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Shekho D, Mishra R, Kamal R, Bhatia R, Awasthi A. Breaking Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:207. [PMID: 39237748 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment, brain plaques, and tangles, is a global health concern affecting millions. It involves the build-up of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins, the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic system dysfunction, genetic variations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various signaling pathways and metabolic processes are implicated in AD, along with numerous biomarkers used for diagnosis, risk assessment, and research. Despite these, there is no cure or effective treatment for AD. It is critically important to address this immediately to develop novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) capable of targeting the brain and delivering therapeutic agents to modulate the pathological processes of AD. This review summarizes AD, its pathogenesis, related signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, the need for NDDS, and their application in AD treatment. It also covers preclinical, clinical, and ongoing trials, patents, and marketed AD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devank Shekho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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2
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Kuhn MK, Proctor EA. Microglial Drivers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: An Evolution of Diverse Participating States. Proteins 2024. [PMID: 39219300 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune-competent cells of the brain, become dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their aberrant immune responses contribute to the accumulation of pathological proteins and neuronal injury. Genetic studies implicate microglia in the development of AD, prompting interest in developing immunomodulatory therapies to prevent or ameliorate disease. However, microglia take on diverse functional states in disease, playing both protective and detrimental roles in AD, which largely overlap and may shift over the disease course, complicating the identification of effective therapeutic targets. Extensive evidence gathered using transgenic mouse models supports an active role of microglia in pathology progression, though results vary and can be contradictory between different types of models and the degree of pathology at the time of study. Here, we review microglial immune signaling and responses that contribute to the accumulation and spread of pathological proteins or directly affect neuronal health. We additionally explore the use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models to study living human microglia and how they have contributed to our knowledge of AD and may begin to fill in the gaps left by mouse models. Ultimately, mouse and iPSC-derived models have their own limitations, and a comprehensive understanding of microglial dysfunction in AD will only be established by an integrated view across models and an appreciation for their complementary viewpoints and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn State Neuroscience Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Latimer CS, Quadri Z, Cook DG. Editorial: Meeting new challenges in translationally relevant neurodegenerative disease research. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1453770. [PMID: 39238927 PMCID: PMC11374760 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1453770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Shannon Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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McMillan IO, Liang L, Su G, Song X, Drago K, Yang H, Alvarez C, Sood A, Gibson J, Woods RJ, Wang C, Liu J, Zhang F, Brett TJ, Wang L. TREM2 on microglia cell surface binds to and forms functional binary complexes with heparan sulfate modified with 6-O-sulfation and iduronic acid. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107691. [PMID: 39159814 PMCID: PMC11416269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), a pivotal innate immune receptor, orchestrates functions such as inflammatory responses, phagocytosis, cell survival, and neuroprotection. TREM2 variants R47H and R62H have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous research established that TREM2 binds to heparan sulfate (HS) and variants R47H and R62H exhibit reduced affinity for HS. Building upon this groundwork, our current study delves into the interplay between TREM2 and HS and its impact on microglial function. We confirm TREM2's binding to cell surface HS and demonstrate that TREM2 interacts with HS, forming HS-TREM2 binary complexes on microglia cell surfaces. Employing various biochemical techniques, including surface plasmon resonance, low molecular weight HS microarray screening, and serial HS mutant cell surface binding assays, we demonstrate TREM2's robust affinity for HS, and the effective binding requires a minimum HS size of approximately 10 saccharide units. Notably, TREM2 selectively binds specific HS structures, with 6-O-sulfation and, to a lesser extent, the iduronic acid residue playing crucial roles. N-sulfation and 2-O-sulfation are dispensable for this interaction. Furthermore, we reveal that 6-O-sulfation is essential for HS-TREM2 ternary complex formation on the microglial cell surface, and HS and its 6-O-sulfation are necessary for TREM2-mediated ApoE3 uptake in microglia. By delineating the interaction between HS and TREM2 on the microglial cell surface and demonstrating its role in facilitating TREM2-mediated ApoE uptake by microglia, our findings provide valuable insights that can inform targeted interventions for modulating microglial functions in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Ozsan McMillan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xuehong Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly Drago
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia Alvarez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Amika Sood
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James Gibson
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Tom J Brett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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5
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Pavešković M, De-Paula RB, Ojelade SA, Tantry EK, Kochukov MY, Bao S, Veeraragavan S, Garza AR, Srivastava S, Song SY, Fujita M, Duong DM, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Seyfried NT, Dickinson ME, Heaney JD, Arenkiel BR, Shulman JM. Alzheimer's disease risk gene CD2AP is a dose-sensitive determinant of synaptic structure and plasticity. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae115. [PMID: 39146503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CD2-Associated protein (CD2AP) is a candidate susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, but its role in the mammalian central nervous system remains largely unknown. We show that CD2AP protein is broadly expressed in the adult mouse brain, including within cortical and hippocampal neurons, where it is detected at pre-synaptic terminals. Deletion of Cd2ap altered dendritic branching and spine density, and impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system activity. Moreover, in mice harboring either one or two copies of a germline Cd2ap null allele, we noted increased paired-pulse facilitation at hippocampal Schaffer-collateral synapses, consistent with a haploinsufficient requirement for pre-synaptic release. Whereas conditional Cd2ap knockout in the brain revealed no gross behavioral deficits in either 3.5- or 12-month-old mice, Cd2ap heterozygous mice demonstrated subtle impairments in discrimination learning using a touchscreen task. Based on unbiased proteomics, partial or complete loss of Cd2ap triggered perturbation of proteins with roles in protein folding, lipid metabolism, proteostasis, and synaptic function. Overall, our results reveal conserved, dose-sensitive requirements for CD2AP in the maintenance of neuronal structure and function, including synaptic homeostasis and plasticity, and inform our understanding of possible cell-type specific mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Pavešković
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ruth B De-Paula
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shamsideen A Ojelade
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Evelyne K Tantry
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Kochukov
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Suyang Bao
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Surabi Veeraragavan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Alexandra R Garza
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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6
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Yassaghi Y, Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Nazerian A, Sayehmiri F, Perry G, Gholami Pourbadie H. Microglial modulation as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microglial preconditioning approaches. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18554. [PMID: 39103747 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease that causes an impairment of learning and memory. Despite the highly complex pathogenesis of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation are the main hallmarks of AD. Neuroinflammation also has a crucial role in the development of AD. As the central nervous system's innate immune cells, microglial cells are activated in AD and induce inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. However, microglial activation is not always deleterious. M2-activated microglial cells are considered anti-inflammatory cells, which develop neuroprotection. Various approaches are proposed for managing AD, yet no effective therapy is available for this disorder. Considering the potential protective role of M2 microglia in neurodegenerative disorders and the improvement of these disorders by preconditioning approaches, it can be suggested that preconditioning of microglial cells may be beneficial for managing AD progression. Therefore, this study review microglial preconditioning approaches for preventing and improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Development, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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7
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Contador I, Buch-Vicente B, del Ser T, Llamas-Velasco S, Villarejo-Galende A, Benito-León J, Bermejo-Pareja F. Charting Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Epidemiological Insights, Risk Factors and Prevention Pathways. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4100. [PMID: 39064140 PMCID: PMC11278014 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial condition without cure at present. The latest treatments, based on anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, have only a modest effect in reducing the progression of cognitive decline in AD, whereas the possibility of preventing AD has become a crucial area of research. In fact, recent studies have observed a decrease in dementia incidence in developed regions such as the US and Europe. However, these trends have not been mirrored in non-Western countries (Japan or China), and the contributing factors of this reduction remain unclear. The Lancet Commission has delineated a constrained classification of 12 risk factors across different life stages. Nevertheless, the scientific literature has pointed to over 200 factors-including sociodemographic, medical, psychological, and sociocultural conditions-related to the development of dementia/AD. This narrative review aims to synthesize the risk/protective factors of dementia/AD. Essentially, we found that risk/protective factors vary between individuals and populations, complicating the creation of a unified prevention strategy. Moreover, dementia/AD explanatory mechanisms involve a diverse array of genetic and environmental factors that interact from the early stages of life. In the future, studies across different population-based cohorts are essential to validate risk/protective factors of dementia. This evidence would help develop public health policies to decrease the incidence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17117 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Buch-Vicente
