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Wani SN, Grewal AK, Khan H, Singh TG. Elucidating the molecular symphony: unweaving the transcriptional & epigenetic pathways underlying neuroplasticity in opioid dependence and withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06684-9. [PMID: 39254835 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The persistent use of opioids leads to profound changes in neuroplasticity of the brain, contributing to the emergence and persistence of addiction. However, chronic opioid use disrupts the delicate balance of the reward system in the brain, leading to neuroadaptations that underlie addiction. Chronic cocaine usage leads to synchronized alterations in gene expression, causing modifications in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), a vital part of the reward system of the brain. These modifications assist in the development of maladaptive behaviors that resemble addiction. Neuroplasticity in the context of addiction involves changes in synaptic connectivity, neuronal morphology, and molecular signaling pathways. Drug-evoked neuroplasticity in opioid addiction and withdrawal represents a complicated interaction between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Identifying specific transcriptional and epigenetic targets that can be modulated to restore normal neuroplasticity without disrupting essential physiological processes is a critical consideration. The discussion in this article focuses on the transcriptional aspects of drug-evoked neuroplasticity, emphasizing the role of key transcription factors, including cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), ΔFosB, NF-kB, Myocyte-enhancing factor 2 (MEF2), Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), E2F3a, and FOXO3a. These factors regulate gene expression and lead to the neuroadaptive changes observed in addiction and withdrawal. Epigenetic regulation, which involves modifying gene accessibility by controlling these structures, has been identified as a critical component of addiction development. By unraveling these complex molecular processes, this study provides valuable insights that may pave the way for future therapeutic interventions targeting the mechanisms underlying addiction and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Nazir Wani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
- Aman Pharmacy College, Dholakhera, Udaipurwati, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, 333307, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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2
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Battivelli D, Vernochet C, Conabady E, Nguyen C, Zayed A, Lebel A, Meirsman AC, Messaoudene S, Fieggen A, Dreux G, Rigoni D, Le Borgne T, Marti F, Contesse T, Barik J, Tassin JP, Faure P, Parnaudeau S, Tronche F. Dopamine Neuron Activity and Stress Signaling as Links Between Social Hierarchy and Psychopathology Vulnerability. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)01600-1. [PMID: 37804900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social status in humans, generally reflected by socioeconomic status, has been associated, when constrained, with heightened vulnerability to pathologies including psychiatric diseases. Social hierarchy in mice translates into individual and interdependent behavioral strategies of animals within a group. The rules leading to the emergence of a social organization are elusive, and detangling the contribution of social status from other factors, whether environmental or genetic, to normal and pathological behaviors remains challenging. METHODS We investigated the mechanisms shaping the emergence of a social hierarchy in isogenic C57BL/6 mice raised in groups of 4 using conditional mutant mouse models and chemogenetic manipulation of dopamine midbrain neuronal activity. We further studied the evolution of behavioral traits and the vulnerability to psychopathological-like phenotypes according to the social status of the animals. RESULTS Higher sociability predetermined higher social hierarchy in the colony. Upon hierarchy establishment, higher-ranked mice showed increased anxiety and better cognitive abilities in a working memory task. Strikingly, the higher-ranked mice displayed a reduced activity of dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area, paired with a decreased behavioral response to cocaine and a decreased vulnerability to depressive-like behaviors following repeated social defeats. The pharmacogenetic inhibition of this neuronal population and the genetic inactivation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling in dopamine-sensing brain areas that resulted in decreased dopaminergic activity promoted accession to higher social ranks. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine activity and its modulation by the stress response shapes social organization in mice, potentially linking interindividual and social status differences in vulnerability to psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Battivelli
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Vernochet
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Conabady
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Claire Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Neurophysiology and Behavior group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Abdallah Zayed
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ashley Lebel
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aura Carole Meirsman
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Messaoudene
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Fieggen
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gautier Dreux
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daiana Rigoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Tinaïg Le Borgne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Neurophysiology and Behavior group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Neurophysiology and Behavior group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Contesse
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Pol Tassin
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Neurophysiology and Behavior group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Parnaudeau
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - François Tronche
- Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors group, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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CHIBA S, NUMAKAWA T, MURATA T, KAWAMINAMI M, HIMI T. Enhanced social reward response and anxiety-like behavior with downregulation of nucleus accumbens glucocorticoid receptor in BALB/c mice. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:30-39. [PMID: 36403974 PMCID: PMC9887208 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anhedonia is a psychological state with difficulty in experiencing pleasure from social interactions and is observed in various diseases, such as depressive disorders. Although the relationships between social reward responses and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors have remained unclear, a social reward conditioned place preference (SCPP) test can be used to analyze the rewarding nature of social interactions. To elucidate these relationships, we used 5-week-old male mice of AKR, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J strains and conducted behavioral tests in the following order: elevated plus-maze test (EPM), open field test (OFT), SCPP, saccharin preference test (SPT), and passive avoidance test. The nucleus accumbens of these mice were collected 24 hr after these behavioral tests and were used for western blotting to determine the levels of receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glucocorticoids. BALB/c mice displayed the highest levels of anxiety-like behavior in EPM and OFT as well as physical anhedonia-like behaviors in SPT. They also showed increased responses to social rewards and huddling behaviors in SCPP, with downregulated glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Regression analysis results revealed positive influences of anxiety- and physical anhedonia-like behaviors and expressions of GR on social reward responses. Collectively, temperament associated with anxiety and physical anhedonia may affect social reward responses, which possibly is influenced by the expression of GR that can modify these psychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi CHIBA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadahiro NUMAKAWA
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya MURATA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki HIMI
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler complex within the reward pathway is required for behavioral adaptations to stress. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1807. [PMID: 35379786 PMCID: PMC8980038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enduring behavioral changes upon stress exposure involve changes in gene expression sustained by epigenetic modifications in brain circuits, including the mesocorticolimbic pathway. Brahma (BRM) and Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1) are ATPase subunits of the SWI/SNF complexes involved in chromatin remodeling, a process essential to enduring plastic changes in gene expression. Here, we show that in mice, social defeat induces changes in BRG1 nuclear distribution. The inactivation of the Brg1/Smarca4 gene within dopamine-innervated regions or the constitutive inactivation of the Brm/Smarca2 gene leads to resilience to repeated social defeat and decreases the behavioral responses to cocaine without impacting midbrain dopamine neurons activity. Within striatal medium spiny neurons, Brg1 gene inactivation reduces the expression of stress- and cocaine-induced immediate early genes, increases levels of heterochromatin and at a global scale decreases chromatin accessibility. Altogether these data demonstrate the pivotal function of SWI/SNF complexes in behavioral and transcriptional adaptations to salient environmental challenges. Repeated exposure to social stressors in rodents results in behavioural changes. Here the authors show that behavioural adaptations to stress are associated with nuclear organization changes through SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler in specific neuronal populations of the mesolimbic system.
