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Basurto E, González-Flores O, Hoffman K. Chronic MK-801 administration provokes persistent deficits in social memory in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster): A potential animal model for social deficits of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114948. [PMID: 38479476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a rodent species that has been used extensively to study biological aspects of human social bonding. Nevertheless, this species has not been studied in the context of modeling social deficits characteristic of schizophrenia. Building on studies in rodents that show that sub-chronic administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist induces persistent behavioral and neurological characteristics of schizophrenia, we administered MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, daily, for 7 days) or physiological saline to young adult (45 days old) virgin male voles. At 69 days of age, we paired these males with virgin females. 24 h later, we assessed the males' social investigation of each female across the first 5 min of a three-hour preference test, and side-by-side contact with each female during the last hour of the test. Unlike saline-treated males, MK-801-treated males did not preferentially investigate the unfamiliar female, indicating a deficit in social memory. Although males of both groups preferentially spent time with their female partner, regression analysis revealed that deficits in social memory predicted lower partner preference in MK-801-treated males. We interpret these results in the context of recent studies of the natural history of the prairie vole as well as in the context of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and propose that the social component of episodic memory might influence an individual's capacity to form and maintain long-term social bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Basurto
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal Carlos Beyer, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Panotla 90140, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal Carlos Beyer, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Panotla 90140, Mexico
| | - Kurt Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal Carlos Beyer, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Panotla 90140, Mexico.
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2
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Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Dong B, Yue Y, Dong H, Wang Y. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction as a potential contributor to the progression and manifestation of many neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1174738. [PMID: 37396784 PMCID: PMC10308130 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1174738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) are glutamate-gated ion channels critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. A slight variation of NMDAR expression and function can result in devastating consequences, and both hyperactivation and hypoactivation of NMDARs are detrimental to neural function. Compared to NMDAR hyperfunction, NMDAR hypofunction is widely implicated in many neurological disorders, such as intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, and age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, NMDAR hypofunction is associated with the progression and manifestation of these diseases. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of NMDAR hypofunction in the progression of these neurological disorders and highlight that targeting NMDAR hypofunction is a promising therapeutic intervention in some neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Chen G, Ping J, Yang L, Li C, Zhang Q, Wang L, Mac X, Li R, Sun Y, Song X, Chen L. Low-dose lithium mono- and adjunctive therapies improve MK-801-induced cognitive impairment and schizophrenia-like behavior in mice - Evidence from altered prefrontal lobe Ca 2+ activity. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00709-7. [PMID: 37244539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated lithium either as monotherapy or in combination with anti-psychotic agents to improve cognition in murine models of schizophrenia. METHODS Visualization of Ca2+ activity in the prefrontal cortex was used to characterize brain neural activity. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and fear conditioning (FCT) tests were used to characterize cognitive performance; while pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT) were used to characterize schizophrenia-like behavior. RESULTS A 28-day course of low-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 250 mg/day) combined with moderate-dose quetiapine (human equivalent dose of 600 mg/day) improved Ca2+ ratio by 70.10 %, PPI by 69.28 %, NOR by 70.09 %, MWM by 71.28 %, FCT by 68.56 %, EPM by 70.95 % and OFT by 75.23 % compared to the results of positive controls. Unexpectedly, moderate-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 500 mg/day) used either as monotherapy or as an adjunct with quetiapine worsened Ca2+ activity, PPI, MWM, FCT, EPM, and OPT. LIMITATIONS Our study cannot explain the contrasting positive and negative effects of low-dose and moderate-dose lithium, respectively, when used either as monotherapies or as adjuncts. Further studies, especially Western blotting, may reveal molecular mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 250 mg/day) combined with moderate-dose quetiapine (human equivalent dose of 600 mg/day) provided the best improvements. Furthermore, benefits persisted for 14 days post-treatment. Our data provide directions for further research of therapeutic alternatives to mitigate schizophrenia-related cognopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China; Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China; Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mac
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Langlang Chen
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
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5
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Pope KJ, Lewis TW, Fitzgibbon SP, Janani AS, Grummett TS, Williams PAH, Battersby M, Bastiampillai T, Whitham EM, Willoughby JO. Managing electromyogram contamination in scalp recordings: An approach identifying reliable beta and gamma EEG features of psychoses or other disorders. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2721. [PMID: 35919931 PMCID: PMC9480942 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In publications on the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of psychoses and other disorders, various methods are utilized to diminish electromyogram (EMG) contamination. The extent of residual EMG contamination using these methods has not been recognized. Here, we seek to emphasize the extent of residual EMG contamination of EEG. METHODS We compared scalp electrical recordings after applying different EMG-pruning methods with recordings of EMG-free data from 6 fully paralyzed healthy subjects. We calculated the ratio of the power of pruned, normal scalp electrical recordings in the six subjects, to the power of unpruned recordings in the same subjects when paralyzed. We produced "contamination graphs" for different pruning methods. RESULTS EMG contamination exceeds EEG signals progressively more as frequencies exceed 25 Hz and with distance from the vertex. In contrast, Laplacian signals are spared in central scalp areas, even to 100 Hz. CONCLUSION Given probable EMG contamination of EEG in psychiatric and other studies, few findings on beta- or gamma-frequency power can be relied upon. Based on the effectiveness of current methods of EEG de-contamination, investigators should be able to reanalyze recorded data, reevaluate conclusions from high-frequency EEG data, and be aware of limitations of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Pope
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Trent W Lewis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sean P Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azin S Janani
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler S Grummett
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia A H Williams
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Battersby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma M Whitham
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John O Willoughby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Smith BJ, Brandão-Teles C, Zuccoli GS, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Fioramonte M, Saia-Cereda VM, Martins-de-Souza D. Protein Succinylation and Malonylation as Potential Biomarkers in Schizophrenia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091408. [PMID: 36143193 PMCID: PMC9500613 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two protein post-translational modifications, lysine succinylation and malonylation, are implicated in protein regulation, glycolysis, and energy metabolism. The precursors of these modifications, succinyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, are key players in central metabolic processes. Both modification profiles have been proven to be responsive to metabolic stimuli, such as hypoxia. As mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation are implicated in schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses, these modification profiles have the potential to reveal yet another layer of protein regulation and can furthermore represent targets for biomarkers that are indicative of disease as well as its progression and treatment. In this work, data from shotgun mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics were compiled and analyzed to probe the succinylome and malonylome of postmortem brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia against controls and the human oligodendrocyte precursor cell line MO3.13 with the dizocilpine chemical model for schizophrenia, three antipsychotics, and co-treatments. Several changes in the succinylome and malonylome were seen in these comparisons, revealing these modifications to be a largely under-studied yet important form of protein regulation with broad potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Joseph Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Correspondence: (B.J.S.); (D.M.-d.-S.); Tel.: +55-(19)-3521-6129 (D.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S. Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Verônica M. Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo 04501-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (B.J.S.); (D.M.-d.-S.); Tel.: +55-(19)-3521-6129 (D.M.-d.-S.)
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7
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Liu Y, Ouyang P, Zheng Y, Mi L, Zhao J, Ning Y, Guo W. A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664535. [PMID: 34746116 PMCID: PMC8567014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by specific positive and negative primary symptoms, social behavior disturbances and cognitive deficits (e.g., impairment in working memory and cognitive flexibility). Mounting evidence suggests that altered excitability and inhibition at the molecular, cellular, circuit and network level might be the basis for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In the past decades, human and animal studies have identified that glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are critically involved in several cognitive progresses, including learning and memory. The purpose of this review is, by analyzing emerging findings relating to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory, ranging from animal models of schizophrenia to clinical studies in patients with early onset, first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, to discuss how the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance may relate to the pathophysiology of disease phenotypes such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, and highlight directions for appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Evaluation of acute and chronic nociception in subchronically administered MK-801-induced rat model of schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:571-580. [PMID: 34494988 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have been reported to exhibit atypically low pain sensitivity and to vary in their experience of chronic pain. To the best of our knowledge, there has yet to be an animal study that provides information concerning the relationship between models of schizophrenia and pain. In the present study, we investigated several distinct nociceptive behaviors in a translational rat model of schizophrenia (0. 5 mg/kg MK-801, twice a day for 7 days followed by a 7-day washout period). The presence of the expected cognitive deficit was confirmed with novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm prior to nociception testing. MK-801-treated rats with lack of novelty interest in NOR testing showed: hyposensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli; short-term hypoalgesia followed by augmented hyperalgesia in response to formalin-induced spontaneous nociception and increased thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced chronic pain model. In conclusion, MK-801 induced antinociception effects for thermal stimuli in rats that were consistent with the decreased pain sensitivity observed in schizophrenia patients. Additionally, the amplified biphasic response exhibited by the MK-801 group in the formalin-induced spontaneous nociception test affirms the suitability of the test as a model of acute to delayed pain transition.