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Hudgins AD, Zhou S, Arey RN, Rosenfeld MG, Murphy CT, Suh Y. A systems biology-based identification and in vivo functional screening of Alzheimer's disease risk genes reveal modulators of memory function. Neuron 2024; 112:2112-2129.e4. [PMID: 38692279 PMCID: PMC11223975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered over 75 genomic loci associated with risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but identification of the underlying causal genes remains challenging. Studies of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from LOAD patients have demonstrated the existence of neuronal cell-intrinsic functional defects. Here, we searched for genetic contributions to neuronal dysfunction in LOAD using an integrative systems approach that incorporated multi-evidence-based gene mapping and network-analysis-based prioritization. A systematic perturbation screening of candidate risk genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) revealed that neuronal knockdown of the LOAD risk gene orthologs vha-10 (ATP6V1G2), cmd-1 (CALM3), amph-1 (BIN1), ephx-1 (NGEF), and pho-5 (ACP2) alters short-/intermediate-term memory function, the cognitive domain affected earliest during LOAD progression. These results highlight the impact of LOAD risk genes on evolutionarily conserved memory function, as mediated through neuronal endosomal dysfunction, and identify new targets for further mechanistic interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel N Arey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Ye J, Wan H, Chen S, Liu GP. Targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to clinical therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1489-1498. [PMID: 38051891 PMCID: PMC10883484 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting older adults. Primary features of Alzheimer's disease include extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, formed by tau protein, in the cells. While there are amyloid-β-targeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, these therapies are costly and exhibit potential negative side effects. Mounting evidence suggests significant involvement of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. As an important microtubule-associated protein, tau plays an important role in maintaining the stability of neuronal microtubules and promoting axonal growth. In fact, clinical studies have shown that abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein occurs before accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Various therapeutic strategies targeting tau protein have begun to emerge, and are considered possible methods to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, abnormalities in post-translational modifications of the tau protein, including aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, acetylation, and truncation, contribute to its microtubule dissociation, misfolding, and subcellular missorting. This causes mitochondrial damage, synaptic impairments, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of tau protein in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and discusses tau-targeted treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huali Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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10
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Rivera AD, Normanton JR, Butt AM, Azim K. The Genomic Intersection of Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in Schizophrenia and Aging Unravels Novel Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4452. [PMID: 38674040 PMCID: PMC11050044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a significant worldwide health concern, affecting over 20 million individuals and contributing to a potential reduction in life expectancy by up to 14.5 years. Despite its profound impact, the precise pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia continue to remain enigmatic, with previous research yielding diverse and occasionally conflicting findings. Nonetheless, one consistently observed phenomenon in brain imaging studies of schizophrenia patients is the disruption of white matter, the bundles of myelinated axons that provide connectivity and rapid signalling between brain regions. Myelin is produced by specialised glial cells known as oligodendrocytes, which have been shown to be disrupted in post-mortem analyses of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by a major population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), which are essential for white matter health and plasticity. Notably, a decline in a specific subpopulation of OPC has been identified as a principal factor in oligodendrocyte disruption and white matter loss in the aging brain, suggesting this may also be a factor in schizophrenia. In this review, we analysed genomic databases to pinpoint intersections between aging and schizophrenia and identify shared mechanisms of white matter disruption and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Rivera
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35127 Padua, Italy;
| | - John R. Normanton
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Arthur M. Butt
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Kasum Azim
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
- Independent Data Lab UG, Frauenmantelanger 31, 80937 Munich, Germany
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11
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Kuhn MK, Kang RY, Kim C, Tagay Y, Morris N, Tabdanov ED, Elcheva IA, Proctor EA. Dynamic neuroinflammatory profiles predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in microglia-containing cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.16.567220. [PMID: 38014053 PMCID: PMC10680718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the underlying dysregulated immune responses of microglia actively contribute to the progression and, likely, the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fine-tuned therapeutic modulation of immune dysfunction to ameliorate disease cannot be achieved without the characterization of diverse microglial states that initiate unique, and sometimes contradictory, immune responses that evolve over time in chronic inflammatory environments. Because of the functional differences between human and murine microglia, untangling distinct, disease-relevant reactive states and their corresponding effects on pathology or neuronal health may not be possible without the use of human cells. In order to profile shifting microglial states in early AD and identify microglia-specific drivers of disease, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a familial AD PSEN2 mutation or its isogenic control into cerebral organoids and quantified the changes in cytokine concentrations over time with Luminex XMAP technology. We used partial least squares (PLS) modeling to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease and age to identify key differential patterns of cytokine expression that inform the overall organoid immune milieu and quantified the corresponding changes in protein pathology. AD organoids exhibited an overall reduction in cytokine secretion after an initial amplified immune response. We demonstrate that reduced synapse density observed in the AD organoids is prevented with microglial depletion. Crucially, these differential effects of dysregulated immune signaling occurred without the accumulation of pathological proteins. In this study, we used microglia-containing AD organoids to quantitatively characterize an evolving immune milieu, made up of a diverse of collection of activation patterns and immune responses, to identify how a dynamic, overall neuroinflammatory state negatively impacts neuronal health and the cell-specific contribution of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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12
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Su C, Zhang J, Zhao H. Estimating cell-type-specific gene co-expression networks from bulk gene expression data with an application to Alzheimer's disease. J Am Stat Assoc 2024; 119:811-824. [PMID: 39280354 PMCID: PMC11394578 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2023.2297467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Inferring and characterizing gene co-expression networks has led to important insights on the molecular mechanisms of complex diseases. Most co-expression analyses to date have been performed on gene expression data collected from bulk tissues with different cell type compositions across samples. As a result, the co-expression estimates only offer an aggregated view of the underlying gene regulations and can be confounded by heterogeneity in cell type compositions, failing to reveal gene coordination that may be distinct across different cell types. In this paper, we introduce a flexible framework for estimating cell-type-specific gene co-expression networks from bulk sample data, without making specific assumptions on the distributions of gene expression profiles in different cell types. We develop a novel sparse least squares estimator, referred to as CSNet, that is efficient to implement and has good theoretical properties. Using CSNet, we analyzed the bulk gene expression data from a cohort study on Alzheimer's disease and identified previously unknown cell-type-specific co-expressions among Alzheimer's disease risk genes, suggesting cell-type-specific disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- Information Systems and Operations Management, Emory University
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University
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13
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Bermejo-Pareja F, del Ser T. Controversial Past, Splendid Present, Unpredictable Future: A Brief Review of Alzheimer Disease History. J Clin Med 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38256670 PMCID: PMC10816332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of Alzheimer disease (AD)-since its histological discovery by Alzheimer to the present day-has undergone substantial modifications. Methods: We conducted a classical narrative review of this field with a bibliography selection (giving preference to Medline best match). Results: The following subjects are reviewed and discussed: Alzheimer's discovery, Kraepelin's creation of a new disease that was a rare condition until the 1970's, the growing interest and investment in AD as a major killer in a society with a large elderly population in the second half of the 20th century, the consolidation of the AD clinicopathological model, and the modern AD nosology based on the dominant amyloid hypothesis among many others. In the 21st century, the development of AD biomarkers has supported a novel biological definition of AD, although the proposed therapies have failed to cure this disease. The incidence of dementia/AD has shown a decrease in affluent countries (possibly due to control of risk factors), and mixed dementia has been established as the most frequent etiology in the oldest old. Conclusions: The current concept of AD lacks unanimity. Many hypotheses attempt to explain its complex physiopathology entwined with aging, and the dominant amyloid cascade has yielded poor therapeutic results. The reduction in the incidence of dementia/AD appears promising but it should be confirmed in the future. A reevaluation of the AD concept is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Research i+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
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14
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Bachstetter AD, Lutshumba J, Winford E, Abner EL, Martin BJ, Harp JP, Van Eldik LJ, Schmitt FA, Wilcock DM, Stowe AM, Jicha GA, Nikolajczyk BS. A blunted T H17 cytokine signature in women with mild cognitive impairment: insights from inflammatory profiling of a community-based cohort of older adults. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad259. [PMID: 37901041 PMCID: PMC10612408 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
People with dementia have an increase in brain inflammation, caused in part by innate and adaptive immune cells. However, it remains unknown whether dementia-associated diseases alter neuro-immune reflex arcs to impact the systemic immune system. We examined peripheral immune cells from a community-based cohort of older adults to test if systemic inflammatory cytokine signatures associated with early stages of cognitive impairment. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with monocyte or T-cell-targeted stimuli, and multiplex assays quantitated cytokines in the conditioned media. Following T-cell-targeted stimulation, cells from women with cognitive impairment produced lower amounts of TH17 cytokines compared with cells from cognitively healthy women, while myeloid-targeted stimuli elicited similar amounts of cytokines from cells of both groups. This TH17 signature correlated with the proportion of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light concentrations. These results suggest that decreases in TH17 cytokines could be an early systemic change in women at risk for developing dementia. Amelioration of TH17s cytokines in early cognitive impairment could, in part, explain the compromised ability of older adults to respond to vaccines or defend against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Edric Winford
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Barbra J Martin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jordan P Harp
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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15
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Gouilly D, Rafiq M, Nogueira L, Salabert AS, Payoux P, Péran P, Pariente J. Beyond the amyloid cascade: An update of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:812-830. [PMID: 36906457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-etiology disease. The biological system of AD is associated with multidomain genetic, molecular, cellular, and network brain dysfunctions, interacting with central and peripheral immunity. These dysfunctions have been primarily conceptualized according to the assumption that amyloid deposition in the brain, whether from a stochastic or a genetic accident, is the upstream pathological change. However, the arborescence of AD pathological changes suggests that a single amyloid pathway might be too restrictive or inconsistent with a cascading effect. In this review, we discuss the recent human studies of late-onset AD pathophysiology in an attempt to establish a general updated view focusing on the early stages. Several factors highlight heterogenous multi-cellular pathological changes in AD, which seem to work in a self-amplifying manner with amyloid and tau pathologies. Neuroinflammation has an increasing importance as a major pathological driver, and perhaps as a convergent biological basis of aging, genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France.
