum PCSK9 levels and disease severity. PCSK9 was measured in serum of 55 controls, 40 patients with moderate and 60 patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Serum PCSK9 was elevated in moderate COVID-19 compared to controls and further increased in severe cases. PCSK9 levels were not associated with C-reactive protein, bacterial superinfections, interventions, or survival in patients with severe COVID-19. PCSK9 regulates circulating cholesterol levels, and 15 cholesteryl ester (CE) species and free cholesterol (FC) were quantified by direct flow injection analysis using a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Most CE species with shorter fatty acid chains were decreased in severe compared to moderate COVID-19, and none of the CE species were correlated with PCSK9 in patients with severe COVID-19. Levels of all CE species negatively correlated with C-reactive protein in severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, FC was induced in severe compared to moderate COVID-19. The FC/CE ratio correlated positively with inflammatory markers and was associated with non-survival. The current study suggests that the imbalance between CE and FC levels is associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Pablo Amend
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Jürgen J. Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Vlad Pavel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
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Ursescu C, Teodoru G, Bucurica S, Nica RI, Lazăr ȘD, Popescu MN, Ciobanu I, Berteanu M. Using the ClinFIT COVID-19 Instrument to Assess the Functional Impairments Specific to Post-COVID-19 Patients in Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1540. [PMID: 39061679 PMCID: PMC11275825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has led to approximately 3.5 million cases in Romania, causing systemic inflammation and over 200 symptoms affecting various body systems. This complexity has challenged rehabilitation systems, necessitating personalized plans tailored to each patient's illness stage and impairment level. The ISPRM-developed ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, aligned with the ICF categories, assists in assessing patients during acute, post-acute, and long-term phases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and assess functional impairments in post-COVID-19 patients in Romania, with a secondary goal of generating rehabilitation directions. METHODS Data were collected from patients at two Bucharest medical centers, including those with persistent symptoms post-acute phase. Participants were assessed using the adapted ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, and descriptive statistics were applied. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed diverse functional impairments in physical, psychological, and social domains among post-COVID-19 patients, with severe impairments more common in those with long-term COVID-19. Complete impairment in complex movement and paid work was noted, affecting one-third of salaried employees and forcing some to retire. In the acute phase, the most frequent functional impairments were sleep, attention, pain sensation, and exercise tolerance functions. In contrast, the most severely affected functions were exercise tolerance and mobility joint functions. Age did not positively correlate with any of the analyzed functions. In the post-acute phase, sleep, energy, and drive functions remained the most frequently affected functions, while the most severely affected was, by far, the moving around function. In the post-acute period, respiratory and respiratory muscle functions strongly correlated with all tasks related to physical activity. In the long COVID-19 phase, remunerative employment was the most severely affected function, while attention functions remained the most frequently affected, similar to the acute phase. The ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument effectively captured these impairments, underscoring the need for comprehensive rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ursescu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gigi Teodoru
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Discipline of General Surgery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan Dragoș Lazăr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Ileana Ciobanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihai Berteanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
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Maurício AB, Cavalcante AMRZ, de Sá ES, Bruni LG, Vieira LGD, Costa A, França LD, Lopes MVDO, de Barros ALBL, da Silva VM. Accuracy of the defining characteristics of respiratory nursing diagnoses in patients with COVID-19. Int J Nurs Knowl 2024. [PMID: 38951045 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of four respiratory nursing diagnoses (ND) in patients with COVID-19 and on oxygen therapy. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in four Brazilian public hospitals in two regions of the country. A total of 474 patients with COVID-19 receiving oxygen therapy were assessed. Latent-adjusted class analysis with random effects was used to establish the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the defining characteristics evaluated for each ND. RESULTS Among the ND that constituted the study (impaired spontaneous ventilatory, impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance, and dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response), the following defining characteristics had the highest simultaneous Se and Sp (>0.8): decrease in tidal volume, confusion, irritability, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, orthopnea, impaired ability to cooperate and respond to coaching, and decrease in the level of consciousness. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing the clinical signs that predict respiratory ND in patients affected by COVID-19 can contribute to the nurse's accurate diagnostic inference and designate the appropriate nursing interventions to achieve the desired results and avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Costa
- Paulista Nursing School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gugo K, Tandara L, Juricic G, Pavicic Ivelja M, Rumora L. Effects of Hypoxia and Inflammation on Hepcidin Concentration in Non-Anaemic COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3201. [PMID: 38892911 PMCID: PMC11173117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore the influence of hypoxia, inflammation, and erythropoiesis on hepcidin and other iron status parameters in non-anaemic COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency unit before the introduction of therapeutic interventions. Methods: Ninety-six COVID-19 patients and 47 healthy subjects were recruited. Patients were subdivided into hypoxic or normoxic groups and, after follow-up, into mild and moderate, severe or critical disease severity groups. Iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured on automatic analysers. ELISA kits were used for hepcidin and erythropoietin (EPO) determination. We calculated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ratios of hepcidin with parameters of iron metabolism (ferritin/hepcidin, hepcidin/iron), inflammation (hepcidin/CRP, hepcidin/IL-6), and erythropoietic activity (hepcidin/EPO). Results: Hepcidin, ferritin, EPO, CRP, IL-6, ferritin/hepcidin, and hepcidin/iron were increased, while UIBC, TIBC, hepcidin/CRP, and hepcidin/IL-6 were decreased in hypoxic compared to normoxic patients as well as in patients with severe or critical disease compared to those with mild and moderate COVID-19. Regarding predictive parameters of critical COVID-19 occurrence, in multivariable logistic regression analysis, a combination of EPO and ferritin/hepcidin showed very good diagnostic performances and correctly classified 88% of cases, with an AUC of 0.838 (0.749-0.906). Conclusions: The hypoxic signal in our group of patients was not strong enough to overcome the stimulating effect of inflammation on hepcidin expression. EPO and ferritin/hepcidin might help to identify on-admission COVID-19 patients at risk of developing a critical form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Gugo
