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Romero-Martínez Á, Beser-Robles M, Cerdá-Alberich L, Aparici F, Martí-Bonmatí L, Sarrate-Costa C, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. Executive dysfunction and cortical variations among intimate partner violence perpetrators and the association with sexism. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae046. [PMID: 38915189 PMCID: PMC11223607 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malfunctioning in executive functioning has been proposed as a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). This is not only due to its effects on behavioral regulation but also because of its association with other variables such as sexism. Executive dysfunctions have been associated with frontal and prefrontal cortical thickness. Therefore, our first aim was to assess differences in cortical thickness in frontal and prefrontal regions, as well as levels of sexism, between two groups of IPV perpetrators (with and without executive dysfunctions) and a control group of non-violent men. Second, we analyzed whether the cortical thickness in the frontal and prefrontal regions would explain sexism scores. Our results indicate that IPV perpetrators classified as dysexecutive exhibited a lower cortical thickness in the right rostral anterior cingulate superior frontal bilaterally, caudal middle frontal bilaterally, right medial orbitofrontal, right paracentral, and precentral bilaterally when compared with controls. Furthermore, they exhibited higher levels of sexism than the rest of the groups. Most importantly, in the brain structures that distinguished between groups, lower thickness was associated with higher sexism scores. This research emphasizes the need to incorporate neuroimaging techniques to develop accurate IPV profiles or subtypes based on neuropsychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Beser-Robles
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Leonor Cerdá-Alberich
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Fernando Aparici
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | | | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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2
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Ruble S, Kramer C, West L, Payne K, Ness H, Erickson G, Scott A, Diehl MM. Active avoidance recruits the anterior cingulate cortex regardless of social context in male and female rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3750422. [PMID: 38260416 PMCID: PMC10802695 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3750422/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Actively avoiding danger is necessary for survival. Most research has focused on the behavioral and neurobiological processes when individuals avoid danger alone, under solitary conditions. Therefore, little is known about how social context affects active avoidance. Using a modified version of the platform-mediated avoidance task in rats, we investigated whether the presence of a social partner attenuates conditioned freezing and enhances avoidance learning compared to avoidance learned under solitary conditions. Rats spent a similar percentage of time avoiding during the tone under both conditions; however, rats trained under social conditions exhibited greater freezing during the tone as well as lower rates of darting and food seeking compared to solitary rats. Under solitary conditions, we observed higher levels of avoidance in females compared to males, which was not present in rats trained under social conditions. To gain greater mechanistic insight, we optogenetically inactivated glutamatergic projection neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following avoidance training. Photoinactivation of ACC neurons reduced expression of avoidance under social conditions both in the presence and absence of the partner. Under solitary conditions, photoinactivation of ACC delayed avoidance in males but blocked avoidance in females. Our findings suggest that avoidance is mediated by the ACC, regardless of social context, and may be dysfunctional in those suffering from trauma-related disorders. Furthermore, sex differences in prefrontal circuits mediating active avoidance warrant further investigation, given that females experience a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Ruble
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Cassandra Kramer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Lexe West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Karissa Payne
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Halle Ness
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Greg Erickson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Alyssa Scott
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Maria M. Diehl
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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3
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Campos-Cardoso R, Desa ZR, Fitzgerald BL, Moore AG, Duhon JL, Landar VA, Clem RL, Cummings KA. The mouse dorsal peduncular cortex encodes fear memory. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114097. [PMID: 38613783 PMCID: PMC11135038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is functionally organized across the dorsoventral axis, where dorsal and ventral subregions promote and suppress fear, respectively. As the ventral-most subregion, the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) is hypothesized to function in fear suppression. However, this role has not been explicitly tested. Here, we demonstrate that the DP paradoxically functions as a fear-encoding brain region and plays a minimal role in fear suppression. By using multimodal analyses, we demonstrate that DP neurons exhibit fear-learning-related plasticity and acquire cue-associated activity across learning and memory retrieval and that DP neurons activated by fear memory acquisition are preferentially reactivated upon fear memory retrieval. Further, optogenetic activation and silencing of DP fear-related neural ensembles drive the promotion and suppression of freezing, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that the DP plays a role in fear memory encoding. Moreover, our findings redefine our understanding of the functional organization of the rodent mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Campos-Cardoso
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zephyr R Desa
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Brianna L Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Alana G Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jace L Duhon
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Victoria A Landar
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Roger L Clem
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kirstie A Cummings
- Department of Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Altemus M, Zakiniaeiz Y, Ralevski EA, Mineur YS, Gueorguieva R, Picciotto MR, Cosgrove KP, Petrakis I, McKee SA. The role of neurosteroids in posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: A review of 10 years of clinical literature and treatment implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101119. [PMID: 38184208 PMCID: PMC11185997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are increasing in men and women and there are high rates of concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and AUD. AUD and PTSD synergistically increase symptomatology and negatively affect treatment outcomes; however, there are very limited pharmacological treatments for PTSD/AUD. Neurosteroids have been implicated in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of both PTSD and AUD and may be a target for treatment development. This review details the past ten years of research on pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, estradiol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA/DHEA-S) in the context of PTSD and AUD, including examination of trauma/alcohol-related variables, such as stress-reactivity. Emerging evidence that exogenous pregnenolone, progesterone, and allopregnanolone may be promising, novel interventions is also discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on examining the application of sex as a biological variable in this body of literature, given that women are more susceptible to both PTSD diagnoses and stress-related alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie R Peltier
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | | | - Margaret Altemus
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ralevski
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Tose K, Takamura T, Isobe M, Hirano Y, Sato Y, Kodama N, Yoshihara K, Maikusa N, Moriguchi Y, Noda T, Mishima R, Kawabata M, Noma S, Takakura S, Gondo M, Kakeda S, Takahashi M, Ide S, Adachi H, Hamatani S, Kamashita R, Sudo Y, Matsumoto K, Nakazato M, Numata N, Hamamoto Y, Shoji T, Muratsubaki T, Sugiura M, Murai T, Fukudo S, Sekiguchi A. Systematic reduction of gray matter volume in anorexia nervosa, but relative enlargement with clinical symptoms in the prefrontal and posterior insular cortices: a multicenter neuroimaging study. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:891-901. [PMID: 38246936 PMCID: PMC11176065 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although brain morphological abnormalities have been reported in anorexia nervosa (AN), the reliability and reproducibility of previous studies were limited due to insufficient sample sizes, which prevented exploratory analysis of the whole brain as opposed to regions of interest (ROIs). Objective was to identify brain morphological abnormalities in AN and the association with severity of AN by brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a multicenter study, and to conduct exploratory analysis of the whole brain. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional multicenter study using T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) data collected between May 2014 and February 2019 in Japan. We analyzed MRI data from 103 female AN patients (58 anorexia nervosa restricting type [ANR] and 45 anorexia nervosa binge-purging type [ANBP]) and 102 age-matched female healthy controls (HC). MRI data from five centers were preprocessed using the latest harmonization method to correct for intercenter differences. Gray matter volume (GMV) was calculated from T1WI data of all participants. Of the 205 participants, we obtained severity of eating disorder symptom scores from 179 participants, including 87 in the AN group (51 ANR, 36 ANBP) and 92 HC using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) 6.0. GMV reduction were observed in the AN brain, including the bilateral cerebellum, middle and posterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor cortex, precentral gyrus medial segment, and thalamus. In addition, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and posterior insula volumes showed positive correlations with severity of symptoms. This multicenter study was conducted with a large sample size to identify brain morphological abnormalities in AN. The findings provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AN and have potential for the development of brain imaging biomarkers of AN. Trial Registration: UMIN000017456. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000019303 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Keima Tose
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Takamura
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kodama
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Mishima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawabata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Noma