| | - M Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - L Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytology, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - A-S Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - P Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - P Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - J Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
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16
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Belapurkar V, Mahadeva Swamy HS, Singh N, Kedia S, Setty SRG, Jose M, Nair D. Real-time heterogeneity of supramolecular assembly of amyloid precursor protein is modulated by an endocytic risk factor PICALM. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:295. [PMID: 37726569 PMCID: PMC11072284 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the localization of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into reversible nanoscale supramolecular assembly or "nanodomains" has been highlighted as crucial towards understanding the onset of the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Surface expression of APP is regulated by proteins interacting with it, controlling its retention and lateral trafficking on the synaptic membrane. Here, we evaluated the involvement of a key risk factor for AD, PICALM, as a critical regulator of nanoscale dynamics of APP. Although it was enriched in the postsynaptic density, PICALM was also localized to the presynaptic active zone and the endocytic zone. PICALM colocalized with APP and formed nanodomains with distinct morphological properties in different subsynaptic regions. Next, we evaluated if this localization to subsynaptic compartments was regulated by the C-terminal sequences of APP, namely, the "Y682ENPTY687" domain. Towards this, we found that deletion of C-terminal regions of APP with partial or complete deletion of Y682ENPTY687, namely, APP-Δ9 and APP-Δ14, affected the lateral diffusion and nanoscale segregation of APP. Lateral diffusion of APP mutant APP-Δ14 sequence mimicked that of a detrimental Swedish mutant of APP, namely, APP-SWE, while APP-Δ9 diffused similar to wild-type APP. Interestingly, elevated expression of PICALM differentially altered the lateral diffusion of the APP C-terminal deletion mutants. These observations confirm that the C-terminal sequence of APP regulates its lateral diffusion and the formation of reversible nanoscale domains. Thus, when combined with autosomal dominant mutations, it generates distinct molecular patterns leading to onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Belapurkar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H S Mahadeva Swamy
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mini Jose
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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17
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Lopes JR, Zhang X, Mayrink J, Tatematsu BK, Guo L, LeServe DS, Abou-El-Hassan H, Rong F, Dalton MJ, Oliveira MG, Lanser TB, Liu L, Butovsky O, Rezende RM, Weiner HL. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates disease in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309221120. [PMID: 37669383 PMCID: PMC10500187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309221120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neuroinflammation, particularly that orchestrated by microglia, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Danger signals including dead neurons, dystrophic axons, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid plaques alter the functional phenotype of microglia from a homeostatic (M0) to a neurodegenerative or disease-associated phenotype, which in turn drives neuroinflammation and promotes disease. Thus, therapies that target microglia activation constitute a unique approach for treating AD. Here, we report that nasally administered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the 3xTg AD mouse model reduced microglial activation and improved cognition independent of amyloid beta deposition. In addition, gene expression analysis demonstrated decreased oxidative stress, increased axogenesis and synaptic organization, and metabolic changes in the hippocampus and cortex of nasal anti-CD3 treated animals. The beneficial effect of nasal anti-CD3 was associated with the accumulation of T cells in the brain where they were in close contact with microglial cells. Taken together, our findings identify nasal anti-CD3 as a unique form of immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease independent of amyloid beta targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Bruna K. Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Danielle S. LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Felipe Rong
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Maria J. Dalton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Marilia G. Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Toby B. Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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18
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Lutz MW, Chiba-Falek O. Bioinformatics pipeline to guide post-GWAS studies in Alzheimer's: A new catalogue of disease candidate short structural variants. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4094-4109. [PMID: 37253165 PMCID: PMC10524333 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short structural variants (SSVs), including insertions/deletions (indels), are common in the human genome and impact disease risk. The role of SSVs in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) has been understudied. In this study, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline of SSVs within LOAD-genome-wide association study (GWAS) regions to prioritize regulatory SSVs based on the strength of their predicted effect on transcription factor (TF) binding sites. METHODS The pipeline utilized publicly available functional genomics data sources including candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) from ENCODE and single-nucleus (sn)RNA-seq data from LOAD patient samples. RESULTS We catalogued 1581 SSVs in candidate cCREs in LOAD GWAS regions that disrupted 737 TF sites. That included SSVs that disrupted the binding of RUNX3, SPI1, and SMAD3, within the APOE-TOMM40, SPI1, and MS4A6A LOAD regions. CONCLUSIONS The pipeline developed here prioritized non-coding SSVs in cCREs and characterized their putative effects on TF binding. The approach integrates multiomics datasets for validation experiments using disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Lutz
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Lavekar SS, Harkin J, Hernandez M, Gomes C, Patil S, Huang KC, Puntambekar SS, Lamb BT, Meyer JS. Development of a three-dimensional organoid model to explore early retinal phenotypes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13827. [PMID: 37620502 PMCID: PMC10449801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. The retina is an extension of the central nervous system within the eye, sharing many structural similarities with the brain, and previous studies have observed AD-related phenotypes within the retina. Three-dimensional retinal organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can effectively model some of the earliest manifestations of disease states, yet early AD-associated phenotypes have not yet been examined. Thus, the current study focused upon the differentiation of hPSCs into retinal organoids for the analysis of early AD-associated alterations. Results demonstrated the robust differentiation of retinal organoids from both familial AD and unaffected control cell lines, with familial AD retinal organoids exhibiting a significant increase in the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio as well as phosphorylated Tau protein, characteristic of AD pathology. Further, transcriptional analyses demonstrated the differential expression of many genes and cellular pathways, including those associated with synaptic dysfunction. Taken together, the current study demonstrates the ability of retinal organoids to serve as a powerful model for the identification of some of the earliest retinal alterations associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailee S Lavekar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jade Harkin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melody Hernandez
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Cátia Gomes
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shruti Patil
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shweta S Puntambekar
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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20
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He S, Li X, Mittra N, Bhattacharjee A, Wang H, Zhao S, Liu F, Han X. Microglial cGAS deletion protects against amyloid-β induced Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552300. [PMID: 37609338 PMCID: PMC10441288 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune activation plays a vital role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Among which, the DNA sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- STING pathway has been implicated in diverse aspects of AD progression. In the current study, we showed that the cGAS-STING signaling was up-regulated in AD and this elevation was mainly contributed by the microglial population other than non-microglial cell types in the brain. By establishing an inducible, microglia-specific cGAS knockout mouse model in 5xFAD background, we found that deleting microglial cGAS at the onset of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology significantly limited plaque formation, and protected mice from Aβ-induced cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, we found cGAS was necessary for plaque-associated microglial enrichment potentially driven by IRF8, and was indispensable for the development of disease-associated microglia (DAM) phenotype. Meanwhile, the loss of microglial cGAS reduced the levels of dystrophic neurites which led to preserved synaptic integrity and neuronal function. Our study provides new insights in understanding the effects of innate immune in AD via a cell-type specific manner, and lays the foundation for potential targeted intervention of the microglial cGAS-STING pathway toward the improvement of AD.
