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Vendruscolo LF, Vendruscolo JCM, Whiting KE, Acri JB, Volkow ND, Koob GF. The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06634-5. [PMID: 38869515 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a brain disorder for which there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the mGlu5 receptor is functionally involved in intravenous cocaine self-administration and assessed the effects of sex and cocaine exposure history. METHODS We used a preclinical model of CUD in rats that were allowed long access (LgA; 6 h/day) or short access (ShA; 1 h/day) to intravenous cocaine (750 µg/kg/infusion [0.1 ml]) self-administration. Rats received acute intraperitoneal or oral administration of the mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. RESULTS Both intraperitoneal and oral mavoglurant administration dose-dependently reduced intravenous cocaine self-administration in the first hour and in the entire 6 h session in rats in the LgA group, with no effect on locomotion. In the ShA group, mavoglurant decreased locomotion but had no effects on cocaine self-administration. We did not observe significant sex × treatment interactions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the mGlu5 receptor is involved in escalated cocaine self-administration. These findings support the development of clinical trials of mavoglurant to evaluate its potential therapeutic benefits for CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, BRC Room 08A727, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly E Whiting
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jane B Acri
- Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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2
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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Scala SG, Kang MS, Cox SML, Rosa‐Neto P, Massarweh G, Leyton M. Mesocorticolimbic function in cocaine polydrug users: A multimodal study of drug cue reactivity and cognitive regulation. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13358. [PMID: 38221806 PMCID: PMC10898841 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Addictions are thought to be fostered by the emergence of poorly regulated mesocorticolimbic responses to drug-related cues. The development and persistence of these responses might be promoted by altered glutamate transmission, including changes to type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5s). Unknown, however, is when these changes arise and whether the mGluR5 and mesocorticolimbic alterations are related. To investigate, non-dependent cocaine polydrug users and cocaine-naïve healthy controls underwent a positron emission tomography scan (15 cocaine users and 14 healthy controls) with [11 C]ABP688, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (15/group) while watching videos depicting activities with and without cocaine use. For some drug videos, participants were instructed to use a cognitive strategy to lower craving. Both groups exhibited drug cue-induced mesocorticolimbic activations and these were larger in the cocaine polydrug users than healthy controls during the session's second half. During the cognitive regulation trials, the cocaine users' corticostriatal responses were reduced. [11 C]ABP688 binding was unaltered in cocaine users, relative to healthy controls, but post hoc analyses found reductions in those with 75 or more lifetime cocaine use sessions. Finally, among cocaine users (n = 12), individual differences in prefrontal [11 C]ABP688 binding were associated with midbrain and limbic region activations during the regulation trials. Together, these preliminary findings raise the possibility that (i) recreational polydrug cocaine users show biased brain processes towards cocaine-related cues and (ii) repeated cocaine use can lower cortical mGluR5 levels, diminishing the ability to regulate drug cue responses. These alterations might promote susceptibility to addiction and identify early intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Su Kang
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Sunnybrook Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Pedro Rosa‐Neto
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PsychologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Center for Studies in Behavioral NeurobiologyConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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4
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Kroll SL, Hulka LM, Kexel AK, Vonmoos M, Preller KH, Treyer V, Ametamey SM, Baumgartner MR, Boost C, Pahlisch F, Rohleder C, Leweke FM, Quednow BB. Plasma endocannabinoids in cocaine dependence and their relation to cerebral metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 density. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:325. [PMID: 37857616 PMCID: PMC10587180 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models indicate that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a modulatory role in stress and reward processing, both crucially impaired in addictive disorders. Preclinical findings showed endocannabinoid-modulated synaptic plasticity in reward brain networks linked to the metabotropic-glutamate-5 receptor (mGluR5), contributing to drug-reinforcing effects and drug-seeking behavior. Although animal models postulate a link between ECS and cocaine addiction, human translational studies are lacking. Here, we tested previous preclinical findings by investigating plasma endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), including their interaction with cerebral mGluR5, in chronic cocaine users (CU). We compared basal plasma concentrations between chronic CU (N = 103; 69 recreational CU and 34 dependent CU) and stimulant-naïve healthy controls (N = 92). Follow-up basal eCB/NAE plasma levels after 12 months were used for reliability and stability check (CU: N = 33; controls: N = 43). In an additional analysis using 11C-ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) in a male subsample (CU: N = 18; controls: N = 16), we investigated the relationships between eCBs/NAEs and mGluR5 density in the brain. We found higher 2-AG plasma levels in dependent CU compared to controls and recreational CU. 2-AG levels were stable over time across all groups. In the PET-subsample, a positive association between 2-AG and mGluR5 brain density only in CU was found. Our results corroborate animal findings suggesting an alteration of the ECS in cocaine dependence and an association between peripheral 2-AG levels and cerebral mGluR5 in humans. Therefore, the ECS might be a promising pharmaco-therapeutic target for novel treatments of cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Kroll
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lea M Hulka
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kexel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vonmoos
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Radiopharmaceutical Science, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carola Boost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Pahlisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, Translational Research Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, Translational Research Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Smucny J, Maddock RJ. Spectroscopic meta-analyses reveal novel metabolite profiles across methamphetamine and cocaine substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109900. [PMID: 37148676 PMCID: PMC11187716 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to study metabolite alterations in stimulant (methamphetamine and cocaine) substance use disorders (SUDs) for over 25 years, data-driven consensus regarding the nature and magnitude of these alterations is lacking. METHOD In this meta-analysis, we examined associations between SUD and regional metabolites (N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline, myo-inositol, creatine, glutamate, and glutamate+glutamine (glx)) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), frontal white matter (FWM), occipital cortex, and basal ganglia as measured by 1 H-MRS. We also examined moderating effects of MRS acquisition parameters (echo time (TE), field strength), data quality (coefficient of variation (COV)), and demographic/clinical variables. RESULTS A MEDLINE search revealed 28 articles that met meta-analytic criteria. Significant effects included lower mPFC NAA, higher mPFC myo-inositol, and lower mPFC creatine in SUD relative to people without SUD. mPFC NAA effects were moderated by TE, with larger effects at longer TEs. For choline, although no group effects were observed, effect sizes in the mPFC were related to MRS technical indicators (field strength, COV). No effects of age, sex, primary drug of use (methamphetamine vs. cocaine), duration of use, or duration of abstinence were observed. Evidence for moderating effects of TE and COV may have implications for future MRS studies in SUDs. CONCLUSIONS The observed metabolite profile in methamphetamine and cocaine SUD (lower NAA and creatine with higher myo-inositol) parallels that observed in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting these drugs are associated with neurometabolic differences similar to those characterizing these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
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6