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Nomakokoro Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoharu Gondo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takahashi
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoru Ide
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sayo Hamatani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rio Kamashita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sudo
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakazato
- Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Noriko Numata
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yumi Hamamoto
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shoji
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagamachi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Muratsubaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Cognitive Sciences Lab, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Eating Disorder Research and Information, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wei YC, Chen CK, Lin C, Shyu YC, Chen PY. Life After Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects on the Lifestyle and Quality of Life of Community-Dwelling Patients. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:159-171. [PMID: 38463415 PMCID: PMC10924056 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Persons who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) may encounter a range of changes in their physical, mental, and cognitive functions as well as high fatigue levels. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by persons after TBI, we conducted multi-domain assessments among community-dwelling persons with a history of TBI and compared them with age- and sex-matched controls from the Northeastern Taiwan Community Medicine Research Cohort between 2019 and 2021. A total of 168 persons with TBI and 672 non-TBI controls were not different in terms of demographics, comorbidities, and physiological features. However, compared with the non-TBI group, the TBI group had a distinct lifestyle that involved increased reliance on analgesics (6.9% vs. 15.0%, respectively; p = 0.001) and sleep aids (p = 0.008), which negatively affected their quality of life. Moreover, they consumed more coffee (p < 0.001), tea (p < 0.001), cigarettes (p = 0.002), and betel nuts (p = 0.032) than did the non-TBI group. Notably, the use of coffee had a positive effect on the quality of life of the TBI group (F = 4.034; p = 0.045). Further, compared with the non-TBI group, the TBI group had increased risks of sarcopenia (p = 0.003), malnutrition (p = 0.003), and anxiety (p = 0.029) and reduced blood levels of vitamin D (29.83 ± 10.39 vs. 24.20 ± 6.59 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Overall, the TBI group had a reduced health-related quality of life, with significant challenges related to physical health, mental well-being, social interactions, pain management, and fatigue levels. Moreover, the TBI group experienced poorer sleep quality and efficiency than did the non-TBI group. In conclusion, persons who have sustained brain injuries that require comprehensive and holistic care that includes lifestyle modification, mental and physical healthcare plans, and increased long-term support from their communities. ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04839796).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chemin Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
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Cardoso RC, Desa ZR, Fitzgerald BL, Moore A, Duhon J, Landar VA, Clem RL, Cummings KA. The mouse dorsal peduncular cortex encodes fear memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.24.550408. [PMID: 37546717 PMCID: PMC10402043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a locus for both the promotion and suppression (e.g. extinction) of fear and is composed of four anatomically distinct subregions, including anterior cingulate 1 (Cg1), prelimbic (PL), infralimbic (IL), and the dorsal peduncular (DP) cortex. A vast majority of studies have focused on Cg1, PL, and IL. The Cg1 and PL have been implicated in the promotion of fear, while the IL has been linked to a role in the suppression, or extinction, of fear. Due to its anatomical location ventral to IL, the DP has been hypothesized to function as a fear-suppressing brain region however, no studies have explicitly tested its role in this function or in the regulation of memory generally. Moreover, some studies have pointed towards a dichotomous role for ventral mPFC in the dual suppression and promotion of fear, but the mechanisms underlying these opposing observations remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that the DP paradoxically functions as a cued fear-encoding brain region and plays little to no role in fear memory extinction. By using a combination of cFos immunohistochemistry, whole-cell brain slice electrophysiology, fiber photometry, and activity-dependent neural tagging, we demonstrate that DP neurons exhibit learning-related plasticity, acquire cue-associated activity across learning and memory retrieval, and that DP neurons activated by learning are preferentially reactivated upon fear memory retrieval. Further, optogenetic activation and silencing of fear learning-related DP neural ensembles drives the promotion and suppression of freezing, respectively. Overall, these data suggest that the DP plays an unexpected role in fear memory encoding. More broadly, our results reveal new principles of organization across the dorsoventral axis of the mPFC.
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Sylte OC, Muysers H, Chen HL, Bartos M, Sauer JF. Neuronal tuning to threat exposure remains stable in the mouse prefrontal cortex over multiple days. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002475. [PMID: 38206890 PMCID: PMC10783789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense threat elicits action in the form of active and passive coping. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) executes top-level control over the selection of threat coping strategies, but the dynamics of mPFC activity upon continuing threat encounters remain unexplored. Here, we used 1-photon calcium imaging in mice to probe the activity of prefrontal pyramidal cells during repeated exposure to intense threat in a tail suspension (TS) paradigm. A subset of prefrontal neurons displayed selective activation during TS, which was stably maintained over days. During threat, neurons showed specific tuning to active or passive coping. These responses were unrelated to general motion tuning and persisted over days. Moreover, the neural manifold traversed by low-dimensional population activity remained stable over subsequent days of TS exposure and was preserved across individuals. These data thus reveal a specific, temporally, and interindividually conserved repertoire of prefrontal tuning to behavioral responses under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Christian Sylte
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Muysers
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hung-Ling Chen
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Petit G, Leclercq S, Quoilin C, Poncin M, Starkel P, Maurage P, Rolland B, Dricot L, De Timary P. Links between psychopathological symptoms and cortical thickness in men with severe alcohol use disorder: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:513-520. [PMID: 37013368 PMCID: PMC10739149 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are psychopathological states frequently co-occurring with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). These symptoms generally disappear with abstinence but may persist in some patients, increasing the relapse risk. METHODS The cerebral cortex thickness of 94 male patients with SAUD was correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, both measured at the end (2-3 weeks) of the detoxification treatment. Cortical measures were obtained using surface-based morphometry implemented with Freesurfer. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were associated with reduced cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus of the right hemisphere. Anxiety level was correlated with lower cortical thickness in the rostral middle frontal region, inferior temporal region, and supramarginal, postcentral, superior temporal, and transverse temporal regions of the left hemisphere, as well as with a large cluster in the middle temporal region of the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS At the end of the detoxification stage, the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms is inversely associated with the cortical thickness of regions involved in emotions-related processes, and the persistence of the symptoms could be explained by these brain deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Psychiatric Emergency Unit, Department of Adult PsychiatryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucBrusselsBelgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional PsychiatryInstitute of Neuroscience, UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Marie Poncin
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Peter Starkel
- Laboratory of Hepato‐GastroenterologyUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyCliniques Universitaires Saint LucBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- CH Le Vinatier, Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL)BronFrance
| | | | - Philippe De Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratory of Hepato‐GastroenterologyUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Adult PsychiatryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucBrusselsBelgium
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10
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Korologou-Linden R, Schuurmans IK, Cecil CAM, White T, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Holz N, Fröhner JH, Smolka M, Walter H, Winterer J, Whelan R, Schumann G, Howe LD, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davies NM, Anderson EL. The bidirectional effects between cognitive ability and brain morphology: A life course Mendelian randomization analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.17.23297145. [PMID: 38014064 PMCID: PMC10680890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.23297145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Little is understood about the dynamic interplay between brain morphology and cognitive ability across the life course. Additionally, most existing research has focused on global morphology measures such as estimated total intracranial volume, mean thickness, and total surface area. Methods Mendelian randomization was used to estimate the bidirectional effects between cognitive ability, global and regional measures of cortical thickness and surface area, estimated total intracranial volume, total white matter, and the volume of subcortical structures (N=37,864). Analyses were stratified for developmental periods (childhood, early adulthood, mid-to-late adulthood; age range: 8-81 years). Results The earliest effects were observed in childhood and early adulthood in the frontoparietal lobes. A bidirectional relationship was identified between higher cognitive ability, larger estimated total intracranial volume (childhood, mid-to-late adulthood) and total surface area (all life stages). A thicker posterior cingulate cortex and a larger surface area in the caudal middle frontal cortex and temporal pole were associated with greater cognitive ability. Contrary, a thicker temporal pole was associated with lower cognitive ability. Discussion Stable effects of cognitive ability on brain morphology across the life course suggests that childhood is potentially an important window for intervention.
