1
|
Thorvaldsen S, Hansen KT, Forsberg JT. Children and adolescents weathering the storm: Resilience in the presence of bullying victimization, harassment, and pandemic lockdown in northern Norway. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:735-746. [PMID: 38574243 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Resilience is a concept of growing interest because it can systematically inform prevention measures and psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore resilience factors among young people who are victims of bullying and harassment (age 9 to 16 years old). In 2021 the burden of the pandemic lockdown became an additional adversity. The study used a repeated cross-sectional design. Two datasets with a total of 2,211 participants from 2017 (N = 972) and 2021 (N = 1,239) were included. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was applied to define the resilient and non-resilient groups, and the quality-of-life questionnaire (KINDL) was used to map resilience factors. A total of 227 participants reported that they were being bullied, and 604 participants reported harassments from their peers. We used correlation and regression analyses to identify which factors predicted the highest resistance to the negative effects of bullying and harassment. The results were that 77.2% of the participants stayed resilient when facing these maladjustments, but this dropped to 61.7% during the pandemic. The most important resilience factors before the pandemic were the school environment, emotional well-being, and good relations with their friends. The impact of these predictors changed during the pandemic. Emotional well-being increased in strength, school environment was reduced, and friends did not predict resilience anymore. The effect sizes were generally large to medium. As it is common to experience adversity at some stage in life, it is vital for families, schools, social and healthcare workers to be aware of the factors associated with resilience. The results of this study may contribute towards an evidence base for developing plans to increase the capacity of resilience among young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl T Hansen
- Pedagogical and Psychological Service Troms (PPT), Tromsø, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Unterholzner J, Kautzky A, Reed MB, Wechsler TF, Popper V, Spurny-Dworak B, Stöhrmann P, Klöbl M, Varghese N, Mühlberger A, Eckert A, Frey R, Rujescu D, Lanzenberger R, Vanicek T. Effects of lockdowns on neurobiological and psychometric parameters in unipolar depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38242882 PMCID: PMC10798945 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Defying the COVID-19 pandemic required restriction measures of unprecedented scale, that may induce and exacerbate psychiatric symptoms across the population. We aimed to assess in vivo dynamic effects of mitigation strategies on human brain neurobiology, neuroplastic as well as psychometric parameters. Three structural magnetic resonance imaging measurements, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sBDNF) analyses, and psychometric assessments (Beck Depression Inventory-II and Perceived Stress Questionnaire-20) were performed in healthy individuals and patients with a recurrent major depressive disorder in the period from September 2020 to July 2021. Group differences and changes over time in structural imaging, neuroplastic and psychometric parameters were assessed with linear mixed models. Analysis of data from 18 patients with a recurrent major depressive disorder and 28 healthy individuals showed clinically relevant scores for depression and stress in the patient group as well as significant cross-sectional differences in depression scores (F = 30.89, p < 0.001) and three subscales of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Worries: F = 19.19, p < 0.001, Tension: F = 34.44, p < 0.001, Joy: F = 12.05, p = 0.001). Linear mixed models revealed no significant changes over time in cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala (F = 0.29, p > 0.1) and no interaction with group (F = 0.28, p > 0.1). Further, analysis revealed no main effect of time and no interaction of time x group in depressive symptoms, perceived stress subscales, and sBDNF (all p > 0.1). Despite the limited sample size, the strength of this investigation lies in the multimodal assessment of peri-pandemic lockdown effects. Nine months of varying restrictions measures did not result in observable changes in brain morphology nor impact depressive symptoms in either psychiatric patients with a recurrent major depressive disorder or healthy individuals. While these neurobiological and psychometric data stand in contrast to initial expectations about the effects of restriction measures, they might inform future investigations of longitudinal effects of restriction measures on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Murray Bruce Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Friederike Wechsler
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Popper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Spurny-Dworak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Stöhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nimmy Varghese