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Division, University Hospital of Split, Soltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Leida Tandara
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Division, University Hospital of Split, Soltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Gordana Juricic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital Pula, Santoriova 24a, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Mirela Pavicic Ivelja
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Split, Soltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lada Rumora
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Khanaliha K, Sadri Nahand J, Khatami A, Mirzaei H, Chavoshpour S, Taghizadieh M, Karimzadeh M, Donyavi T, Bokharaei‐Salim F. Analyzing the expression pattern of the noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, PVT-1, XIST, H19, and miRNA-34a) in PBMC samples of patients with COVID-19, according to the disease severity in Iran during 2022-2023: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1861. [PMID: 38332929 PMCID: PMC10850438 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been known as the key regulators of gene expression. They can play critical roles in viral infection by regulating the host immune response and interacting with genes in the viral genome. In this regard, ncRNAs can be employed as biomarkers for viral diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) ncRNAs (lncRNAs-homeobox C antisense intergenic RNA [HOTAIR], -H19, X-inactive-specific transcript [XIST], plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 [PVT-1], and miR-34a) as diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate severe COVID-19 cases from mild ones. Methods Candidate ncRNAs were selected according to previous studies and assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the PBMC samples of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 40), healthy subjects (n = 40), and mild COVID-19 cases (n = 40). Furthermore, the diagnostic value of the selected ncRNAs was assessed by analyzing the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). Results The results demonstrated that the expression pattern of the selected ncRNAs was significantly different between the studied groups. The levels of HOTAIR, XIST, and miR-34a were remarkably overexpressed in the severe COVID-19 group in comparison with the mild COVID-19 group, and in return, the PVT-1 levels were lower than in the mild COVID-19 group. Interestingly, the XIST expression level in men with severe COVID-19 was higher compared to women with mild COVID-19. ROC results suggested that HOTAIR and PVT-1 could serve as useful biomarkers for screening mild COVID-19 from severe COVID-19. Conclusions Overall, different expression patterns of the selected ncRNAs and ROC curve results revealed that these factors can contribute to COVID-19 pathogenicity and can be considered diagnostic markers of COVID-19 severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of VirologyIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Sara Chavoshpour
- Department of VirologyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Core Research Facilities (CRF)Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahanIran
| | - Tahereh Donyavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Lukowsky LR, Der-Martirosian C, Northcraft H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Goldfarb DS, Dobalian A. Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among COVID-19 Patients at the US Department of Veterans Affairs: The Important Role of COVID-19 Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38400130 PMCID: PMC10892207 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are knowledge gaps about factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among COVID-19 patients. To examine AKI predictors among COVID-19 patients, a retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022. Logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of AKI, and survival analysis was performed to examine mortality in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS A total of 742,799 veterans diagnosed with COVID-19 were included and 95,573 were hospitalized within 60 days following COVID-19 diagnosis. A total of 45,754 developed AKI and 28,573 AKI patients were hospitalized. Use of vasopressors (OR = 14.73; 95% CL 13.96-15.53), history of AKI (OR = 2.22; CL 2.15-2.29), male gender (OR = 1.90; CL 1.75-2.05), Black race (OR = 1.62; CL 1.57-1.65), and age 65+ (OR = 1.57; CL 1.50-1.63) were associated with AKI. Patients who were vaccinated twice and boosted were least likely to develop AKI (OR = 0.51; CL 0.49-0.53) compared to unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Patients receiving two doses (OR = 0.77; CL = 0.72-0.81), or a single dose (OR = 0.88; CL = 0.81-0.95) were also less likely to develop AKI compared to the unvaccinated. AKI patients exhibited four times higher mortality compared to those without AKI (HR = 4.35; CL 4.23-4.50). Vaccinated and boosted patients had the lowest mortality risk compared to the unvaccinated (HR = 0.30; CL 0.28-0.31). CONCLUSION Use of vasopressors, being unvaccinated, older age, male gender, and Black race were associated with post COVID-19 AKI. Whether COVID-19 vaccination, including boosters, decreases the risk of developing AKI warrants additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia R. Lukowsky
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), US Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA 91343, USA; (C.D.-M.); (H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Claudia Der-Martirosian
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), US Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA 91343, USA; (C.D.-M.); (H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Heather Northcraft
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), US Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA 91343, USA; (C.D.-M.); (H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - David S. Goldfarb
- New York Harbor VA Healthcare System (NYHHS), US Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY 10010, USA;
- NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), US Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA 91343, USA; (C.D.-M.); (H.N.); (A.D.)