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5
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Abstract
Learning to respond appropriately to one's surrounding environment is fundamental to survival. Importantly, however, individuals vary in how they respond to cues in the environment and this variation may be a key determinant of psychopathology. The ability of seemingly neutral cues to promote maladaptive behavior is a hallmark of several psychiatric disorders including, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, it is important to uncover the neural mechanisms by which such cues are able to attain inordinate control and promote psychopathological behavior. Here, we suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in this process. Glucocorticoids are primarily recognized as the main hormone secreted in response to stress but are known to exert their effects across the body and the brain, and to affect learning and memory, cognition and reward-related behaviors, among other things. Here we speculate that glucocorticoids act to facilitate a dopamine-dependent form of cue-reward learning that appears to be relevant to a number of psychiatric conditions. Specifically, we propose to utilize the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model as a means to capture individual variation in stimulus-reward learning and to isolate the role of glucocorticoid-dopamine interactions in mediating these individual differences. It is hoped that this framework will lead to the discovery of novel mechanisms that contribute to complex neuropsychiatric disorders and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A. Lopez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shelly B. Flagel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Skupio U, Tertil M, Bilecki W, Barut J, Korostynski M, Golda S, Kudla L, Wiktorowska L, Sowa JE, Siwiec M, Bobula B, Pels K, Tokarski K, Hess G, Ruszczycki B, Wilczynski G, Przewlocki R. Astrocytes determine conditioned response to morphine via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent regulation of lactate release. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:404-415. [PMID: 31254970 PMCID: PMC6901448 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, neurons have been the primary focus of research on the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of brain function and pathological behaviors, such as addiction. Astrocytes, which are also glucocorticoid-responsive, have been recently implicated in the development of drug abuse, albeit through as yet undefined mechanisms. Here, using a spectrum of tools (whole-transcriptome profiling, viral-mediated RNA interference in vitro and in vivo, behavioral pharmacology and electrophysiology), we demonstrate that astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are an important locus of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent transcriptional changes that regulate rewarding effects of morphine. Specifically, we show that targeted knockdown of the GR in the NAc astrocytes enhanced conditioned responses to morphine, with a concomitant inhibition of morphine-induced neuronal excitability and plasticity. Interestingly, GR knockdown did not influence sensitivity to cocaine. Further analyses revealed GR-dependent regulation of astroglial metabolism. Notably, GR knockdown inhibited induced by glucocorticoids lactate release in astrocytes. Finally, lactate administration outbalanced conditioned responses to morphine in astroglial GR knockdown mice. These findings demonstrate a role of GR-dependent regulation of astrocytic metabolism in the NAc and a key role of GR-expressing astrocytes in opioid reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Skupio
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tertil
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bilecki
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Barut
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Golda
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucja Kudla
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucja Wiktorowska
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna E. Sowa
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pels
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland ,0000 0001 1943 2944grid.419305.aDepartment of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blazej Ruszczycki
- 0000 0001 1943 2944grid.419305.aDepartment of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilczynski
- 0000 0001 1943 2944grid.419305.aDepartment of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, McClung CA. Mood-related central and peripheral clocks. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:326-345. [PMID: 30402924 PMCID: PMC6502705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Kudla L, Bugno R, Skupio U, Wiktorowska L, Solecki W, Wojtas A, Golembiowska K, Zádor F, Benyhe S, Buda S, Makuch W, Przewlocka B, Bojarski AJ, Przewlocki R. Functional characterization of a novel opioid, PZM21, and its effects on the behavioural responses to morphine. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4434-4445. [PMID: 31347704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The concept of opioid ligands biased towards the G protein pathway with minimal recruitment of β-arrestin-2 is a promising approach for the development of novel, efficient, and potentially nonaddictive opioid therapeutics. A recently discovered biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, PZM21, showed analgesic effects with reduced side effects. Here, we aimed to further investigate the behavioural and biochemical properties of PZM21. EXPERIMENT APPROACH We evaluated antinociceptive effects of systemic and intrathecal PZM21 administration. Its addiction-like properties were determined using several behavioural approaches: conditioned place preference, locomotor sensitization, precipitated withdrawal, and self-administration. Also, effects of PZM21 on morphine-induced antinociception, tolerance, and reward were assessed. Effects of PZM21 on striatal release of monoamines were evaluated using brain microdialysis. KEY RESULTS PZM21 caused long-lasting dose-dependent antinociception. It did not induce reward- and reinforcement-related behaviour; however, its repeated administration led to antinociceptive tolerance and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. Pretreatment with PZM21 enhanced morphine-induced antinociception and attenuated the expression of morphine reward. In comparison to morphine, PZM21 administration induced a moderate release of dopamine and a robust release of 5-HT in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PZM21 exhibited antinociceptive efficacy, without rewarding or reinforcing properties. However, its clinical application may be restricted, as it induces tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Notably, its ability to diminish morphine reward implies that PZM21 may be useful in treatment of opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucja Kudla
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Skupio
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucja Wiktorowska