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Royse SK, Lopresti BJ, Mathis CA, Tollefson S, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: II. Novel applications for PET imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:401-443. [PMID: 35716057 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in psychiatry sought to identify derangements of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The need for more specific neurochemical imaging probes was soon evident, and these probes initially targeted the sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. For nearly 30 years, the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders drove the development of an armamentarium of monoaminergic PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies. However, continued investments in monoamine-enhancing drug development realized only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely parallelled drug development priorities, resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. In part two of this review, we survey clinical research studies using the novel targets and radiotracers described in part one across major psychiatric application areas such as substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Important limitations of the studies described are discussed, as well as key methodologic issues, challenges to the field, and the status of clinical trials seeking to exploit these targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Royse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Asch RH, Hillmer AT, Baldassarri SR, Esterlis I. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:265-310. [PMID: 36868631 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of glutamate system in the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has gained considerable attention in the past two decades, including dysregulation of the metabotropic glutamatergic receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5). Thus, mGlu5 may represent a promising therapeutic target for psychiatric conditions, particularly stress-related disorders. Here, we describe mGlu5 findings in mood disorders, anxiety, and trauma disorders, as well as substance use (specifically nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use). We highlight insights gained from positron emission tomography (PET) studies, where possible, and discuss findings from treatment trials, when available, to explore the role of mGlu5 in these psychiatric disorders. Through the research evidence reviewed in this chapter, we make the argument that, not only is dysregulation of mGlu5 evident in numerous psychiatric disorders, potentially functioning as a disease "biomarker," the normalization of glutamate neurotransmission via changes in mGlu5 expression and/or modulation of mGlu5 signaling may be a needed component in treating some psychiatric disorders or symptoms. Finally, we hope to demonstrate the utility of PET as an important tool for investigating mGlu5 in disease mechanisms and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Asch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Yale Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Clinical Neurosciences Division, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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8
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Hadizadeh H, Flores JM, Mayerson T, Worhunsky PD, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Glutamatergic Agents for the Treatment of Cocaine Use Disorder. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-022-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Targa G, Verheij MMM, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR. Responsivity of serotonin transporter knockout rats to short and long access to cocaine: modulation of the glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3727-3739. [PMID: 35174489 PMCID: PMC9310702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It has been well established that glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in the motivation to take drugs of abuse. We have previously demonstrated that rats with ablation of the serotonin transporter (SERT−/− rats) show increased cocaine intake reminiscent of compulsivity. Experimental Approach By comparing SERT−/− to SERT+/+ rats, we investigated whether SERT deletion influences glutamate homeostasis under control conditions as well as after short access (ShA: 1 h per session) or long access (LgA: 6 h per session) to cocaine self‐administration. Rats were killed at 24 h after the last self‐administration session for ex vivo molecular analyses of the main determinants of the glutamate system, including transporters (vesicular and glial), receptors (main post‐synaptic subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors together with the metabotropic subunit mGLUR5), and scaffolding proteins (SAP102, SAP97, and GRIP) in the NAc shell (sNAc) Key Results In cocaine‐naive animals, SERT deletion was associated with changes indicative for a reduction in glutamate signalling. ShA and LgA exposure led to a further dysregulation of the glutamatergic synapse. Conclusion SERT deletion may render the glutamatergic synapses of the NAc shell more responsive to both ShA and LgA intake of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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10
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Groman SM, Thompson SL, Lee D, Taylor JR. Reinforcement learning detuned in addiction: integrative and translational approaches. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:96-105. [PMID: 34920884 PMCID: PMC8770604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal decision-making strategies have been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. Decision-making, however, arises from a collection of computational components that can independently influence behavior. Disruptions in these different components can lead to decision-making deficits that appear similar behaviorally, but differ at the computational, and likely the neurobiological, level. Here, we discuss recent studies that have used computational approaches to investigate the decision-making processes underlying addiction. Studies in animal models have found that value updating following positive, but not negative, outcomes is predictive of drug use, whereas value updating following negative, but not positive, outcomes is disrupted following drug self-administration. We contextualize these findings with studies on the circuit and biological mechanisms of decision-making to develop a framework for revealing the biobehavioral mechanisms of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Correspondence to be directed to: Stephanie Groman, 321 Church Street SE, 4-125 Jackson Hall Minneapolis MN 55455,
| | | | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University,Department of Psychology, Yale University
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11
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Chiu AS, Kang MC, Huerta Sanchez LL, Fabella AM, Holder KN, Barger BD, Elias KN, Shin CB, Jimenez Chavez CL, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2090-2100. [PMID: 34188183 PMCID: PMC8505628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus' "anti-incubation" effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Fabella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kalysta N Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brooke D Barger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kristina N Elias
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christina B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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12
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Chen T, Tan H, Lei H, Li X, Wu Q, Xu X, Ye Y, Zhong N, Du J, Jiang H, Su H, Zhao M. Nature of glutamate alterations in substance dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 315:111329. [PMID: 34271295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have reported the brain glutamatergic dysfunction in substance dependence. However, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of glutamate in substance-dependent patients published contradicting results. In order to investigate the characteristics of brain glutamatergic alterations in substance-dependent patients, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 1H-MRS studies that have investigated the glutamate, glutamine, and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) concentration in substance-dependent patients. Multiple databases were searched until Sep 10, 2020. Twenty-nine studies comprising 982 patients and 787 controls were included. There was significantly decreased glutamate level in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients compared with controls. Higher glutamate levels in medial prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia region were also demonstrated in patients compared with controls. Subgroup analyses based on the substance type and abstinence period (short vs medium-term abstinence period) were performed. The results revealed Glx and glutamate concentrations in all investigated brain regions were not different in patients with any types of substance dependence compared with controls. The abstinence period had no effect on the glutamate levels. In summary, substance dependence is associated with glutamatergic dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Present findings partially support the hypothesis that addiction is associated with abnormal brain glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haoye Tan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiting Lei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yujian Ye
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Engeli EJE, Zoelch N, Hock A, Nordt C, Hulka LM, Kirschner M, Scheidegger M, Esposito F, Baumgartner MR, Henning A, Seifritz E, Quednow BB, Herdener M. Impaired glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens in human cocaine addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5277-5285. [PMID: 32601455 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by overwhelming craving for the substance, which drives its escalating use despite adverse consequences. Animal models suggest a disrupted glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens to underlie addiction-like behavior. After chronic administration of cocaine, rodents show decreased levels of accumbal glutamate, whereas drug-seeking reinstatement is associated with enhanced glutamatergic transmission. However, due to technical obstacles, the role of disturbed glutamate homeostasis for cocaine addiction in humans remains only partially understood, and accordingly, no approved pharmacotherapy exists. Here, we applied a tailored proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol that allows glutamate quantification within the human nucleus accumbens. We found significantly reduced basal glutamate concentrations in the nucleus accumbens in cocaine-addicted (N = 26) compared with healthy individuals (N = 30), and increased glutamate levels during cue-induced craving in cocaine-addicted individuals compared with baseline. These glutamatergic alterations, however, could not be significantly modulated by a short-term challenge of N-acetylcysteine (2400 mg/day on 2 days). Taken together, our findings reveal a disturbed accumbal glutamate homeostasis as a key neurometabolic feature of cocaine addiction also in humans. Therefore, we suggest the glutamatergic system as a promising target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies, and in addition, as a potential biomarker for a personalized medicine approach in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna J E Engeli
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Nordt
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea M Hulka