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9
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Multimodal electrophysiological analyses reveal that reduced synaptic excitatory neurotransmission underlies seizures in a model of NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1106. [PMID: 34545200 PMCID: PMC8452639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a prominent feature in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antibody (NMDAR antibody) encephalitis, a distinct neuro-immunological disorder in which specific human autoantibodies bind and crosslink the surface of NMDAR proteins thereby causing internalization and a state of NMDAR hypofunction. To further understand ictogenesis in this disorder, and to test a potential treatment compound, we developed an NMDAR antibody mediated rat seizure model that displays spontaneous epileptiform activity in vivo and in vitro. Using a combination of electrophysiological and dynamic causal modelling techniques we show that, contrary to expectation, reduction of synaptic excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission underlies the ictal events through alterations in the dynamical behaviour of microcircuits in brain tissue. Moreover, in vitro application of a neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulphate, that upregulates NMDARs, reduced established ictal activity. This proof-of-concept study highlights the complexity of circuit disturbances that may lead to seizures and the potential use of receptor-specific treatments in antibody-mediated seizures and epilepsy.
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10
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Loiodice S, Drinkenburg WH, Ahnaou A, McCarthy A, Viardot G, Cayre E, Rion B, Bertaina-Anglade V, Mano M, L’Hostis P, Drieu La Rochelle C, Kas MJ, Danjou P. Mismatch negativity as EEG biomarker supporting CNS drug development: a transnosographic and translational study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:253. [PMID: 33927180 PMCID: PMC8085207 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of translation from basic research into new medicines is a major challenge in CNS drug development. The need to use novel approaches relying on (i) patient clustering based on neurobiology irrespective to symptomatology and (ii) quantitative biomarkers focusing on evolutionarily preserved neurobiological systems allowing back-translation from clinical to nonclinical research has been highlighted. Here we sought to evaluate the mismatch negativity (MMN) response in schizophrenic (SZ) patients, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and age-matched healthy controls. To evaluate back-translation of the MMN response, we developed EEG-based procedures allowing the measurement of MMN-like responses in a rat model of schizophrenia and a mouse model of AD. Our results indicate a significant MMN attenuation in SZ but not in AD patients. Consistently with the clinical findings, we observed a significant attenuation of deviance detection (~104.7%) in rats subchronically exposed to phencyclidine, while no change was observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice when compared to wild type. This study provides new insight into the cross-disease evaluation of the MMN response. Our findings suggest further investigations to support the identification of neurobehavioral subtypes that may help patients clustering for precision medicine intervention. Furthermore, we provide evidence that MMN could be used as a quantitative/objective efficacy biomarker during both preclinical and clinical stages of SZ drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Wilhelmus H. Drinkenburg
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Ahnaou
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrew McCarthy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH UK
| | - Geoffrey Viardot
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
| | - Emilie Cayre
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Rion
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - Marsel Mano
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
| | | | | | - Martien J. Kas
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Danjou
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
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11
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Fujihara K, Sato T, Higeta K, Miyasaka Y, Mashimo T, Yanagawa Y. Behavioral Consequences of a Combination of Gad1 Haplodeficiency and Adolescent Exposure to an NMDA Receptor Antagonist in Long-Evans Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646088. [PMID: 33859565 PMCID: PMC8042137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase 67-kDa isoform (GAD67), which is encoded by the GAD1 gene, is one of the key enzymes that produce GABA. The reduced expression of GAD67 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, the excitatory glutamatergic system plays an important role in the development of this disorder. Animal model studies have revealed that chronic blockade of NMDA-type glutamate receptors can cause GABAergic dysfunction and long-lasting behavioral abnormalities. Based on these findings, we speculated that Gad1 haplodeficiency combined with chronic NMDA receptor blockade would lead to larger behavioral consequences relevant to schizophrenia in a rat model. In this study, we administered an NMDAR antagonist, MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg), to CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gad1+/− rats during adolescence to test this hypothesis. The MK-801 treated Gad1+/− rats showed a shorter duration in each rearing episode in the open field test than the saline-treated Gad1+/+ rats. In contrast, immobility in the forced swim test was increased and fear extinction was impaired in Gad1+/− rats irrespective of MK-801 treatment. Interestingly, the time spent in the center region of the elevated plus-maze was significantly affected only in the saline-treated Gad1+/− rats. Additionally, the MK-801-induced impairment of the social novelty preference was not observed in Gad1+/− rats. These results suggest that the synergistic and additive effects of Gad1 haplodeficiency and NMDA receptor blockade during adolescence on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be more limited than expected. Findings from this study also imply that these two factors mainly affect negative or affective symptoms, rather than positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takumi Sato
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuya Higeta
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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12
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Nahar L, Delacroix BM, Nam HW. The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679960. [PMID: 34220586 PMCID: PMC8249927 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While great progress has been made in the understanding of neurological illnesses, the pathologies, and etiologies that give rise to these diseases still remain an enigma, thus, also making treatments for them more challenging. For effective and individualized treatment, it is beneficial to identify the underlying mechanisms that govern the associated cognitive and behavioral processes that go awry in neurological disorders. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons (Pv-FSI) are GABAergic cells that are only a small fraction of the brain's neuronal network, but manifest unique cellular and molecular properties that drastically influence the downstream effects on signaling and ultimately change cognitive behaviors. Proper brain functioning relies heavily on neuronal communication which Pv-FSI regulates, excitatory-inhibitory balances and GABAergic disinhibition between circuitries. This review highlights the depth of Pv-FSI involvement in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, as it pertains to expression, neurotransmission, role in neurological disorders, and dysfunction, as well as cognitive behavior and reward-seeking. Recent research has indicated that Pv-FSI play pivotal roles in the molecular pathophysiology and cognitive-behavioral deficits that are core features of many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and drug addiction. This suggests that Pv-FSI could be viable targets for treatment of these disorders and thus calls for further examination of the undeniable impact Pv-FSI have on the brain and cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Blake M Delacroix
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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13
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Loureiro CM, Fachim HA, Corsi-Zuelli F, Shuhama R, Joca S, Menezes PR, Dalton CF, Del-Ben CM, Louzada-Junior P, Reynolds GP. Epigenetic-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor changes in the brain of isolated reared rats. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1983-1997. [PMID: 33242253 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated: Grin1, Grin2a, Grin2b DNA methylation; NR1 and NR2 mRNA/protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); and hippocampus of male Wistar rats exposed to isolation rearing. Materials & methods: Animals were kept isolated or grouped (n = 10/group) from weaning for 10 weeks. Tissues were dissected for RNA/DNA extraction and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA and pyrosequencing. Results: Isolated-reared animals had: decreased mRNA in PFC for all markers, increased NR1 protein in hippocampus and hypermethylation of Grin1 in PFC and Grin2b in hippocampus, compared with grouped rats. Associations between mRNA/protein and DNA methylation were found for both brain areas. Conclusion: This study indicates that epigenetic DNA methylation may underlie N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mRNA/protein expression alterations caused by isolation rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helene Aparecida Fachim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Kumar V, Manchegowda S, Jacob A, Rao NP. Glutamate metabolites in treatment resistant schizophrenia: A meta-analysis and systematic review of 1H-MRS studies. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111080. [PMID: 32279055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a third to half of schizophrenia patients are non-responsive to first-line antipsychotics and are labelled treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Neurochemical abnormalities in TRS may not be dopaminergic but possibly glutamate (Glu) related. Studies that have examined glutamatergic abnormalities using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in TRS, have showed inconsistent results. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies comparing levels of Glu-and its metabolites in the brains of TRS and non-treatment resistant schizophrenia (nTRS) patients. Four eligible studies were included in the analysis. Summary effect size for the group difference between TRS (n = 101, including Ultra-TRS) and nTRS (n = 61) in Glu-levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as measured with Hedges's g was 0.21 (95% CI: -0.42 to 0.85; p = 0.5) suggesting absence of significant difference. However, on leave one out analysis, one iteration showed significant difference in Glu-levels between the groups (Hedges's g = 0.46; p = 0.02) with higher Glu-levels in TRS implying significant effect of a single study on the effect size. The higher ACC Glu-in TRS was not associated with symptom severity or antipsychotic administration, indicating a possible trait abnormality. The limited number of datasets comparing Glu-metabolites in other brain regions are narratively described. Our analysis is limited by the significant heterogeneity between studies. Further longitudinal, prospective studies are needed to confirm higher Glu-metabolite levels in ACC in TRS and explore this potential trait abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shayanth Manchegowda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Sonnenschein SF, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Dysregulation of Midbrain Dopamine System and the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:613. [PMID: 32719622 PMCID: PMC7350524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopamine system is central to many models of the pathophysiology of psychosis in schizophrenia. However, emerging evidence suggests that this dysregulation is driven by the disruption of upstream circuits that provide afferent control of midbrain dopamine neurons. Furthermore, stress can profoundly disrupt this regulatory circuit, particularly when it is presented at critical vulnerable prepubertal time points. This review will discuss the dopamine system and the circuits that regulate it, focusing on the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, thalamic nuclei, and medial septum, and the impact of stress. A greater understanding of the regulation of the dopamine system and its disruption in schizophrenia may provide a more complete neurobiological framework to interpret clinical findings and develop novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F. Sonnenschein
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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16