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seah C, Signer R, Deans M, Bader H, Rusielewicz T, Hicks EM, Young H, Cote A, Townsley K, Xu C, Hunter CJ, McCarthy B, Goldberg J, Dobariya S, Holtzherimer PE, Young KA, Noggle SA, Krystal JH, Paull D, Girgenti MJ, Yehuda R, Brennand KJ, Huckins LM. Common genetic variation impacts stress response in the brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573459. [PMID: 38234801 PMCID: PMC10793429 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To explain why individuals exposed to identical stressors experience divergent clinical outcomes, we determine how molecular encoding of stress modifies genetic risk for brain disorders. Analysis of post-mortem brain (n=304) revealed 8557 stress-interactive expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) that dysregulate expression of 915 eGenes in response to stress, and lie in stress-related transcription factor binding sites. Response to stress is robust across experimental paradigms: up to 50% of stress-interactive eGenes validate in glucocorticoid treated hiPSC-derived neurons (n=39 donors). Stress-interactive eGenes show brain region- and cell type-specificity, and, in post-mortem brain, implicate glial and endothelial mechanisms. Stress dysregulates long-term expression of disorder risk genes in a genotype-dependent manner; stress-interactive transcriptomic imputation uncovered 139 novel genes conferring brain disorder risk only in the context of traumatic stress. Molecular stress-encoding explains individualized responses to traumatic stress; incorporating trauma into genomic studies of brain disorders is likely to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and drug discovery.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorman-Sandler E, Wood G, Cloude N, Frambes N, Brennen H, Robertson B, Hollis F. Mitochondrial might: powering the peripartum for risk and resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1286811. [PMID: 38187925 PMCID: PMC10767224 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1286811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripartum period, characterized by dynamic hormonal shifts and physiological adaptations, has been recognized as a potentially vulnerable period for the development of mood disorders such as postpartum depression (PPD). Stress is a well-established risk factor for developing PPD and is known to modulate mitochondrial function. While primarily known for their role in energy production, mitochondria also influence processes such as stress regulation, steroid hormone synthesis, glucocorticoid response, GABA metabolism, and immune modulation - all of which are crucial for healthy pregnancy and relevant to PPD pathology. While mitochondrial function has been implicated in other psychiatric illnesses, its role in peripartum stress and mental health remains largely unexplored, especially in relation to the brain. In this review, we first provide an overview of mitochondrial involvement in processes implicated in peripartum mood disorders, underscoring their potential role in mediating pathology. We then discuss clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondria in the context of peripartum stress and mental health, emphasizing the need for better understanding of this relationship. Finally, we propose mitochondria as biological mediators of resilience to peripartum mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gorman-Sandler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gabrielle Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nazharee Cloude
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Noelle Frambes
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Brennen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Breanna Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
- USC Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Penner-Goeke S, Bothe M, Rek N, Kreitmaier P, Pöhlchen D, Kühnel A, Glaser LV, Kaya E, Krontira AC, Röh S, Czamara D, Ködel M, Monteserin-Garcia J, Diener L, Wölfel B, Sauer S, Rummel C, Riesenberg S, Arloth-Knauer J, Ziller M, Labeur M, Meijsing S, Binder EB. High-throughput screening of glucocorticoid-induced enhancer activity reveals mechanisms of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305773120. [PMID: 38011552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Mechanistic insight into the genetic factors moderating the impact of stress can increase our understanding of disease processes. Here, we test 3,662 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from preselected expression quantitative trait loci in massively parallel reporter assays to identify genetic variants that modulate the activity of regulatory elements sensitive to glucocorticoids, important mediators of the stress response. Of the tested SNP sequences, 547 were located in glucocorticoid-responsive regulatory elements of which 233 showed allele-dependent activity. Transcripts regulated by these functional variants were enriched for those differentially expressed in psychiatric disorders in the postmortem brain. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis in 4,439 phenotypes revealed potentially causal associations specifically in neurobehavioral traits, including major depression and other psychiatric disorders. Finally, a functional gene score derived from these variants was significantly associated with differences in the physiological stress response, suggesting that these variants may alter disease risk by moderating the individual set point of the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Penner-Goeke
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Melissa Bothe
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Nils Rek
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Peter Kreitmaier
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Laura V Glaser
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ezgi Kaya
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Anthi C Krontira
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Simone Röh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Jose Monteserin-Garcia
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Laura Diener
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Stephan Riesenberg
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Janine Arloth-Knauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Michael Ziller
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Marta Labeur
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Meijsing