- Division of Health Services Management and Policy in the College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Mester P, Räth U, Schmid S, Amend P, Keller D, Krautbauer S, Bondarenko S, Müller M, Buechler C, Pavel V. Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 as a Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 Severity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:125. [PMID: 38255230 PMCID: PMC10813598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a regulator of anabolic pathways, which become inactivated in severe illness. Here, we measured the serum IGFBP-2 levels of COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe disease as well as healthy controls to identify the associations of serum IGFBP-2 levels with disease severity. Patients with severe COVID-19 had higher serum IGFBP-2 levels than those with moderate disease and healthy controls, who had similar levels. Non-survivors of COVID-19 tended to have elevated serum IGFBP-2 levels compared to survivors. Increased serum IGFBP-2 levels were observed in patients requiring dialysis and vasopressor therapy. Serum IGFBP-2 was positively correlated with procalcitonin in both patient groups. Bacterial co-infection in severe COVID-19 patients did not influence serum IGFBP-2 levels. Patients with liver cirrhosis and obesity, showing increased and decreased serum IGFBP-2 levels, respectively, were excluded from the study. The present analysis showed that higher serum IGFBP-2 levels are associated with increased disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The similarity in serum IGFBP-2 levels between patients with moderate COVID-19 and healthy controls suggests that elevated IGFBP-2 is associated with critical illness rather than SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Ulrich Räth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Pablo Amend
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Dennis Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sofiia Bondarenko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Vlad Pavel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.M.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (P.A.); (D.K.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
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10
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Narayanan SA, Jamison DA, Guarnieri JW, Zaksas V, Topper M, Koutnik AP, Park J, Clark KB, Enguita FJ, Leitão AL, Das S, Moraes-Vieira PM, Galeano D, Mason CE, Trovão NS, Schwartz RE, Schisler JC, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Wurtele ES, Beheshti A. A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 review, Part 2: host extracellular to systemic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:10-20. [PMID: 37938797 PMCID: PMC10772081 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The betacoronavirus continues to evolve with global health implications as we race to learn more to curb its transmission, evolution, and sequelae. The focus of this review, the second of a three-part series, is on the biological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on post-acute disease in the context of tissue and organ adaptations and damage. We highlight the current knowledge and describe how virological, animal, and clinical studies have shed light on the mechanisms driving the varied clinical diagnoses and observations of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, we describe how investigations into SARS-CoV-2 effects have informed the understanding of viral pathogenesis and provide innovative pathways for future research on the mechanisms of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anand Narayanan
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA.
| | - David A Jamison
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Zaksas
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Clever Research Lab, Springfield, IL, 62704, USA
| | - Michael Topper
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Koutnik
- Human Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, 32502, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, 93015, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kevin B Clark
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Cures Within Reach, Chicago, IL, 60602, USA
- Campus and Domain Champions Program, Multi-Tier Assistance, Training, and Computational Help (MATCH) Track, National Science Foundation's Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services and Support (ACCESS), Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Expert Network, Penn Center for Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Biometrics and Nanotechnology Councils, Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Peace Innovation Institute, The Hague 2511, Netherlands and Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Leitão
- MEtRICs, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Saswati Das
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Mannohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC) and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diego Galeano
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Christopher E Mason
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nídia S Trovão
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordana G A Coelho-Dos-Reis
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Basic and Applied Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Genetics Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 90011, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Center for Metabolomics, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 90011, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- COVID-19 International Research Team, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Santa Clara, CA, 94035, USA.