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The protective effects of Mogroside V and its metabolite 11-oxo-mogrol of intestinal microbiota against MK801-induced neuronal damages. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1011-1026. [PMID: 31900523 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal models, notably with non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, are commonly used to investigate the mechanisms of schizophrenia and to pursue its mechanism-related drug discoveries. OBJECTIVES In the current study, we have extensively examined the protective effects of MogrosideV (MogV), a plant-derived three terpene glucoside known to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated its protective effects against neuronal damages elicited by MK-801 treatment. Our behavioral experimental results showed that MK-801-induced PPI deficits and social withdrawal were prevented by MogV treatment. Moreover, the cellular and neurochemical responses of MK-801 in medial prefrontal cortical cortex (mPFC) were also ameliorated by MogV treatment. Also, profiling metabolites assay through artificial intestinal microbiota was performed to identify bioactive components of MogV. An in vitro study of primary neuronal culture demonstrated that MogV and its metabolite 11-oxo-mogrol treatment prevented the MK-801-induced neuronal damages through the mechanisms of promoting neurite outgrowth, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and [Ca2+]i release. Additionally, 11-oxo-mogrol reversed inactivation of phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR induced by MK801. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest therapeutic potential of MogV for schizophrenia.
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17
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Ma YN, Sun YX, Wang T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Su YA, Li JT, Si TM. Subchronic MK-801 treatment during adolescence induces long-term, not permanent, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 867:172807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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de Bartolomeis A, Manchia M, Marmo F, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F, Barone A. Glycine Signaling in the Framework of Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction and Postsynaptic Density. Implications for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32477178 PMCID: PMC7240307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) or suboptimal response to antipsychotics affects almost 30% of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, and it is a relevant clinical issue with significant impact on the functional outcome and on the global burden of disease. Among putative novel treatments, glycine-centered therapeutics (i.e. sarcosine, glycine itself, D-Serine, and bitopertin) have been proposed, based on a strong preclinical rationale with, however, mixed clinical results. Therefore, a better appraisal of glycine interaction with the other major players of SCZ pathophysiology and specifically in the framework of dopamine - glutamate interactions is warranted. New methodological approaches at cutting edge of technology and drug discovery have been applied to study the role of glycine in glutamate signaling, both at presynaptic and post-synaptic level and have been instrumental for unveiling the role of glycine in dopamine-glutamate interaction. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. In caudal areas of central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord and brainstem, glycine acts as a powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter through binding to its receptor, i.e. the Glycine Receptor (GlyR). However, glycine also works as a co-agonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glycine concentration in the synaptic cleft is finely tuned by glycine transporters, i.e. GlyT1 and GlyT2, that regulate the neurotransmitter's reuptake, with the first considered a highly potential target for psychosis therapy. Reciprocal regulation of dopamine and glycine in forebrain, glycine modulation of glutamate, glycine signaling interaction with postsynaptic density proteins at glutamatergic synapse, and human genetics of glycinergic pathways in SCZ are tackled in order to highlight the exploitation of this neurotransmitters and related molecules in SCZ and TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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19
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Chien VSC, Maess B, Knösche TR. A generic deviance detection principle for cortical On/Off responses, omission response, and mismatch negativity. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2019; 113:475-494. [PMID: 31428855 PMCID: PMC6848254 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-019-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural responses to sudden changes can be observed in many parts of the sensory pathways at different organizational levels. For example, deviants that violate regularity at various levels of abstraction can be observed as simple On/Off responses of individual neurons or as cumulative responses of neural populations. The cortical deviance-related responses supporting different functionalities (e.g., gap detection, chunking, etc.) seem unlikely to arise from different function-specific neural circuits, given the relatively uniform and self-similar wiring patterns across cortical areas and spatial scales. Additionally, reciprocal wiring patterns (with heterogeneous combinations of excitatory and inhibitory connections) in the cortex naturally speak in favor of a generic deviance detection principle. Based on this concept, we propose a network model consisting of reciprocally coupled neural masses as a blueprint of a universal change detector. Simulation examples reproduce properties of cortical deviance-related responses including the On/Off responses, the omitted-stimulus response (OSR), and the mismatch negativity (MMN). We propose that the emergence of change detectors relies on the involvement of disinhibition. An analysis of network connection settings further suggests a supportive effect of synaptic adaptation and a destructive effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-r) antagonists on change detection. We conclude that the nature of cortical reciprocal wiring gives rise to a whole range of local change detectors supporting the notion of a generic deviance detection principle. Several testable predictions are provided based on the network model. Notably, we predict that the NMDA-r antagonists would generally dampen the cortical Off response, the cortical OSR, and the MMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S. C. Chien
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Knösche
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Krajcovic B, Fajnerova I, Horacek J, Kelemen E, Kubik S, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Neural and neuronal discoordination in schizophrenia: From ensembles through networks to symptoms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13282. [PMID: 31002202 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial knowledge accumulated by past research, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and causal treatments still remain unclear. Deficits of cognition and information processing in schizophrenia are today often viewed as the primary and core symptoms of this devastating disorder. These deficits likely result from disruptions in the coordination of neuronal and neural activity. The aim of this review is to bring together convergent evidence of discoordinated brain circuits in schizophrenia at multiple levels of resolution, ranging from principal cells and interneurons, neuronal ensembles and local circuits, to large-scale brain networks. We show how these aberrations could underlie deficits in cognitive control and other higher order cognitive-behavioural functions. Converging evidence from both animal models and patients with schizophrenia is presented in an effort to gain insight into common features of deficits in the brain information processing in this disorder, marked by disruption of several neurotransmitter and signalling systems and severe behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Krajcovic
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Fajnerova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Kelemen
- Research Programme 1 - Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kubik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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21
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Lee G, Zhou Y. NMDAR Hypofunction Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:185. [PMID: 31417356 PMCID: PMC6685005 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been proposed to help understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was based on early observations that NMDAR antagonists could induce a full range of symptoms of schizophrenia in normal human subjects. Accumulating evidence in humans and animal studies points to NMDAR hypofunctionality as a convergence point for various symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we review animal models of NMDAR hypofunction generated by pharmacological and genetic approaches, and how they relate to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, we discuss the limitations of animal models of NMDAR hypofunction and their potential utility for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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22
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Zou Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Ji W, Mao L, Lei H. Age-dependent effects of (+)-MK801 treatment on glutamate release and metabolism in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104503. [PMID: 31299416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NMDAR antagonist treatments in adolescent/young adult rodents are associated with augmented glutamate (Glu) release and perturbed Glu/glutamine (Gln) metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) resembling those found in first-episode schizophrenia. Few studies, however, investigated NMDAR antagonist-induced changes in the adult mPFC and whether there is an age-dependence to this end. In this study, the effects of acute/repeated (+)-MK801 treatment on Glu release/metabolism were measured in the mPFC of male adolescent (postnatal day 30) and adult (14 weeks) rats. Acute (+)-MK801 treatment at 0.5 mg/kg body weight induced an approximately 4-fold increase of extracellular Glu concentration in the adolescent rats, and repeated treatment for 6 consecutive days significantly increased the levels of Glu + Gln (Glx) and glial metabolites 7 days after the last dose. Histologically (+)-MK801 treatments induced reactive astrocytosis and elevated oxidative stress in the mPFC of adolescent rats, without causing evident neuronal degeneration in the region. All (+)-MK801-induced changes observed in the mPFC of adolescent rats were not present or evident in the adult rats, suggesting that the treatments might have caused less disinhibition in the adult mPFC than in the adolescent mPFC. In conclusion, the effects of (+)-MK801 treatments on the Glu release/metabolism in the mPFC were found to be age-dependent; and the adult mPFC is likely equipped with more robust neurobiological mechanisms to preserve excitatory-inhibitory balance in response to NMDAR hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Hao Lei
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Short-Term Exposure to Enriched Environment in Adult Rats Restores MK-801-Induced Cognitive Deficits and GABAergic Interneuron Immunoreactivity Loss. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:26-41. [PMID: 28822057 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in rodents emulate some cognitive impairments and neurochemical alterations, such as decreased GABAergic (gamma aminobutyric acid) interneuron immunoreactivity, also found in schizophrenia. These features are pervasive, and developing neuroprotective or neurorestorative strategies is of special interest. In this work, we aimed to investigate if a short exposure to enriched environment (EE) in early adulthood (P55-P73) was an effective strategy to improve cognitive dysfunction and to restore interneuron expression in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). For that purpose, we administered MK-801 intraperitoneally to Long Evans rats from postnatal days 10 to 20. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, MK-801 produced a transient decrease in spontaneous motor activity and exploration, but those abnormalities were absent at P24 and P55. The open field test on P73 manifested that EE reduced anxiety-like behavior. In addition, MK-801-treated rats showed cognitive impairment in novel object recognition test that was reversed by EE. We quantified different interneuron populations based on their calcium-binding protein expression (parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, and neuronal nuclei-positive cells by means of unbiased stereology and found that EE enhanced interneuron immunoreactivity up to normal values in MK-801-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that a timely intervention with EE is a powerful tool to reverse long-lasting changes in cognition and neurochemical markers of interneurons in an animal model of schizophrenia.