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yusupov N, van Doeselaar L, Röh S, Wiechmann T, Ködel M, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Schmidt MV, Binder EB. Extensive evaluation of DNA methylation of functional elements in the murine Fkbp5 locus using high-accuracy DNA methylation measurement via targeted bisulfite sequencing. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2662-2676. [PMID: 37414581 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
FKBP5 is an important stress-regulatory gene implicated in stress-related psychiatric diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FKBP5 gene were shown to interact with early life stress to alter the glucocorticoid-related stress response and moderate disease risk. Demethylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine-dinucleotides (CpGs) in regulatory glucocorticoid-responsive elements was suggested to be the mediating epigenetic mechanism for long-term stress effects, but studies on Fkbp5 DNA methylation (DNAm) in rodents are so far limited. We evaluated the applicability of high-accuracy DNA methylation measurement via targeted bisulfite sequencing (HAM-TBS), a next-generation sequencing-based technology, to allow a more in-depth characterisation of the DNA methylation of the murine Fkbp5 locus in three different tissues (blood, frontal cortex and hippocampus). In this study, we not only increased the number of evaluated sites in previously described regulatory regions (in introns 1 and 5), but also extended the evaluation to novel, possibly relevant regulatory regions of the gene (in intron 8, the transcriptional start site, the proximal enhancer and CTCF-binding sites within the 5'UTR). We here describe the assessment of HAM-TBS assays for a panel of 157 CpGs with possible functional relevance in the murine Fkbp5 gene. DNAm profiles were tissue-specific, with lesser differences between the two brain regions than between the brain and blood. Moreover, we identified DNAm changes in the Fkbp5 locus after early life stress exposure in the frontal cortex and blood. Our findings indicate that HAM-TBS is a valuable tool for broader exploration of the DNAm of the murine Fkbp5 locus and its involvement in the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natan Yusupov
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lotte van Doeselaar
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Röh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wiechmann
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murani E, Hadlich F. Exploration of genotype-by-environment interactions affecting gene expression responses in porcine immune cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1157267. [PMID: 37007953 PMCID: PMC10061014 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1157267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the keys to healthy performance, robustness of farm animals is gaining importance, and with this comes increasing interest in genetic dissection of genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E). Changes in gene expression are among the most sensitive responses conveying adaptation to environmental stimuli. Environmentally responsive regulatory variation thus likely plays a central role in G×E. In the present study, we set out to detect action of environmentally responsive cis-regulatory variation by the analysis of condition-dependent allele specific expression (cd-ASE) in porcine immune cells. For this, we harnessed mRNA-sequencing data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide, dexamethasone, or their combination. These treatments mimic common challenges such as bacterial infection or stress, and induce vast transcriptome changes. About two thirds of the examined loci showed significant ASE in at least one treatment, and out of those about ten percent exhibited cd-ASE. Most of the ASE variants were not yet reported in the PigGTEx Atlas. Genes showing cd-ASE were enriched in cytokine signaling in immune system and include several key candidates for animal health. In contrast, genes showing no ASE featured cell-cycle related functions. We confirmed LPS-dependent ASE for one of the top candidates, SOD2, which ranks among the major response genes in LPS-stimulated monocytes. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of in vitro cell models coupled with cd-ASE analysis for the investigation of G×E in farm animals. The identified loci may benefit efforts to unravel the genetic basis of robustness and improvement of health and welfare in pigs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cooke EM, Connolly EJ, Boisvert DL, Hayes BE. A Systematic Review of the Biological Correlates and Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment and Adverse Childhood Experiences. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:156-173. [PMID: 34105421 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211021613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are two primary forms of interpersonal victimization that have been associated with a host of deleterious health outcomes. Studies over the past decade have begun to use a range of biologically informed methods to better understand the role biology plays in the relationship between CM, ACEs, and later life outcomes. This line of research has shown that both forms of victimization occur at sensitive periods of development, which can increase the likelihood of "getting under the skin" and influence health and behavior across the life course. This review examines the current state of knowledge on this hypothesis. One hundred and ninety-nine studies are included in this systematic review based on criteria that they be written in English, use a biologically informed method, and be conducted on samples of humans. Results reveal that latent additive genetic influences, biological system functioning captured by biomarkers, polygenic risk scores, and neurobiological factors are commonly associated with exposure and response to CM and ACEs. The implication of these findings for the existing body of research on early life victimization and recommendations for future research and policy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cooke