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Wojtas
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Golembiowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szymon Buda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Chen M, Zhang X, Hao W. H3K4 dimethylation at FosB promoter in the striatum of chronic stressed rats promotes morphine-induced conditioned place preference. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221506. [PMID: 31442272 PMCID: PMC6707596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of FosB gene in striatum is essential in addiction establishment. Activated glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) induce FosB gene expression in response to stressor. Therefore, elevation of FosB expression in striatum serves as one mechanism by which stress increases risk for addiction. In this study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to investigate whether chronic stress result in histone modifications at FosB gene promoter in striatum and how these histone modifications affect FosB expression and the establishment of addiction behavior after administration of drugs of abuse. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: Electric foot shock (EFS) group received 7-day EFS to induce chronic stress; electric foot shock plus mifepristone (EFS + Mif) group were injected with mifepristone, a nonspecific GRs antagonist, before EFS; control group did not receive any EFS. All groups then received 2-day conditioned place preference (CPP) training with morphine (5 mg/kg body weight) to test vulnerability to drug addiction. Before and after morphine administration, FosB mRNA in striatum was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Levels of histone H3/H4 acetylation and histone H3K4 dimethylation at FosB promoter in striatum after morphine administration were measured by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) plus real-time PCR. EFS group had stronger place preference to morphine and had significantly higher level of FosB mRNA in striatum than the other two groups. H3K4 dimethylation was 2.6-fold higher in EFS group than control group, while no statistical difference in H3/H4 acetylation. Mifepristone administration before EFS decreased histone H3K4 dimethylation and FosB mRNA in striatum, and also diminished morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Altogether, increased level of H3K4 dimethylation at FosB promoter in striatum is partially dependent on the activation of GR and responsible for the elevated level of morphine-induced FosB mRNA in chronic stressed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Coutens B, Mouledous L, Stella M, Rampon C, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Roussin A, Guiard BP, Jouanjus E. Lack of correlation between the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and the rewarding properties of pregabalin in mouse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2069-2082. [PMID: 30879119 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pregabalin is a psychoactive drug indicated in the treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and generalized anxiety disorders. Pregabalin acts on different neurotransmission systems by inactivating the alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. In light of this pharmacological property, the hypothesis has been raised that pregabalin may regulate the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and thereby display a potential for misuse or abuse as recently observed in humans. Although some preclinical data support this possibility, the rewarding properties of gabapentinoid are still a matter for debate. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate the rewarding properties of pregabalin and to determine its putative mechanism of action in healthy mice. RESULTS Pregabalin alone (60 mg/kg; s.c.) produced a rewarding effect in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test albeit to a lower extent than cocaine (30 mg/kg; s.c.). Interestingly, when assessing locomotor activity in the CPP, the PGB60 group, similarly to the cocaine group, showed an increased locomotor activity. In vivo single unit extracellular recording showed that pregabalin had mixed effects on dopamine (DA) neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area since it decreased the activity of 50% of neurons and increased 28.5% of them. In contrast, cocaine decreased 75% of VTA DA neuronal activity whereas none of the neurons were activated. Intracerebal microdialysis was then conducted in awake freely mice to determine to what extent such electrophysiological parameters influence the extracellular DA concentrations ([DA]ext) in the nucleus accumbens. Although pregabalin failed to modify this parameter, cocaine produced a robust increase (800%) in [DA]ext. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these electrophysiological and neurochemical experiments suggest that the rewarding properties of pregabalin result from a different mode of action than that observed with cocaine. Further experiments are warranted to determine whether such undesirable effects can be potentiated under pathological conditions such as neuropathic pain, mood disorders, or addiction and to identify the key neurotransmitter system involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Coutens
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Bât4R3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Bât4R3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Manta Stella
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Bât4R3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Bât4R3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM-Université Toulouse 3, UMR 1027, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Roussin
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM-Université Toulouse 3, UMR 1027, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Bât4R3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France. .,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France. .,CNRS UMR-5169, UPS, 31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Emilie Jouanjus
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM-Université Toulouse 3, UMR 1027, 31000, Toulouse, France
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11