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11
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Mathew DS, Pandya T, Pandya H, Vaghela Y, Subbian S. An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Etiopathogenesis and Recent Developments in COVID-19 Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1565. [PMID: 38002247 PMCID: PMC10669259 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication and associated onset of inflammatory cytokine storm and disease pathology in various internal organs. However, the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available to cure COVID-19, and most patients are treated empirically with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-viral drugs, based on the disease symptoms. Although several types of vaccines are currently implemented to control COVID-19 and prevent viral dissemination, the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can evade the vaccine-induced protective immunity poses challenges to current vaccination strategies and highlights the necessity to develop better and improved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and elaborately discuss various types of vaccines and vaccination strategies, focusing on those vaccines that are currently in use worldwide to combat COVID-19 or in various stages of clinical development to use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Susan Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 608204, India;
| | - Tirtha Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Het Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Yuzen Vaghela
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
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12
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Naseer B, Ali M, Azhar N. COVID-19 research in South Asia: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2023; 18:Doc22. [PMID: 37829254 PMCID: PMC10566035 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background With the surge in the number of infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was also a surge observed in the number of publications discussing its epidemiology, characteristics, path-o-phys-i-ol-o-gy, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. This bibliometric analysis focuses on the papers published on COVID-19 in South Asia. Methods We searched articles in the Scopus database from December 2019 to October, 2022. After manual screening, a list of the 100 most-cited articles was obtained, which was analyzed for various factors, including the type of article, citation count, author's affiliation, country of origin, funding bodies, etc. Results The majority of the top 100 articles (n=79) in South Asia were published during 2020. India was affiliated with the highest number of articles (n=68), followed by Bangladesh (n=18) and Pakistan (n=12). However, 7 articles were authored by a researcher in Bangladesh. Female authors were under represented (32.38%), with no female author in lists of authors with 4 or more articles. The average number of citations for each of the top 100 most-cited articles was 180.8. Original articles constituted the major portion of the publications (82%), followed by letters (11%) and reviews (4%). Half of the publications belonged to the field of medicine (n=49), while others were contributed by science, psychology, social sciences, and biochemistry and allied sciences (n=8). Vaccine trials were under-represented. Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh was affiliated with the maximum number of articles. Most articles were published in Science of The Total Environment (n=8) while Indian Council of Medical Research (n=4) was the top funding body. Conclusion These findings highlight that South Asia has a great potential to conduct research addressing its challenging health problems. But lack of funds hinders conducting trials of new medications and vaccines. Thus, there is need for allocation of sufficient funds for research and clinical trials by governments and the private sector to enhance the research productivity of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisal Naseer
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsan Ali
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neha Azhar
- Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
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13
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Gonzaga A, Andreu E, Hernández-Blasco LM, Meseguer R, Al-Akioui-Sanz K, Soria-Juan B, Sanjuan-Gimenez JC, Ferreras C, Tejedo JR, Lopez-Lluch G, Goterris R, Maciá L, Sempere-Ortells JM, Hmadcha A, Borobia A, Vicario JL, Bonora A, Aguilar-Gallardo C, Poveda JL, Arbona C, Alenda C, Tarín F, Marco FM, Merino E, Jaime F, Ferreres J, Figueira JC, Cañada-Illana C, Querol S, Guerreiro M, Eguizabal C, Martín-Quirós A, Robles-Marhuenda Á, Pérez-Martínez A, Solano C, Soria B. Rationale for combined therapies in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232472. [PMID: 37767093 PMCID: PMC10520558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented global social and economic impact as well as a significant number of fatalities have been brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can, in certain situations, cause immunological abnormalities, leading to an anomalous innate and adaptive immune response. While most patients only experience mild symptoms and recover without the need for mechanical ventilation, a substantial percentage of those who are affected develop severe respiratory illness, which can be fatal. The absence of effective therapies when disease progresses to a very severe condition coupled with the incomplete understanding of COVID-19's pathogenesis triggers the need to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for patients at high risk of mortality. As a result, we investigate the potential contribution of promising combinatorial cell therapy to prevent death in critical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Gonzaga
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Etelvina Andreu
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Applied Physics Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Rut Meseguer
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Clinic University Hospital, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA) Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karima Al-Akioui-Sanz
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Soria-Juan
- Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Hôpital Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Ferreras
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Lluch
- University Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CABD-CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Goterris
- Clinic University Hospital, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA) Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Loreto Maciá
- Nursing Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose M. Sempere-Ortells
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IIB-VIU), Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Transfusion Center of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bonora
- Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose L. Poveda
- Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Arbona
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Fabian Tarín
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Marco
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Immunology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Jaime
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - José Ferreres
- Intensive Care Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Research Unit, Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Abedinzadeh M, Vahidi S, Rahavian A, Lojje H, Abouei S. Effect of COVID-19 On the Sexual Activity of Men. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231193913. [PMID: 37599378 PMCID: PMC10467192 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231193913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 was found in China. This virus can affect different organs depending on the coronavirus receptors on the cell surface, which allows the organ to be attacked by the coronavirus. Psychological distress and impaired pulmonary hemodynamics seem to be the cause of decreasing libido or sexual dysfunction after contracting COVID-19. This study was performed to assess the effect of coronavirus on the sexual activity of men. We enrolled 200 men with COVID-19, confirmed by an oropharyngeal sample, who had recovered from the coronavirus for 3 months. These men filled out the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire for their current and previous sexual status. Then, according to their IIEF-5 score, sexual activity before and after corona infection was compared. The mean age of the participants was 31.5 ±3.2 years. This study showed a significant difference between the IIEF-5 mean scores before and after COVID-19, which were 20.4 and 18.6, respectively (p = .000). The condition of 56.1% of the patients did not change; however, coronavirus did have a negative effect on 39.6% of the patients. 4.1% of patients reported improvement in sexual performance. 45% of the patients reported no erectile dysfunction (ED) before contracting the coronavirus; while only 27.7% reported no ED after getting COVID-19. Our findings show that COVID-19 could influence the sexual activity of infected men, who also showed a higher ED prevalence after COVID-19 infection; however, hormonal assessment should be observed in the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abedinzadeh