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E Hayes
- School of Criminal Justice, 2514University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genetic associations with resilience to potentially traumatic events and vantage sensitivity to social support. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:147-157. [PMID: 36064238 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress responses and mental health outcomes greatly vary when individuals are exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). The Differential Susceptibility Model (DSM) (Pluess, 2015) suggests individual differences in stress responses are influenced by gene-environment interactions, with genes conferring reactivity. While individuals can be resilient (or vulnerable) to PTEs, they can also have vantage sensitivity (or resistance) to social support. This study examined whether selected genotypes moderated the effect of PTEs and social support on mental health. METHODS This cross-sectional candidate gene study included 450 college students (M age = 20.4, 79.3 % women) who provided buccal cells for genotyping and completed measures of psychosocial variables. DNA was genotyped for 12 genetic variants. RESULTS Hierarchical regression revealed that the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) was associated with the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), rs1800795 in IL-6, and THQ × rs1800795 [R2 = 0.10, F(3, 418) = 15.68, p < .01]. The MHI was associated with the Social Support Survey (SSS), rs4680 in COMT, and SSS × rs4680 [R2 = 0.24, F(3, 429) = 44.19, p < .01]. Only THQ and SSS survived multiple testing corrections. DISCUSSION Findings partially support the DSM that the G/G genotype of rs1800795 in IL-6 is associated with resilience to PTEs, and the Met/Met genotype of rs4680 in COMT is associated with vantage sensitivity to social support. Limitations include cross-sectional design, limited PTE measurement, small convenience sample, and noncorrection for multiple significance test. Clinicians need to view resilience holistically and understand resilience is associated with psychosocial and genetic factors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nishimura Y, Kurosawa K. Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions Related to Developmental Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863664. [PMID: 35370658 PMCID: PMC8969575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with developmental disorders (DDs). It has been suggested that interaction between genetic and environmental factors (G × E) is involved in the etiology of DDs. There are two major approaches to analyze the interaction: genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. In this mini-review, we demonstrate how these approaches can be applied to reveal the G × E related to DDs focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We also discuss novel approaches to analyze the G × E associated with DDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Dysmorphology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hettwer MD, Lancaster TM, Raspor E, Hahn PK, Mota NR, Singer W, Reif A, Linden DEJ, Bittner RA. Evidence From Imaging Resilience Genetics for a Protective Mechanism Against Schizophrenia in the Ventral Visual Pathway. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:551-562. [PMID: 35137221 PMCID: PMC9077432 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illuminating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of recently discovered common genetic resilience variants for schizophrenia is crucial for more effective prevention efforts. Current models implicate adaptive neuroplastic changes in the visual system and their pro-cognitive effects as a schizophrenia resilience mechanism. We investigated whether common genetic resilience variants might affect brain structure in similar neural circuits. METHOD Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the impact of an established schizophrenia polygenic resilience score (PRSResilience) on cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in 101 healthy subjects and in a replication sample of 33 224 healthy subjects (UK Biobank). FINDING We observed a significant positive whole-brain correlation between PRSResilience and cortical volume in the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) (r = 0.35; P = .0004). Post-hoc analyses in this cluster revealed an impact of PRSResilience on cortical surface area. The replication sample showed a positive correlation between PRSResilience and global cortical volume and surface area in the left FFG. CONCLUSION Our findings represent the first evidence of a neurobiological correlate of a genetic resilience factor for schizophrenia. They support the view that schizophrenia resilience emerges from strengthening neural circuits in the ventral visual pathway and an increased capacity for the disambiguation of social and nonsocial visual information. This may aid psychosocial functioning, ameliorate the detrimental effects of subtle perceptual and cognitive disturbances in at-risk individuals, and facilitate coping with the cognitive and psychosocial consequences of stressors. Our results thus provide a novel link between visual cognition, the vulnerability-stress concept, and schizophrenia resilience models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- School of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eva Raspor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf Singer