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Lefevre EM, Medley GA, Reeks T, Alexander S, Burne THJ, Eyles DW. Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 on MK-801 induced behavioural sensitisation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176156. [PMID: 28430805 PMCID: PMC5400269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to modulate sensitisation to repeated psychostimulant exposure. However, there is no direct evidence linking glucocorticoids and sensitisation achieved by repeated administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We tested the hypothesis that co-administration of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, prior to repeated daily MK-801 injections would block the expression of locomotor sensitisation due to its dual effects on corticosterone and dopamine. We employed a repeated MK-801 administration locomotor sensitisation paradigm in male Sprague Dawley rats. RU486 or a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle was co-administered with MK-801 or saline during the induction phase. Subsequent to withdrawal, rats were challenged with MK-801 alone to test for the expression of sensitisation. In a separate cohort of rats, plasma corticosterone levels were quantified from blood samples taken on the 1st, 4th and 7th day of induction and at expression. One day after challenge, nucleus accumbens tissue levels of dopamine and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA were measured. During the induction phase, RU486 progressively enhanced locomotor sensitisation to MK-801. RU486 and MK-801 both showed stimulatory effects on corticosterone levels and this was further augmented when given in combination. Contrary to our hypothesis, RU486 did not block the expression of locomotor sensitisation to MK-801 and actually increased levels of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA in nucleus accumbens tissue. Our results showed that RU486 has augmentative rather than inhibitory effects on MK-801-induced sensitisation. This study indicates a divergent role for glucocorticoids in sensitisation to MK-801 compared to sensitisation with other psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Lefevre
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory A. Medley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Reeks
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzy Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas H. J. Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darryl W. Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Packard AEB, Egan AE, Ulrich-Lai YM. HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1897-1934. [PMID: 27783863 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most salient behaviors that individuals engage in involve the avoidance of aversive experiences and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences. Engagement in these behaviors is regulated to a significant extent by an individual's hormonal milieu. For example, glucocorticoid hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and influence most aspects of behavior. In turn, many behaviors can influence HPA axis activity. These bidirectional interactions not only coordinate an individual's physiological and behavioral states to each other, but can also tune them to environmental conditions thereby optimizing survival. The present review details the influence of the HPA axis on many types of behavior, including appetitively-motivated behaviors (e.g., food intake and drug use), aversively-motivated behaviors (e.g., anxiety-related and depressive-like) and cognitive behaviors (e.g., learning and memory). Conversely, the manuscript also describes how engaging in various behaviors influences HPA axis activity. Our current understanding of the neuronal and/or hormonal mechanisms that underlie these interactions is also summarized. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1897-1934, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Zhu J, Zhu F, Zhao N, Mu X, Li P, Wang W, Liu J, Ma X. Methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter modulates morphine dependence and accompanied hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1459-1473. [PMID: 27618384 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis played an important role in morphine dependence. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underlying morphine-induced HPA axis dysfunction and morphine dependence remains unclear. In the current study, 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), was used to examine the effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoter 17 methylation on chronic morphine-induced HPA axis dysfunction and behavioral changes in rats and the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that chronic but not acute morphine downregulated the expression of nuclear GR protein and GR exon 17 variant mRNA, and upregulated the methylation of GR 17 exon promoter in the hippocampus of rats. Meanwhile, 5-aza per se had no effect on observed molecular and behavior change. In contrast, pretreatment of 5-aza into rat hippocampus reversed chronic morphine-induced hypermethylation of GR 17 promoter and decrease in GR expression. Moreover, pretreatment of 5-aza attenuated chronic morphine-enhanced HPA axis reactivity and the naloxone-precipitated somatic signs in morphine-dependent rats. Our results suggest that chronic morphine induced hypermethylation of GR 17 promoter, which then downregulated the expression of hippocampal GR, and was thus involved in chronic morphine-induced dysfunction of the HPA axis and the modulation of morphine dependence. Moreover, chronic morphine-induced hypermethylation of GR 17 promoter may be at least partially due to the increase in hippocampal DNMT 1 expression and its binding at GR 17 promoter in the rat hippocampus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest University of Politics and Law School of Police, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Mu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shaanxi Province & Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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14
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Glienke K, Piefke M. Acute social stress before the planning phase improves memory performance in a complex real life-related prospective memory task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Viola TW, Wearick-Silva LE, De Azeredo LA, Centeno-Silva A, Murphy C, Marshall P, Li X, Singewald N, Garcia F, Bredy TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. Increased cocaine-induced conditioned place preference during periadolescence in maternally separated male BALB/c mice: the role of cortical BDNF, microRNA-212, and MeCP2. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3279-88. [PMID: 27392631 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early life stress is a major risk factor for cocaine addiction; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. MicroRNA-212 (miR-212) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) have recently emerged as key regulators of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling during the acquisition and maintenance of cocaine-seeking behaviors. OBJECTIVES We therefore investigated the effect of maternal separation (MS) on cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) during periadolescence and how this influences miR-212, Mecp2, and Bdnf expressions in the prefrontal cortex. METHODS Male BALB/c mice subjected to MS (3 h/day) from postnatal day 2 to 15 or normal animal facility rearing (AFR) were tested for CPP at postnatal day 45, or not exposed to experimental manipulations (drug-naïve animals). Cultured primary cortical neurons were used to determine miR-212 expression changes following depolarization by KCL treatment. RESULTS MS increased cocaine-induced CPP and decreased Bdnf exon IV expression, which correlated with higher CPP scores in such animals. An experience-dependent decrease in miR-212 expression was observed following CPP test. This effect was mimicked in primary cortical neurons in vitro, under activity-dependent conditions. In contrast, increased Mecp2 expression was found after CPP test, suggesting an opposing relationship between miR-212 and Mecp2 expression following cocaine place preference acquisition. However, these effects were not present in mice exposed to MS. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that early life stress can enhance the motivational salience for cocaine-paired cues during periadolescence, and that altered expression of miR-212, Mecp2, and Bdnf in the prefrontal cortex is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 928, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 928, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo De Azeredo