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11
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Ali MT, Gebreil A, ElNakieb Y, Elnakib A, Shalaby A, Mahmoud A, Sleman A, Giridharan GA, Barnes G, Elbaz AS. A personalized classification of behavioral severity of autism spectrum disorder using a comprehensive machine learning framework. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17048. [PMID: 37813914 PMCID: PMC10562430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder with a heterogeneous nature, influenced by genetics and exhibiting diverse clinical presentations. In this study, we dissect Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) into its behavioral components, mirroring the diagnostic process used in clinical settings. Morphological features are extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, found in the publicly available dataset ABIDE II, identifying the most discriminative features that differentiate ASD within various behavioral domains. Then, each subject is categorized as having severe, moderate, or mild ASD, or typical neurodevelopment (TD), based on the behavioral domains of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Through this study, multiple artificial intelligence (AI) models are utilized for feature selection and classifying each ASD severity and behavioural group. A multivariate feature selection algorithm, investigating four different classifiers with linear and non-linear hypotheses, is applied iteratively while shuffling the training-validation subjects to find the set of cortical regions with statistically significant association with ASD. A set of six classifiers are optimized and trained on the selected set of features using 5-fold cross-validation for the purpose of severity classification for each behavioural group. Our AI-based model achieved an average accuracy of 96%, computed as the mean accuracy across the top-performing AI models for feature selection and severity classification across the different behavioral groups. The proposed AI model has the ability to accurately differentiate between the functionalities of specific brain regions, such as the left and right caudal middle frontal regions. We propose an AI-based model that dissects ASD into behavioral components. For each behavioral component, the AI-based model is capable of identifying the brain regions which are associated with ASD as well as utilizing those regions for diagnosis. The proposed system can increase the speed and accuracy of the diagnostic process and result in improved outcomes for individuals with ASD, highlighting the potential of AI in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Ali
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ahmad Gebreil
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Yaser ElNakieb
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ahmed Elnakib
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Penn State Erie-The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Ahmed Shalaby
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Ahmed Sleman
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | | | - Gregory Barnes
- Department of Neurology and Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ayman S Elbaz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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12
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Christova P, Georgopoulos AP. Differential reduction of gray matter volume with age in 35 cortical areas in men (more) and women (less). J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:894-899. [PMID: 36922162 PMCID: PMC10085548 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00066.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that brain volume decreases with age. Here, we assessed the rate of this decrease in gray matter volume of 35 cortical regions in a large sample of healthy participants (n = 712, age range 36-90 yr) of the Human Connectome Project-Aging. We evaluated the difference in this rate between men (n = 316) and women (n = 396) and found that the volumes of cortical areas decreased by an average of 5.25%/decade, with the highest rate of decrease observed in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (7.28%/decade). The rate of decrease was higher in men than in women in general and in 30/35 (85.7%) areas in particular, involving most prominently the cingulate lobe. These findings could serve as a normative reference for clinical conditions that manifest with abnormal brain atrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study showed an overall decrease of cortical gray matter with age but with different rates of volume reduction in different areas, with smaller decrease rates in women than in men. The highest volume reduction rate was observed for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, an area linked to depression. These findings could serve as a normative reference for clinical conditions that manifest with abnormal brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peka Christova
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The Neuroimaging Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The Neuroimaging Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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13
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Goldstein KE, Feinberg A, Vaccaro DH, Ahmed T, Chu KW, Goodman M, Govindarajulu U, Challman KN, Haghighi F, Yehuda R, Szeszko PR, Osterberg T, Tang CY, Haznedar MM, Hazlett EA. Smaller rostral cingulate volume and psychosocial correlates in veterans at risk for suicide. Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:115032. [PMID: 36610318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide research/clinical work remain in dire need of effective tools that can better predict suicidal behavior. A growing body of literature has started to focus on the role that neuroimaging may play in helping explain the path towards suicide. Specifically, structural alterations of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rost-ACC) may represent a biological marker and/or indicator of suicide risk in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Furthermore, the construct of "grit," defined as perseverance for goal-attainment and shown to be associated with suicidality, is modulated by rost-ACC. The aim was to examine relationships among rost-ACC gray matter volume, grit, and suicidality in U.S. Military Veterans. Participants were age-and-sex-matched Veterans with MDD: with suicide attempt (MDD+SA:n = 23) and without (MDD-SA:n = 37). Groups did not differ in depression symptomatology. Participants underwent diagnostic interview, clinical symptom assessment, and 3T-MRI-scan. A Group (SA-vs.-No-SA) x Cingulate-region (rostral-caudal-posterior) x Hemisphere (left-right) mixed-model-multivariate-ANOVA was conducted. Left-rost-ACC was significantly smaller in MDD+SA, Group x Cingulate-region x Hemisphere-interaction. Lower grit and less left-rost-ACC gray matter each predicted suicide attempt history, but grit level was a more robust predictor of SA. Both structural alterations of rost-ACC and grit level represent potentially valuable tools for suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Abigail Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Vaccaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tasnova Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - King-Wai Chu
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marianne Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Usha Govindarajulu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Katelyn N Challman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Terra Osterberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Y Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Mehmet Haznedar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Vázquez D, Schneider KN, Roesch MR. Neural signals implicated in the processing of appetitive and aversive events in social and non-social contexts. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:926388. [PMID: 35993086 PMCID: PMC9381696 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.926388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, we participated in a special issue of Frontiers examining the neural processing of appetitive and aversive events. Specifically, we reviewed brain areas that contribute to the encoding of prediction errors and value versus salience, attention and motivation. Further, we described how we disambiguated these cognitive processes and their neural substrates by using paradigms that incorporate both appetitive and aversive stimuli. We described a circuit in which the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) signals expected value and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) encodes the salience and valence of both appetitive and aversive events. This information is integrated by the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dopaminergic (DA) signaling in order to generate prediction and prediction error signals, which guide decision-making and learning via the dorsal striatum (DS). Lastly, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is monitoring actions and outcomes, and signals the need to engage attentional control in order to optimize behavioral output. Here, we expand upon this framework, and review our recent work in which within-task manipulations of both appetitive and aversive stimuli allow us to uncover the neural processes that contribute to the detection of outcomes delivered to a conspecific and behaviors in social contexts. Specifically, we discuss the involvement of single-unit firing in the ACC and DA signals in the NAc during the processing of appetitive and aversive events in both social and non-social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vázquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kevin N. Schneider
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Matthew R. Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew R. Roesch,
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15
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Williams BM, Brown ML, Sandoval-Araujo L, Russell S, Levinson CA. Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Eating Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Underlying Shared Mechanisms and Features: An Updated Review. J Cogn Psychother 2022; 36:226-246. [PMID: 35882534 DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with comorbidity rates as high as 41%. In the current review, we summarize the literature regarding the prevalence of ED-OCD comorbidity. We also identify and review the literature assessing shared features (i.e., shared characteristics or symptoms) and mechanisms (i.e., variables that may explain ED or OCD symptoms) of EDs and OCD. Potential shared features of EDs and OCD include age of onset, course of illness, obsessions, compulsions and ritualistic behaviors, and thought action fusion. Shared mechanisms that may explain ED-OCD comorbidity include genetic and neurobiological mechanisms, anxiety and fear, repetitive negative thinking, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, distress tolerance, and impulsivity. Based on these shared features and mechanisms, a theoretical conceptualization of ED and OCD comorbidity is developed, and outline considerations for assessment, differential diagnosis, treatment, and future research regarding ED-OCD comorbidity are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Williams
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Mackenzie L Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Luis Sandoval-Araujo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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16
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Vargas TG, Damme KSF, Mittal VA. Differentiating distinct and converging neural correlates of types of systemic environmental exposures. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2232-2248. [PMID: 35064714 PMCID: PMC8996350 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic environmental disadvantage relates to a host of health and functional outcomes. Specific structural factors have seldom been linked to neural structure, however, clouding understanding of putative mechanisms. Examining relations during childhood/preadolescence, a dynamic period of neurodevelopment, could aid bridge this gap. A total of 10,213 youth were recruited from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Self-report and objective measures (Census and Federal bureau of investigation metrics extracted using geocoding) of environmental exposures were used, including stimulation indexing lack of safety and high attentional demands, discrepancy indexing social exclusion/lack of belonging, and deprivation indexing lack of environmental enrichment. Environmental measures were related to cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume regions, controlling for other environmental exposures and accounting for other brain regions. Self-report (|β| = .04-.09) and objective (|β| = .02-.06) environmental domains related to area/thickness in overlapping (e.g., insula, caudal anterior cingulate), and unique regions (e.g., for discrepancy, rostral anterior and isthmus cingulate, implicated in socioemotional functions; for stimulation, precuneus, critical for cue reactivity and integration of environmental cues; and for deprivation, superior frontal, integral to executive functioning). For stimulation and discrepancy exposures, self-report and objective measures showed similarities in correlate regions, while deprivation exposures evidenced distinct correlates for self-report and objective measures. Results represent a necessary step toward broader work aimed at establishing mechanisms and correlates of structural disadvantage, highlighting the relevance of going beyond aggregate models by considering types of environmental factors, and the need to incorporate both subjective and objective measurements in these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa G. Vargas
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychiatryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
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17
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Shultz B, Farkash A, Collins B, Mohammadmirzaei N, Knox D. Fear learning-induced changes in AMPAR and NMDAR expression in the fear circuit. Learn Mem 2022; 29:83-92. [PMID: 35169047 PMCID: PMC8852224 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053525.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in amygdala nuclei and the dorsal hippocampus (dHipp) are critical for fear conditioning. Enhancements in synaptic AMPAR expression in amygdala nuclei and the dHipp are critical for fear conditioning, with some studies observing changes in AMPAR expression across many neurons in these brain regions. Whether similar changes occur in other nodes of the fear circuit (e.g., ventral hippocampus [vHipp]) or changes in NMDAR expression in the fear circuit occur with fear conditioning have not been sufficiently examined. To address this we used near-infrared immunohistochemistry (IHC) to measure AMPAR and NMDAR subunit expression in several nodes of the fear circuit. Long-term changes in GluR1 and GluR2 expression in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), enhanced NR2A expression in amygdala nuclei, and changes in the ratio of GluR1/NR2A and GluR2/NR2A in the dHipp was observed with fear conditioning. Most of these changes were dependent on protein synthesis during fear conditioning and were not observed immediately after fear conditioning. The results of the study suggest that global changes in AMPARs and NMDARs occur in multiple nodes within the fear circuit and raise the possibility that these changes contribute to fear memory. Further research examining how global changes in AMPAR, NMDAR, and AMPAR/NMDAR ratios within nodes of the fear circuit contribute to fear memory is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Negin Mohammadmirzaei
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Dayan Knox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
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18
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ACC-BLA functional connectivity disruption in allergic inflammation is associated with anxiety. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2731. [PMID: 35177766 PMCID: PMC8854589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Psychiatric disorders, including anxiety are associated with poorer treatment response and disease control in asthmatic patients. To date, there is no experimental evidence describing the role of peripheral inflammation on the oscillatory activities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), two major brain structures modulating anxiety. In the present work we evaluated lung and brain inflammatory responses, anxiety-like behavior, in association with oscillatory features of the ACC-BLA circuit in an animal model of allergic inflammation. Our data showed that allergic inflammation induced anxiety-like behavior and reactivation of microglia and astrocytes in ACC and BLA. Allergic inflammation also enhanced neuronal activities and functional connectivity of the ACC-BLA circuit which were correlated with the level of anxiety. Together, we suggest that disruption in the dynamic oscillatory activities of the ACC-BLA circuit, maybe due to regional inflammation, is an underlying mechanism of allergic asthma-induced anxiety-like behavior. Our findings could pave the way for better understanding the neuro-pathophysiology of the psychiatric disorders observed in asthmatic patients, possibly leading to develop novel treatment strategies.