- Department of Urology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Serajoddin Vahidi
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rahavian
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Lojje
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saied Abouei
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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15
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Jerkovic I, Kovacic V, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J, Tandara L. Serum Catestatin Level as a Stratification Assessment Tool in Non-Critical COVID-19 Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1136. [PMID: 36673891 PMCID: PMC9858918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Catestatin (CST) is a peptide with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. There are only a few studies that have investigated plasma CST levels in COVID-19 patients (mostly in ICU patients). In our work, the aim was to demonstrate serum CST levels and their correlation with clinical outcomes in a group of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the non-ICU department. Methods: The subjects were 32 patients (25 females, 7 males) admitted to the non-ICU unit for COVID-19 patients. Results: CST levels in our cohort were higher (8.91 ± 7.00) than previously reported CST levels in control subjects. We found a significant positive correlation between serum CST levels and C-reactive protein (r = 0.423, p = 0.008), D-dimers (r = 0.395, p = 0.013), hsTNT (high-sensitivity troponin T) (r = 0.603, p < 0.001), proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) (r = 0.569, p < 0.001), and hospitalization days (r = 0.388, p = 0.014). There was a difference between groups of participants with SOFA <3 (n = 18) and SOFA >=3 (n = 14) in catestatin serum levels (7.25 ± 3.66 vs. 11.05 ± 9.52 ng/mL), but the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.065). Conclusion: We considered plasma CST level at hospital admission as a possible tool for early risk assessment in non-critical COVID-19 patients. This study is an attempt to clarify the complex pathophysiological mechanisms present in the development of severe forms of SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jerkovic
- Department for Urgent and Intensive Medicine with Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Split, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vedran Kovacic
- Department for Urgent and Intensive Medicine with Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Split, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Split, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Leida Tandara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Split, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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16
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Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315122. [PMID: 36499448 PMCID: PMC9737069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a significant global health threat, appears to be an immune-related disease. Failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of infection may contribute to development of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation with organ damage, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Disease severity and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants highlight the need for new preventative and therapeutic strategies to protect the immunocompromised population. Available data indicate that these people may benefit from adoptive transfer of allogeneic SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells isolated from convalescent individuals. This review first provides an insight into the mechanism of cytokine storm development, as it is directly related to the exhaustion of T cell population, essential for viral clearance and long-term antiviral immunity. Next, we describe virus-specific T lymphocytes as a promising and efficient approach for the treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, other potential cell-based therapies, including natural killer cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells are mentioned. Additionally, we discuss fast and effective ways of producing clinical-grade antigen-specific T cells which can be cryopreserved and serve as an effective "off-the-shelf" approach for rapid treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in case of sudden patient deterioration.
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Ismail L, Materwala H, Al Hammadi Y, Firouzi F, Khan G, Azzuhri SRB. Automated artificial intelligence-enabled proactive preparedness real-time system for accurate prediction of COVID-19 infections— Performance evaluation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:871885. [PMID: 36111116 PMCID: PMC9468324 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.871885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a contagious disease that has infected over half a billion people worldwide. Due to the rapid spread of the virus, countries are facing challenges to cope with the infection growth. In particular, healthcare organizations face difficulties efficiently provisioning medical staff, equipment, hospital beds, and quarantine centers. Machine and deep learning models have been used to predict infections, but the selection of the model is challenging for a data analyst. This paper proposes an automated Artificial Intelligence-enabled proactive preparedness real-time system that selects a learning model based on the temporal distribution of the evolution of infection. The proposed system integrates a novel methodology in determining the suitable learning model, producing an accurate forecasting algorithm with no human intervention. Numerical experiments and comparative analysis were carried out between our proposed and state-of-the-art approaches. The results show that the proposed system predicts infections with 72.1% less Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and 65.2% lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) on average than state-of-the-art approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ismail
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Laboratory, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Leila Ismail,
| | - Huned Materwala
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Laboratory, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Al Hammadi
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Laboratory, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Information System and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farshad Firouzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saaidal Razalli Bin Azzuhri
- Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Interventions and Impact of Pharmacist-Delivered Services for People Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091630. [PMID: 36141242 PMCID: PMC9498522 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists are essential members of the healthcare team. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led pharmacists to undertake additional clinical roles. We aim to conduct a systematic review on the interventions and impact of pharmacist-delivered services in managing COVID-19 patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL plus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science from 1 December 2019 (the first case of COVID-19 emerged) to 13 January 2022 to retrieve the articles. Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines were followed respectively to perform and report the review. The pharmacist-led interventions were reported following the Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool (DEPICT) version 2. The protocol of systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021277128). Studies quality was assessed with the modified NOS scale. In total, 7 observational studies were identified from 10,838 studies. Identification of dosage errors (n = 6 studies), regimen modifications (n = 5), removal of obsolete/duplicate medications (n = 5), identification and management of adverse drug reactions (n = 4), drug interactions prevention (n = 2), and physicians acceptance rate (n = 3) of therapy-related services delivered in-person or via tele-pharmacy were among the pharmacist-delivered services. Common interventions delivered by pharmacists also included optimizing the use of antibacterial, antivirals, and anticoagulants in COVID-19 infected patients. The acceptance of pharmacist-delivered services by physicians was high (88.5–95.5%). Included studies have described pharmacists’ beneficial role in managing patients with COVID-19 including detection, resolution, and prevention of medication-related problems, with physicians demonstrating high trust in pharmacists’ advice. Future research should assess the feasibility and scalability of such roles in real-world settings.