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research (MPI BR), Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Bittner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; tel: 69-6301-84713, fax: 69-6301-81775, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Exploring the utility of current polygenic scores in capturing resilience. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:15-24. [PMID: 34538866 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although resilience has been identified to be moderately heritable, little is known about the genetic variants involved. While there has not yet been a robust genome-wide association study (GWAS) of resilience, existing GWAS of related phenotypes may provide a starting point for developing our understanding of the heritability of resilience. In a sample of older, US adults (N = 9480), we examined the extent to which proxy polygenic scores (PGS) explained the variance in resilience. Four of the 32 PGS assessed (subjective wellbeing, neuroticism, depressive symptoms and educational attainment) reached significance among participants with European ancestries, but with relatively small effects (= 0.002-0.09). Notably, PGSs derived from GWAS of PTSD among participants with either European or African ancestries were uncorrelated with resilience. Even aggregated across all available proxy PGSs, existing PGSs are not sufficient to inform our understanding of the genetics underlying the heritability of resilience. A large-scale GWAS of resilience is needed as it would provide greater insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying the heritability of resilience.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim W, Moll M, Qiao D, Hobbs BD, Shrine N, Sakornsakolpat P, Tobin MD, Dudbridge F, Wain LV, Ladd-Acosta C, Chatterjee N, Silverman EK, Cho MH, Beaty TH. Interaction of Cigarette Smoking and Polygenic Risk Score on Reduced Lung Function. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2139525. [PMID: 34913977 PMCID: PMC8678715 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The risk of airflow limitation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is influenced by combinations of cigarette smoking and genetic susceptibility, yet it remains unclear whether gene-by-smoking interactions are associated with quantitative measures of lung function. OBJECTIVE To assess the interaction of cigarette smoking and polygenic risk score in association with reduced lung function. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This UK Biobank cohort study included UK citizens of European ancestry aged 40 to 69 years with genetic and spirometry data passing quality control metrics. Data was analyzed from July 2020 to March 2021. EXPOSURES PRS of combined forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and percent of forced vital capacity exhaled in the first second (FEV1/FVC), self-reported pack-years of smoking, ever- vs never-smoking status, and current- vs former- or never-smoking status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES FEV1/FVC was the primary outcome. Models were used to test for interactions with models, including the main effects of PRS, different smoking variables, and their cross-product terms. The association between pack-years of smoking and FEV1/FVC were compared for those in the highest vs lowest decile of estimated genetic risk for low lung function. RESULTS We included 319 730 individuals, of whom 24 915 (8%) had moderate-to-severe COPD cases, and 44.4% were men. Participants had a mean (SD) age 56.5 of (8.02) years. The PRS and pack-years were significantly associated with lower FEV1/FVC (PRS: β, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.031 to -0.03; pack-years: β, -0.0064; 95% CI, -0.0064 to -0.0063) and the interaction term (β, -0.0028; 95% CI, -0.0029 to -0.0026). A stepwise increment in estimated effect sizes for these interaction terms was observed per 10 pack-years of smoking exposure. The interaction of PRS with 11 to 20, 31 to 40, and more than 50 pack-years categories were β (interaction) -0.0038 (95% CI, -0.0046 to -0.0031); -0.013 (95% CI, -0.014 to -0.012); and -0.017 (95% CI, -0.019 to -0.016), respectively. There was evidence of significant interaction between PRS with ever- or never- smoking status (β, interaction; -0.0064; 95% CI, -0.0068 to -0.0060) and current or not-current smoking (β, interaction; -0.0091; 95% CI, -0.0097 to -0.0084). For any given level of pack-years of smoking exposure, FEV1/FVC was significantly lower for individuals in the tenth decile (ie, highest risk) than the first decile (ie, lowest risk) of genetic risk. For every 20 pack-years of smoking, those in the tenth decile compared with the first decile of genetic risk showed nearly a 2-fold reduction in FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE COPD is characterized by diminished lung function, and our analyses suggest there is substantial interaction between genome-wide PRS and smoking exposures. While smoking was associated with decreased lung function across all genetic risk categories, the associations were strongest in individuals with higher estimated genetic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woori Kim
- Systems Biology and Computer Science Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Developmental Dyslexia: Environment Matters. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060782. [PMID: 34199166 PMCID: PMC8231524 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a multifactorial, specific learning disorder. Susceptibility genes have been identified, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors, and especially stress, may act as triggering factors that determine an individual's risk of developing DD. In DD, as in most complex phenotypes, the presence of a genetic mutation fails to explain the broad phenotypic spectrum observed. Early life stress has been repeatedly associated with the risk of multifactorial disorders, due to its effects on chromatin regulation, gene expression, HPA axis function and its long-term effects on the systemic stress response. Based on recent evidence, we discuss the potential role of stress on DD occurrence, its putative epigenetic effects on the HPA axis of affected individuals, as well as the necessity of early and appropriate intervention, based on the individual stress-associated (endo)phenotype.