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21
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Mehramiz M, Porter T, O’Brien EK, Rainey-Smith SR, Laws SM. A Potential Role for Sirtuin-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing the Biological and Environmental Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:823-843. [PMID: 37662612 PMCID: PMC10473168 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is a conserved Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylase enzyme, considered as the master regulator of metabolism in humans. Sirt1 contributes to a wide range of biological pathways via several mechanisms influenced by lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. The importance of a healthy lifestyle is of relevance to highly prevalent modern chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence at multiple levels for a role of Sirt1/SIRT1 in AD pathological mechanisms. As such, this review will explore the relevance of Sirt1 to AD pathological mechanisms, by describing the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 in the development of AD pathological hallmarks, through its impact on the metabolism of amyloid-β and degradation of phosphorylated tau. We then explore the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 across different AD-relevant biological processes, including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiome, before discussing the interplay between Sirt1 and AD-related lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, as well as depression, a common comorbidity. Genome-wide association studies have explored potential associations between SIRT1 and AD, as well as AD risk factors and co-morbidities. We summarize this evidence at the genetic level to highlight links between SIRT1 and AD, particularly associations with AD-related risk factors, such as heart disease. Finally, we review the current literature of potential interactions between SIRT1 genetic variants and lifestyle factors and how this evidence supports the need for further research to determine the relevance of these interactions with respect to AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrane Mehramiz
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor K. O’Brien
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Chen C, Wang J, Pan D, Wang X, Xu Y, Yan J, Wang L, Yang X, Yang M, Liu G. Applications of multi-omics analysis in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e315. [PMID: 37533767 PMCID: PMC10390758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics usually refers to the crossover application of multiple high-throughput screening technologies represented by genomics, transcriptomics, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics, and so on, which play a great role in promoting the study of human diseases. Most of the current reviews focus on describing the development of multi-omics technologies, data integration, and application to a particular disease; however, few of them provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction of multi-omics. This review outlines the existing technical categories of multi-omics, cautions for experimental design, focuses on the integrated analysis methods of multi-omics, especially the approach of machine learning and deep learning in multi-omics data integration and the corresponding tools, and the application of multi-omics in medical researches (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and drug target discovery) as well as the corresponding open-source analysis tools and databases, and finally, discusses the challenges and future directions of multi-omics integration and application in precision medicine. With the development of high-throughput technologies and data integration algorithms, as important directions of multi-omics for future disease research, single-cell multi-omics and spatial multi-omics also provided a detailed introduction. This review will provide important guidance for researchers, especially who are just entering into multi-omics medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeurodegenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyShenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024)Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyShenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024)Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Gong‐Ping Liu
- Co‐innovation Center of NeurodegenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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23
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Kuhn MK, Fleeman RM, Beidler LM, Snyder AM, Chan DC, Proctor EA. Amyloid-β Pathology-Specific Cytokine Secretion Suppresses Neuronal Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:405-421. [PMID: 37811007 PMCID: PMC10550897 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction are early alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain that are thought to contribute to disease onset and progression. Glial activation due to protein deposition results in cytokine secretion and shifts in brain metabolism, which have been observed in AD patients. However, the mechanism by which this immunometabolic feedback loop can injure neurons and cause neurodegeneration remains unclear. Methods We used Luminex XMAP technology to quantify hippocampal cytokine concentrations in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD at milestone timepoints in disease development. We used partial least squares regression to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease progression, as compared to healthy aging in wild-type littermates. We applied the disease-defining cytokine signature to wild-type primary neuron cultures and measured downstream changes in gene expression using the NanoString nCounter system and mitochondrial function using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux live-cell analyzer. Results We identified a pattern of up-regulated IFNγ, IP-10/CXCL10, and IL-9 as predictive of advanced disease. When healthy neurons were exposed to these cytokines in proportions found in diseased brain, gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, including ATP synthase, was suppressed. In live cells, basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration were impaired following cytokine stimulation. Conclusions We identify a pattern of cytokine secretion predictive of progressing amyloid-β pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD that reduces expression of mitochondrial electron transport complexes and impairs mitochondrial respiration in healthy neurons. We establish a mechanistic link between disease-specific immune cues and impaired neuronal metabolism, potentially causing neuronal vulnerability and susceptibility to degeneration in AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00782-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Rebecca M. Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Lynne M. Beidler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Amanda M. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Dennis C. Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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24
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Mullis AS, Kaplan DL. Functional bioengineered tissue models of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122143. [PMID: 37146365 PMCID: PMC10209845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases remain poorly understood and no disease-modifying treatments exist despite decades of investigation. Predominant in vitro (e.g., 2D cell culture, organoids) and in vivo (e.g., mouse) models of these diseases are insufficient mimics of human brain tissue structure and function and of human neurodegenerative pathobiology, and have thus contributed to this collective translational failure. This has been a longstanding challenge in the field, and new strategies are required to address both fundamental and translational needs. Bioengineered tissue culture models constitute a class of promising alternatives, as they can overcome the low cell density, poor nutrient exchange, and long term culturability limitations of existing in vitro models. Further, they can reconstruct the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues of native brain tissue, providing a better mimic of human brain tissues for in vitro pathobiological investigation and drug development. We discuss bioengineering techniques for the generation of these neurodegenerative tissue models, including biomaterials-, organoid-, and microfluidics-based approaches, and design considerations for their construction. To aid the development of the next generation of functional neurodegenerative disease models, we discuss approaches to incorporate greater cellular diversity and simulate aging processes within bioengineered brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Mullis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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25
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Lyu S, Lan Z, Li C. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-apolipoprotein E signaling pathway in diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1291-1299. [PMID: 37130227 PMCID: PMC10309513 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a membrane receptor on myeloid cells and plays an important role in the body's immune defense. Recently, TREM2 has received extensive attention from researchers, and its activity has been found in Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, and traumatic brain injury. The appearance of TREM2 is usually accompanied by changes in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and there has been a lot of research into their structure, as well as the interaction mode and signal pathways involved in them. As two molecules with broad and important roles in the human body, understanding their correlation may provide therapeutic targets for certain diseases. In this article, we reviewed several diseases in which TREM2 and ApoE are synergistically involved in the development. We further discussed the positive or negative effects of the TREM2-ApoE pathway on nervous system immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Lyu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Zhuoqing Lan
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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26
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Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Hong Y, Gao Y, Hu J, Lang M, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Luo H, Zhang X, Sun H, Yan XX, Huang TY, Wang YJ, Xu H, Liu C, Wang X. β 2-Microglobulin coaggregates with Aβ and contributes to amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01352-1. [PMID: 37264159 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies indicate that β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is pivotal for Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression; however, cumulative evidence suggests that Aβ itself is not sufficient to trigger AD-associated degeneration, and whether other additional pathological factors drive AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we characterize pathogenic aggregates composed of β2-microglobulin (β2M) and Aβ that trigger neurodegeneration in AD. β2M, a component of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), is upregulated in the brains of individuals with AD and constitutes the amyloid plaque core. Elevation of β2M aggravates amyloid pathology independent of MHC class I, and coaggregation with β2M is essential for Aβ neurotoxicity. B2m genetic ablation abrogates amyloid spreading and cognitive deficits in AD mice. Antisense oligonucleotide- or monoclonal antibody-mediated β2M depletion mitigates AD-associated neuropathology, and inhibition of β2M-Aβ coaggregation with a β2M-based blocking peptide ameliorates amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. Our findings identify β2M as an essential factor for Aβ neurotoxicity and a potential target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoju Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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Kloske CM, Barnum CJ, Batista AF, Bradshaw EM, Brickman AM, Bu G, Dennison J, Gearon MD, Goate AM, Haass C, Heneka MT, Hu WT, Huggins LKL, Jones NS, Koldamova R, Lemere CA, Liddelow SA, Marcora E, Marsh SE, Nielsen HM, Petersen KK, Petersen M, Piña-Escudero SD, Qiu WQ, Quiroz YT, Reiman E, Sexton C, Tansey MG, Tcw J, Teunissen CE, Tijms BM, van der Kant R, Wallings R, Weninger SC, Wharton W, Wilcock DM, Wishard TJ, Worley SL, Zetterberg H, Carrillo MC. APOE and immunity: Research highlights. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2677-2696. [PMID: 36975090 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the Alzheimer's Association's APOE and Immunity virtual conference, held in October 2021, leading neuroscience experts shared recent research advances on and inspiring insights into the various roles that both the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and facets of immunity play in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. METHODS The meeting brought together more than 1200 registered attendees from 62 different countries, representing the realms of academia and industry. RESULTS During the 4-day meeting, presenters illuminated aspects of the cross-talk between APOE and immunity, with a focus on the roles of microglia, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and components of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]). DISCUSSION This manuscript emphasizes the importance of diversity in current and future research and presents an integrated view of innate immune functions in Alzheimer's disease as well as related promising directions in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre F Batista