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 928, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Centeno-Silva
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 928, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Conor Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frederico Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 928, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Abstract
In the face of chronic stress, some individuals can maintain normal function while others go on to develop mental illness. Addiction, affecting one in every twelve people in America, is a substance use disorder long associated with stressful life events and disruptions in the sleep/wake cycle. The circadian and stress response systems have evolved to afford adaptability to environmental changes and allow for maintenance of functional stability, or homeostasis. This mini-review will discuss how circadian rhythms and stress individually affect drug response, affect each other, and how their interactions may regulate reward-related behavior. In particular, we will focus on the interactions between the circadian clock and the regulation of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Determining how these two systems act on dopaminergic reward circuitry may not only reveal the basis for vulnerability to addiction, but may also illuminate potential therapeutic targets for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Becker-Krail
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen McClung
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Berry JN, Saunders MA, Sharrett-Field LJ, Reynolds AR, Bardo MT, Pauly JR, Prendergast MA. Corticosterone enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signaling to promote isolated ventral tegmental area activity in a reconstituted mesolimbic dopamine pathway. Brain Res Bull 2015; 120:159-65. [PMID: 26631585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in circulating corticosteroids during periods of stress may influence activity of the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway by increasing glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression and/or function in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner. The current study employed organotypic co-cultures of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) to examine the effects of corticosterone exposure on NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal viability. Co-cultures were pre-exposed to vehicle or corticosterone (CORT; 1 μM) for 5 days prior to a 24 h co-exposure to NMDA (200 μM). Co-cultures pre-exposed to a non-toxic concentration of corticosterone and subsequently NMDA showed significant neurotoxicity in the VTA only. This was evidenced by increases in propidium iodide uptake as well as decreases in immunoreactivity of the neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). Co-exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-7-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; 50 μM) or the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone (10 μM) attenuated neurotoxicity. In contrast, the combination of corticosterone and NMDA did not produce any significant effects on either measure within the NAcc. Cultures of the VTA and NAcc maintained without synaptic contact showed no response to CORT or NMDA. These results demonstrate the ability to functionally reconstitute key regions of the mesolimbic reward pathway ex vivo and to reveal a GR-dependent enhancement of NMDA receptor-dependent signaling in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Berry
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States.
| | - Meredith A Saunders
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Lynda J Sharrett-Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Anna R Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Mark A Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Biomedical and Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
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18
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Logan RW, Edgar N, Gillman AG, Hoffman D, Zhu X, McClung CA. Chronic Stress Induces Brain Region-Specific Alterations of Molecular Rhythms that Correlate with Depression-like Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:249-58. [PMID: 25771506 PMCID: PMC4509914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence implicates circadian abnormalities as a component of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates rhythms throughout the brain and body. On a cellular level, rhythms are generated by transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational feedback loops of core circadian genes and proteins. In patients with MDD, recent evidence suggests reduced amplitude of molecular rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions. We investigated whether unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), an animal model that induces a depression-like physiological and behavioral phenotype, induces circadian disruptions similar to those seen with MDD. METHODS Activity and temperature rhythms were recorded in C57BL/6J mice before, during, and after exposure to UCMS, and brain tissue explants were collected from Period2 luciferase mice following UCMS to assess cellular rhythmicity. RESULTS UCMS significantly decreased circadian amplitude of activity and body temperature in mice, similar to findings in MDD patients, and these changes directly correlated with depression-related behavior. While amplitude of molecular rhythms in the SCN was decreased following UCMS, surprisingly, rhythms in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were amplified with no changes seen in the prefrontal cortex or amygdala. These molecular rhythm changes in the SCN and the NAc also directly correlated with mood-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS These studies found that circadian rhythm abnormalities directly correlate with depression-related behavior following UCMS and suggest a desynchronization of rhythms in the brain with an independent enhancement of rhythms in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Logan
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Edgar
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea G Gillman
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania..