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Centre for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Angarita GA, Hadizadeh H, Cerdena I, Potenza MN. Can pharmacotherapy improve treatment outcomes in people with co-occurring major depressive and cocaine use disorders? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1669-1683. [PMID: 34042556 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1931684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine use disorder (CUD) are prevalent and frequently co-occur. When co-occurring, the presence of one disorder typically negatively impacts the prognosis for the other. Given the clinical relevance, we sought to examine pharmacotherapies for co-occurring CUD and MDD. While multiple treatment options have been examined in the treatment of each condition individually, studies exploring pharmacological options for their comorbidity are fewer and not conclusive.Areas Covered: For this review, the authors searched the literature in PubMed using clinical query options for therapies and keywords relating to each condition. Then, they described potentially promising pharmacologic therapeutic options based on shared mechanisms between the two conditions and/or results from individual clinical trials conducted to date.Expert opinion: Medications like stimulants, dopamine (D3) receptors partial agonists or antagonists, antagonists of kappa opioid receptors, topiramate, and ketamine could be promising as there is significant overlap relating to reward deficiency models, antireward pathways, and altered glutamatergic systems. However, the available clinical literature on any one of these types of agents is mixed. Additionally, for some agents there is possible concern related to abuse potential (e.g. ketamine and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hasti Hadizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ignacio Cerdena
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
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15
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Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Extinction vs. Abstinence: A Review of the Molecular and Circuit Consequences of Different Post-Cocaine Experiences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116113. [PMID: 34204090 PMCID: PMC8200945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intravenous cocaine self-administration model is widely used to characterize the neurobiology of cocaine seeking. When studies are aimed at understanding relapse to cocaine-seeking, a post-cocaine abstinence period is imposed, followed by “relapse” tests to assess the ability of drug-related stimuli (“primes”) to evoke the resumption of the instrumental response previously made to obtain cocaine. Here, we review the literature on the impact of post-cocaine abstinence procedures on neurobiology, finding that the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex are recruited by extinction training, and are not part of the relapse circuitry when extinction training does not occur. Pairing cocaine infusions with discrete cues recruits the involvement of the NA, which together with the dorsal striatum, is a key part of the relapse circuit regardless of abstinence procedures. Differences in molecular adaptations in the NA core include increased expression of GluN1 and glutamate receptor signaling partners after extinction training. AMPA receptors and glutamate transporters are similarly affected by abstinence and extinction. Glutamate receptor antagonists show efficacy at reducing relapse following extinction and abstinence, with a modest increase in efficacy of compounds that restore glutamate homeostasis after extinction training. Imaging studies in humans reveal cocaine-induced adaptations that are similar to those produced after extinction training. Thus, while instrumental extinction training does not have face validity, its use does not produce adaptations distinct from human cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-2185
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16
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Joo YH, Kim JH, Kim HK, Son YD, Cumming P, Kim JH. Functional Analysis of Brain Imaging Suggests Changes in the Availability of mGluR5 and Altered Connectivity in the Cerebral Cortex of Long-Term Abstaining Males with Alcohol Dependence: A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060506. [PMID: 34070900 PMCID: PMC8228527 DOI: 10.3390/life11060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct in vivo evidence of altered metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) availability in alcohol-related disorders is lacking. We performed [11C]ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in prolonged abstinent subjects with alcohol dependence to examine alterations of mGluR5 availability, and to investigate their functional significance relating to neural systems-level changes. Twelve prolonged abstinent male subjects with alcohol dependence (median abstinence duration: six months) and ten healthy male controls underwent [11C]ABP688 PET imaging and 3-Tesla MRI. For mGluR5 availability, binding potential (BPND) was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellar gray matter as the reference region. The initial region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis yielded no significant group differences in mGluR5 availability. The voxel-based analysis revealed significantly lower [11C]ABP688 BPND in the middle temporal and inferior parietal cortices, and higher BPND in the superior temporal cortex in the alcohol dependence group compared with controls. Functional connectivity analysis of the rs-fMRI data employed seed regions identified from the quantitative [11C]ABP688 PET analysis, which revealed significantly altered functional connectivity from the inferior parietal cortex seed to the occipital pole and dorsal visual cortex in the alcohol dependence group compared with the control group. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the combined analysis of mGluR5 PET imaging and rs-fMRI in subjects with alcohol dependence. These preliminary results suggest the possibility of region-specific alterations of mGluR5 availability in vivo and related functional connectivity perturbations in prolonged abstinent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.-K.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.-K.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.-K.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.-K.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.S.); or (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4416 (Y.-D.S.); +82-32-460-2696 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.-K.K.)
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.S.); or (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4416 (Y.-D.S.); +82-32-460-2696 (J.-H.K.)
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17
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Ersche KD, Lim TV, Murley AG, Rua C, Vaghi MM, White TL, Williams GB, Robbins TW. Reduced Glutamate Turnover in the Putamen Is Linked With Automatic Habits in Human Cocaine Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:970-979. [PMID: 33581835 PMCID: PMC8083107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between goal-directed behavior and habits has been hypothesized to be biased toward the latter in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD), suggesting possible neurochemical changes in the putamen, which may contribute to their compulsive behavior. METHODS We assessed habitual behavior in 48 patients with CUD and 42 healthy control participants using a contingency degradation paradigm and the Creature of Habit Scale. In a subgroup of this sample (CUD: n = 21; control participants: n = 22), we also measured glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the left putamen using ultra-high-field (7T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We hypothesized that increased habitual tendencies in patients with CUD would be associated with abnormal glutamatergic metabolites in the putamen. RESULTS Compared with their non-drug-using peers, patients with CUD exhibited greater habitual tendencies during contingency degradation, which correlated with increased levels of self-reported daily habits. We further identified a significant reduction in glutamate concentration and glutamate turnover (glutamate-to-glutamine ratio) in the putamen in patients with CUD, which was significantly related to the level of self-reported daily habits. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CUD exhibit enhanced habitual behavior, as assessed both by questionnaire and by a laboratory paradigm of contingency degradation. This automatic habitual tendency is related to a reduced glutamate turnover in the putamen, suggesting a dysregulation of habits caused by chronic cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Ersche
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Tsen Vei Lim
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Murley
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rua
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matilde M Vaghi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tara L White
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Guy B Williams
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Cocaine use disorder: A look at metabotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse leads to devastating consequences, including addiction, crime, and death. Despite decades of research, no medication has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches. Animal studies demonstrate that methamphetamine exposure dysregulates forebrain function involving the Group-I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5), which is predominantly localized to postsynaptic sites. Allosteric modulators of mGlu5 offer a unique opportunity to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission selectively, thereby potentially ameliorating methamphetamine-induced disruptions. Negative allosteric modulators of mGlu5 attenuate the effects of methamphetamine, including rewarding/reinforcing properties of the drug across animal models, and have shown promising effects in clinical trials for Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Preclinical studies have also sparked great interest in mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators, which exhibit antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties, and facilitate extinction learning when access to methamphetamine is removed, possibly via the amelioration of methamphetamine-induced cognitive deficits. Clinical research is now needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the mGlu5 receptor-related effects of methamphetamine and the contributions of these effects to addictive behaviors. The growing array of mGlu5 allosteric modulators provides excellent tools for this purpose and may offer the prospect of developing tailored and effective medications for Methamphetamine Use Disorder.