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Bradshaw
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary D Gearon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany 3 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Healthy Aging, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lenique K L Huggins
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nahdia S Jones
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- EOH, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology and of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Dept. of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Dept. of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel E Marsh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kellen K Petersen
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Petersen
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Stefanie D Piña-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Research, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- CTRND, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tyler James Wishard
- Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan L Worley
- Independent science writer, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Waigi EW, Webb RC, Moss MA, Uline MJ, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF. Soluble and insoluble protein aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and vascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. GeroScience 2023; 45:1411-1438. [PMID: 36823398 PMCID: PMC10400528 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia refers to a particular group of symptoms characterized by difficulties with memory, language, problem-solving, and other thinking skills that affect a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting about 6.2 million Americans aged 65 years and older. Likewise, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of disability and premature death, impacting 126.9 million adults in the USA, a number that increases with age. Consequently, CVDs and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increased risk of AD and cognitive impairment. They share important age-related cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors, that make them among the leading causes of death. Additionally, there are several premises and hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD. Although AD and CVD may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge, and investigations to understand the mechanistic pathways for the cause-effect and/or shared pathology between these two disease constellations remains an active area of research. AD pathology is propagated by the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. These peptides give rise to small, toxic, and soluble Aβ oligomers (SPOs) that are nonfibrillar, and it is their levels that show a robust correlation with the extent of cognitive impairment. This review will elucidate the interplay between the effects of accumulating SPOs in AD and CVDs, the resulting ER stress response, and their role in vascular dysfunction. We will also address the potential underlying mechanisms, including the possibility that SPOs are among the causes of vascular injury in CVD associated with cognitive decline. By revealing common mechanistic underpinnings of AD and CVD, we hope that novel experimental therapeutics can be designed to reduce the burden of these devastating diseases. Graphical abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology leads to the release of Aβ peptides, and their accumulation in the peripheral organs has varying effects on various components of the cardiovascular system including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and vascular damage. Image created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Waigi
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mark J Uline
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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29
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Sobue A, Komine O, Yamanaka K. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: microglial signature and their relevance to disease. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:26. [PMID: 37165437 PMCID: PMC10170691 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, pathologically characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), resulting in neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, defined as the activation of glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes, is observed surrounding senile plaques and affected neurons in AD. Recently conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate that a large section of identified AD risk genes are involved in immune responses and are enriched in microglia. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which are involved in immune surveillance and maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS. Recently, a novel subpopulation of activated microglia named as disease-associated microglia (DAM), also known as activated response microglia (ARM) or microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD), was identified in AD model mice. These microglia closely associate with β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and exhibit characteristic gene expression profiles accompanied with reduced expressions of homeostatic microglial genes. However, it remains unclear whether decreased homeostatic microglia functions or increased DAM/ARM/MGnD functions correlate with the degree of neuronal loss in AD. To translate the results of rodent studies to human AD, precuneus, the brain region vulnerable to β-amyloid accumulation in preclinical AD, is of high interest, as it can provide novel insights into the mechanisms of microglia response to Aβ in early AD. In this study, we performed comparative analyses of gene expression profiles of microglia among three representative neurodegenerative mouse models and the human precunei with early AD pathology. We proceeded to evaluate the identified genes as potential therapeutic targets for AD. We believe that our findings will provide important resources to better understand the role of glial dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Medical Interactive Research and Academia Industry Collaboration Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Okiru Komine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
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30
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Afsar A, Chacon Castro MDC, Soladogun AS, Zhang L. Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7258. [PMID: 37108421 PMCID: PMC10138573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia and patient death. AD is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition, and neurodegeneration. Diverse alterations have been associated with AD progression, including genetic mutations, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metal ion imbalance.Additionally, recent studies have shown an association between altered heme metabolism and AD. Unfortunately, decades of research and drug development have not produced any effective treatments for AD. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology and identifying potential therapeutic targets are crucial for AD drug development. This review discusses the most common alterations associated with AD and promising therapeutic targets for AD drug discovery. Furthermore, it highlights the role of heme in AD development and summarizes mathematical models of AD, including a stochastic mathematical model of AD and mathematical models of the effect of Aβ on AD. We also summarize the potential treatment strategies that these models can offer in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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31
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Kuhn MK, Fleeman RM, Beidler LM, Snyder AM, Chan DC, Proctor EA. Alzheimer's disease-specific cytokine secretion suppresses neuronal mitochondrial metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536014. [PMID: 37066287 PMCID: PMC10104145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction are early alterations in Alzheimer's disease brain that are thought to contribute to disease onset and progression. Glial activation due to protein deposition results in cytokine secretion and shifts in brain metabolism, which have been observed in Alzheimer's disease patients. However, the mechanism by which this immunometabolic feedback loop can injure neurons and cause neurodegeneration remains unclear. Methods We used Luminex XMAP technology to quantify hippocampal cytokine concentrations in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease at milestone timepoints in disease development. We used partial least squares regression to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease progression, as compared to healthy aging in wild-type littermates. We applied the disease-defining cytokine signature to wild-type primary neuron cultures and measured downstream changes in gene expression using the NanoString nCounter system and mitochondrial function using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux live-cell analyzer. Results We identified a pattern of up-regulated IFNγ, IP-10, and IL-9 as predictive of advanced disease. When healthy neurons were exposed to these cytokines in proportions found in diseased brain, gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, including ATP synthase, was suppressed. In live cells, basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration were impaired following cytokine stimulation. Conclusions An Alzheimer's disease-specific pattern of cytokine secretion reduces expression of mitochondrial electron transport complexes and impairs mitochondrial respiration in healthy neurons. We establish a mechanistic link between disease-specific immune cues and impaired neuronal metabolism, potentially causing neuronal vulnerability and susceptibility to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lynne M. Beidler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dennis C. Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Shahidehpour RK, Nelson AS, Sanders LG, Embry CR, Nelson PT, Bachstetter AD. The localization of molecularly distinct microglia populations to Alzheimer's disease pathologies using QUIVER. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 36934255 PMCID: PMC10024857 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