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19
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The impact of stress on feedback and error processing during behavioral adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2015; 71:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Parnaudeau S, Dongelmans ML, Turiault M, Ambroggi F, Delbes AS, Cansell C, Luquet S, Piazza PV, Tronche F, Barik J. Glucocorticoid receptor gene inactivation in dopamine-innervated areas selectively decreases behavioral responses to amphetamine. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:35. [PMID: 24574986 PMCID: PMC3921555 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The meso-cortico-limbic system, via dopamine release, encodes the rewarding and reinforcing properties of natural rewards. It is also activated in response to abused substances and is believed to support drug-related behaviors. Dysfunctions of this system lead to several psychiatric conditions including feeding disorders and drug addiction. These disorders are also largely influenced by environmental factors and in particular stress exposure. Stressors activate the corticotrope axis ultimately leading to glucocorticoid hormone (GCs) release. GCs bind the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) a transcription factor ubiquitously expressed including within the meso-cortico-limbic tract. While GR within dopamine-innervated areas drives cocaine's behavioral responses, its implication in responses to other psychostimulants such as amphetamine has never been clearly established. Moreover, while extensive work has been made to uncover the role of this receptor in addicted behaviors, its contribution to the rewarding and reinforcing properties of food has yet to be investigated. Using mouse models carrying GR gene inactivation in either dopamine neurons or in dopamine-innervated areas, we found that GR in dopamine responsive neurons is essential to properly build amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization. c-Fos quantification in the nucleus accumbens further confirmed defective neuronal activation following amphetamine injection. These diminished neuronal and behavioral responses to amphetamine may involve alterations in glutamate transmission as suggested by the decreased MK801-elicited hyperlocomotion and by the hyporeactivity to glutamate of a subpopulation of medium spiny neurons. In contrast, GR inactivation did not affect rewarding and reinforcing properties of food suggesting that responding for natural reward under basal conditions is preserved in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Parnaudeau
- UMR 7224 CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, "Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors" Group Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRs 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Dongelmans
- UMR 7224 CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, "Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors" Group Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRs 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France
| | - Marc Turiault
- UMR 7224 CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, "Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors" Group Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRs 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Ambroggi
- Pathophysiology of Addiction, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U862, NeuroCentre Magendie Bordeaux Cedex, France ; Department of Neurology, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Delbes
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot Paris, France
| | - Céline Cansell
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot Paris, France
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- Pathophysiology of Addiction, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U862, NeuroCentre Magendie Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - François Tronche
- UMR 7224 CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, "Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors" Group Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRs 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- UMR 7224 CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, "Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors" Group Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRs 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France
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Veyrac A, Besnard A, Caboche J, Davis S, Laroche S. The transcription factor Zif268/Egr1, brain plasticity, and memory. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 122:89-129. [PMID: 24484699 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to remember our past experiences and organize our future draws on a number of cognitive processes that allow our brain to form and store neural representations that can be recalled and updated at will. In the brain, these processes require mechanisms of neural plasticity in the activated circuits, brought about by cellular and molecular changes within the neurons activated during learning. At the cellular level, a wealth of experimental data accumulated in recent years provides evidence that signaling from synapses to nucleus and the rapid regulation of the expression of immediate early genes encoding inducible, regulatory transcription factors is a key step in the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and the modification of neural networks required for the laying down of memories. In the activated neurons, these transcriptional events are thought to mediate the activation of selective gene programs and subsequent synthesis of proteins, leading to stable functional and structural remodeling of the activated networks, so that the memory can later be reactivated upon recall. Over the past few decades, novel insights have been gained in identifying key transcriptional regulators that can control the genomic response of synaptically activated neurons. Here, as an example of this approach, we focus on one such activity-dependent transcription factor, Zif268, known to be implicated in neuronal plasticity and memory formation. We summarize current knowledge about the regulation and function of Zif268 in different types of brain plasticity and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Veyrac
- CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France; Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France
| | - Antoine Besnard
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- INSERM, UMRS 952, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7224, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Davis
- CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France; Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France
| | - Serge Laroche
- CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France; Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay, France
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van der Veen R, Boshuizen MCS, de Kloet ER. Mifepristone treatment affects the response to repeated amphetamine injections, but does not attenuate the expression of sensitization. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:547-56. [PMID: 23797878 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rationale Glucocorticoid hormones facilitate sensitization to repeated administration of psychostimulants, an effect that is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). It is still unclear, however, at which stage of psychomotor sensitization are stress and GR-mediated effects involved. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that GR-mediated effects during the phase of repeated amphetamine injections play a crucial role in the long-term expression of sensitization. For this purpose, we used DBA/2 mice, an inbred strain commonly used for the study of stress effects on psychostimulant sensitization. METHODS Animals were treated with the GR antagonist mifepristone (200 mg/kg) at 2.5 h before each daily injection of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) or saline in a 5-day protocol. The amphetamine or saline injections were given in the home or a novel context. This was followed by a 2.5-week withdrawal period, without any drug delivery. Following the withdrawal period, two low-dose amphetamine challenges (1.25 mg/kg) were given subsequently, without additional mifepristone. RESULTS The animals receiving amphetamine in the novel context showed a higher expression of sensitization at challenge as compared to those in the home condition. Mifepristone treatment influenced locomotor response to repeated amphetamine injections, but this effect during the initial phase did not affect the expression of sensitization after a withdrawal period. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that GR-related processes during the initial phase of sensitization are involved in, but not crucial for, the development of long-term sensitization.
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Zhang CX, Zhang H, Xu HY, Li MX, Wang S. The lateral habenula is a common target of cocaine and dexamethasone. Neurosci Lett 2013; 555:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Substantial evidence shows that the hypophyseal–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and corticosteroids are involved in the process of addiction to a variety of agents, and the adrenal cortex has a key role. In general, plasma concentrations of cortisol (or corticosterone in rats or mice) increase on drug withdrawal in a manner that suggests correlation with the behavioural and symptomatic sequelae both in man and in experimental animals. Corticosteroid levels fall back to normal values in resumption of drug intake. The possible interactions between brain corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products and the systemic HPA, and additionally with the local CRH–POMC system in the adrenal gland itself, are complex. Nevertheless, the evidence increasingly suggests that all may be interlinked and that CRH in the brain and brain POMC products interact with the blood-borne HPA directly or indirectly. Corticosteroids themselves are known to affect mood profoundly and may themselves be addictive. Additionally, there is a heightened susceptibility for addicted subjects to relapse in conditions that are associated with change in HPA activity, such as in stress, or at different times of the day. Recent studies give compelling evidence that a significant part of the array of addictive symptoms is directly attributable to the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex and the actions of corticosteroids. Additionally, sex differences in addiction may also be attributable to adrenocortical function: in humans, males may be protected through higher secretion of DHEA (and DHEAS), and in rats, females may be more susceptible because of higher corticosterone secretion.