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Matlin SA, Smith AC, Merone J, LeVoy M, Shah J, Vanbiervliet F, Vandentorren S, Vearey J, Saso L. The Challenge of Reaching Undocumented Migrants with COVID-19 Vaccination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169973. [PMID: 36011606 PMCID: PMC9408401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Access to vaccination against a health threat such as that presented by the COVID-19 pandemic is an imperative driven, in principle, by at least three compelling factors: (1) the right to health of all people, irrespective of their status; (2) humanitarian need of undocumented migrants, as well as of others including documented migrants, refugees and displaced people who are sometimes vulnerable and living in precarious situations; and (3) the need to ensure heath security globally and nationally, which in the case of a global pandemic requires operating on the basis that, for vaccination strategies to succeed in fighting a pandemic, the highest possible levels of vaccine uptake are required. Yet some population segments have had limited access to mainstream health systems, both prior to as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with irregular resident status are among those who face extremely high barriers in accessing both preventative and curative health care. This is due to a range of factors that drive exclusion, both on the supply side (e.g., systemic and practical restrictions in service delivery) and the demand side (e.g., in uptake, including due to fears that personal data would be transmitted to immigration authorities). Moreover, undocumented people have often been at increased risk of infection due to their role as "essential workers", including those experiencing higher exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to frontline occupations while lacking protective equipment. Often, they have also been largely left out of social protection measures granted by governments to their populations during successive lockdowns. This article reviews the factors that serve as supply-side and demand-side barriers to vaccination for undocumented migrants and considers what steps need to be taken to ensure that inclusive approaches operate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Alyna C. Smith
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Merone
- Human Rights Center, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Michele LeVoy
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalpa Shah
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- INSERM UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joanna Vearey
- African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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20
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Alteration of Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Iranian Children with COVID-19. Int J Pediatr 2022; 2022:9390327. [PMID: 35915604 PMCID: PMC9338730 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9390327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute viral disease that has so far infected more than 200 million and killed more than four million worldwide. It affects the immune system and other organs. Here, we investigated the level of free plasma amino acids in COVID-19 patients and compared them with non-COVID-19 subjects. We also compared amino acids levels in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with non-ICU patients and expired and recovered patients. Twenty-six COVID-19 patients and 32 non-COVID-19 subjects were included in the study. The mean of glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, lysine, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, and ornithine was significantly higher in cases than controls. In addition, the mean of glutamine was significantly lower in patients than controls (443.89 ± 254.31 vs. 651.73 ± 107.38, PV < 0.001). Low level of glutamine and isoleucine was seen in the majority of ICU and expired patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed low level of isoleucine as a predictor variable in mortality (P = 0.02, EXP (B) = 16.5, and CI 95% = (1.48, -183.07)). There was a positive and significant relationship between some amino acids levels, serum liver enzymes, and sodium concentrations. There was also a significant but negative correlation between histidine levels, ESR, and ferritin. Phenylalanine had a highly positive relationship with serum procalcitonin in patients (R 2 = 0.534, PV = 0.015). Our studies have shown the alteration of plasma amino acids concentration in COVID-19 patients. These changes are more evident in critically ill and at-risk patients.
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Mild or Moderate COVID-19 during Pregnancy Does Not Affect the Content of CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood of Newborns. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:523-528. [PMID: 36063300 PMCID: PMC9441840 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study included umbilical cord blood samples (n=64) intended for cryogenic storage of hematopoietic stem cells and obtained from patients with a history of mild and moderate forms of COVID-19 during pregnancy. The control group was composed of samples (n=746) obtained from healthy women in labor. A comparative analysis of the volume of cord blood collected, the total leukocyte count, the relative and absolute content of cells with the CD34+/CD45+ phenotype revealed no significant differences between the groups.