New histological techniques are needed to examine protein distribution in human tissues, which can reveal cell shape and disease pathology connections. Spatial proteomics has changed the study of tumor microenvironments by identifying spatial relationships of immunomodulatory cells and proteins and contributing to the discovery of new cancer immunotherapy biomarkers. However, the fast-expanding toolkit of spatial proteomic approaches has yet to be systematically applied to investigate pathological alterations in the aging human brain in health and disease states. Moreover, post-mortem human brain tissue presents distinct technical problems due to fixation procedures and autofluorescence, which limit fluorescence methodologies. This study sought to develop a multiplex immunohistochemistry approach (visualizing the immunostain with brightfield microscopy). Quantitative multiplex Immunohistochemistry with Visual colorimetric staining to Enhance Regional protein localization (QUIVER) was developed to address these technical challenges. Using QUIVER, a ten-channel pseudo-fluorescent image was generated using chromogen removal and digital microscopy to identify unique molecular microglia phenotypes. Next, the study asked if the tissue environment, specifically the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, has any bearing on microglia's cellular and molecular phenotypes. QUIVER allowed the visualization of five molecular microglia/macrophage phenotypes using digital pathology tools. The recognizable reactive and homeostatic microglia/macrophage phenotypes demonstrated spatial polarization towards and away from amyloid plaques, respectively. Yet, microglia morphology appearance did not always correspond to molecular phenotype. This research not only sheds light on the biology of microglia but also offers QUIVER, a new tool for examining pathological alterations in the brains of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Shahidehpour
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Abraham S Nelson
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lydia G Sanders
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chloe R Embry
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Somogyi A, Kirkham ED, Lloyd-Evans E, Winston J, Allen ND, Mackrill JJ, Anderson KE, Hawkins PT, Gardiner SE, Waller-Evans H, Sims R, Boland B, O'Neill C. The synthetic TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1 rescues Alzheimer-related alterations of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal system. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259875. [PMID: 36825945 PMCID: PMC10112969 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal (EAL) system are an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are unclear. The transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1(TRPML1, also known as MCOLN1), a vital endosomal-lysosomal Ca2+ channel whose loss of function leads to neurodegeneration, has not been investigated with respect to EAL pathogenesis in late-onset AD (LOAD). Here, we identify pathological hallmarks of TRPML1 dysregulation in LOAD neurons, including increased perinuclear clustering and vacuolation of endolysosomes. We reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cortical neurons expressing APOE ε4, the strongest genetic risk factor for LOAD, have significantly diminished TRPML1-induced endolysosomal Ca2+ release. Furthermore, we found that blocking TRPML1 function in primary neurons by depleting the TRPML1 agonist PI(3,5)P2 via PIKfyve inhibition, recreated multiple features of EAL neuropathology evident in LOAD. This included increased endolysosomal Ca2+ content, enlargement and perinuclear clustering of endolysosomes, autophagic vesicle accumulation and early endosomal enlargement. Strikingly, these AD-like neuronal EAL defects were rescued by TRPML1 reactivation using its synthetic agonist ML-SA1. These findings implicate defects in TRPML1 in LOAD EAL pathogenesis and present TRPML1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Somogyi
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre (CNSC), University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily D Kirkham
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, UK
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, UK
| | - Jincy Winston
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas D Allen
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, UK
| | - John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen E Anderson
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, CB22 3AT Cambridge, UK
| | - Phillip T Hawkins
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, CB22 3AT Cambridge, UK
| | - Sian E Gardiner
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Main Building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, UK
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Main Building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, C14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre (CNSC), University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre (CNSC), University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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34
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I F. The unique neuropathological vulnerability of the human brain to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101916. [PMID: 36990284 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), limbic predominant TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE), and amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) are proteinopathies that, together with hippocampal sclerosis, progressively appear in the elderly affecting from 50% to 99% of individuals aged 80 years, depending on the disease. These disorders usually converge on the same subject and associate with additive cognitive impairment. Abnormal Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies progress following a pattern consistent with an active cell-to-cell transmission and abnormal protein processing in the host cell. However, cell vulnerability and transmission pathways are specific for each disorder, albeit abnormal proteins may co-localize in particular neurons. All these alterations are unique or highly prevalent in humans. They all affect, at first, the archicortex and paleocortex to extend at later stages to the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon. These observations show that the phylogenetically oldest areas of the human cerebral cortex and amygdala are not designed to cope with the lifespan of actual humans. New strategies aimed at reducing the functional overload of the human telencephalon, including optimization of dream repair mechanisms and implementation of artificial circuit devices to surrogate specific brain functions, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrer I
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Emeritus Researcher of the Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Network of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kim H, Kim Y, Lee CY, Kim DG, Cheon M. Investigation of early molecular alterations in tauopathy with generative adversarial networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:732. [PMID: 36639689 PMCID: PMC9839697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in deep learning-based approaches hold great promise for unravelling biological mechanisms, discovering biomarkers, and predicting gene function. Here, we deployed a deep generative model for simulating the molecular progression of tauopathy and dissecting its early features. We applied generative adversarial networks (GANs) for bulk RNA-seq analysis in a mouse model of tauopathy (TPR50-P301S). The union set of differentially expressed genes from four comparisons (two phenotypes with two time points) was used as input training data. We devised four-way transition curves for a virtual simulation of disease progression, clustered and grouped the curves by patterns, and identified eight distinct pattern groups showing different biological features from Gene Ontology enrichment analyses. Genes that were upregulated in early tauopathy were associated with vasculature development, and these changes preceded immune responses. We confirmed significant disease-associated differences in the public human data for the genes of the different pattern groups. Validation with weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested that our GAN-based approach can be used to detect distinct patterns of early molecular changes during disease progression, which may be extremely difficult in in vivo experiments. The generative model is a valid systematic approach for exploring the sequential cascades of mechanisms and targeting early molecular events related to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Yeol Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Mookyung Cheon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Matutino Santos P, Pereira Campos G, Nascimento C. Endo-Lysosomal and Autophagy Pathway and Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Mood Disorders: A Review Article. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:133-151. [PMID: 36684613 PMCID: PMC9849791 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s376380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are disabling conditions that cause significant functional impairment. Due to the clinical heterogeneity and complex nature of these disorders, diagnostic and treatment strategies face challenges. The etiology of mood disorders is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental aspects that are associated with specific biological pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. Alterations in these pathways may reduce the cell's ability to recover from stress conditions occurring during mood episodes. The endo-lysosomal and autophagy pathway (ELAP) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) play critical roles in protein homeostasis, impacting neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment. Thus, emerging evidence has suggested a role for these pathways in mental disorders. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), a deeper understanding in the role of ELAP and UPS has been critical to discover new treatment targets. Since it is suggested that NDDs and mood disorders share clinical symptomatology and risk factors, it has been hypothesized that there might be common underlying molecular pathways. Here, we review the importance of the ELAP and UPS for the central nervous system and for mood disorders. Finally, we discuss potential translational strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder associated with these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petala Matutino Santos
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Pereira Campos
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Nascimento
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen X, Holtzman DM. Emerging roles of innate and adaptive immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Immunity 2022; 55:2236-2254. [PMID: 36351425 PMCID: PMC9772134 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, with characteristic extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, aggregated tau. Several key regulators of innate immune pathways are genetic risk factors for AD. While these genetic risk factors as well as in vivo data point to key roles for microglia, emerging evidence also points to a role of the adaptive immune response in disease pathogenesis. We review the roles of innate and adaptive immunity, their niches, their communication, and their contributions to AD development and progression. We also summarize the cellular compositions and physiological functions of immune cells in the parenchyma, together with those in the brain border structures that form a dynamic disease-related immune niche. We propose that both innate and adaptive immune responses in brain parenchyma and border structures could serve as important therapeutic targets for treating both the pre-symptomatic and the symptomatic stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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38