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19
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de Lima MAX, Baldo MVC, Oliveira FA, Canteras NS. The anterior cingulate cortex and its role in controlling contextual fear memory to predatory threats. eLife 2022; 11:67007. [PMID: 34984975 PMCID: PMC8730726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator exposure is a life-threatening experience and elicits learned fear responses to the context in which the predator was encountered. The anterior cingulate area (ACA) occupies a pivotal position in a cortical network responsive to predatory threats, and it exerts a critical role in processing fear memory. The experiments were made in mice and revealed that the ACA is involved in both the acquisition and expression of contextual fear to predatory threat. Overall, the ACA can provide predictive relationships between the context and the predator threat and influences fear memory acquisition through projections to the basolateral amygdala and perirhinal region and the expression of contextual fear through projections to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Our results expand previous studies based on classical fear conditioning and open interesting perspectives for understanding how the ACA is involved in processing contextual fear memory to ethologic threatening conditions that entrain specific medial hypothalamic fear circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Vinicius C Baldo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory (LaNeC) - Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Newton Sabino Canteras
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Hippocampal Disinhibition Reduces Contextual and Elemental Fear Conditioning While Sparing the Acquisition of Latent Inhibition. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0270-21.2021. [PMID: 34980662 PMCID: PMC8805190 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0270-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neural disinhibition, i.e., reduced GABAergic inhibition, is a key feature of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The hippocampus is an important part of the neural circuitry that controls fear conditioning and can also modulate prefrontal and striatal mechanisms, including dopamine signaling, which play a role in salience modulation. Consequently, hippocampal neural disinhibition may contribute to impairments in fear conditioning and salience modulation reported in schizophrenia. Therefore, we examined the effect of ventral hippocampus (VH) disinhibition in male rats on fear conditioning and salience modulation, as reflected by latent inhibition (LI), in a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure. A flashing light was used as the conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned suppression was used to index conditioned fear. In experiment 1, VH disinhibition via infusion of the GABA-A receptor antagonist picrotoxin before CS pre-exposure and conditioning markedly reduced fear conditioning to both the CS and context; LI was evident in saline-infused controls but could not be detected in picrotoxin-infused rats because of the low level of fear conditioning to the CS. In experiment 2, VH picrotoxin infusions only before CS pre-exposure did not affect the acquisition of fear conditioning or LI. Together, these findings indicate that VH neural disinhibition disrupts contextual and elemental fear conditioning, without affecting the acquisition of LI. The disruption of fear conditioning resembles aversive conditioning deficits reported in schizophrenia and may reflect a disruption of neural processing both within the hippocampus and in projection sites of the hippocampus.
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21
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Trask S, Ferrara NC, Jasnow AM, Kwapis JL. Contributions of the rodent cingulate-retrosplenial cortical axis to associative learning and memory: A proposed circuit for persistent memory maintenance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:178-184. [PMID: 34450181 PMCID: PMC8511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While the anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices have been extensively studied for their role in spatial navigation, less is known about how they contribute to associative learning and later memory recall. The limited work that has been conducted on this topic suggests that each of these cortical regions makes distinct, but similar contributions to associative learning and memory. Here, we review evidence from the rodent literature demonstrating that while ACC activity seems to be necessary at remote time points associated with imprecise or generalized memories, the role of the RSC seems to be uniform over time. Together, the lines of evidence reviewed here suggest that the ACC and RSC likely function together to support memory formation and maintenance following associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, United States
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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22
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Rahman SS, Mulvihill K, Wood CM, Quah SKL, Horst NK, Clarke HF, Cockcroft GJ, Santangelo AM, Roberts AC. Differential Contribution of Anterior and Posterior Midcingulate Subregions to Distal and Proximal Threat Reactivity in Marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4765-4780. [PMID: 34076234 PMCID: PMC8408452 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The midcingulate cortex (MCC) is associated with cognition and emotion regulation. Structural and correlational functional evidence suggests that rather than being homogenous, the MCC may have dissociable functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. In this study, we use the marmoset monkey to causally investigate the contributions of two proposed subregions of the MCC: the anterior and posterior midcingulate cortices (aMCC and pMCC) to behavioral and cardiovascular correlates of threat processing relevant to anxiety disorders. Transient inactivation of the aMCC decreased anxiety-like responses to a postencounter distal threat, namely an unfamiliar human intruder, while inactivation of the pMCC showed a mild but opposing effect. Furthermore, although inactivation of neither MCC subregions had any effect on basal cardiovascular activity, aMCC inactivation blunted the expression of both cardiovascular and behavioral conditioned responses to a predictable proximal threat (a rubber snake) during the extinction in a Pavlovian conditioning task, with pMCC inactivation having again an opposing effect, but primarily on the behavioral response. These findings suggest that the MCC is indeed functionally heterogeneous with regards to its role in threat processing, with aMCC providing a marked facilitative contribution to the expression of the emotional response to both proximal and distal threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia S Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Kevin Mulvihill
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Christian M Wood
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Shaun K L Quah
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Nicole K Horst
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Hannah F Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Gemma J Cockcroft
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Andrea M Santangelo
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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23
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McCool BA. Ethanol modulation of cortico-basolateral amygdala circuits: Neurophysiology and behavior. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108750. [PMID: 34371080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights literature relating the anatomy, physiology, and behavioral contributions by projections between rodent prefrontal cortical areas and the basolateral amygdala. These projections are robustly modulated by both environmental experience and exposure to drugs of abuse including ethanol. Recent literature relating optogenetic and chemogenetic dissection of these circuits within behavior both compliments and occasionally challenges roles defined by more traditional pharmacological or lesion-based approaches. In particular, cortico-amygdala circuits help control both aversive and reward-seeking. Exposure to pathology-producing environments or abused drugs dysregulates the relative 'balance' of these outcomes. Modern circuit-based approaches have also shown that overlapping populations of neurons within a given brain region frequently govern both aversion and reward-seeking. In addition, these circuits often dramatically influence 'local' cortical or basolateral amygdala excitatory or inhibitory circuits. Our understanding of these neurobiological processes, particularly in relation to ethanol research, has just begun and represents a significant opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A McCool
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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24
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Chaaya N, Wang J, Jacques A, Beecher K, Chaaya M, Battle AR, Johnson LR, Chehrehasa F, Belmer A, Bartlett SE. Contextual Fear Memory Maintenance Changes Expression of pMAPK, BDNF and IBA-1 in the Pre-limbic Cortex in a Layer-Specific Manner. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:660199. [PMID: 34295224 PMCID: PMC8291085 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.660199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating and chronic fear-based disorder. Pavlovian fear conditioning protocols have long been utilised to manipulate and study these fear-based disorders. Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is a particular Pavlovian conditioning procedure that pairs fear with a particular context. Studies on the neural mechanisms underlying the development of contextual fear memories have identified the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), or more specifically, the pre-limbic cortex (PL) of the mPFC as essential for the expression of contextual fear. Despite this, little research has explored the role of the PL in contextual fear memory maintenance or examined the role of neuronal mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK; ERK 1/2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and IBA-1 in microglia in the PL as a function of Pavlovian fear conditioning. The current study was designed to evaluate how the maintenance of two different long-term contextual fear memories leads to changes in the number of immune-positive cells for two well-known markers of neural activity (phosphorylation of MAPK and BDNF) and microglia (IBA-1). Therefore, the current experiment is designed to assess the number of immune-positive pMAPK and BDNF cells, microglial number, and morphology in the PL following CFC. Specifically, 2 weeks following conditioning, pMAPK, BDNF, and microglia number and morphology were evaluated using well-validated antibodies and immunohistochemistry (n = 12 rats per group). A standard CFC protocol applied to rats led to increases in pMAPK, BDNF expression and microglia number as compared to control conditions. Rats in the unpaired fear conditioning (UFC) procedure, despite having equivalent levels of fear to context, did not have any change in pMAPK, BDNF expression and microglia number in the PL compared to the control conditions. These data suggest that alterations in the expression of pMAPK, BDNF, and microglia in the PL can occur for up to 2 weeks following CFC. Together the data suggest that MAPK, BDNF, and microglia within the PL of the mPFC may play a role in contextual fear memory maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chaaya
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Wang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Chaaya
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Raymond Battle
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke R Johnson