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22
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Orea-Tejada A, Sánchez-Moreno C, Aztatzi-Aguilar OG, Sierra-Vargas MP, González-Islas D, Debray-García Y, Ortega-Romero MS, Keirns-Davis C, Cornejo-Cornejo L, Aguilar-Meza J. Plasma Endothelial and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Associated with Late Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143950. [PMID: 35887714 PMCID: PMC9319197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a significant public health problem worldwide. COVID-19 increases the risk of non-pulmonary complications such as acute myocardial injury, renal failure, thromboembolic events, and multi-organic damage. Several studies have documented increased inflammation molecules, endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, and dysregulation of coagulation factors in COVID-19 patients. In addition, endothelium dysfunction is exacerbated by the oxidative stress (OxS) promoted by endocrine and cardiovascular molecules. Our objective was to evaluate whether endothelial and OxS biomarkers were associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed. Patients ≥18 years old with confirmed COVID-19 that required hospitalization were included in a prospective cohort study. Endothelium and oxidative stress biomarkers were collected between 3 and 5 days after admission. Results: A total of 165 patients were evaluated; 56 patients succumbed. The median follow-up was 71 days [23–129]. Regarding endothelial dysfunction and OxS biomarkers, patients who did not survive had higher levels of nitrates (0.4564 [0.1817–0.6761] vs. 0.2817 [0.0517–0.5], p = 0.014), total nitrates (0.0507 [−0.0342–0.1809] vs. −0.0041 [−0.0887–0.0909], p = 0.016), sE-Selectin (1.095 [0.86–1.495] vs. 0.94 [0.71–1.19], p = 0.004), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (0.50 [0.26–0.72] vs. 0.36 [0.23–0.52], p = 0.010) compared to patients who survived. Endothelial and OxS biomarkers independently associated with mortality were sE-selectin (HR:2.54, CI95%; from 1.11 to 5.81, p = 0.027), nitrates (HR:4.92, CI95%; from 1.23 to 19.63, p = 0.024), and MDA (HR: 3.05, CI95%; from 1.14 to 8.15, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction (sE-selectin and nitrates) and OxS (MDA) are independent indicators of a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Orea-Tejada
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Moreno
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Octavio Gamaliel Aztatzi-Aguilar
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (O.G.A.-A.); (Y.D.-G.); (M.S.O.-R.)
| | - Martha Patricia Sierra-Vargas
- Subdivision of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Dulce González-Islas
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555487-1700 (ext. 5506)
| | - Yazmín Debray-García
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (O.G.A.-A.); (Y.D.-G.); (M.S.O.-R.)
| | - Manolo Sibael Ortega-Romero
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (O.G.A.-A.); (Y.D.-G.); (M.S.O.-R.)
| | - Candace Keirns-Davis
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Laura Cornejo-Cornejo
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Jorge Aguilar-Meza
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-T.); (C.S.-M.); (C.K.-D.); (L.C.-C.); (J.A.-M.)
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23
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Telek E, Ujfalusi Z, Kemenesi G, Zana B, Jakab F, Hild G, Lukács A, Hild G. A Possible Way to Relate the Effects of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Changes in Transferrin to Severe COVID-19-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6189. [PMID: 35682873 PMCID: PMC9181396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections are responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Transferrin has been found to explain the link between diseases associated with impaired iron transport and COVID-19 infection. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on human whole blood was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis of the thermal transition curves showed that the melting temperature of the transferrin-related peak decreased in the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The ratio of the under-curve area of the two main peaks was greatly affected, while the total enthalpy of the heat denaturation remained nearly unchanged in the presence of the virus. These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2, through binding to transferrin, may influence its Fe3+ uptake by inducing thermodynamic changes. Therefore, transferrin may remain in an iron-free apo-conformational state, which depends on the SARS-CoV-2 concentration. SARS-CoV-2 can induce disturbance in erythropoiesis due to toxicity generated by free iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (A.L.)
| | - Zoltán Ujfalusi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (A.L.)
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Virological Research Group, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.K.); (B.Z.); (F.J.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Zana
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Virological Research Group, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.K.); (B.Z.); (F.J.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Virological Research Group, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.K.); (B.Z.); (F.J.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Hild
- Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - András Lukács
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (A.L.)
| | - Gábor Hild
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.T.); (Z.U.); (A.L.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dyspnea in Patients Hospitalized due to COVID-19: Contribution to Clinical Course and Mortality. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071821. [PMID: 35407430 PMCID: PMC8999487 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal manifestations may accompany the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19. Abdominal pain (AP) without nausea and vomiting is one of the most common. To date, its role and prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 is still debated. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of 2184 individuals admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. We divided the patients into four groups according to presented symptoms: dyspnea, n = 871 (39.9%); AP, n = 97 (4.4%); AP with dyspnea together, n = 50 (2.3%); and patients without dyspnea and AP, n = 1166 (53.4%). The patients with AP showed tendency to be younger than these with dyspnea, but without AP (63.0 [38.0−70.0] vs. 65.0 [52.0−74.0] years, p = 0.061), and they were more often females as compared to patients with dyspnea (57.7% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.013, for females). Patients with AP as a separate sign of COVID-19 significantly less often developed pneumonia as compared to individuals with dyspnea or with dyspnea and AP together (p < 0.0001). Patients with AP or AP with dyspnea were significantly less frequently intubated or transferred to the intensive care unit (p = 0.003 and p = 0.031, respectively). Individuals with AP alone or with dyspnea had significantly lower rate of mortality as compared to patients with dyspnea (p = 0.003). AP as a separate symptom and also as a coexisting sign with dyspnea does not predispose the patients with COVID-19 to the worse clinical course and higher mortality.