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Aerqin Q, Wang ZT, Wu KM, He XY, Dong Q, Yu JT. Omics-based biomarkers discovery for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:585. [PMID: 36348101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorders presenting with the pathological hallmarks of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Over the past few years, great efforts have been made to explore reliable biomarkers of AD. High-throughput omics are a technology driven by multiple levels of unbiased data to detect the complex etiology of AD, and it provides us with new opportunities to better understand the pathophysiology of AD and thereby identify potential biomarkers. Through revealing the interaction networks between different molecular levels, the ultimate goal of multi-omics is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD. In this review, based on the current AD pathology and the current status of AD diagnostic biomarkers, we summarize how genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are all conducing to the discovery of reliable AD biomarkers that could be developed and used in clinical AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Min Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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39
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van Zundert B, Montecino M. Epigenetic Changes and Chromatin Reorganization in Brain Function: Lessons from Fear Memory Ensemble and Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012081. [PMID: 36292933 PMCID: PMC9602769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy brain functioning in mammals requires a continuous fine-tuning of gene expression. Accumulating evidence over the last three decades demonstrates that epigenetic mechanisms and dynamic changes in chromatin organization are critical components during the control of gene transcription in neural cells. Recent genome-wide analyses show that the regulation of brain genes requires the contribution of both promoter and long-distance enhancer elements, which must functionally interact with upregulated gene expression in response to physiological cues. Hence, a deep comprehension of the mechanisms mediating these enhancer–promoter interactions (EPIs) is critical if we are to understand the processes associated with learning, memory and recall. Moreover, the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases and neurological alterations are found to be strongly associated with changes in the components that support and/or modulate the dynamics of these EPIs. Here, we overview relevant discoveries in the field supporting the role of the chromatin organization and of specific epigenetic mechanisms during the control of gene transcription in neural cells from healthy mice subjected to the fear conditioning paradigm, a relevant model to study memory ensemble. Additionally, special consideration is dedicated to revising recent results generated by investigators working with animal models and human postmortem brain tissue to address how changes in the epigenome and chromatin architecture contribute to transcriptional dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease, a widely studied neurodegenerative disease. We also discuss recent developments of potential new therapeutic strategies involving epigenetic editing and small chromatin-modifying molecules (or epidrugs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 8330005, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation CRG, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
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40
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Odfalk KF, Bieniek KF, Hopp SC. Microglia: Friend and foe in tauopathy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 216:102306. [PMID: 35714860 PMCID: PMC9378545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded microtubule associated protein tau into abnormal intracellular inclusions defines a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. The consistent spatiotemporal progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the hypothesis that tau aggregates spread in the brain via bioactive tau "seeds" underlying advancing disease course. Recent studies implicate microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, in both negative and positive regulation of tau pathology. Polymorphisms in genes that alter microglial function are associated with the development of AD and other tauopathies. Experimental manipulation of microglia function can alter tau pathology and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory cascades can exacerbate tau pathology. Microglia also exert protective functions by mitigating tau spread: microglia internalize tau seeds and have the capacity to degrade them. However, when microglia fail to degrade these tau seeds there are deleterious consequences, including secretion of exosomes containing tau that can spread to neurons. This review explores the intersection of microglia and tau from the perspective of neuropathology, neuroimaging, genetics, transcriptomics, and molecular biology. As tau-targeted therapies such as anti-tau antibodies advance through clinical trials, it is critical to understand the interaction between tau and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian F Odfalk
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin F Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah C Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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41
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Ye F, Funk Q, Rockers E, Shulman JM, Masdeu JC, Pascual B. In Alzheimer-prone brain regions, metabolism and risk-gene expression are strongly correlated. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac216. [PMID: 36092303 PMCID: PMC9453434 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease provides information crucial to early intervention, particularly in people with a high genetic risk. Metabolic network modularity, recently applied to the study of dementia, is increased in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with controls, but network modularity in cognitively unimpaired elderly with various risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease needs to be determined. Based on their 5-year cognitive progression, we stratified 117 cognitively normal participants (78.3 ± 4.0 years of age, 52 women) into three age-matched groups, each with a different level of risk for Alzheimer’s disease. From their fluorodeoxyglucose PET we constructed metabolic networks, evaluated their modular structures using the Louvain algorithm, and compared them between risk groups. As the risk for Alzheimer’s disease increased, the metabolic connections among brain regions weakened and became more modular, indicating network fragmentation and functional impairment of the brain. We then set out to determine the correlation between regional brain metabolism, particularly in the modules derived from the previous analysis, and the regional expression of Alzheimer-risk genes in the brain, obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In all risk groups of this elderly population, the regional brain expression of most Alzheimer-risk genes showed a strong correlation with brain metabolism, particularly in the module that corresponded to regions of the brain that are affected earliest and most severely in Alzheimer’s disease. Among the genes, APOE and CD33 showed the strongest negative correlation and SORL1 showed the strongest positive correlation with brain metabolism. The Pearson correlation coefficients remained significant when contrasted against a null-hypothesis distribution of correlation coefficients across the whole transcriptome of 20 736 genes (SORL1: P = 0.0130; CD33, P = 0.0136; APOE: P = 0.0093). The strong regional correlation between Alzheimer-related gene expression in the brain and brain metabolism in older adults highlights the role of brain metabolism in the genesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Ye
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005 , USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005 , USA
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological and Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Quentin Funk
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological and Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Elijah Rockers
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological and Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological and Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Belen Pascual
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological and Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
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Ma M, Moulton MJ, Lu S, Bellen HJ. 'Fly-ing' from rare to common neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Trends Genet 2022; 38:972-984. [PMID: 35484057 PMCID: PMC9378361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have enabled researchers and clinicians to probe vast numbers of human variants to distinguish pathogenic from benign variants. Model organisms have been crucial in variant assessment and in delineating the molecular mechanisms of some of the diseases caused by these variants. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played a valuable role in this endeavor, taking advantage of its genetic technologies and established biological knowledge. We highlight the utility of the fly in studying the function of genes associated with rare neurological diseases that have led to a better understanding of common disease mechanisms. We emphasize that shared themes emerge among disease mechanisms, including the importance of lipids, in two prominent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Moulton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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43
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Sex and APOE Genotype Alter the Basal and Induced Inflammatory States of Primary Microglia from APOE Targeted Replacement Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179829. [PMID: 36077227 PMCID: PMC9456163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex and APOE4 genotype are significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the mechanism(s) responsible for this interaction are still a matter of debate. Here, we assess the responses of mixed-sex and sex-specific APOE3 and APOE4 primary microglia (PMG) to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. In our investigation, inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed by qPCR and multiplex ELISA assays. Mixed-sex APOE4 PMG exhibited higher basal mRNA expression and secreted levels of TNFa and IL1b. In sex-specific cultures, basal expression and secreted levels of IL1b, TNFa, IL6, and NOS2 were 2−3 fold higher in APOE4 female PMG compared to APOE4 males, with both higher than APOE3 cells. Following an inflammatory stimulus, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the secreted cytokine level were upregulated in the order E4 female > E4 male > E3 female > E3 male in sex-specific cultures. These data indicate that the APOE4 genotype and female sex together contribute to a greater inflammatory response in PMG isolated from targeted replacement humanized APOE mice. These data are consistent with clinical data and indicate that sex-specific PMG may provide a platform for exploring mechanisms of genotype and sex differences in AD related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol as a key player in amyloid β-mediated toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937056. [PMID: 36090253 PMCID: PMC9453481 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is one of the most devastating and widespread diseases worldwide, mainly affecting the aging population. One of the key factors contributing to AD-related neurotoxicity is the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ). Many studies have shown the ability of Aβ to bind to the cell membrane and disrupt its structure, leading to cell death. Because amyloid damage affects different parts of the brain differently, it seems likely that not only Aβ but also the nature of the membrane interface with which the amyloid interacts, helps determine the final neurotoxic effect. Because cholesterol is the dominant component of the plasma membrane, it plays an important role in Aβ-induced toxicity. Elevated cholesterol levels and their regulation by statins have been shown to be important factors influencing the progression of neurodegeneration. However, data from many studies have shown that cholesterol has both neuroprotective and aggravating effects in relation to the development of AD. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings on the role of cholesterol in Aβ toxicity mediated by membrane binding in the pathogenesis of AD and to consider it in the broader context of the lipid composition of cell membranes.