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Adem A, Madjid N, Stiedl O, Bonito-Oliva A, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Holst S, Fisone G, Ögren SO. Atypical but not typical antipsychotic drugs ameliorate phencyclidine-induced emotional memory impairments in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:616-628. [PMID: 30910381 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairments related to hypofunction in glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) transmission. Phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, models schizophrenia-like behavioral symptoms including cognitive deficits in rodents. This study examined the effects of PCP on emotional memory function examined in the passive avoidance (PA) task in mice and the ability of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) to rectify the PCP-mediated impairment. Pre-training administration of PCP (0.5, 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg) dose-dependently interfered with memory consolidation in the PA task. In contrast, PCP was ineffective when administered after training, and immediately before the retention test indicating that NMDAR blockade interferes with memory encoding mechanisms. The typical APD haloperidol and the dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist raclopride failed to block the PCP-induced PA impairment suggesting a negligible role of D2 receptors in the PCP impairment. In contrast, the memory impairment was blocked by the atypical APDs clozapine and olanzapine in a dose-dependent manner while risperidone was effective only at the highest dose tested (1 mg/kg). The PCP-induced impairment involves 5-HT1A receptor mechanisms since the antagonist NAD-299 blocked the memory impairment caused by PCP and the ability of clozapine to attenuate the impairment by PCP. These results indicate that atypical but not typical APDs can ameliorate NMDAR-mediated memory impairments and support the view that atypical APDs such as clozapine can modulate glutamatergic memory dysfunctions through 5-HT1A receptor mechanisms. These findings suggest that atypical APDs may improve cognitive impairments related to glutamatergic dysfunction relevant for emotional memories in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nather Madjid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Stiedl
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Åsa Konradsson-Geuken
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Holst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Bygrave AM, Kilonzo K, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Can N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Schizophrenia Be Localized to an Individual Cell Type? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31824347 PMCID: PMC6881463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs), whether caused by endogenous factors like auto-antibodies or mutations, or by pharmacological or genetic manipulations, produces a wide variety of deficits which overlap with-but do not precisely match-the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia. In order to understand how NMDAR hypofunction leads to different components of the syndrome, it is necessary to take into account which neuronal subtypes are particularly affected by it in terms of detrimental functional alterations. We provide a comprehensive overview detailing findings in rodent models with cell type-specific knockout of NMDARs. Regarding inhibitory cortical cells, an emerging model suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons is a potential risk factor for this disease. PV interneurons display a selective vulnerability resulting from a combination of genetic, cellular, and environmental factors that produce pathological multi-level positive feedback loops. Central to this are two antioxidant mechanisms-NMDAR activity and perineuronal nets-which are themselves impaired by oxidative stress, amplifying disinhibition. However, NMDAR hypofunction in excitatory pyramidal cells also produces a range of schizophrenia-related deficits, in particular maladaptive learning and memory recall. Furthermore, NMDAR blockade in the thalamus disturbs thalamocortical communication, and NMDAR ablation in dopaminergic neurons may provoke over-generalization in associative learning, which could relate to the positive symptom domain. Therefore, NMDAR hypofunction can produce schizophrenia-related effects through an action on various different circuits and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Konte B, Leicht G, Giegling I, Pogarell O, Karch S, Hartmann AM, Friedl M, Hegerl U, Rujescu D, Mulert C. A genome-wide association study of early gamma-band response in a schizophrenia case-control sample. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:602-609. [PMID: 28922980 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1366054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disturbances in the gamma-frequency band of electroencephalography (EEG) measures are among the most consistently observed intermediate phenotypes in schizophrenia. We assessed whether genetic variations are associated with gamma-band activity. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association analysis of the early auditory evoked gamma-band response in schizophrenia affected subjects and healthy control individuals (in total N = 315). RESULTS No marker surpassed the threshold for genome-wide significant association. Several of the markers that were closest to significance mapped to genes involved in neuronal development and the Neuregulin-ErbB signalling network, such as NRG2 and KALRN. Using a gene-set enrichment analysis, we found suggestive evidence for association with genes involved in EEG abnormality (P = .048). CONCLUSIONS We identified no marker genome-wide significantly associating with gamma response; independent replication of the gene-set analysis result and larger sample sizes will be required to provide leads to cellular pathways involved in gamma-band activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Konte
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- b Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Imaging Center NeuroImage Nord and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Marion Friedl
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- d Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- b Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Imaging Center NeuroImage Nord and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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Electrophysiological evidence for abnormal glutamate-GABA association following psychosis onset. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:211. [PMID: 30297786 PMCID: PMC6175929 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown glutamatergic dysfunction and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. Animal studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction and GABA-ergic dysfunction interact with each other and lead to alterations in excitatory/inhibitory balance. The NMDAR and GABAergic-interneuron functions may be indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN) and auditory steady-state gamma-band response (ASSR), respectively. However, no previous studies have tested the hypothesis of an abnormal association between MMN and gamma-band ASSR in the same patients to identify the in vivo evidence of NMDAR-GABA association during the early stages of psychosis. Participants were individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSZ; N = 21), ultra-high risk (UHR; N = 27), and healthy controls (HCs; N = 24). The MMN amplitude was significantly impaired in ROSZ (p = 0.001, d = 1.20) and UHR (p = 0.003, d = 1.01) compared with HCs. The intertrial phase coherence (ITC) index of gamma-band ASSR was significantly reduced in ROSZ compared with HCs (p < 0.001, d = -1.27) and UHR (p = 0.032, d = -0.75). The event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) index of gamma-band ASSR was significantly smaller in ROSZ compared with HCs (p < 0.001, d = -1.21). The MMN amplitude was significantly correlated with the ITC in ROSZ (r = -0.69, p < 0.001). These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that an abnormal association of the electrophysiological indices of NMDAR and GABA dysfunctions may be present in recent-onset schizophrenia.