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20
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Smart K, Nagano-Saito A, Milella MS, Sakae DY, Favier M, Vigneault E, Louie L, Hamilton A, Ferguson SSG, Rosa-Neto P, Narayanan S, El Mestikawy S, Leyton M, Benkelfat C. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor binding availability during dextroamphetamine sensitization in mice and humans. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E1-E13. [PMID: 32559027 PMCID: PMC7955855 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate transmission is implicated in drug-induced behavioural sensitization and the associated long-lasting increases in mesolimbic output. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptors might be particularly important, but most details are poorly understood. METHODS We first assessed in mice (n = 51, all male) the effects of repeated dextroamphetamine administration (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on locomotor activity and binding of the mGlu5 ligand [3H]ABP688. In a parallel study, in 19 stimulant-drug-naïve healthy human volunteers (14 female) we administered 3 doses of dextroamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) or placebo, followed by a fourth dose 2 weeks later. We measured [11C]ABP688 binding using positron emission tomography before and after the induction phase. We assessed psychomotor and behavioural sensitization using speech rate, eye blink rate and self-report. We measured the localization of mGlu5 relative to synaptic markers in mouse striatum using immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed amphetamine-induced psychomotor sensitization in mice and humans. We did not see group differences in mGlu5 availability following 3 pre-challenge amphetamine doses, but group differences did develop in mice administered 5 doses. In mice and humans, individual differences in mGlu5 binding after repeated amphetamine administration were negatively correlated with the extent of behavioural sensitization. In drug-naïve mice, mGlu5 was expressed at 67% of excitatory synapses on dendrites of striatal medium spiny neur. LIMITATIONS Correlational results should be interpreted as suggestive because of the limited sample size. We did not assess sex differences. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that changes in mGlu5 availability are not part of the earliest neural adaptations in stimulant-induced behavioural sensitization, but low mGlu5 binding might identify a higher propensity for sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Michele S Milella
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Diana Yae Sakae
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Mathieu Favier
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Erika Vigneault
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Leanne Louie
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Alison Hamilton
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Marco Leyton
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Nagano-Saito, Milella, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Louie, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Smart, Sakae, Favier, Vigneault, Rosa-Neto, El Mestikawy); the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont. (Hamilton, Ferguson); the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Rosa-Neto, Narayanan, Leyton, Benkelfat); and the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Que. (Leyton)
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21
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Hámor PU, Gobin CM, Schwendt M. The role of glutamate mGlu5 and adenosine A2a receptor interactions in regulating working memory performance and persistent cocaine seeking in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109979. [PMID: 32470496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with neurobehavioral deficits that are resistant to current treatments. While craving and high rates of relapse are prominent features of CUD, persistent cognitive impairments are common and linked to poorer treatment outcomes. Here we sought to develop an animal model to study post-cocaine changes in drug seeking and working memory, and to evaluate 'therapeutic' effects of combined glutamate mGlu5 and adenosine A2a receptor blockade. As mGlu5 antagonists reduce drug seeking, and A2a blockade ameliorates working memory impairment, we hypothesized that mGlu5 + A2a antagonist cocktail would reduce both cocaine relapse and post-cocaine working memory deficits. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained and tested in an operant delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task to establish the working memory baseline, followed by 6 days of limited and 12 days of extended access cocaine self-administration. Chronic cocaine reduced working memory performance (abstinence day 30-40) and produced robust time-dependent cocaine seeking at 45-, but not 120-days of abstinence. Systemic administration of A2a antagonist KW-6002 (0.125 and 1 mg/kg) failed to rescue post-cocaine working memory deficit. It also failed to reverse working memory impairment produced by mGlu5 NAM MTEP (1 mg/kg). Finally, KW-6002 prevented the ability of MTEP to reduce cocaine seeking and increased locomotor behavior. Thus, despite mGlu5 and A2a being exclusively co-localized in the striatum and showing behavioral synergism towards reducing cocaine effects in some studies, our findings advocate against the use of mGlu5 + A2a antagonist cocktail as it may further compromise cognitive deficits and augment drug craving in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, USA; Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Christina M Gobin
- Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, USA; Center for Addiction Education and Research, University of Florida, FL, USA.
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22
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Heather L, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor JR. Dysregulation of Decision Making Related to Metabotropic Glutamate 5, but Not Midbrain D 3, Receptor Availability Following Cocaine Self-administration in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:777-787. [PMID: 32826065 PMCID: PMC8935943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive patterns of drug use are thought to be the consequence of drug-induced adaptations in the neural mechanisms that enable behavior to be flexible. Neuroimaging studies have found evidence of robust alterations in glutamate and dopamine receptors within brain regions that are known to be critical for decision-making processes in cocaine-dependent individuals, and these changes have been argued to be the consequence of persistent drug use. The causal relationships among drug-induced alterations, cocaine taking, and maladaptive decision-making processes, however, are difficult to establish in humans. METHODS We assessed decision making in adult male rats using a probabilistic reversal learning task and used positron emission tomography with the [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [18F]FPEB radioligands to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 and metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor availability, respectively, before and after 21 days of cocaine or saline self-administration. Tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors were also conducted. RESULTS We found that self-administration of cocaine, but not of saline, disrupted behavior in the probabilistic reversal learning task measured by selective impairments in negative-outcome updating and also increased cortical mGlu5 receptor availability following 2 weeks of forced abstinence. D2/3 and, importantly, midbrain D3 receptor availability was not altered following 2 weeks of abstinence from cocaine. Notably, the degree of the cocaine-induced increase in cortical mGlu5 receptor availability was related to the degree of disruption in negative-outcome updating. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cocaine-induced changes in mGlu5 signaling may be a mechanism by which disruptions in negative-outcome updating emerge in cocaine-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Liu Heather
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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23
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Liu H, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor J. Midbrain D 3 Receptor Availability Predicts Escalation in Cocaine Self-administration. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:767-776. [PMID: 32312578 PMCID: PMC8954711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from neuroimaging studies suggest that disruptions in flexible decision-making functions in substance-dependent individuals are a consequence of drug-induced neural adaptations. In addicted populations, however, the causal relationship between biobehavioral phenotypes of susceptibility and addiction consequence is difficult to dissociate. Indeed, evidence from animals suggests that poor decision making due to preexisting biological factors can independently enhance the risk for developing addiction-like behaviors. Neuroimaging studies in animals provide a unique translational approach for the identification of the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to addiction. METHODS We used positron emission tomography in rats to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and assessed decision making using a probabilistic reversal learning task. Susceptibility to self-administer cocaine was then quantified for 21 days followed by tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that deficits specifically in reward-guided choice behavior on the probabilistic reversal learning task predicted greater escalation of cocaine self-administration behavior and greater motivation for cocaine and, critically, were associated with higher midbrain D3 receptor availability. Additionally, individual differences in midbrain D3 receptor availability independently predicted the rate of escalation in cocaine-taking behaviors. No differences in mGluR5 availability, responses during tests of extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that our identified D3-mediated decision-making phenotype can be used as a behavioral biomarker for assessment of cocaine use susceptibility in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro, LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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24
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Cox SML, Tippler M, Jaworska N, Smart K, Castellanos-Ryan N, Durand F, Allard D, Benkelfat C, Parent S, Dagher A, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Pihl RO, Côté S, Tremblay RE, Séguin JR, Leyton M. mGlu5 receptor availability in youth at risk for addictions: effects of vulnerability traits and cannabis use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1817-1825. [PMID: 32413893 PMCID: PMC7608187 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been implicated in experience-dependent neuroplasticity and drug-seeking behaviors. Type 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu5) receptors might be particularly important. They are critically involved in synaptic plasticity and their availability has been reported to be lower in people with alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine use disorders. Since these reductions could reflect effects of drug use or pre-existing traits, we used positron emission tomography to measure mGlu5 receptor availability in young adults at elevated risk for addictions. Fifty-nine participants (age 18.5 ± 0.6) were recruited from a longitudinal study that has followed them since birth. Based on externalizing traits that predict future substance use problems, half were at low risk, half were at high risk. Cannabis use histories varied markedly and participants were divided into three subgroups: zero, low, and high use. Compared to low risk volunteers, those at elevated risk had lower [11C]ABP688 binding potential (BPND) values in the striatum, amygdala, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Cannabis use by risk group interactions were observed in the striatum and OFC. In these regions, low [11C]ABP688 BPND values were only seen in the high risk group that used high quantities of cannabis. When these high risk, high cannabis use individuals were compared to all other participants, [11C]ABP688 BPND values were lower in the striatum, OFC, and insula. Together, these results provide evidence that mGlu5 receptor availability is low in youth at elevated risk for addictions, particularly those who frequently use cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Tippler
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, Affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalie Castellanos-Ryan
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Durand
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Allard
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert O Pihl
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) shares central features with substance-related and addictive disorders. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) plays an important role in addiction. Based on similarities between binge eating and substance-related and addictive disorders, we investigated mGlu5 in vivo in 15 female subjects with BN and 15 matched controls. We measured mGlu5 distribution volume ratio (DVR) with positron emission tomography (PET) using [11 C]ABP688. In BN mGlu5 DVR was higher in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), subgenual prefrontal cortex, and straight gyrus (p < 0.05). In BN, higher mGlu5 DVR in various brain regions, including ACC, pallidum, putamen, and caudate, positively correlated with "maturity fears" as assessed using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (p < 0.05). In BN and controls, smokers had globally decreased mGlu5 DVR. We present the first evidence for increased mGlu5 DVR in BN. Our findings suggest that pharmacological agents inhibiting mGlu5 might have a therapeutic potential in BN.