Collapse
|
15
|
Measuring resilience in children: a review of recent literature and recommendations for future research. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:10-21. [PMID: 33105167 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding variability in developmental outcomes following exposure to early life adversity (ELA) has been an area of increasing interest in psychiatry, as resilient outcomes are just as prevalent as negative ones. However, resilient individuals are understudied in most cohorts and even when studied, resilience is typically defined as an absence of psychopathology. This review examines current approaches to resilience and proposes more comprehensive and objective ways of defining resilience. RECENT FINDINGS Of the 36 studies reviewed, the most commonly used measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (n = 6), followed by the Child Behavior Checklist (n = 5), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (n = 5), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (n = 4), and the Child and Youth Resilience Scale (n = 3). SUMMARY This review reveals that studies tend to rely on self-report methods to capture resilience which poses some challenges. We propose a complementary measure of child resilience that relies on more proactive behavioral and observational indicators; some of our preliminary findings are presented. Additionally, concerns about the way ELA is characterized as well as the influence of genetics on resilient outcomes prompts further considerations about how to proceed with resiliency research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chmitorz A, Neumann RJ, Kollmann B, Ahrens KF, Öhlschläger S, Goldbach N, Weichert D, Schick A, Lutz B, Plichta MM, Fiebach CJ, Wessa M, Kalisch R, Tüscher O, Lieb K, Reif A. Longitudinal determination of resilience in humans to identify mechanisms of resilience to modern-life stressors: the longitudinal resilience assessment (LORA) study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1035-1051. [PMID: 32683526 PMCID: PMC8354914 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the maintenance and/or quick recovery of mental health during and after periods of adversity. It is conceptualized to result from a dynamic process of successful adaptation to stressors. Up to now, a large number of resilience factors have been proposed, but the mechanisms underlying resilience are not yet understood. To shed light on the complex and time-varying processes of resilience that lead to a positive long-term outcome in the face of adversity, the Longitudinal Resilience Assessment (LORA) study has been established. In this study, 1191 healthy participants are followed up at 3- and 18-month intervals over a course of 4.5 years at two study centers in Germany. Baseline and 18-month visits entail multimodal phenotyping, including the assessment of mental health status, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, resilience factors, life history, neuropsychological assessments (of proposed resilience mechanisms), and biomaterials (blood for genetic and epigenetic, stool for microbiome, and hair for cortisol analysis). At 3-monthly online assessments, subjects are monitored for subsequent exposure to stressors as well as mental health measures, which allows for a quantitative assessment of stressor-dependent changes in mental health as the main outcome. Descriptive analyses of mental health, number of stressors including major life events, daily hassles, perceived stress, and the ability to recover from stress are here presented for the baseline sample. The LORA study is unique in its design and will pave the way for a better understanding of resilience mechanisms in humans and for further development of interventions to successfully prevent stress-related disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chmitorz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Faculty of Social Work, Health Care and Nursing Science, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
| | - R. J. Neumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B. Kollmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland
| | - K. F. Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S. Öhlschläger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N. Goldbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D. Weichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Schick
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland ,Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - B. Lutz
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland ,Department of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. M. Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. J. Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Wessa
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland ,Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland ,Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - O. Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland
| | - K. Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Wallstraße 7, Mainz, 55122 Deutschland
| | - A. Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kovner R, Souaiaia T, Fox AS, French DA, Goss CE, Roseboom PH, Oler JA, Riedel MK, Fekete EM, Fudge JL, Knowles JA, Kalin NH. Transcriptional Profiling of Primate Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Neurons to Understand the Molecular Underpinnings of Early-Life Anxious Temperament. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:638-648. [PMID: 32709417 PMCID: PMC7530008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children exhibiting extreme anxious temperament (AT) are at an increased risk for developing anxiety and depression. Our previous mechanistic and neuroimaging work in young rhesus monkeys linked the central nucleus of the amygdala to AT and its underlying neural circuit. METHODS Here, we used laser capture microscopy and RNA sequencing in 47 young rhesus monkeys to investigate AT's molecular underpinnings by focusing on neurons from the lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL). RNA sequencing identified numerous AT-related CeL transcripts, and we used immunofluorescence (n = 3) and tract-tracing (n = 2) methods in a different sample of monkeys to examine the expression, distribution, and projection pattern of neurons expressing one of these transcripts. RESULTS We found 555 AT-related transcripts, 14 of which were confirmed with high statistical confidence (false discovery rate < .10), including protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), a CeL microcircuit cell marker implicated in rodent threat processing. We characterized PKCδ neurons in the rhesus CeL, compared its distribution with that of the mouse, and demonstrated that a subset of these neurons project to the laterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that CeL PKCδ is associated with primate anxiety, provides evidence of a CeL to laterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis circuit that may be relevant to understanding human anxiety, and points to specific molecules within this circuit that could serve as potential treatment targets for anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rothem Kovner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Tade Souaiaia