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28
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Zhao J, Liu X, Huo C, Zhao T, Ye H. Abnormalities in Prefrontal Cortical Gene Expression Profiles Relevant to Schizophrenia in MK-801-Exposed C57BL/6 Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 390:60-78. [PMID: 30102956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, disturbs NMDAR function in rodents and induces psychological and behavioral changes similar to schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the effects of MK-801 treatment on gene expression are largely unknown. Here we performed RNA-sequencing on the prefrontal cortex of MK-801-exposed male mice in order to analyze gene expression and co-expression patterns related to SCZ and to identify mechanisms that underlie the molecular etiology of this disorder. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were more often associated with biological processes that included postsynaptic transmission, immune system process, response to external stimulus and hemostasis. In order to extract comprehensive biological information, we used an approach for biclustering, called FABIA, to simultaneously cluster transcriptomic data across genes and conditions. When combined with analyses using DAVID and STRING databases, we found that co-expression patterns were altered in synapse-related genes and genes central to the mitochondrial network. Abnormal co-expression of genes mediating synaptic vesicle cycling could disturb release, uptake and reuptake of glutamate, and the perturbation in co-expression patterns for mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was extensive. Our study supports the hypothesis that research using MK-801-exposed male mice as an animal model of SCZ offers important insights into the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunyue Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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29
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Huo C, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhao T, Huang H, Ye H. Abnormalities in behaviour, histology and prefrontal cortical gene expression profiles relevant to schizophrenia in embryonic day 17 MAM-Exposed C57BL/6 mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:287-301. [PMID: 30056124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gestational and perinatal disruption of neural development increases the risk of developing schizophrenia (SCZ) later in life. Embryonic day 17 (E17) methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treatment leads to histological, physiological and behavioural abnormalities in post-puberty rats that model the neuropathological and cognitive deficits reported in SCZ patients. However, the validity of E17 MAM-exposed mice to model SCZ has not been explored. Here we treated E17 C57BL/6 mouse dams with various dosages of MAM. We found that this mouse strain was more vulnerable to MAM treatment than rats and there were gender differences in behavioural abnormalities, histological changes and prefrontal cortical gene expression profiles in MAM (7.5 mg/kg)-exposed mice. Both male and female MAM-exposed mice had deficits in prepulse inhibition. Female MAM-exposed mice exhibited mildly increased spontaneous locomotion activity and social recognition deficits, while male mice were normal. Consistently, only female MAM-exposed mice exhibited reduced brain weight, decreased size of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and enlarged lateral ventricles. Transcriptome analysis of the PFC revealed that there were more differentially expressed genes in female MAM-exposed mice than those in male mice. Moreover, expression of Pvalb, Arc and genes in their association networks were downregulated in the PFC of female MAM-exposed mice. These results indicate that E17 MAM-exposure in C57BL/6 mice leads to behavioural changes that model certain deficits reported in SCZ patients. MAM-exposed female mice may be used to study gene expression changes, inhibitory neural circuit dysfunction and glutamatergic synaptic plasticity deficits with a possible relation to those in the brains of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jialu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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30
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Ben-Azu B, Omogbiya IA, Aderibigbe AO, Umukoro S, Ajayi AM, Iwalewa EO. Doxycycline prevents and reverses schizophrenic-like behaviors induced by ketamine in mice via modulation of oxidative, nitrergic and cholinergic pathways. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:114-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Neuregulin-2 ablation results in dopamine dysregulation and severe behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1233-1243. [PMID: 28322273 PMCID: PMC5608621 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic and functional studies implicate variants of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its neuronal receptor ErbB4 in schizophrenia and many of its endophenotypes. Although the neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes of NRG1 mutant mice have been investigated extensively, practically nothing is known about the function of NRG2, the closest NRG1 homolog. We found that NRG2 expression in the adult rodent brain does not overlap with NRG1 and is more extensive than originally reported, including expression in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and therefore generated NRG2 knockout mice (KO) to study its function. NRG2 KOs have higher extracellular dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum but lower levels in the mPFC; a pattern with similarities to dopamine dysbalance in schizophrenia. Like ErbB4 KO mice, NRG2 KOs performed abnormally in a battery of behavioral tasks relevant to psychiatric disorders. NRG2 KOs exhibit hyperactivity in a novelty-induced open field, deficits in prepulse inhibition, hypersensitivity to amphetamine, antisocial behaviors, reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and deficits in the T-maze alteration reward test-a task dependent on hippocampal and mPFC function. Acute administration of clozapine rapidly increased extracellular dopamine levels in the mPFC and improved alternation T-maze performance. Similar to mice treated chronically with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, we demonstrate that NMDAR synaptic currents in NRG2 KOs are augmented at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses and are more sensitive to ifenprodil, indicating an increased contribution of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Our findings reveal a novel role for NRG2 in the modulation of behaviors with relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Riordan AJ, Schaler AW, Fried J, Paine TA, Thornton JE. Estradiol and luteinizing hormone regulate recognition memory following subchronic phencyclidine: Evidence for hippocampal GABA action. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29529524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are poorly understood and difficult to treat. Estrogens may mitigate these symptoms via unknown mechanisms. To examine these mechanisms, we tested whether increasing estradiol (E) or decreasing luteinizing hormone (LH) could mitigate short-term episodic memory loss in a phencyclidine (PCP) model of schizophrenia. We then assessed whether changes in cortical or hippocampal GABA may underlie these effects. Female rats were ovariectomized and injected subchronically with PCP. To modulate E and LH, animals received estradiol capsules or Antide injections. Short-term episodic memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task (NORT). Brain expression of GAD67 was analyzed via western blot, and parvalbumin-containing cells were counted using immunohistochemistry. Some rats received hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist, GABAA antagonist, or GAD inhibitor before behavioral testing. We found that PCP reduced hippocampal GAD67 and abolished recognition memory. Antide restored hippocampal GAD67 and rescued recognition memory in PCP-treated animals. Estradiol prevented PCP's amnesic effect in NORT but failed to restore hippocampal GAD67. PCP did not cause significant differences in number of parvalbumin-expressing cells or cortical expression of GAD67. Hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist restored recognition memory in PCP-treated rats. Blocking hippocampal GAD or GABAA receptors in ovx animals reproduced recognition memory loss similar to PCP and inhibited estradiol's protection of recognition memory in PCP-treated animals. In summary, decreasing LH or increasing E can lessen short-term episodic memory loss, as measured by novel object recognition, in a PCP model of schizophrenia. Alterations in hippocampal GABA may contribute to both PCP's effects on recognition memory and the hormones' ability to prevent or reverse them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Riordan
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
| | - Ari W Schaler
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Jenny Fried
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Tracie A Paine
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Janice E Thornton
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
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Hudgens-Haney ME, Ethridge LE, McDowell JE, Keedy SK, Pearlson GD, Tamminga CA, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA. Psychosis subgroups differ in intrinsic neural activity but not task-specific processing. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:222-230. [PMID: 28844436 PMCID: PMC5826774 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with psychosis often show high levels of intrinsic, or nonspecific, neural activity, but attenuated stimulus-specific activity. Clementz et al. (2016) proposed that one subgroup of psychosis cases has accentuated intrinsic activity (Biotype-2's) and a different subgroup (Biotype-1's) has diminished intrinsic activity, with both groups exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive deficits. This model was studied by assessing neural activity in psychosis probands (N=105) during baseline and a 5second period in preparation for a pro-/anti-saccade task. Steady-state stimuli allowed real-time assessment of modulation of visuocortical investment to different target locations. Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance. As expected, Biotype-1 showed diminished intrinsic neural activity and the worst behavior, and Biotype-2 showed accentuated intrinsic activity and less deviant behavior. Both of these groups also exhibited less dynamic oscillatory phase synchrony. Biotype-3 showed no neurophysiological differences from healthy individuals, despite a history of psychosis. Interestingly, all psychosis subgroups showed normal (i.e., not different from healthy) preparatory modulation of visuocortical investment as a function of cognitive demands, despite varying levels of task performance. Similar analyses conducted subgrouping cases by psychotic symptomatology revealed fewer and less consistent differences, including no intrinsic activity differences between any clinical subgroup and healthy individuals. This study illustrates that (i) differences in intrinsic neural activity may be a fundamental characteristic of psychosis and need to be evaluated separately from stimulus-specific responses, and (ii) grouping patients based on multidimensional classification using neurobiological data may have advantages for resolving heterogeneity and clarifying illness mechanisms relative to traditional psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Hudgens-Haney
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lauren E. Ethridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Jennifer E. McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sarah K. Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | | | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, UT-Southwestern, Dallas, Texas,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brett A. Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Brett A. Clementz, Ph.D. Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. , 706-542-2174
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Smith KM. Hyperactivity in mice lacking one allele of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:267-271. [PMID: 29556956 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic interneuron loss, maturational delay or imbalance of glutamatergic to GABAergic signaling has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders including Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In schizophrenia, decreases in parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (Sst) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) RNA have been observed and seem to indicate a failure in maturation in PV and Sst neurons. In Tourette syndrome, which has a high level of comorbid ADHD, reduced numbers of parvalbumin expressing neurons have been observed in the basal ganglia of affected patients. In addition, polymorphisms in the GAD1 gene that codes for GAD67 protein have been associated with ADHD. We have examined whether mice with a disrupted Gad67 allele, the Gad67 GFP knock-in mice (Gad67-GFP+/-), display abnormal locomotor behavior or altered anxiety behavior on the elevated plus maze. We found that Gad67-GFP+/- mice displayed a mild hyperactivity compared to control littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Müller Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA, 70504-3602, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Hippocampal GABA A antagonism reverses the novel object recognition deficit in sub-chronic phencyclidine-treated rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 342:11-18. [PMID: 29289597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal GABAergic function are postulated to be major causes of the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). There are conflicting views on whether diminished or enhanced GABAergic activity contributes to the deficit in short-term novel object recognition (NOR) in the sub-chronic phencyclidine (scPCP) rodent model of CIAS. This study assessed the role of GABAA signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in NOR in saline (scSAL)- and scPCP-treated rats. METHODS The effects of local administration of a GABAA agonist (muscimol) into the vHPC or mPFC and an antagonist (bicuculline) or a GABAA/benzodiazepine partial agonist (bretazenil) into the vHPC on NOR in scSAL and scPCP-treated rats were determined. RESULTS In scSAL-treated rats, injection of muscimol into the vHPC, but not mPFC, induced a deficit in NOR. The scPCP-induced NOR deficit was significantly reversed by intra-vHPC bicuculline, while intra-vHPC bretazenil produced a non-significant trend for reversal (p = .06). scPCP treatment increased mRNA expression of GABAA γ2 in PFC and GABAA α5 and GABAA β1 in the HPC. However, GABA concentration in the PFC or HPC was not altered. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the scPCP-induced NOR deficit can be rescued by reducing GABAA receptor stimulation in vHPC, indicating that increased vHPC GABAA inhibition may contribute to the scPCP-induced NOR deficit in rats. These results also indicate that excessive GABAA receptor signalling in the vHPC has a deleterious effect on NOR in normal rats.