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Neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to stress-related cocaine use. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt B:383-94. [PMID: 23916481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of stressful life events to trigger drug use is particularly problematic for the management of cocaine addiction due to the unpredictable and often uncontrollable nature of stress. For this reason, understanding the neurobiological processes that contribute to stress-related drug use is important for the development of new and more effective treatment strategies aimed at minimizing the role of stress in the addiction cycle. In this review we discuss the neurocircuitry that has been implicated in stress-induced drug use with an emphasis on corticotropin releasing factor actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and an important pathway from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the VTA that is regulated by norepinephrine via actions at beta adrenergic receptors. In addition to the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie stress-induced cocaine seeking, we review findings suggesting that the ability of stressful stimuli to trigger cocaine use emerges and intensifies in an intake-dependent manner with repeated cocaine self-administration. Further, we discuss evidence that the drug-induced neuroadaptations that are necessary for heightened susceptibility to stress-induced drug use are reliant on elevated levels of glucocorticoid hormones at the time of cocaine use. Finally, the potential ability of stress to function as a "stage setter" for drug use - increasing sensitivity to cocaine and drug-associated cues - under conditions where it does not directly trigger cocaine seeking is discussed. As our understanding of the mechanisms through which stress promotes drug use advances, the hope is that so too will the available tools for effectively managing addiction, particularly in cocaine addicts whose drug use is stress-driven. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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The dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant, alone and in combination with morphine, cocaine and amphetamine, on conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization in the rat. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:417-32. [PMID: 22436395 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists emerge as a novel therapeutic class to treat insomnia that, based on anti-addictive effects of selective OXR type 1 antagonists in rats, might be associated with less abuse liability than commonly used γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulators. Here, we studied the effects of the sleep-enabling dual OXR antagonist almorexant on conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization in rats. First, we compared almorexant to the GABA metabolite γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is clinically used as a sleep-inducing drug and which is associated with mild abuse liability. Whereas conditioning with GHB induced significant place preference, conditioning with almorexant did not. Second, we tested the potential of almorexant to interfere with the conditioned rewarding or locomotor sensitizing effects related to psychostimulants or opiates. Almorexant attenuated the expression of CPP to high doses of cocaine (15 mg/kg) and d.l-amphetamine (2 mg/kg), but not to high dose of morphine (10 mg/kg). Conversely, almorexant interfered with the expression of locomotor sensitization to morphine, but not with that to cocaine and d.l-amphetamine. Third, we observed that chronic almorexant (12 d) treatment in morphine, cocaine or amphetamine pre-conditioned and locomotor-sensitized rats had no influence on the maintenance of CPP and locomotor sensitization when tested after almorexant washout. Our findings suggest that almorexant itself does not exert conditioned rewarding effects in the rat and that it may acutely interfere with the expression of CPP or locomotor sensitization in a drug-dependent manner (monoaminergic psychostimulants vs. opiates).
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Barik J, Marti F, Morel C, Fernandez SP, Lanteri C, Godeheu G, Tassin JP, Mombereau C, Faure P, Tronche F. Chronic stress triggers social aversion via glucocorticoid receptor in dopaminoceptive neurons. Science 2013; 339:332-5. [PMID: 23329050 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Repeated traumatic events induce long-lasting behavioral changes that are key to organism adaptation and that affect cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors. Rodents subjected to repeated instances of aggression develop enduring social aversion and increased anxiety. Such repeated aggressions trigger a stress response, resulting in glucocorticoid release and activation of the ascending dopamine (DA) system. We bred mice with selective inactivation of the gene encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) along the DA pathway, and exposed them to repeated aggressions. GR in dopaminoceptive but not DA-releasing neurons specifically promoted social aversion as well as dopaminergic neurochemical and electrophysiological neuroadaptations. Anxiety and fear memories remained unaffected. Acute inhibition of the activity of DA-releasing neurons fully restored social interaction in socially defeated wild-type mice. Our data suggest a GR-dependent neuronal dichotomy for the regulation of emotional and social behaviors, and clearly implicate GR as a link between stress resiliency and dopaminergic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Barik
- Molecular Genetics, Neurophysiology and Behavior Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7224, Paris, France.