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, USU School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Affective empathy and prosocial behavior in rodents. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 68:181-189. [PMID: 34091136 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is an essential function for humans as social animals. Emotional contagion, the basic form of afffective empathy, comprises the cognitive process of perceiving and sharing the affective state of others. The observational fear assay, an animal model of emotional contagion, has enabled researchers to undertake molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanism of this behavior. Such studies have revealed that observational fear is mediated through neural circuits involved in processing the affective dimension of direct pain experiences. A mouse can also respond to milder social stimuli induced by either positive or negative emotional changes in another mouse, which seems not dependent on the affective pain circuits. Further studies should explore how different neural circuits contribute to integrating different dimensions of affective empathy.
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26
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Jing W, Xia Y, Li M, Cui Y, Chen M, Xue M, Guo D, Biswal BB, Yao D. State-independent and state-dependent patterns in the rat default mode network. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118148. [PMID: 33984491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state studies have typically assumed constant functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, and these parameters of interest provide meaningful descriptions of the functional organization of the brain. A number of studies have recently provided evidence pointing to dynamic FC fluctuations in the resting brain, especially in higher-order regions such as the default mode network (DMN). The neural activities underlying dynamic FC remain poorly understood. Here, we recorded electrophysiological signals from DMN regions in freely behaving rats. The dynamic FCs between signals within the DMN were estimated by the phase locking value (PLV) method with sliding time windows across vigilance states [quiet wakefulness (QW) and slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep (SWS and REMS)]. Factor analysis was then performed to reveal the hidden patterns within the DMN. We identified distinct spatial FC patterns according to the similarities between their temporal dynamics. Interestingly, some of these patterns were vigilance state-dependent, while others were independent across states. The temporal contributions of these patterns fluctuated over time, and their interactive relationships were different across vigilance states. These spatial patterns with dynamic temporal contributions and combinations may offer a flexible framework for efficiently integrating information to support cognition and behavior. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic functional organization of the rat DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Min Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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27
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Kostelnik C, Lucki I, Choi KH, Browne CA. Translational relevance of fear conditioning in rodent models of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:365-376. [PMID: 33961927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military populations. Utilizing translationally relevant animal models is imperative for establishing a platform to delineate neurobehavioral deficits common to clinical PTSD that emerge in the months to years following mTBI. Such platforms are required to facilitate preclinical development of novel therapeutics. First, this mini review provides an overview of the incidence of PTSD following mTBI in military service members. Secondly, the translational relevance of fear conditioning paradigms used in conjunction with mTBI in preclinical studies is evaluated. Next, this review addresses an important gap in the current preclinical literature; while incubation of fear has been studied in other areas of research, there are relatively few studies pertaining to the enhancement of cued and contextual fear memory over time following mTBI. Incubation of fear paradigms in conjunction with mTBI are proposed as a novel behavioral approach to advance this critical area of research. Lastly, this review discusses potential neurobiological substrates implicated in altered fear memory post mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kostelnik
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States
| | - Kwang H Choi
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States.
| | - Caroline A Browne
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD 20814, United States.
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28
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Dinh HT, Nishimaru H, Le QV, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Maior RS, Tomaz C, Ono T, Nishijo H. Preferential Neuronal Responses to Snakes in the Monkey Medial Prefrontal Cortex Support an Evolutionary Origin for Ophidiophobia. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:653250. [PMID: 33841110 PMCID: PMC8024491 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.653250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophidiophobia (snake phobia) is one of the most common specific phobias. It has been proposed that specific phobia may have an evolutionary origin, and that attentional bias to specific items may promote the onset of phobia. Noninvasive imaging studies of patients with specific phobia reported that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), especially the rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and amygdala are activated during the presentation of phobogenic stimuli. We propose that the mPFC-amygdala circuit may be involved in the pathogenesis of phobia. The mPFC receives inputs from the phylogenically old subcortical visual pathway including the superior colliculus, pulvinar, and amygdala, while mPFC neurons are highly sensitive to snakes that are the first modern predator of primates, and discriminate snakes with striking postures from those with non-striking postures. Furthermore, the mPFC has been implicated in the attentional allocation and promotes amygdala-dependent aversive conditioning. These findings suggest that the rACC focuses attention on snakes, and promotes aversive conditioning to snakes, which may lead to anxiety and ophidiophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Trong Dinh
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Quan Van Le
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Rafael S Maior
- Primate Center and Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, CEUMA University, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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29
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Jin J, Delaparte L, Chen HW, DeLorenzo C, Perlman G, Klein DN, Mohanty A, Kotov R. Structural Connectivity Between Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Amygdala Predicts First Onset of Depressive Disorders in Adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:249-255. [PMID: 33610811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent-onset depressive disorders (DDs) are associated with deficits in the regulation of negative affect across modalities (self-report, behavioral paradigms, and neuroimaging), which may manifest prior to first-onset DDs. Whether the neurocircuitry governing emotional regulation predates DDs is unclear. This study tested whether a critical pathway for emotion regulation (rostral anterior cingulate cortex-amygdala structural connectivity) predicts first-onset DDs in adolescent females. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired on adolescent females (n = 212) without a history of DDs and the cohort was reassessed for first-onset DDs over the next 27 months. RESULTS A total of 26 girls developed first onsets of DDs in the 27 months after imaging. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lower weighted average fractional anisotropy of uncinate fasciculus tracts between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala prospectively predicted first onset of DDs (adjusted odds ratio = 0.44, p = .005), above and beyond established risk factors including baseline depression symptom severity, history of anxiety disorders, parental history of depression, parental education, and age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the first time showing that aberrant structural connectivity between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala prospectively predates first onset of DDs in adolescent females. These results highlight the importance of a well-established neural circuit implicated in the regulation of negative affect as a likely etiological factor and a promising target for intervention and prevention of DDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lauren Delaparte
- The Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hung Wei Chen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | | | - Greg Perlman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Daniel N Klein
- The Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; The Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- The Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Roman Kotov
- The Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; The Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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30
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Seamans JK. The anterior cingulate cortex and event-based modulation of autonomic states. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 158:135-169. [PMID: 33785144 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In spite of being an intensive area of research focus, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) remains somewhat of an enigma. Many theories have focused on its role in various aspects of cognition yet surgically precise lesions of the ACC, used to treat severe emotional disorders in human patients, typically have no lasting effects on cognition. An alternative view is that the ACC has a prominent role in regulating autonomic states. This view is consistent with anatomical data showing that a main target of the ACC are regions involved in autonomic control and with the observation that stimulation of the ACC evokes changes in autonomic states in both animals and humans. From an electrophysiological perspective, ACC neurons appear able to represent virtually any event or internal state, even though there is not always a strong link between these representations and behavior. Ensembles of neurons form robust contextual representations that strongly influence how specific events are encoded. The activity patterns associated with these contextually-based event representations presumably impact activity in downstream regions that control autonomic state. As a result, the ACC may regulate the autonomic and perhaps emotional reactions to events it is representing. This event-based control of autonomic tone by the ACC would likely arise during all types of cognitive and affective processes, without necessarily being critical for any of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K Seamans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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31