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Lemercier CE, Holman C, Gerevich Z. Aberrant alpha and gamma oscillations ex vivo after single application of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:118-124. [PMID: 28109667 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with altered cortical neuronal oscillations in multiple frequency bands such as alpha (7-13Hz) and gamma (30-90Hz) rhythms. NMDA receptor antagonists induce psychotic symptoms in humans and a schizophrenia-like phenotype in animals, suggesting NMDA receptor dysfunction is involved in the generation of many symptoms of the disorder. We investigated the effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in rats, a model of first-episode schizophrenia, on network oscillations recorded ex vivo in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. We found that spontaneous gamma oscillations in hippocampal slices of MK-801-treated animals had a higher peak frequency, but that their rate of occurrence, peak power and Q factor (ratio of peak frequency to half bandwidth) were not affected. Hippocampal gamma oscillations induced by application of acetylcholine displayed a higher peak power, a reduced peak frequency and a shortened induction latency, whereas the Q factor did not change. In the prefrontal cortex, co-application of carbachol and kainate induced two types of network activity in sham animals: continuous gamma oscillations and alternating alpha/gamma oscillations. In MK-801-treated animals, the alternating pattern completely disappeared, and only continuous gamma oscillations could be detected, possessing an increased peak power, decreased peak frequency and decreased Q factor. Alpha oscillations recorded in MK-801-treated animals also had a significantly lower Q factor. In conclusion, our data suggest that NMDA receptor antagonists fundamentally alter the power, peak frequency, dynamics and periodicity of neuronal oscillations in the alpha and gamma frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément E Lemercier
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Constance Holman
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Ding J, Zhou HH, Ma QR, He ZY, Ma JB, Liu YM, Zhang YW, He YQ, Liu J. Expression of NR1 and apoptosis levels in the hippocampal cells of mice treated with MK‑801. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8359-8364. [PMID: 28990059 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate receptor R1 (NR1) expression and apoptosis in the nerve cells of the hippocampus in schizophrenia‑like mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to the following groups: i) Blank group; ii) MK‑801 group; iii) MK‑801+NMDA group, according to body weight. The NMDAR antagonist, MK‑801 (0.6 mg/kg/d) was intraperitoneally injected daily for 14 days to induce a schizophrenia‑like phenotype mouse model, and the effect of the NMDA injection via the lateral ventricle was observed. The results demonstrated that the number of NR1 positive cells in the MK‑801 group increased in the CA1 and DG regions, indicating that NMDA may reverse this change. The level of damage decreased in the MK‑801 treated group when compared with the blank group in the CA3 region. The protein expression of NR1 increased however, at the mRNA expression level, NR1 was lower in the MK‑801 treated group when compared to the blank group; NMDA also reversed this change. In addition, early and total apoptosis detected in the hippocampal nerve cells was significantly increased in the MK‑801 group when compared with the blank group, which was reversible following treatment with NMDA. These results indicated that NMDA may regulate the expression of NR1 and suppress apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells in schizophrenia‑like mice. Thus, NR1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhou
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Rui Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ming Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Kaneta H, Ukai W, Tsujino H, Furuse K, Kigawa Y, Tayama M, Ishii T, Hashimoto E, Kawanishi C. Antipsychotics promote GABAergic interneuron genesis in the adult rat brain: Role of heat-shock protein production. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:108-118. [PMID: 28414930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms and reverse negative symptoms in conjunction with cognitive behavioral issues with the goal of restoring impaired occupational and social functioning. However, limited information is available on their influence on gliogenesis or their neurogenic properties in adult schizophrenia brains, particularly on GABAergic interneuron production. In the present study, we used young adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived progenitor cells expressing proteoglycan NG2 cultures to examine the oligodendrocyte and GABAergic interneuron genesis effects of several kinds of antipsychotics on changes in differentiation function induced by exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We herein demonstrated that antipsychotics promoted or restored changes in the oligodendrocyte/GABAergic interneuron differentiation functions of NG2(+) cells induced by the exposure to MK-801, which was considered to be one of the drug-induced schizophrenia model. We also demonstrated that antipsychotics restored heat-shock protein (HSP) production in NG2(+) cells with differentiation impairment. The antipsychotics olanzapine, aripiprazole, and blonanserin, but not haloperidol increased HSP90 levels, which were reduced by the exposure to MK-801. Our results showed that antipsychotics, particularly those recently synthesized, exerted similar GABAergic interneuron genesis effects on NG2(+) neuronal/glial progenitor cells in the adult rat brain by increasing cellular HSP production, and also suggest that HSP90 may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is a key target for next drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Kaneta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Hanako Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Kengo Furuse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kigawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Takao Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kawanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
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Hudgens-Haney ME, Ethridge LE, Knight JB, McDowell JE, Keedy SK, Pearlson GD, Tamminga CA, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA. Intrinsic neural activity differences among psychotic illnesses. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1223-1238. [PMID: 28419491 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with psychosis have been reported to show either reduced or augmented brain responses under seemingly similar conditions. It is likely that inconsistent baseline-adjustment methods are partly responsible for this discrepancy. Using steady-state stimuli during a pro/antisaccade task, this study addressed the relationship between nonspecific and stimulus-related neural activity, and how these activities are modulated as a function of cognitive demands. In 98 psychosis probands (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis), neural activity was assessed during baseline and during a 5-s period in preparation for the pro/antisaccade task. To maximize the ability to identify meaningful differences between psychosis subtypes, analyses were conducted as a function of subgrouping probands by standard clinical diagnoses and neurobiological features. These psychosis "biotypes" were created using brain-based biomarkers, independent of symptomatology (Clementz et al., ). Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance and diminished baseline oscillatory phase synchrony. Psychosis biotypes differed on both behavioral and brain measures, in ways predicted from Clementz et al. (). Two biotype groups showed similarly deficient behavior and baseline synchrony, despite diametrically opposed neural activity amplitudes. Another biotype subgroup was more similar to healthy individuals on behavioral and brain measures, despite the presence of psychosis. This study provides evidence that (a) consideration of baseline levels of activation and synchrony will be essential for a comprehensive understanding of neural response differences in psychosis, and (b) distinct psychosis subgroups exhibit reduced versus augmented intrinsic neural activity, despite cognitive performance and clinical similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Hudgens-Haney
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lauren E Ethridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Justin B Knight
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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40
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Kalweit AN, Amanpour-Gharaei B, Colitti-Klausnitzer J, Manahan-Vaughan D. Changes in Neuronal Oscillations Accompany the Loss of Hippocampal LTP that Occurs in an Animal Model of Psychosis. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:36. [PMID: 28337131 PMCID: PMC5340772 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-episode of psychosis is followed by a transient time-window of ca. 60 days during which therapeutic interventions have a higher likelihood of being effective than interventions that are started with a greater latency. This suggests that, in the immediate time-period after first-episode psychosis, functional changes occur in the brain that render it increasingly resistant to intervention. The precise mechanistic nature of these changes is unclear, but at the cognitive level, sensory and hippocampus-based dysfunctions become increasingly manifest. In an animal model of first-episode psychosis that comprises acute treatment of rats with the irreversible N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-antagonist, MK801, acute but also chronic deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory occur. Neuronal oscillations, especially in the form of information transfer through θ and γ frequency oscillations are an intrinsic component of normal information processing in the hippocampus. Changes in θ-γ coupling and power are known to accompany deficits in hippocampal plasticity. Here, we examined whether changes in δ, θ, α, β and γ oscillations, or θ-γ coupling accompany the chronic loss of LTP that is observed in the MK801-animal model of psychosis. One and 4 weeks after acute systemic treatment of adult rats with MK801, a potent loss of hippocampal in vivo LTP was evident compared to vehicle-treated controls. Overall, the typical pattern of θ-γ oscillations that are characteristic for the successful induction of LTP was altered. In particular, θ-power was lower and an uncoupling of θ-γ oscillations was evident in MK801-treated rats. The alterations in network oscillations that accompany LTP deficits in this animal model may comprise a mechanism through which disturbances in sensory information processing and hippocampal function occur in psychosis. These data suggest that the hippocampus is likely to comprise a very early locus of functional change after instigation of a first-episode psychosis-like state in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Kalweit