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Slezak M, Korostynski M, Gieryk A, Golda S, Dzbek J, Piechota M, Wlazlo E, Bilecki W, Przewlocki R. Astrocytes are a neural target of morphine action via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent signaling. Glia 2013; 61:623-35. [PMID: 23339081 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opioid use leads to the structural reorganization of neuronal networks, involving genetic reprogramming in neurons and glial cells. Our previous in vivo studies have revealed that a significant fraction of the morphine-induced alterations to the striatal transcriptome included glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR)-dependent genes. Additional analyses suggested glial cells to be the locus of these changes. In the current study, we aimed to differentiate the direct transcriptional effects of morphine and a GR agonist on primary striatal neurons and astrocytes. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling revealed that while morphine had no significant effect on gene expression in both cell types, dexamethasone significantly altered the transcriptional profile in astrocytes but not neurons. We obtained a complete dataset of genes undergoing the regulation, which includes genes related to glucose metabolism (Pdk4), circadian activity (Per1) and cell differentiation (Sox2). There was also an overlap between morphine-induced transcripts in striatum and GR-dependent transcripts in cultured astrocytes. We further analyzed the regulation of expression of one gene belonging to both groups, serum and GC regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1). We identified two transcriptional variants of Sgk1 that displayed selective GR-dependent upregulation in cultured astrocytes but not neurons. Moreover, these variants were the only two that were found to be upregulated in vivo by morphine in a GR-dependent fashion. Our data suggest that the morphine-induced, GR-dependent component of transcriptome alterations in the striatum is confined to astrocytes. Identification of this mechanism opens new directions for research on the role of astrocytes in the central effects of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slezak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Sonnenschein N, Golib Dzib JF, Lesne A, Eilebrecht S, Boulkroun S, Zennaro MC, Benecke A, Hütt MT. A network perspective on metabolic inconsistency. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:41. [PMID: 22583819 PMCID: PMC3579709 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating gene expression profiles and metabolic pathways under different experimental conditions is essential for understanding the coherence of these two layers of cellular organization. The network character of metabolic systems can be instrumental in developing concepts of agreement between expression data and pathways. A network-driven interpretation of gene expression data has the potential of suggesting novel classifiers for pathological cellular states and of contributing to a general theoretical understanding of gene regulation. RESULTS Here, we analyze the coherence of gene expression patterns and a reconstruction of human metabolism, using consistency scores obtained from network and constraint-based analysis methods. We find a surprisingly strong correlation between the two measures, demonstrating that a substantial part of inconsistencies between metabolic processes and gene expression can be understood from a network perspective alone. Prompted by this finding, we investigate the topological context of the individual biochemical reactions responsible for the observed inconsistencies. On this basis, we are able to separate the differential contributions that bear physiological information about the system, from the unspecific contributions that unravel gaps in the metabolic reconstruction. We demonstrate the biological potential of our network-driven approach by analyzing transcriptome profiles of aldosterone producing adenomas that have been obtained from a cohort of Primary Aldosteronism patients. We unravel systematics in the data that could not have been resolved by conventional microarray data analysis. In particular, we discover two distinct metabolic states in the adenoma expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS The methodology presented here can help understand metabolic inconsistencies from a network perspective. It thus serves as a mediator between the topology of metabolic systems and their dynamical function. Finally, we demonstrate how physiologically relevant insights into the structure and dynamics of metabolic networks can be obtained using this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Sonnenschein
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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Tian W, Zhao M, Li M, Song T, Zhang M, Quan L, Li S, Sun ZS. Reversal of cocaine-conditioned place preference through methyl supplementation in mice: altering global DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33435. [PMID: 22438930 PMCID: PMC3306398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of global methylation in cells has revealed correlations between overall DNA methylation status and some biological states. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation could be responsible for neuroadaptations induced by addictive drugs. However, there is no investigation to determine global DNA methylation status following repeated exposure to addictive drugs. Using mice conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, we measured global DNA methylation level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with drug rewarding effects. We found that cocaine-, but not morphine- or food-CPP training decreased global DNA methylation in the PFC. Chronic treatment with methionine, a methyl donor, for 25 consecutive days prior to and during CPP training inhibited the establishment of cocaine, but not morphine or food CPP. We also found that both mRNA and protein level of DNMT (DNA methytransferase) 3b in the PFC were downregulated following the establishment of cocaine CPP, and the downregulation could be reversed by repeated administration of methionine. Our study indicates a crucial role of global PFC DNA hypomethylation in the rewarding effects of cocaine. Reversal of global DNA hypomethylation could significantly attenuate the rewarding effects induced by cocaine. Our results suggest that methionine may have become a potential therapeutic target to treat cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Tian
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan'xi, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan'xi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Li Quan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan'xi, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (ZSS)
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (ZSS)
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Abstract
Investigations of long-term changes in brain structure and function that accompany chronic exposure to drugs of abuse suggest that alterations in gene regulation contribute substantially to the addictive phenotype. Here, we review multiple mechanisms by which drugs alter the transcriptional potential of genes. These mechanisms range from the mobilization or repression of the transcriptional machinery - including the transcription factors ΔFOSB, cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) - to epigenetics - including alterations in the accessibility of genes within their native chromatin structure induced by histone tail modifications and DNA methylation, and the regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence implicates these various mechanisms of gene regulation in the lasting changes that drugs of abuse induce in the brain, and offers novel inroads for addiction therapy.
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Matamales M, Girault JA. Signaling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons. Front Neuroanat 2011; 5:37. [PMID: 21779236 PMCID: PMC3133824 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2011.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) receive massive glutamate inputs from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and are a major target of dopamine projections. Interaction between glutamate and dopamine signaling is crucial for the control of movement and reward-driven learning, and its alterations are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. Long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity are thought to depend on transcription of gene products that alter the structure and/or function of neurons. Although multiple signal transduction pathways regulate transcription, little is known about signal transmission between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of striatal neurons and its regulation. Here we review the current knowledge of the signaling cascades that target the nucleus of MSNs, most of which are activated by cAMP and/or Ca(2+). We outline the mechanisms by which signals originating at the plasma membrane and amplified in the cytoplasm are relayed to the nucleus, through the regulation of several protein kinases and phosphatases and transport through the nuclear pore. We also summarize the identified mechanisms of transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling in MSNs that appear to be important for behavioral adaptations, and discuss their relationships with epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Matamales
- UMR-S 839, InsermParis, France
- Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
- Institut du Fer à MoulinParis, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- UMR-S 839, InsermParis, France
- Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
- Institut du Fer à MoulinParis, France
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Maitre M, Roullot-Lacarrière V, Piazza PV, Revest JM. Western blot detection of brain phosphoproteins after performing Laser Microdissection and Pressure Catapulting (LMPC). J Neurosci Methods 2011; 198:204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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