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de Lima MAX, Baldo MVC, Canteras NS. Revealing a Cortical Circuit Responsive to Predatory Threats and Mediating Contextual Fear Memory. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3074-3090. [PMID: 30085040 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral part of the anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AMv) receives substantial inputs from hypothalamic sites that are highly responsive to a live predator or its odor trace and represents an important thalamic hub for conveying predatory threat information to the cerebral cortex. In the present study, we begin by examining the cortico-amygdalar-hippocampal projections of the main AMv cortical targets, namely, the caudal prelimbic, rostral anterior cingulate, and medial visual areas, as well as the rostral part of the ventral retrosplenial area, one of the main targets of the anterior cingulate area. We observed that these areas form a clear cortical network. Next, we revealed that in animals exposed to a live cat, all of the elements of this circuit presented a differential increase in Fos, supporting the idea of a predator threat-responsive cortical network. Finally, we showed that bilateral cytotoxic lesions in each element of this cortical network did not change innate fear responses but drastically reduced contextual conditioning to the predator-associated environment. Overall, the present findings suggest that predator threat has an extensive representation in the cerebral cortex and revealed a cortical network that is responsive to predatory threats and exerts a critical role in processing fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Vinicius C Baldo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Newton Sabino Canteras
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Yamagishi A, Lee J, Sato N. Oxytocin in the anterior cingulate cortex is involved in helping behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nordin S. Mechanisms underlying nontoxic indoor air health problems: A review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 226:113489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Iwamoto SK, Alexander M, Torres M, Irwin MR, Christakis NA, Nishi A. Mindfulness Meditation Activates Altruism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6511. [PMID: 32300129 PMCID: PMC7162971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that mindfulness meditation reduces anxiety, depression, and stress, and improves emotion regulation due to modulation of activity in neural substrates linked to the regulation of emotions and social preferences. However, less was known about whether mindfulness meditation might alter pro-social behavior. Here we examined whether mindfulness meditation activates human altruism, a component of social cooperation. Using a simple donation game, which is a real-world version of the Dictator's Game, we randomly assigned 326 subjects to a mindfulness meditation online session or control and measured their willingness to donate a portion of their payment for participation as a charitable donation. Subjects who underwent the meditation treatment donated at a 2.61 times higher rate than the control (p = 0.005), after controlling for socio-demographics. We also found a larger treatment effect of meditation among those who did not go to college (p < 0.001) and those who were under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), with both subject groups contributing virtually nothing in the control condition. Our results imply high context modularity of human altruism and the development of intervention approaches including mindfulness meditation to increase social cooperation, especially among subjects with low baseline willingness to contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage K Iwamoto
- College of Letters & Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
- Los Angeles Center for Enriched Studies, Los Angeles, CA, 90035, United States
| | - Marcus Alexander
- Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06514, United States
| | - Mark Torres
- Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06514, United States
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Mindful Awareness Research Center and Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas A Christakis
- Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06514, United States
- Departments of Sociology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Medicine, Statistics and Data Science, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Institute for Network Science, P.O. Box 208263, New Haven, CT, 06520-8263, United States
| | - Akihiro Nishi
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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Olsson A, Knapska E, Lindström B. The neural and computational systems of social learning. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:197-212. [PMID: 32221497 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Learning the value of stimuli and actions from others - social learning - adaptively contributes to individual survival and plays a key role in cultural evolution. We review research across species targeting the neural and computational systems of social learning in both the aversive and appetitive domains. Social learning generally follows the same principles as self-experienced value-based learning, including computations of prediction errors and is implemented in brain circuits activated across task domains together with regions processing social information. We integrate neural and computational perspectives of social learning with an understanding of behaviour of varying complexity, from basic threat avoidance to complex social learning strategies and cultural phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ewelina Knapska
- Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Björn Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hakamata Y, Mizukami S, Izawa S, Moriguchi Y, Hori H, Kim Y, Hanakawa T, Inoue Y, Tagaya H. Basolateral Amygdala Connectivity With Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Represents Enhanced Fear-Related Memory Encoding in Anxious Humans. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:301-310. [PMID: 32001192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala can enhance emotional memory encoding as well as anxiogenesis via corticotropin-releasing factor neurons. However, the amygdala's explicit role in emotional encoding remains unclarified in humans. We examined how functional connectivity (FC) of amygdala subnuclei affects emotional encoding, considering its mechanism in which anxiety, attention, and cortisol conceivably participate. METHODS A total of 65 healthy humans underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and saliva collection at 10 points in time over 2 days. FC analysis was performed for basolateral amygdala subnucleus (BLA) and centromedial amygdala subnucleus. We assessed attentional control via an emotional Stroop task and assessed emotional encoding via a facial identification task that examines how strongly a neutral face is memorized when accompanied by an emotional face (fearful, sad, or happy). FC and task performance were compared between high-anxious and non-high-anxious groups classified by anxious personality scores. RESULTS BLA connected with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) in proportion to the strength of fear-related encoding, whereas centromedial subnucleus connected with caudate nucleus for happy-related encoding. The high-anxious group showed more enhanced fear-related encoding but impaired happy-related encoding compared with the non-high-anxious group. BLA-sgACC FC was more intensified in the high-anxious group than in the non-high-anxious group; however, centromedial-caudate FC did not differ between them. Although emotional encoding was uncorrelated with either attentional control or cortisol, BLA-sgACC was positively correlated with cortisol increase after awakening. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that neural interactions of BLA, specifically with sgACC, might play a critical role in fear-related memory encoding, depending on the individual's level of anxiety. These findings aid in understanding the complicated mechanisms of emotional memory in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hakamata
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shinya Mizukami
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Tagaya
- Department of Health Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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Burgos-Robles A, Gothard KM, Monfils MH, Morozov A, Vicentic A. Conserved features of anterior cingulate networks support observational learning across species. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:215-228. [PMID: 31509768 PMCID: PMC6875610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to observe, interpret, and learn behaviors and emotions from conspecifics is crucial for survival, as it bypasses direct experience to avoid potential dangers and maximize rewards and benefits. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its extended neural connections are emerging as important networks for the detection, encoding, and interpretation of social signals during observational learning. Evidence from rodents and primates (including humans) suggests that the social interactions that occur while individuals are exposed to important information in their environment lead to transfer of information across individuals that promotes adaptive behaviors in the form of either social affiliation, alertness, or avoidance. In this review, we first showcase anatomical and functional connections of the ACC in primates and rodents that contribute to the perception of social signals. We then discuss species-specific cognitive and social functions of the ACC and differentiate between neural activity related to 'self' and 'other', extending into the difference between social signals received and processed by the self, versus observing social interactions among others. We next describe behavioral and neural events that contribute to social learning via observation. Finally, we discuss some of the neural mechanisms underlying observational learning within the ACC and its extended network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Burgos-Robles
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Katalin M Gothard
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Marie H Monfils
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vicentic
- Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Fricchione G, Beach S. Cingulate-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical aspects of catatonia and implications for treatment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 166:223-252. [PMID: 31731912 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The catatonic syndrome is an example of a multifactorial neurobehavioral disorder that causes much morbidity and mortality but also has the potential to unlock the mystery of how motivation and movement interact to produce behavior. In this chapter, an attempt is made to understand better the catatonic syndrome through the lens of neurobiology and neuropathophysiology updated by recent studies in molecular biology, genomics, inflammasomics, neuroimaging, neural network theory, and neuropsychopathology. This will result in a neurostructural model for the catatonic syndrome that centers on paralimbic regions including the anterior and midcingulate cortices, as they interface with striatal and thalamic nodes in the salience decision-making network. Examination of neurologic disorders like the abulic syndrome, which includes in its extreme catatonic form, akinetic mutism, will identify the cingulate cortex and paralimbic neighbors as regions of interest. This exploration has the potential to unlock mysteries of the brain cascade from motivation to movement and to clarify catatonia therapeutics. Such a synthesis may also help us discern meaning inherent in this complex neurobehavioral syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Scott Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Regions of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices play important roles in the regulation of behaviors elicited by threat. Dissecting out their differential involvement will greatly increase our understanding of the varied etiology of symptoms of anxiety. I review evidence for altered activity within the major divisions of the prefrontal cortex, including orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and ventromedial sectors, along with the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with clinical anxiety. This review is integrated with a discussion of current knowledge about the causal role of these different prefrontal and cingulate regions in threat-elicited behaviors from experimental studies in rodents and monkeys. I highlight commonalities and inconsistencies between species and discuss the current state of our translational success in relating findings across species. Finally, I identify key issues that, if addressed, may improve that success in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom;