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Beaurain M, Salabert AS, Ribeiro MJ, Arlicot N, Damier P, Le Jeune F, Demonet JF, Payoux P. Innovative Molecular Imaging for Clinical Research, Therapeutic Stratification, and Nosography in Neuroscience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:268. [PMID: 31828073 PMCID: PMC6890558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several radiotracers have been developed for neuroimaging applications, especially in PET. Because of their low steric hindrance, PET radionuclides can be used to label molecules that are small enough to cross the blood brain barrier, without modifying their biological properties. As the use of 11C is limited by its short physical half-life (20 min), there has been an increasing focus on developing tracers labeled with 18F for clinical use. The first such tracers allowed cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism to be measured, and the development of molecular imaging has since enabled to focus more closely on specific targets such as receptors, neurotransmitter transporters, and other proteins. Hence, PET and SPECT biomarkers have become indispensable for innovative clinical research. Currently, the treatment options for a number of pathologies, notably neurodegenerative diseases, remain only supportive and symptomatic. Treatments that slow down or reverse disease progression are therefore the subject of numerous studies, in which molecular imaging is proving to be a powerful tool. PET and SPECT biomarkers already make it possible to diagnose several neurological diseases in vivo and at preclinical stages, yielding topographic, and quantitative data about the target. As a result, they can be used for assessing patients' eligibility for new treatments, or for treatment follow-up. The aim of the present review was to map major innovative radiotracers used in neuroscience, and explain their contribution to clinical research. We categorized them according to their target: dopaminergic, cholinergic or serotoninergic systems, β-amyloid plaques, tau protein, neuroinflammation, glutamate or GABA receptors, or α-synuclein. Most neurological disorders, and indeed mental disorders, involve the dysfunction of one or more of these targets. Combinations of molecular imaging biomarkers can afford us a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease development over time, and contribute to early detection/screening, diagnosis, therapy delivery/monitoring, and treatment follow-up in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaurain
- CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Inserm U1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Inserm U1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Joao Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Damier
- Inserm U913, Neurology Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-François Demonet
- Leenards Memory Centre, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Payoux
- CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Inserm U1214, Toulouse, France
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27
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Bdair H, Tsai IH, Smart K, Benkelfat C, Leyton M, Kostikov A. Radiosynthesis of the diastereomerically pure (E)-[ 11 C]ABP688. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:860-864. [PMID: 31418468 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient protocol for the radiosynthesis of diastereomerically pure (E)-[11 C]ABP688, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor imaging. The protocol reliably provides sterile and pyrogen-free formulation of (E)-[11 C]ABP688 suitable for preclinical and clinical PET imaging with >99% diastereomeric excess (d.e.), >99% overall radiochemical purity (RCP), 14.9 ± 4.3% decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY), and 148.86 ± 79.8 GBq/μmol molar activity in 40 minutes from the end of bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Bdair
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - I-Huang Tsai
- McGill University, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kangas BD, Doyle RJ, Kohut SJ, Bergman J, Kaufman MJ. Effects of chronic cocaine self-administration and N-acetylcysteine on learning, cognitive flexibility, and reinstatement in nonhuman primates. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2143-2153. [PMID: 30877326 PMCID: PMC6626691 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with cognitive deficits that have been linked to poor treatment outcomes. An improved understanding of cocaine's deleterious effects on cognition may help optimize pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence implicates abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission in CUD and drugs that normalize glutamatergic homeostasis (e.g., N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) may attenuate CUD-related relapse behavior. OBJECTIVES The present studies examined the impact of chronic cocaine exposure on touchscreen-based models of learning (repeated acquisition) and cognitive flexibility (discrimination reversal) and, also, the ability of NAC to modulate cocaine self-administration and its capacity to reinstate drug-seeking behavior. METHODS First, stable repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal performance was established. Next, high levels of cocaine-taking behavior (2.13-3.03 mg/kg/session) were maintained for 150 sessions during which repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal performance was probed periodically. Finally, the effects of NAC treatment were examined on cocaine self-administration and, subsequently, extinction and reinstatement. RESULTS Cocaine self-administration significantly impaired performance under both cognitive tasks; however, discrimination reversal was disrupted considerably more than acquisition. Performance eventually approximated baseline levels during chronic exposure. NAC treatment did not perturb ongoing self-administration behavior but was associated with significantly quicker extinction of drug-lever responding. Cocaine-primed reinstatement did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS The disruptive effects of cocaine on learning and cognitive flexibility are profound but performance recovered during chronic exposure. Although the effects of NAC on models of drug-taking and drug-seeking behavior in monkeys are less robust than reported in rodents, they nevertheless suggest a role for glutamatergic modulators in CUD treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Kangas
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Rachel J Doyle
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Stephen J Kohut
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Marc J Kaufman
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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Neuner I, Rajkumar R, Brambilla CR, Ramkiran S, Ruch A, Orth L, Farrher E, Mauler J, Wyss C, Kops ER, Scheins J, Tellmann L, Lang M, Ermert J, Dammers J, Neumaier B, Lerche C, Heekeren K, Kawohl W, Langen KJ, Herzog H, Shah NJ. Simultaneous PET-MR-EEG: Technology, Challenges and Application in Clinical Neuroscience. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2018.2886525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gobin C, Shallcross J, Schwendt M. Neurobiological substrates of persistent working memory deficits and cocaine-seeking in the prelimbic cortex of rats with a history of extended access to cocaine self-administration. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:92-105. [PMID: 30946882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction and cognitive deficits that may contribute to persistent relapse susceptibility. As the relationship between cognitive deficits, cortical abnormalities and drug seeking is poorly understood, development of relevant animal models is of high clinical importance. Here, we used an animal model to characterize working memory and reversal learning in rats with a history of extended access cocaine self-administration and prolonged abstinence. We also investigated immediate and long-term functional changes within the prelimbic cortex (PrL) in relation to cognitive performance and drug-seeking. Adult male rats underwent 6 days of short-access (1 h/day) followed by 12 days of long-access (6 h/day) cocaine self-administration, or received passive saline infusions. Next, rats were tested in delayed match-to-sample (DMS) and (non)match-to-sample (NMS) tasks, and finally in a single context + cue relapse test on day 90 of abstinence. We found that a history of chronic cocaine self-administration impaired working memory, though sparing reversal learning, and that the components of these cognitive measures correlated with later drug-seeking. Further, we found that dysregulated metabolic activity and mGlu5 receptor signaling in the PrL of cocaine rats correlated with past working memory performance and/or drug-seeking, as indicated by the analysis of cytochrome oxidase reactivity, mGlu5 and Homer 1b/c protein expression, as well as Arc mRNA expression in mGlu5-positive cells. These findings advocate for a persistent post-cocaine PrL dysfunction, rooted in ineffective compensatory changes and manifested as impaired working memory performance and hyperreactivity to cocaine cues. Considering the possible interplay between the neural correlates underlying post-cocaine cognitive deficits and drug-seeking, cognitive function should be evaluated and considered when developing neurobiologically-based treatments of cocaine relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gobin
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA
| | - John Shallcross
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA.