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45
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Jin F, Xi Y, Xie D, Wang Q. Comprehensive analysis reveals a 5-gene signature and immune cell infiltration in Alzheimer’s disease with qPCR validation. Front Genet 2022; 13:913535. [PMID: 36092935 PMCID: PMC9454400 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 50 million people around the world currently are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) without any effective therapy. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in AD, which leads us to probe the profile of immune cell infiltration in AD. Here, we analyzed a microarray dataset (GSE44770) containing 115 AD and 115 control samples to determine biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics of AD by multiple bioinformatics methods. First, we identified 3,840 DEGs (1892 upregulated and 1948 downregulated) by using the limma package and 2,697 hub genes by constructing a weighted gene correlation network, and they had a total of 2,167 intersecting genes. Second, combining the LASSO logistic regression and SVM-RFE, we obtained five biomarkers (DGKG, MAP3K7IP2, NFKBIE, VIP, and PCCB), which may reveal the key pathogenetic features of AD and serve as diagnostic markers assessed by the ROC curve (AUC = 0.9716) and validation of another AD dataset (GSE33000) (AUC = 0.9388). Third, immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that compared with control samples, plasma cells, CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells, and activated NK cells infiltrated less in AD; Monocytes, M2 macrophages, and neutrophils infiltrated more in AD. Neutrophils and activated NK cells demonstrated the most significant and negative correlation. Then, Spearman correlation analysis between the five biomarkers and immune infiltrating cells revealed that all of them were significantly associated with plasma cells. Finally, mRNA levels of VIP and PCCB were conformed in a murine AD model. In conclusion, DGKG, MAP3K7IP2, NFKBIE, VIP, and PCCB may be used as diagnostic markers of AD, and the disruption of the delicate immune balance may be a key process in the onset and development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmao Jin
- Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
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46
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Ma J, Qiu S. Genetic variant rs11136000 upregulates clusterin expression and reduces Alzheimer's disease risk. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926830. [PMID: 36033622 PMCID: PMC9407972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone involved in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and aggregation. Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported a potential protective effect of CLU on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, how intron-located rs11136000 (CLU) affects AD risk by regulating CLU expression remains unknown. In this study, we integrated multiple omics data to construct the regulated pathway of rs11136000-CLU-AD. In step 1, we investigated the effects of variant rs11136000 on AD risk with different genders and diagnostic methods using GWAS summary statistics for AD from International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank. In step 2, we assessed the regulation of rs11136000 on CLU expression in AD brain samples from Mayo clinic and controls from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). In step 3, we investigated the differential gene/protein expression of CLU in AD and controls from four large cohorts. The results showed that rs11136000 T allele reduced AD risk in either clinically diagnosed or proxy AD patients. By using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, rs11136000 variant downregulated CLU expression in 13 normal brain tissues, but upregulated CLU expression in cerebellum and temporal cortex of AD samples. Importantly, CLU was significantly differentially expressed in temporal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior prefrontal cortex of AD patients compared with normal controls. Together, rs11136000 may reduce AD risk by regulating CLU expression, which may provide important information about the biological mechanism of rs9848497 in AD progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Wan MD, Liu H, Liu XX, Zhang WW, Xiao XW, Zhang SZ, Jiang YL, Zhou H, Liao XX, Zhou YF, Tang BS, Wang JL, Guo JF, Jiao B, Shen L. Associations of multiple visual rating scales based on structural magnetic resonance imaging with disease severity and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:906519. [PMID: 35966797 PMCID: PMC9374170 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.906519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between multiple visual rating scales based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) with disease severity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were ambiguous. In this study, a total of 438 patients with clinically diagnosed AD were recruited. All participants underwent brain sMRI scan, and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), posterior atrophy (PA), global cerebral atrophy-frontal sub-scale (GCA-F), and Fazekas rating scores were visually evaluated. Meanwhile, disease severity was assessed by neuropsychological tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Among them, 95 patients were tested for CSF core biomarkers, including Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40, p-tau, and t-tau. As a result, the GCA-F and Fazekas scales showed positively significant correlations with onset age (r = 0.181, p < 0.001; r = 0.411, p < 0.001, respectively). Patients with late-onset AD (LOAD) showed higher GCA-F and Fazekas scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). With regard to the disease duration, the MTA and GCA-F were positively correlated (r = 0.137, p < 0.05; r = 0.106, p < 0.05, respectively). In terms of disease severity, a positively significant association emerged between disease severity and the MTA, PA GCA-F, and Fazekas scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, after adjusting for age, gender, and APOE alleles, the MTA scale contributed to moderate to severe AD in statistical significance independently by multivariate logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). The model combining visual rating scales, age, gender, and APOE alleles showed the best performance for the prediction of moderate to severe AD significantly (AUC = 0.712, sensitivity = 51.5%, specificity = 84.6%). In addition, we observed that the MTA and Fazekas scores were associated with a lower concentration of Aβ1–42 (p < 0.031, p < 0.022, respectively). In summary, we systematically analyzed the benefits of multiple visual rating scales in predicting the clinical status of AD. The visual rating scales combined with age, gender, and APOE alleles showed best performance in predicting the severity of AD. MRI biomarkers in combination with CSF biomarkers can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-dan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi-xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-wen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-xin Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-fang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Bin Jiao,
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Shen,
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Dar MA, Arafah A, Bhat KA, Khan A, Khan MS, Ali A, Ahmad SM, Rashid SM, Rehman MU. Multiomics technologies: role in disease biomarker discoveries and therapeutics. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:76-96. [PMID: 35809340 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research has been revolutionized after the publication of the full human genome. This was the major landmark that paved the way for understanding the biological functions of different macro and micro molecules. With the advent of different high-throughput technologies, biomedical research was further revolutionized. These technologies constitute genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. Collectively, these high-throughputs are referred to as multi-omics technologies. In the biomedical field, these omics technologies act as efficient and effective tools for disease diagnosis, management, monitoring, treatment and discovery of certain novel disease biomarkers. Genotyping arrays and other transcriptomic studies have helped us to elucidate the gene expression patterns in different biological states, i.e. healthy and diseased states. Further omics technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics have an important role in predicting the role of different biological molecules in an organism. It is because of these high throughput omics technologies that we have been able to fully understand the role of different genes, proteins, metabolites and biological pathways in a diseased condition. To understand a complex biological process, it is important to apply an integrative approach that analyses the multi-omics data in order to highlight the possible interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their functions. Furthermore, these omics technologies offer an important opportunity to understand the information that underlies disease. In the current review, we will discuss the importance of omics technologies as promising tools to understand the role of different biomolecules in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. SUMMARY POINTS
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Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Fang XT, Stoner AJ, Toyonaga T, Holden D, Siegert TR, Laird W, Allnutt MA, Chiasseu M, Brody AH, Takahashi H, Nies SH, Pérez-Cañamás A, Sadasivam P, Lee S, Li S, Zhang L, Huang YH, Carson RE, Cai Z, Strittmatter SM. Reversal of synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models by targeting mGluR5 to prevent synaptic tagging by C1Q. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi8593. [PMID: 35648810 PMCID: PMC9554345 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated synaptic loss contributes to the development of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the basis for this immune-mediated attack on synapses remains to be elucidated. Treatment with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) silent allosteric modulator (SAM), BMS-984923, prevents β-amyloid oligomer-induced aberrant synaptic signaling while preserving physiological glutamate response. Here, we show that oral BMS-984923 effectively occupies brain mGluR5 sites visualized by [18F]FPEB positron emission tomography (PET) at doses shown to be safe in rodents and nonhuman primates. In aged mouse models of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9 overexpressing transgenic and AppNL-G-F/hMapt double knock-in), SAM treatment fully restored synaptic density as measured by [18F]SynVesT-1 PET for SV2A and by histology, and the therapeutic benefit persisted after drug washout. Phospho-TAU accumulation in double knock-in mice was also reduced by SAM treatment. Single-nuclei transcriptomics demonstrated that SAM treatment in both models normalized expression patterns to a far greater extent in neurons than glia. Last, treatment prevented synaptic localization of the complement component C1Q and synaptic engulfment in AD mice. Thus, selective modulation of mGluR5 reversed neuronal gene expression changes to protect synapses from damage by microglial mediators in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Spurrier
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaotian T Fang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Austin J Stoner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - William Laird
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mary Alice Allnutt
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marius Chiasseu
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - A Harrison Brody
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah Helena Nies
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Azucena Pérez-Cañamás
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pragalath Sadasivam
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Supum Lee
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun H Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Chen F, Wang N, He X. Identification of Differential Genes of DNA Methylation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease Based on Integrated Bioinformatics and Its Diagnostic Significance. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:884367. [PMID: 35615586 PMCID: PMC9125150 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.884367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenesis is complex and has not been clearly elucidated, and there is no effective treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD, which sheds light on investigating potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of early AD and related possible therapeutic approaches. Methods Alzheimer's disease patients samples and healthy controls samples were collected from two datasets in the GEO database. Using LIMMA software package in R language to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Afterward, DEGs have been subjected to enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways. The PPI networks and Hub genes were created and visualized based on the STRING database and Cytoscape. ROC curves were further constructed to analyze the accuracy of these genes for AD diagnosis. Results Analysis of the GSE109887 and GSE97760 datasets showed 477 significant DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed terms related to biological processes related to these genes. The top ten Hub genes were found on the basis of the PPI network using the CytoHubba plugin, and the AUC areas of these top ranked genes were all greater than 0.7, showing satisfactory diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion The study identified the top 10 Hub genes associated with AD-related DNA methylation, of which RPSA, RPS23, and RPLP0 have high diagnostic accuracy and excellent AD biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaping He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
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