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40
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Keum S, Shin HS. Neural Basis of Observational Fear Learning: A Potential Model of Affective Empathy. Neuron 2019; 104:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kleshchova O, Rieder JK, Grinband J, Weierich MR. Resting amygdala connectivity and basal sympathetic tone as markers of chronic hypervigilance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:68-78. [PMID: 30529716 PMCID: PMC6605037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypervigilance, a state of sustained alertness and hyperarousal in the absence of threat, has been shown to predict poorer clinical outcomes post-trauma. An exaggerated and persistent amygdala alerting response to affective information has been proposed as a reactivity-based, and thus indirect, marker of hypervigilance. However, because chronic hypervigilance is a persistent rather than reactive state, it should be directly observable under resting-state conditions without the need for exposure to affectively charged stimuli. OBJECTIVE We tested resting amygdala connectivity and basal sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as direct neural and neuroendocrine markers of chronic hypervigilance. PARTICIPANTS 24 trauma-exposed women (age M = 22.9, SD = 5.5) and 20 no-trauma controls (age M = 21.1, SD = 3.2). MEASURES Amygdala connectivity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during viewing of novel and familiar affective scenes. Elevated amygdala connectivity during the viewing of novel scenes (exaggerated alerting response) and familiar scenes (persistent alerting response) was used as a reactivity-based index of hypervigilance. Resting amygdala connectivity and basal salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol were tested as neural and neuroendocrine markers of hypervigilance, respectively. RESULTS Compared to no-trauma controls, trauma-exposed women showed greater connectivity between the left amygdala and the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) both during affective processing and at rest. Exaggerated neural novelty response was associated with greater resting left amygdala-vACC connectivity and higher basal sAA, but not cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Greater synchronization of threat-detection circuitry in the absence of threat and basal sympathetic tone might serve as complementary resting-state markers of the cognitive and physiological components of chronic hypervigilance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kleshchova
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jenna K. Rieder
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mariann R. Weierich
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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42
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Dopaminergic Mechanisms Underlying Normal Variation in Trait Anxiety. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2735-2744. [PMID: 30737306 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2382-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait anxiety has been associated with altered activity within corticolimbic pathways connecting the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which receive rich dopaminergic input. Though the popular culture uses the term "chemical imbalance" to describe the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, we know little about how individual differences in human dopamine neurochemistry are related to variation in anxiety and activity within corticolimbic circuits. We addressed this issue by examining interindividual variability in dopamine release at rest using [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET), functional connectivity between amygdala and rACC using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and trait anxiety measures in healthy adult male and female humans. To measure endogenous dopamine release, we collected two [11C]raclopride PET scans per participant. We contrasted baseline [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding and D2/3 receptor binding following oral methylphenidate administration. Methylphenidate blocks the dopamine transporter, which increases extracellular dopamine and leads to reduced [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding via competitive displacement. We found that individuals with higher dopamine release in the amygdala and rACC self-reported lower trait anxiety. Lower trait anxiety was also associated with reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity at baseline. Further, functional connectivity showed a modest negative relationship with dopamine release such that reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity was accompanied by higher levels of dopamine release in these regions. Together, these findings contribute to hypodopaminergic models of anxiety and support the utility of combining fMRI and PET measures of neurochemical function to advance our understanding of basic affective processes in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is common wisdom that individuals vary in their baseline levels of anxiety. We all have a friend or colleague we know to be more "tightly wound" than others, or, perhaps, we are the ones marveling at others' ability to "just go with the flow." Although such observations about individual differences within nonclinical populations are commonplace, the neural mechanisms underlying normal variation in trait anxiety have not been established. Using multimodal brain imaging in humans, this study takes initial steps in linking intrinsic measures of neuromodulator release and functional connectivity within regions implicated in anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that in healthy adults, higher levels of trait anxiety may arise, at least in part, from reduced dopamine neurotransmission.
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Perogamvros L, Park HD, Bayer L, Perrault AA, Blanke O, Schwartz S. Increased heartbeat-evoked potential during REM sleep in nightmare disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101701. [PMID: 30739843 PMCID: PMC6370851 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nightmares are characterized by the experience of strong negative emotions occurring mainly during REM sleep. Some people suffer from nightmare disorder, which is defined by the repeated occurrence of nightmares and by significant distress in wakefulness. Yet, whether frequent nightmares relate to a general increase in emotional reactivity or arousal during sleep remains unclear. To address this question, we recorded heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep in patients with nightmare disorder and healthy participants. The HEP represents a cortical (EEG) response to the heartbeat and indexes brain-body interactions, such as interoceptive processing and intrinsic levels of arousal. HEP amplitude is typically increased during states of high emotional arousal and motivation, and is decreased in depression. Here we compared the amplitude of HEPs between nightmare patients and healthy controls separately during AWAKE, NREM, REM periods, and found higher HEP amplitude in nightmare patients compared to healthy controls over a cluster of frontal regions only during REM sleep. This effect was not paralleled by any group difference in cardiac control measures (e.g. heart rate variability, interbeat interval). These findings corroborate the notion that nightmares are essentially a REM pathology and suggest that increased emotional arousal during REM sleep, as measured by HEP, is a physiological condition responsible for frequent nightmares. This result also supports that HEP may be used as a biomarker of increased emotional and sensory processing during REM sleep in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Perogamvros
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Hyeong-Dong Park
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Bayer
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurore A Perrault
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Acuff HE, Versace A, Bertocci MA, Ladouceur CD, Hanford LC, Manelis A, Monk K, Bonar L, McCaffrey A, Goldstein BI, Goldstein TR, Sakolsky D, Axelson D, Birmaher B, Phillips ML. Association of Neuroimaging Measures of Emotion Processing and Regulation Neural Circuitries With Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder in Offspring at Risk for Bipolar Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:1241-1251. [PMID: 30193355 PMCID: PMC6528787 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bipolar disorder (BD) is difficult to distinguish from other psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging studies can identify objective markers of BD risk. OBJECTIVE To identify neuroimaging measures in emotion processing and regulation neural circuitries and their associations with symptoms specific to youth at risk for BD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional (August 1, 2011, to July 31, 2017) and longitudinal (February 1, 2013, to November 30, 2017) neuroimaging study performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center compared a sample of 31 offspring of parents with BD (OBP) with 28 offspring of comparison parents with non-BD psychopathologies (OCP) and 21 offspring of healthy parents (OHP); OBP, OCP, and OHP were recruited from the Bipolar Offspring Study and the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms Study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Group differences in activity and functional connectivity during emotional face processing and n-back task performance in amygdala, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (PFC), caudal anterior cingulate cortices (cACC), and rostral anterior cingulate cortices (rACC) neuroimaging measures showing between-group differences and symptom severity (anxiety, affective lability, depression, mania). We hypothesized that elevated amygdala activity and/or lower PFC activity and abnormal amygdala to PFC functional connectivity would distinguish OBP from OCP and OHP, and magnitudes of these abnormalities would positively correlate with elevated symptom severity. We explored associations between changes in neuroimaging and symptom measures over follow-up (mean [SD], 2.9 [1.4] years) in a subset of participants (n = 30). RESULTS Eighty participants were included (mean [SD] age, 14.2 (2.1) years; 35 female). Twelve neuroimaging measures explained 51% of the variance in the results of neuroimaging measures overall. Of the 12, 9 showed significant main associations of the group; however, after post hoc analyses and Bonferroni corrections, only 7 showed statistically significant associations between groups (corrected P < .05 for all). Of the 7, 2 showed significant relationships with symptoms. Offspring of parents with BD had greater right rACC activity when regulating attention to happy faces vs OCP (mean [SD] difference, 0.744 [0.249]; 95% CI, 0.134-1.354; P = .01), which positively correlated with affective lability severity (ρ = 0.304; uncorrected P = .006). Offspring of parents with BD had greater amygdala to left cACC functional connectivity when regulating attention to fearful faces vs OCP (mean [SD] difference, 0.493 [0.169]; 95% CI, 0.079-0.908; P = .01). Increases in this measure positively correlated with increases in affective lability over follow-up (r = 0.541; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Greater anterior cingulate cortex activity and functional connectivity during emotion regulation tasks may be specific markers of BD risk. These findings highlight potential neural targets to aid earlier identification of and guide new treatment developments for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Acuff