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31
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Xu Y, Li Z. Imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor system: Application of positron emission tomography technology in drug development. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1892-1922. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Xu
- Independent Consultant and Contractor, Radiopharmaceutical Development, Validation and Bio-Application; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Zizhong Li
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, SOFIE Biosciences; Somerset New Jersey
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32
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Smart K, Cox SML, Scala SG, Tippler M, Jaworska N, Boivin M, Séguin JR, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Sex differences in [ 11C]ABP688 binding: a positron emission tomography study of mGlu5 receptors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1179-1183. [PMID: 30627817 PMCID: PMC6451701 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess, in a large sample of healthy young adults, sex differences in the binding potential of [11C]ABP688, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer selective for the metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor. Methods High resolution [11C]ABP688 PET scans were acquired in 74 healthy volunteers (25 male, 49 female, mean age 20 ± 3.0). Mean binding potential (BPND = fND * (Bavail / KD)) values were calculated in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and limbic regions using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellar grey matter as the reference region. Results [11C]ABP688 BPND was significantly higher in men compared to women in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01), striatum (p < 0.001), and hippocampus (p < 0.05). Whole-brain BPND was 17% higher in men. BPND was not related to menstrual phase in women. Conclusions Binding availability of mGlu5 receptors as measured by PET [11C]ABP688 is higher in healthy men than women. This likely represents a source of variability in [11C]ABP688 studies and could have relevance for sex differences in cognitive-behavioral functions and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Stephanie G Scala
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Maria Tippler
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, affiliated with the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada. .,CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. .,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1G1, Canada. .,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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33
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CNS metabolism in high-risk drug abuse. Radiologe 2018; 58:34-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Mullins PG. Towards a theory of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS): A meta-analysis and discussion of using MRS to measure changes in neurotransmitters in real time. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:91-103. [PMID: 29356002 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate neurochemistry and physiology in vivo. Recently researchers have started to use MRS to measure neurotransmitter changes related to neural activity, so called functional MRS (fMRS). Particular interest has been placed on measuring glutamate changes associated with neural function, but differences are reported in the size of changes seen. This review discusses fMRS, and includes meta-analyses of the relative size of glutamate changes seen in fMRS, and the impact experimental design and stimulus paradigm may have. On average glutamate was found to increase by 6.97% (±1.739%) in response to neural activation. However, factors of experimental design may have a large impact on the size of these changes. For example an increase of 4.749% (±1.45%) is seen in block studies compared to an increase of 13.429% (±3.59) in studies using event related paradigms. The stimulus being investigated also seems to play a role with prolonged visual stimuli showing a small mean increase in glutamate of 2.318% (±1.227%) while at the other extreme, pain stimuli show a mean stimulation effect of 14.458% (±3.736%). These differences are discussed with regards to possible physiologic interpretations, as well experimental design implications.
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Smart K, Cox SML, Nagano-Saito A, Rosa-Neto P, Leyton M, Benkelfat C. Test-retest variability of [ 11 C]ABP688 estimates of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 availability in humans. Synapse 2018; 72:e22041. [PMID: 29935121 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[11 C]ABP688 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand that binds selectively to metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptors (mGluR5). The use of this tracer has identified receptor binding changes in clinical populations, and has been informative in drug occupancy studies. However, previous studies have found significant increases in [11 C]ABP688 binding in the later scan of same-day comparisons, and estimates of test-retest reliability under consistent scanning conditions are not available. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of [11 C]ABP688 binding in healthy people in scans performed at the same time of day. Two [11 C]ABP688 scans were acquired in eight healthy volunteers (6 women, 2 men) using a high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT). Scans were acquired 3 weeks apart with start times between 10:00am and 1:30pm. Mean mGluR5 binding potential (BPND ) values were calculated across cortical, striatal and limbic brain regions. Participants reported on subjective mood state after each scan and blood samples were drawn for cortisol analysis. No significant change in BPND between scans was observed. Variability in BPND values of 11-21% was observed across regions, with the greatest change in the hippocampus and amygdala. Reliability was low to moderate. BPND was not statistically related to scan start time, subjective anxiety, serum cortisol levels, or menstrual phase in women. Overall, [11 C]ABP688 BPND estimates show moderate variability in healthy people. Reliability is fair in cortical and striatal regions, and lower in limbic regions. Future research using this ligand should account for this in study design and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, 6825 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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36
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Esterlis I, Holmes SE, Sharma P, Krystal JH, DeLorenzo C. Metabotropic Glutamatergic Receptor 5 and Stress Disorders: Knowledge Gained From Receptor Imaging Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:95-105. [PMID: 29100629 PMCID: PMC5858955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamatergic receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) may represent a promising therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Here, we describe mGluR5 findings in stress disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), highlighting insights from positron emission tomography studies. Positron emission tomography studies report either no differences or lower mGluR5 in MDD, potentially reflecting MDD heterogeneity. Unlike the rapidly acting glutamatergic agent ketamine, mGluR5-specific modulation has not yet shown antidepressant efficacy in MDD and bipolar disorder. Although we recently showed that ketamine may work, in part, through significant mGluR5 modulation, the specific role of mGluR5 downregulation in ketamine's antidepressant response is unclear. In contrast to MDD, there has been much less investigation of mGluR5 in bipolar disorder, yet initial studies indicate that mGluR5-specific treatments may aid in both depressed and manic mood states. The direction of modulation needed may be state dependent, however, limiting clinical feasibility. There has been relatively little study of posttraumatic stress disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder to date, although there is evidence for the upregulation of mGluR5 in these disorders. However, while antagonism of mGluR5 may reduce fear conditioning, it may also reduce fear extinction. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the role mGluR5 modulation might play in the treatment of these conditions. Further challenges in modulating this prevalent neurotransmitter system include potential induction of significant side effects. As such, more research is needed to identify level and type (positive/negative allosteric modulation or full antagonism) of mGluR5 modulation required to translate existing knowledge into improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veteran's Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
| | | | - Priya Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University- London, Ontario, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre- Victoria Hospital
| | - John H. Krystal
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry,Yale University, Department of Neuroscience,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry,Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Leurquin-Sterk G, Ceccarini J, Crunelle CL, de Laat B, Verbeek J, Deman S, Neels H, Bormans G, Peuskens H, Van Laere K. Lower Limbic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Availability in Alcohol Dependence. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:682-690. [PMID: 29348321 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest an important role for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence, but direct human evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to investigate cerebral mGlu5 availability in alcohol-dependent subjects versus controls using 18F-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile (18F-FPEB) PET. Methods: Dynamic 90-min 18F-FPEB scans combined with arterial blood sampling were acquired for 16 recently abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects and 32 age-matched controls. Regional mGlu5 availability was quantified by the 18F-FPEB total distribution volume using both a voxel-by-voxel and a volume-of-interest analysis with partial-volume effect correction. Alcohol consumption within the last 3 mo was assessed by questionnaires and by hair ethyl glucuronide analysis. Craving was assessed using the Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire. Results: mGlu5 availability was lower in mainly limbic regions of alcohol-dependent subjects than in controls (P < 0.05, familywise error-corrected), ranging from 14% in the posterior cingulate cortex to 36% in the caudate nucleus. Lower mGlu5 availability was associated with higher hair ethyl glucuronide levels for most regions and was related to a lower level of craving specifically in the middle frontal gyrus, cingulate cortex, and inferolateral temporal lobe. Conclusion: These findings provide human in vivo evidence that limbic mGlu5 has a role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence, possibly involved in a compensatory mechanism helping to reduce craving during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Leurquin-Sterk