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University BochumBochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Bezhad Amanpour-Gharaei
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University BochumBochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University BochumBochum, Germany
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41
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Nakazawa K, Jeevakumar V, Nakao K. Spatial and temporal boundaries of NMDA receptor hypofunction leading to schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28560253 PMCID: PMC5441533 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction is one of the most prevalent models of schizophrenia. For example, healthy subjects treated with uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists elicit positive, negative, and cognitive-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, which is likely caused by autoantibody-mediated down-regulation of cell surface N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, often experience psychiatric symptoms similar to schizophrenia initially. However, where and when N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction occurs in the brain of schizophrenic patients is poorly understood. Here we review the findings from N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and autoantibody models, postmortem studies on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits, as well as the global and cell-type-specific knockout mouse models of subunit GluN1. We compare various conditional GluN1 knockout mouse strains, focusing on the onset of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor deletion and on the cortical cell-types. Based on these results, we hypothesize that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction initially occurs in cortical GABAergic neurons during early postnatal development. The resulting GABA neuron maturation deficit may cause reduction of intrinsic excitability and GABA release, leading to disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. The cortical disinhibition in turn could elicit glutamate spillover and subsequent homeostatic down regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function in pyramidal neurons in prodromal stage. These two temporally-distinct N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunctions may be complimentary, as neither alone may not be able to fully explain the entire schizophrenia pathophysiology. Potential underlying mechanisms for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction in cortical GABA neurons are also discussed, based on studies of naturally-occurring N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, neuregulin/ErbB4 signaling pathway, and theoretical analysis of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vivek Jeevakumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Potasiewicz A, Nikiforuk A, Hołuj M, Popik P. Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine alpha7 receptors rescue schizophrenia-like cognitive impairments in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:260-271. [PMID: 28168926 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) dysfunction plays an important role in schizophrenia. Positive allosteric modulators of α7 nAChR have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to manage cognitive deficits that are inadequately treated in schizophrenic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of type I (CCMI) and type II (PNU120596) α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators to counteract MK-801-induced cognitive and sensorimotor gating deficits. The activity of these compounds was compared with the action of the α7 nAChR agonist A582941. CCMI, PNU120596 and A582941 reversed the sensorimotor gating impairment evoked by MK-801 based on the prepulse inhibition of the startle response. Additionally, no MK-801-evoked working memory deficits were observed with α7 nAChR ligand pretreatment as assessed in a discrete paired-trial delayed alternation task. However, these compounds did not affect the rats' attentional performances in the five-choice serial reaction time test. The α7 nAChR agents demonstrated a beneficial effect on sensorimotor gating and some aspects of cognition tested in a rat model of schizophrenia. Therefore, these results support the use of α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators as a potential treatment strategy in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potasiewicz
- 1 Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- 1 Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Hołuj
- 1 Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- 1 Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.,2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Ben-Azu B, Aderibigbe AO, Ajayi AM, Iwalewa EO. Neuroprotective effects of the ethanol stem bark extracts of Terminalia ivorensis in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and oxidative damage in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2871-2879. [PMID: 27250524 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1190382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Schizophrenia is a heterogenous neurological disorder, which has been hypothetically linked to oxidative imbalance and associated behavioral perturbations. Preliminary evidence from animal models predictive of human psychosis suggests that Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. (Combretaceae) has antipsychotic-like activity in mice. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the neuroprotective property of the ethanol stem bark extracts of T. ivorensis (EETI) in reversal treatment of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and oxidative alteration in adult male Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into six treatment groups (n = 5). Animals received distilled water or ketamine (20 mg/kg) once daily intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days, and from the 8th to the 14th day, they were treated with EETI (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg), risperidone (RIS) or vehicle orally once daily. Behaviors related to positive (locomotor activity) and cognitive (Y maze) symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed. Glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, including malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in mice whole brains. RESULT The LD50 of EETI was 2236.06 mg/kg, p.o. body weight. EETI (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg, p.o.) demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion and cognitive dysfunction. The extract decreased MDA concentration (39.0, 62.6 and 67.5%) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, EETI significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the depletion of GSH, and increased activities of SOD and CAT in brain tissues. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that EETI probably exert its antipsychotic-like activity, via a neuroprotective compensatory mechanism of action, and as such, could be relevant in the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi Oladele Aderibigbe
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Oluwagbenga Iwalewa
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Oyo State , Nigeria
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Tao C, Yan W, Li Y, Lu X. Effect of antidepressants on spatial memory deficit induced by dizocilpine. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:266-72. [PMID: 27512913 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia. It is controversial whether antidepressants could improve cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. The present study was designed to identify the therapeutic effect of antidepressants on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In the present study, adolescent rats were repeatedly exposed to dizocilpine, which can induce cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Then these rats were treated by six antidepressants (fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine) or vehicle. The rats in the control group were exposed to vehicle during the study. Lastly, all rats' spatial memory (a major part of cognition) was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the density of hippocampal parvalbumin (PV) interneurons was evaluated to explore possible mechanisms underlying spatial memory change in schizophrenia. The results of the present study supported the hypothesis of a therapeutic effect of fluvoxamine and escitalopram on spatial memory deficit induced by dizocilpine. Additionally, the data of the present study suggested that fluvoxamine and escitalopram remitted hippocampal PV interneuron reduction induced by dizocilpine. The neuroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and escitalopram may partly explain the therapeutic effect of antidepressants on spatial memory deficit in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
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45
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Bagasrawala I, Zecevic N, Radonjić NV. N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Kynurenic Acid Affects Human Cortical Development. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:435. [PMID: 27746712 PMCID: PMC5043058 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan degradation, acts as an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist. Elevated levels of KYNA have been observed in pregnant women after viral infections and are considered to play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the consequences of KYNA-induced NMDAR blockade in human cortical development still remain elusive. To study the potential impact of KYNA on human neurodevelopment, we used an in vitro system of multipotent cortical progenitors, i.e., radial glia cells (RGCs), enriched from human cerebral cortex at mid-gestation (16–19 gestational weeks). KYNA treatment significantly decreased RGCs proliferation and survival by antagonizing NMDAR. This alteration resulted in a reduced number of cortical progenitors and neurons while number and activation of astrocytes increased. KYNA treatment reduced differentiation of RGCs into GABAergic neurons, while differentiation into glutamatergic neurons was relatively spared. Furthermore, in mixed cortical cultures KYNA triggered an inflammatory response as evidenced by increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. In conclusion, elevated levels of KYNA play a significant role in human RGC fate determination by antagonizing NMDARs and by activating an inflammatory response. The altered cell composition observed in cell culture following exposure to elevated KYNA levels suggests a mechanism for impairment of cortical circuitry formation in the fetal brain after viral infection, as seen in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseyah Bagasrawala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nada Zecevic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nevena V Radonjić
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Farmington, CT, USA