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Manelis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alicia McCaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Tina R. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dara Sakolsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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45
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Jhang J, Lee H, Kang MS, Lee HS, Park H, Han JH. Anterior cingulate cortex and its input to the basolateral amygdala control innate fear response. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2744. [PMID: 30013065 PMCID: PMC6048069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal brain areas are implicated in the control of fear behavior. However, how prefrontal circuits control fear response to innate threat is poorly understood. Here, we show that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its input to the basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA) contribute to innate fear response to a predator odor in mice. Optogenetic inactivation of the ACC enhances freezing response to fox urine without affecting conditioned freezing. Conversely, ACC stimulation robustly inhibits both innate and conditioned freezing. Circuit tracing and slice patch recordings demonstrate a monosynaptic glutamatergic connectivity of ACC-BLA but no or very sparse ACC input to the central amygdala. Finally, our optogenetic manipulations of the ACC-BLA projection suggest its inhibitory control of innate freezing response to predator odors. Together, our results reveal the role of the ACC and its projection to BLA in innate fear response to olfactory threat stimulus. Brain circuits that control innate fear response are essential for an animal’s survival. Here, the authors report how the anterior cingulate cortex and its projection to amygdala control the innate fear response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyoeun Lee
- Department of Structure & Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyungju Park
- Department of Structure & Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury (KIB), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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Xiao X, Zhang YQ. A new perspective on the anterior cingulate cortex and affective pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:200-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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O'Leary JD, Hoban AE, Cryan JF, O'Leary OF, Nolan YM. Differential effects of adolescent and adult-initiated voluntary exercise on context and cued fear conditioning. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:49-58. [PMID: 29793890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for postnatal brain maturation and a time during which there is increased susceptibility to developing emotional and cognitive-related disorders. Exercise during adulthood has been shown to increase hippocampal plasticity and enhance cognition. However, the impact of exercise initiated in adolescence, on brain and behaviour in adulthood is not yet fully explored or understood. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of voluntary exercise that was initiated either during adolescence or early adulthood on cognitive performance in hippocampal and amygdala-dependent fear conditioning tasks in adulthood. Adult (eight weeks old) and adolescent (four weeks old) male Sprague Dawley rats had access to a running wheel (exercise) or were left undisturbed (sedentary control) for seven weeks. Adult-initiated exercise enhanced both contextual and cued fear conditioning, while conversely, exercise that began in adolescence did not affect performance in these tasks. These behaviours were accompanied by differential expression of plasticity-related genes in the hippocampus and amygdala in adulthood. Specifically, adolescent-initiated exercise increased the expression of an array of plasticity related genes in the hippocampus including BDNF, synaptophysin, Creb, PSD-95, Arc, TLX and DCX, while adult-initiated exercise did not affect hippocampal plasticity related genes. Together results show that exercise initiated during adolescence has a differential effect on hippocampal and amygdala-dependent behaviour and neuronal plasticity compared to when exercise was initiated in adulthood. These findings reinforce adolescence as a period during which environmental influences have a distinct impact on neuronal plasticity and cognition. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- James D O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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48
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Allsop SA, Wichmann R, Mills F, Burgos-Robles A, Chang CJ, Felix-Ortiz AC, Vienne A, Beyeler A, Izadmehr EM, Glober G, Cum MI, Stergiadou J, Anandalingam KK, Farris K, Namburi P, Leppla CA, Weddington JC, Nieh EH, Smith AC, Ba D, Brown EN, Tye KM. Corticoamygdala Transfer of Socially Derived Information Gates Observational Learning. Cell 2018; 173:1329-1342.e18. [PMID: 29731170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Observational learning is a powerful survival tool allowing individuals to learn about threat-predictive stimuli without directly experiencing the pairing of the predictive cue and punishment. This ability has been linked to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). To investigate how information is encoded and transmitted through this circuit, we performed electrophysiological recordings in mice observing a demonstrator mouse undergo associative fear conditioning and found that BLA-projecting ACC (ACC→BLA) neurons preferentially encode socially derived aversive cue information. Inhibition of ACC→BLA alters real-time amygdala representation of the aversive cue during observational conditioning. Selective inhibition of the ACC→BLA projection impaired acquisition, but not expression, of observational fear conditioning. We show that information derived from observation about the aversive value of the cue is transmitted from the ACC to the BLA and that this routing of information is critically instructive for observational fear conditioning. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Allsop
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Romy Wichmann
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fergil Mills
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Burgos-Robles
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ada C Felix-Ortiz
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alienor Vienne
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Beyeler
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ehsan M Izadmehr
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordon Glober
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Meghan I Cum
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Johanna Stergiadou
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kavitha K Anandalingam
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathryn Farris
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Praneeth Namburi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Leppla
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Javier C Weddington
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward H Nieh
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anne C Smith
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Demba Ba
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kay M Tye
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Torres-García ME, Medina AC, Quirarte GL, Prado-Alcalá RA. Differential Effects of Inactivation of Discrete Regions of Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Memory Consolidation of Moderate and Intense Inhibitory Avoidance Training. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:842. [PMID: 29204119 PMCID: PMC5698302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in memory encoding of aversive events, such as inhibitory avoidance (IA) training. Dissociable roles have been described for different mPFC subregions regarding various memory processes, wherein the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PL), and infralimbic cortex (IL) are involved in acquisition, retrieval, and extinction of aversive events, respectively. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that intense training impedes the effects on memory of treatments that typically interfere with memory consolidation. The aim of this work was to determine if there are differential effects on memory induced by reversible inactivation of neural activity of ACC, PL, or IL produced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in rats trained in IA using moderate (1.0 mA) and intense (3.0 mA) foot-shocks. We found that inactivation of ACC has no effects on memory consolidation, regardless of intensity of training. PL inactivation impairs memory consolidation in the 1.0 mA group, while no effect on consolidation was produced in the 3.0 mA group. In the case of IL, a remarkable amnestic effect in LTM was observed in both training conditions. However, state-dependency can explain the amnestic effect of TTX found in the 3.0 mA IL group. In order to circumvent this effect, TTX was injected into IL immediately after training (thus avoiding state-dependency). The behavioral results are equivalent to those found after PL inactivation. Therefore, these findings provide evidence that PL and IL, but not ACC, mediate LTM of IA only in moderate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Torres-García
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrea C Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gina L Quirarte
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Roberto A Prado-Alcalá
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Structural connectomics of anxious arousal in early adolescence: Translating clinical and ethological findings. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:604-609. [PMID: 28971010 PMCID: PMC5619942 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Etiological explanations of clinical anxiety can be advanced through understanding the neural mechanisms associated with anxiety in youth prior to the emergence of psychopathology. In this vein, the present study sought to investigate how trait anxiety is related to features of the structural connectome in early adolescence. 40 adolescents (21 female, mean age = 13.49 years) underwent a diffusion-weighted imaging scan. We hypothesized that the strength of several a priori defined structural connections would vary with anxious arousal based on previous work in human clinical neuroscience and adult rodent optogenetics. First, connection strength of caudate to rostral middle frontal gyrus was predicted to be anticorrelated with anxious arousal, predicated on extant work in clinically-diagnosed adolescents. Second, connection strength of amygdala to rostral anterior cingulate and to medial orbital frontal cortex would be positively and negatively correlated with anxious arousal, respectively, predicated on rodent optogenetics showing the former pathway is anxiogenic and the latter is anxiolytic. We also predicted that levels of anxiety would not vary with measures of global network topology, based on reported null findings. Results support that anxiety in early adolescence is associated with (1) the clinical biomarker connecting caudate to frontal cortex, and (2) the anxiogenic pathway connecting amygdala to rostral anterior cingulate, both in left but not right hemisphere. Findings support that in early adolescence, anxious arousal may be related to mechanisms that increase anxiogenesis, and not in a deficit in regulatory mechanisms that support anxiolysis.
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