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cleo L Crunelle
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart de Laat
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC: Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Deman
- Genomics Core, UZ Leuven, and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Hendrik Peuskens
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, and Kliniek Broeders Alexianen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC: Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Crocker CE, Purdon SE, Hanstock CC, Lakusta B, Seres P, Tibbo PG. Enduring changes in brain metabolites and executive functioning in abstinent cocaine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:435-442. [PMID: 28710968 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data connecting the metabolic and cognitive functioning of abstinent cocaine users. This is a pressing public health concern as approximately 1% of the Canadian population and 0.4% of the global population is estimated to have used cocaine in the past year. METHODS Our clinical study compared the in vivo neurochemical profiles in the prefrontal cortex to cognitive tests associated with the same region in 21 moderate term abstinent cocaine users (average 187days abstinent, range 15-1432days), and 30 healthy controls using 3T 1H MRS. RESULTS The abstinent cocaine users exhibited a 10% decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) relative to healthy control subjects (p<0.01, Cohen's d=1.15). When subdivided by method of administration, a significant decrease in glutamate levels in former crack smokers compared to healthy controls (p<0.05) was observed, this decrease was not present in powder users. Abstinent users were significantly worse than healthy controls on the Trail Making Test B (p<0.05), and performance on this task was inversely related to NAA levels (p<0.05). Abstinent cocaine users showed deficits in the Wisconsin card sorting test with failures to maintain set (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that there are subtle but important changes in the brain that remain even with the moderate term cessation of cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Crocker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Scot E Purdon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bonnie Lakusta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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39
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ZNS-Stoffwechsel bei Missbrauch von Hochrisikodrogen. Radiologe 2017; 57:443-449. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Chiamulera C, Marzo CM, Balfour DJK. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 as a potential target for smoking cessation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1357-1370. [PMID: 27847973 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Most habitual smokers find it difficult to quit smoking because they are dependent upon the nicotine present in tobacco smoke. Tobacco dependence is commonly treated pharmacologically using nicotine replacement therapy or drugs, such as varenicline, that target the nicotinic receptor. Relapse rates, however, remain high, and there remains a need to develop novel non-nicotinic pharmacotherapies for the dependence that are more effective than existing treatments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that drugs that antagonise the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the brain are likely to be efficacious as treatments for tobacco dependence. RESULTS Imaging studies reveal that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke reduces the density of mGluR5s in human brain. Preclinical results demonstrate that negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) at mGluR5 attenuate both nicotine self-administration and the reinstatement of responding evoked by exposure to conditioned cues paired with nicotine delivery. They also attenuate the effects of nicotine on brain dopamine pathways implicated in addiction. CONCLUSIONS Although mGluR5 NAMs attenuate most of the key facets of nicotine dependence, they potentiate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. This may limit their value as smoking cessation aids. The NAMs that have been employed most widely in preclinical studies of nicotine dependence have too many "off-target" effects to be used clinically. However, newer mGluR5 NAMs have been developed for clinical use in other indications. Future studies will determine if these agents can also be used effectively and safely to treat tobacco dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab., Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Claudio Marcello Marzo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab., Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - David J K Balfour
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Mailbox 6, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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Hoffmann HM, Crouzin N, Moreno E, Raivio N, Fuentes S, McCormick PJ, Ortiz J, Vignes M. Long-Lasting Impairment of mGluR5-Activated Intracellular Pathways in the Striatum After Withdrawal of Cocaine Self-Administration. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:72-82. [PMID: 27744406 PMCID: PMC5412585 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine addiction continues to be a major heath concern, and despite public health intervention there is a lack of efficient pharmacological treatment options. A newly identified potential target are the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, with allosteric modulators showing particular promise. METHODS We evaluated the capacity of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors to induce functional responses in ex vivo striatal slices from rats with (1) acute cocaine self-administration, (2) chronic cocaine self-administration, and (3) 60 days cocaine self-administration withdrawal by Western blot and extracellular recordings of synaptic transmission. RESULTS We found that striatal group I metabotropic glutamate receptors are the principal mediator of the mGluR1/5 agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine-induced cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation. Both acute and chronic cocaine self-administration blunted group I metabotropic glutamate receptor effects on cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation in the striatum, which correlated with the capacity to induce long-term depression, an effect that was maintained 60 days after chronic cocaine self-administration withdrawal. In the nucleus accumbens, the principal brain region mediating the rewarding effects of drugs, chronic cocaine self-administration blunted group I metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 and cAMP responsive-element binding protein. Interestingly, the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist/inverse-agonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride, led to a specific increase in cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation after chronic cocaine self-administration, specifically in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged cocaine self-administration, through withdrawal, leads to a blunting of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor responses in the striatum. In addition, specifically in the accumbens, group I metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling to cAMP responsive-element binding protein shifts from an agonist-induced to an antagonist-induced cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Mette Hoffmann
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Nadine Crouzin
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Noora Raivio
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Silvia Fuentes
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Jordi Ortiz
- Present address (H.M.H.): Department of Reproductive Medicine, 349 Leichtag Biomedical Research Building, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0674
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Ducret E, Puaud M, Lacoste J, Belin-Rauscent A, Fouyssac M, Dugast E, Murray JE, Everitt BJ, Houeto JL, Belin D. N-acetylcysteine Facilitates Self-Imposed Abstinence After Escalation of Cocaine Intake. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:226-34. [PMID: 26592462 PMCID: PMC4954758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been suggested to prevent relapse to cocaine seeking. However, the psychological processes underlying its potential therapeutic benefit remain largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the hallmark features of addiction that were influenced by chronic NAC treatment in rats given extended access to cocaine: escalation, motivation, self-imposed abstinence in the face of punishment, or propensity to relapse. For this, Sprague Dawley rats were given access either to 1 hour (short access) or 6 hours (long access [LgA]) self-administration (SA) sessions until LgA rats displayed a robust escalation. Rats then received daily saline or NAC (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treatment and were tested under a progressive ratio and several consecutive sessions in which lever presses were punished by mild electric foot shocks. RESULTS NAC increased the sensitivity to punishment in LgA rats only, thereby promoting abstinence. Following the cessation of punishment, NAC-treated LgA rats failed to recover fully their prepunishment cocaine intake levels and resumed cocaine SA at a lower rate than short access and vehicle-treated LgA rats. However, NAC altered neither the escalation of SA nor the motivation for cocaine. At the neurobiological level, NAC reversed cocaine-induced decreases in the glutamate type 1 transporter observed in both the nucleus accumbens and the dorsolateral striatum. NAC also increased the expression of Zif268 in the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum of LgA rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NAC contributes to the restoration of control over cocaine SA following adverse consequences, an effect associated with plasticity mechanisms in both the ventral and dorsolateral striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ducret
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Avenir Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mickaël Puaud
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Lacoste
- Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Aude Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Fouyssac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Dugast
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Avenir Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Luc Houeto
- Service de Neurologie de l'Hôpital de Poitiers and Center for Clinical Investigation-French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Poitiers, France