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25
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Mogro EG, Bottero D, Lozano MJ. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 synonymous codon usage evolution throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Virology 2022; 568:56-71. [PMID: 35134624 PMCID: PMC8808327 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans, can cause severe life-threatening respiratory pathologies. To better understand SARS-CoV-2 evolution, genome-wide analyses have been made, including the general characterization of its codons usage profile. Here we present a bioinformatic analysis of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 codon usage over time using complete genomes collected since December 2019. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 codon usage pattern is antagonistic to, and it is getting farther away from that of the human host. Further, a selection of deoptimized codons over time, which was accompanied by a decrease in both the codon adaptation index and the effective number of codons, was observed. All together, these findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could be evolving, at least from the perspective of the synonymous codon usage, to become less pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel G Mogro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina
| | - Mauricio J Lozano
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina.
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26
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Gambella A, Barreca A, Biancone L, Roccatello D, Peruzzi L, Besso L, Licata C, Attanasio A, Papotti M, Cassoni P. Spectrum of Kidney Injury Following COVID-19 Disease: Renal Biopsy Findings in a Single Italian Pathology Service. Biomolecules 2022; 12:298. [PMID: 35204798 PMCID: PMC8961620 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic infection, has led to increasing insights on its pathophysiology and clinical features being revealed, such as a noticeable kidney involvement. In this study, we describe the histopathological, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural features of biopsy-proven kidney injury observed in a series of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in our institution from April 2020 to November 2021. We retrieved and retrospectively reviewed nine cases (two pediatric and seven adults) that experienced nephrotic syndrome (six cases), acute kidney injury (two cases), and a clinically silent microhematuria and leukocyturia. Kidney biopsies were investigated by means of light microscopy, direct immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The primary diagnoses were minimal change disease (four cases), acute tubular necrosis (two cases), collapsing glomerulopathy (two cases), and C3 glomerulopathy (one case). None of the cases showed viral or viral-like particles on ultrastructural analysis. Novel and specific histologic features on kidney biopsy related to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been gradually disclosed and reported, harboring relevant clinical and therapeutic implications. Recognizing and properly diagnosing renal involvement in patients experiencing COVID-19 could be challenging (due to the lack of direct proof of viral infection, e.g., viral particles) and requires a proper integration of clinical and pathological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gambella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonella Barreca
- Pathology Unit, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” University Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Division of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Dario Roccatello
- CMID, Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERK-Net Member), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, University of Turin, 10144 Turin, Italy;
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luca Besso
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, AO S. Croce e Carle di Cuneo, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Carolina Licata
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASL TO4, 10073 Ciriè, Italy;
| | - Angelo Attanasio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (A.A.)
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Ethyl pyruvate, a versatile protector in inflammation and autoimmunity. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:169-182. [PMID: 34999919 PMCID: PMC8742706 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has potent influence on redox processes, cellular metabolism, and inflammation. It has been intensively studied in numerous animal models of systemic and organ-specific disorders whose pathogenesis involves a strong immune component. Here, basic chemical and biological properties of EP are discussed, with an emphasis on its redox and metabolic activity. Further, its influence on myeloid and T cells is considered, as well as on intracellular signaling beyond its effect on immune cells. Also, the effects of EP on animal models of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders are presented. Finally, a possibility to apply EP as a treatment for such diseases in humans is discussed. Scientific papers cited in this review were identified using the PubMed search engine that relies on the MEDLINE database. The reference list covers the most important findings in the field in the past twenty years.
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Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Saraiva RM, Silva GMSD, Xavier SS, Sousa ASD, Costa ARD, Mendes FDSNS, Mediano MFF. Chagas disease mortality during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A Brazilian referral center experience. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0562. [PMID: 35239914 PMCID: PMC8909444 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0562-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the mortality rates of patients with Chagas disease (CD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and assessed the association between this mortality and CD clinical presentation and comorbidities. Methods: This was an observational retrospective study with clinical data retrieved from medical records. Results: Comorbidities were more prevalent among patients who died from COVID-19 than those who died from other causes. The proportion of patients according to CD clinical presentation was similar between the two groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of comorbidities seems to be related to a poorer prognosis in CD and COVID-19.
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