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Choy KHC, Shackleford DM, Malone DT, Mistry SN, Patil RT, Scammells PJ, Langmead CJ, Pantelis C, Sexton PM, Lane JR, Christopoulos A. Positive Allosteric Modulation of the Muscarinic M1 Receptor Improves Efficacy of Antipsychotics in Mouse Glutamatergic Deficit Models of Behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:354-365. [PMID: 27630144 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.235788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antipsychotics are effective in treating the positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, but they remain suboptimal in targeting cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies have suggested that positive allosteric modulation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) may provide a novel means of improving cognition. However, very little is known about the potential of combination therapies in extending coverage across schizophrenic symptom domains. This study investigated the effect of the M1 mAChR positive allosteric modulator BQCA [1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid], alone or in combination with haloperidol (a first-generation antipsychotic), clozapine (a second-generation atypical antipsychotic), or aripiprazole (a third-generation atypical antipsychotic), in reversing deficits in sensorimotor gating and spatial memory induced by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801 [(5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine]. Sensorimotor gating and spatial memory induction are two models that represent aspects of schizophrenia modeled in rodents. In prepulse inhibition (an operational measure of sensorimotor gating), BQCA alone had minimal effects but exhibited different levels of efficacy in reversing MK-801-induced prepulse inhibition disruptions when combined with a subeffective dose of each of the three (currently prescribed) antipsychotics. Furthermore, the combined effect of BQCA and clozapine was absent in M1-/- mice. Interestingly, although BQCA alone had no effect in reversing MK-801-induced memory impairments in a Y-maze spatial test, we observed a reversal upon the combination of BQCA with atypical antipsychotics, but not with haloperidol. These findings provide proof of concept that a judicious combination of existing antipsychotics with a selective M1 mAChR positive allosteric modulator can extend antipsychotic efficacy in glutamatergic deficit models of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok H C Choy
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - David M Shackleford
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Daniel T Malone
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Rahul T Patil
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Johnathan R Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology (K.H.C.C., D.T.M, C.J.L, P.M.S, J.R.L, A.C.), Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization (D.M.S., R.T.P.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.N.M, P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia; and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (C.P.)
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Koga M, Serritella AV, Sawa A, Sedlak TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:52-71. [PMID: 26589391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-recognized participant in the pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders, particularly neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. While not a dementia, a wide body of evidence has also been accumulating for aberrant reactive oxygen species and inflammation in schizophrenia. Here we highlight roles for oxidative stress as a common mechanism by which varied genetic and epidemiologic risk factors impact upon neurodevelopmental processes that underlie the schizophrenia syndrome. While there is longstanding evidence that schizophrenia may not have a single causative lesion, a common pathway involving oxidative stress opens the possibility for intervention at susceptible phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anthony V Serritella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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48
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Hervig ME, Thomsen MS, Kalló I, Mikkelsen JD. Acute phencyclidine administration induces c-Fos-immunoreactivity in interneurons in cortical and subcortical regions. Neuroscience 2016; 334:13-25. [PMID: 27476436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is believed to underlie some of the symptoms in schizophrenia, and non-competitive NMDAR antagonists (including phencyclidine (PCP)) are widely used as pharmacological schizophrenia models. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that impaired γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission contributes to the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Thus alterations in GABAergic interneurons have been observed in schizophrenia patients and animal models. Acute systemic administration of PCP increases levels of c-Fos in several cortical and subcortical areas, but whether such induction occurs in specific populations of GABAergic interneuron subtypes still remains to be established. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the PCP-induced c-Fos-immunoreactivity (IR) in parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) interneuron subtypes in the cortex and thalamus of rats. A single dose of PCP (10mg/kg, s.c.) significantly increased total number of c-Fos-IR in: (1) the prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate, ventrolateral orbital, motor, somatosensory and retrosplenial cortices as well as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), field CA1 of the hippocampus (CA1) field of hippocampus and mediodorsal thalamus (MD); (2) PV-IR cells in the ventrolateral orbitofrontal and retrosplenial cortices and CA1 field of hippocampus; and (3) CB-IR cells in the motor cortex. Overall, our data indicate that PCP activates a wide range of cortical and subcortical brain regions and that a substantial part of this activation is present in GABAergic interneurons in certain regions. This suggests that the psychotomimetic effect of PCP may be mediated via GABAergic interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E Hervig
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten S Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imre Kalló
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jens D Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune epileptic encephalopathy is a potentially treatable neurological syndrome characterized by the coexistence of a neuronal antibody in serum and, often, cerebrospinal fluid. Patients present with combinations of seizures, neuropsychiatric features, movement disorder, and cognitive decline, but some patients have isolated seizures either at first presentation or during their illness. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles of specific neuronal antibodies in epilepsy-related syndromes and aims to aid the clinician in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Antigen discovery methods in three neuroimmunology centres independently identified antibodies to different subunits of the γ amino butyric acid-A receptor; high levels of these antibodies were found mainly in patients with severe refractory seizures. These and other antibodies were also found in a proportion (<10%) of children and adults with epilepsy. A clinical study comparing immunotherapy in patients with autoantibodies or without an identified target antigen found neuroinflammatory features were predictive of a therapeutic response. New in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and spontaneous animal models, have confirmed the pathogenicity and epileptogenicity of neuronal antibodies and their relevance to other mammals. SUMMARY Neuronal antibodies are an important cause of autoimmune epileptic encephalopathy, early recognition is important as there may be an underlying tumour, and early treatment is associated with a better outcome. In the absence of an antibody, the clinician should adopt a pragmatic approach and consider a trial of immunotherapy when other causes have been excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhvir Wright
- aDepartment of Paediatric Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK bNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe University Hospital, Oxford, UK
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50
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Honeycutt JA, Keary Iii KM, Kania VM, Chrobak JJ. Developmental Age Differentially Mediates the Calcium-Binding Protein Parvalbumin in the Rat: Evidence for a Selective Decrease in Hippocampal Parvalbumin Cell Counts. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:105-14. [PMID: 27002731 DOI: 10.1159/000444447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local circuit GABAergic neurons, including parvalbumin (PV)-containing basket cells, likely play a key role in the development, physiology, and pathology of neocortical circuits. Regionally selective and well-defined decreases in PV have been described in human postmortem schizophrenic brain tissue in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Animal models of schizophreniform dysfunction following acute and/or chronic ketamine treatment have also demonstrated decreases in PV expression. Conflicting reports with respect to PV immunoreactivity following acute and chronic ketamine treatments in rodents question the utility of using PV as a biological marker of pathology-related dysfunction. The current literature lacks sufficient and systematic characterization of normative PV expression in pharmacologically and behaviorally naïve rodent tissue. In order to understand developmental changes in PV and its putative role in neuropathology, we examined the baseline distribution of the number of cells expressing this protein at distinct developmental ages. The present study examined PV cell counts across the septotemporal axis of the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus, as well as within the retrosplenial, somatosensory, and prefrontal cortices, in 1-, 6-, and 12-month-old naïve rats. Our findings suggest that the hippocampal PV+ cell number significantly decreases as a function of age with considerable regional (CA1, CA3, and DG) and septotemporal variation, a finding that was specific to the hippocampus. Additionally, we observed a modest increase in PV cell number within the prefrontal (anterior cingulate) cortex, which is in line with findings indicating a delayed developmental maturation of this region. The present work highlights decreases in PV+ cell counts within the hippocampus across development, and points to the need for a greater understanding of the role of PV and local circuit developmental changes, as well as consideration of their development when modeling developmentally related neuropathological disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, autism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Honeycutt
- Department of Psychology, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn., USA
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