| | - David Belin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Moeller SJ, London ED, Northoff G. Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 61:35-52. [PMID: 26657968 PMCID: PMC4731270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by widespread abnormalities in brain function and neurochemistry, including drug-associated effects on concentrations of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. In healthy individuals, these neurotransmitters drive the resting state, a default condition of brain function also disrupted in addiction. Here, our primary goal was to review in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography studies that examined markers of glutamate and GABA abnormalities in human drug addiction. Addicted individuals tended to show decreases in these markers compared with healthy controls, but findings also varied by individual characteristics (e.g., abstinence length). Interestingly, select corticolimbic brain regions showing glutamatergic and/or GABAergic abnormalities have been similarly implicated in resting-state functional connectivity deficits in drug addiction. Thus, our secondary goals were to provide a brief review of this resting-state literature, and an initial rationale for the hypothesis that abnormalities in glutamatergic and/or GABAergic neurotransmission may underlie resting-state functional deficits in drug addiction. In doing so, we suggest future research directions and possible treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Edythe D London
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
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Mihov Y, Hasler G. Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Subtype 5 in Addiction: a Therapeutic Window. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw002. [PMID: 26802568 PMCID: PMC4966271 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant evidence at the anatomical, electrophysiological, and molecular levels implicates metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in addiction. Consistently, the effects of a wide range of doses of different mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have been tested in various animal models of addiction. Here, these studies were subjected to a systematic review to find out if mGluR5 NAMs have a therapeutic potential that can be translated to the clinic. METHODS Literature on consumption/self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking as outcomes of interest published up to April 2015 was retrieved via PubMed. The review focused on the effects of systemic (i.p., i.v., s.c.) administration of the mGluR5 NAMs 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) and 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on paradigms with cocaine, ethanol, nicotine, and food in rats. RESULTS MTEP and MPEP were found to reduce self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, and nicotine at doses ≥1mg/kg and 2.5mg/kg, respectively. Dose-response relationship resembled a sigmoidal curve, with low doses not reaching statistical significance and high doses reliably inhibiting self-administration of drugs of abuse. Importantly, self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, and nicotine, but not food, was reduced by MTEP and MPEP in the dose range of 1 to 2mg/kg and 2.5 to 3.2mg/kg, respectively. This dose range corresponds to approximately 50% to 80% mGluR5 occupancy. Interestingly, the limited data found in mice and monkeys showed a similar therapeutic window. CONCLUSION Altogether, this review suggests a therapeutic window for mGluR5 NAMs that can be translated to the treatment of substance-related and addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Mihov
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Hulka LM, Scheidegger M, Vonmoos M, Preller KH, Baumgartner MR, Herdener M, Seifritz E, Henning A, Quednow BB. Glutamatergic and neurometabolic alterations in chronic cocaine users measured with (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Addict Biol 2016; 21:205-17. [PMID: 25600822 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that is associated with harmful consequences. Relapses occur frequently and effective pharmacotherapies are currently sparse. Preclinical studies suggest that altered glutamatergic signaling is crucial for the maintenance of cocaine self-administration. However, the translational validity of these models is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated potential differences of glutamate, glutamine and further metabolite levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) of chronic cocaine users and controls using the PRior knOwledge FITting 2.0 tool in combination with two-dimensional J-resolved single-voxel (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T and voxel tissue composition and relaxation correction. Glutamate and glutamine levels did not differ between cocaine users and controls, but higher weekly cocaine use and higher cocaine hair concentrations were associated with lower glutamine/creatine ratios in the pgACC. Interestingly, cocaine users exhibited higher glucose/total creatine ratios than controls in the pgACC and higher choline/creatine ratios in the pgACC and rDLPFC. These results imply that cocaine use is associated with altered cortical glucose metabolism and membrane turnover. Finally, cocaine use over the past 6 months appears to decrease cortical glutamine levels indicating changes in glutamate cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Hulka
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vonmoos
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Katrin H. Preller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Herdener
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tübingen Germany
| | - Boris B. Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Switzerland
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Hellem T, Shi X, Latendresse G, Renshaw PF. The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Understanding Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2015; 21:244-75. [PMID: 26282670 PMCID: PMC5495546 DOI: 10.1177/1078390315598606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present a systematic review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of substance use disorders. As a noninvasive and nonionizing imaging technique, MRS is being widely used in substance abuse research to evaluate the effects substances of abuse have on brain chemistry. Nearly 40 peer-reviewed research articles that focused on the utility of MRS in alcohol, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, opiates, opioids, marijuana, and nicotine use disorders were reviewed. Findings indicate inconsistencies with respect to alterations in brain chemistry within each substance of abuse, and the most consistent finding across substances was decreased N-acetylaspartate and choline levels with chronic alcohol, methamphetamine, and nicotine use. Variation in the brain regions studied, imaging technique, as well as small sample sizes might explain the discrepancies in findings within each substance. Future well-designed MRS studies offer promise in examining novel treatment approaches in substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Hellem
- Tracy Hellem, PhD, RN, Diagnostic Neuroimaging and College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Xianfeng Shi, PhD, Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gwen Latendresse
- Gwen Latendresse, PhD, CNM, FACNM, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Perry F. Renshaw, MD, PhD, MBA, Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA and VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Park E, Sullivan JM, Planeta B, Gallezot JD, Lim K, Lin SF, Ropchan J, McCarthy TJ, Ding YS, Morris ED, Williams WA, Huang Y, Carson RE. Test-retest reproducibility of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 ligand [¹⁸F]FPEB with bolus plus constant infusion in humans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1530-41. [PMID: 26044120 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(18)F]FPEB is a promising PET radioligand for the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), a potential target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reproducibility of [(18)F]FPEB in the human brain. METHODS Seven healthy male subjects were scanned twice, 3 - 11 weeks apart. Dynamic data were acquired using bolus plus infusion of 162 ± 32 MBq [(18)F]FPEB. Four methods were used to estimate volume of distribution (V T): equilibrium analysis (EQ) using arterial (EQA) or venous input data (EQV), MA1, and a two-tissue compartment model (2 T). Binding potential (BP ND) was also estimated using cerebellar white matter (CWM) or gray matter (CGM) as the reference region using EQ, 2 T and MA1. Absolute test-retest variability (aTRV) of V T and BP ND were calculated for each method. Venous blood measurements (C V) were compared with arterial input (C A) to examine their usability in EQ analysis. RESULTS Regional V T estimated by the four methods displayed a high degree of agreement (r (2) ranging from 0.83 to 0.99 among the methods), although EQA and EQV overestimated V T by a mean of 9 % and 7 %, respectively, compared to 2 T. Mean values of aTRV of V T were 11 % by EQA, 12 % by EQV, 14 % by MA1 and 14 % by 2 T. Regional BP ND also agreed well among the methods and mean aTRV of BP ND was 8 - 12 % (CWM) and 7 - 9 % (CGM). Venous and arterial blood concentrations of [(18)F]FPEB were well matched during equilibrium (C V = 1.01 · C A, r (2) = 0.95). CONCLUSION [(18)F]FPEB binding shows good TRV with minor differences among analysis methods. Venous blood can be used as an alternative for input function measurement instead of arterial blood in EQ analysis. Thus, [(18)F]FPEB is an excellent PET imaging tracer for mGluR5 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Park
- PET Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA,
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Gravel P, Reader AJ. Direct 4D PET MLEM reconstruction of parametric images using the simplified reference tissue model with the basis function method for [11C]raclopride. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4533-49. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/11/4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hae Kang J, Lee M, Hoon Ryu Y, Hyoung Lyoo C, Hoon Kim C, Chul Lee K, Hyun Choi T, Yong Choi J. [18F]FPEB and [18F]FDEGPECO comparative study of mGlu5 quantification in rodent brain. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 98:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Development of PET and SPECT probes for glutamate receptors. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:716514. [PMID: 25874256 PMCID: PMC4385697 DOI: 10.1155/2015/716514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Glutamate and its receptors (GluRs) play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Impaired regulation of GluRs has also been implicated in various neurological disorders. GluRs are classified into two major groups: ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels, and metabotropic GluRs (mGluRs), which are coupled to heterotrimeric guanosine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of GluRs could provide a novel view of CNS function and of a range of brain disorders, potentially leading to the development of new drug therapies. Although no satisfactory imaging agents have yet been developed for iGluRs, several PET ligands for mGluRs have been successfully employed in clinical studies. This paper reviews current progress towards the development of PET and SPECT probes for GluRs.
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