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Delores A French
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cooper E Goss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick H Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marissa K Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eva M Fekete
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Julie L Fudge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Department of Neuroscience/Del Monte Institute for Brain Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sawyers C, Kurtz ED, Sheerin C, Maes HH, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. A behavioral genetic investigation of conceptualizations of resilience in a female twin sample. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:532-539. [PMID: 32108979 PMCID: PMC7292754 DOI: 10.1002/da.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Great variability exists in response to stressful or traumatic events, leading to an interest in the construct of resilience as a trait and an outcome. The etiologic sources of variability across differing conceptualizations of resilience are poorly understood. METHODS Using behavioral genetic methods in a sample of 2,056 female twins, the present study sought to (a) examine the etiologic sources of a trait-based self-report measure of perceived resilience (PR), (b) determine the genetic and environmental overlap with an outcome-based measure of resilience, as defined by the absence of psychiatric symptoms after stressful life events, previously used by our research team (discrepancy-based psychiatric resilience [DBPR]), and (c) determine the etiologic overlap of these two resilience measures with major depressive disorder (MDD). RESULTS PR was modestly (11%) heritable. A moderate degree of genetic overlap (39%) and a nominal amount of environmental overlap (3%) were found between the two alternative measures of resilience. Genetic factors that influence PR accounted for 3% of MDD heritability, whereas 31% of MDD heritability was due to DBPR genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings of a higher genetic correlation between the outcome-based resilience measure and MDD compared to the trait-based measure and MDD suggest gene-finding efforts may benefit from considering the multifaceted nature of resilience and that resilience is best understood as both a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Erin D. Kurtz
- VISN 6 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC),Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Christina Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Ananda B. Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hatzimanolis A, Stefanatou P, Kattoulas E, Ralli I, Dimitrakopoulos S, Foteli S, Kosteletos I, Mantonakis L, Selakovic M, Soldatos RF, Vlachos I, Xenaki LA, Smyrnis N, Stefanis NC. Familial and socioeconomic contributions to premorbid functioning in psychosis: Impact on age at onset and treatment response. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e44. [PMID: 32345391 PMCID: PMC7355181 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Premorbid adjustment (PA) abnormalities in psychotic disorders are associated with an earlier age at onset (AAO) and unfavorable clinical outcomes, including treatment resistance. Prior family studies suggest that familial liability, likely reflecting increased genetic risk, and socioeconomic status (SES) contribute to premorbid maladjustment. However, their joint effect possibly indicating gene–environment interaction has not been evaluated. Methods. We examined whether family history of psychosis (FHP) and parental SES may predict PA and AAO in unrelated cases with first-episode psychosis (n = 108) and schizophrenia (n = 104). Premorbid academic and social functioning domains during childhood and early adolescence were retrospectively assessed. Regression analyses were performed to investigate main effects of FHP and parental SES, as well as their interaction. The relationships between PA, AAO, and response to antipsychotic medication were also explored. Results. Positive FHP associated with academic PA difficulties and importantly interacted with parental SES to moderate social PA during childhood (interaction p = 0.024). Positive FHP and parental SES did not predict differences in AAO. Nevertheless, an earlier AAO was observed among cases with worse social PA in childhood (β = −0.20; p = 0.005) and early adolescence (β = −0.19; p = 0.007). Further, confirming evidence emerged for an association between deficient childhood social PA and poor treatment response (p = 0.04). Conclusions. Familial risk for psychosis may interact with parental socioeconomic position influencing social PA in childhood. In addition, this study supports the link between social PA deviations, early psychosis onset, and treatment resistance, which highlights premorbid social functioning as a promising clinical indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Pentagiotissa Stefanatou
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kattoulas
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Ralli
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Foteli
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kosteletos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Mantonakis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Rigas-Filippos Soldatos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vlachos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, 11521 Athens, Greece.,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Danese A. Annual Research Review: Rethinking childhood trauma-new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:236-250. [PMID: 31762042 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long-term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross-sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre-trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murrough JW, Russo SJ. The Neurobiology of Resilience: Complexity and Hope. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:406-409. [PMID: 31466560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Affective Neuroscience Center, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Scott J Russo
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Affective Neuroscience Center, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|