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Petric PS, Ifteni P, Popa AV, Teodorescu A. Cerebral Computed Tomographic Findings in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Hyperprolactinemia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1343. [PMID: 38998877 PMCID: PMC11241017 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications are essential for managing severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia, which impacts about 1% of the global population. Despite efficacy, in some cases, they can induce hyperprolactinemia, affecting roughly half of the patients. The prevalence of this condition varies with the specific medication used. Although prolactinomas are rare among schizophrenia patients, treating them with dopamine agonists poses conflicts with antipsychotic medication, necessitating careful monitoring and adjustments. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of brain tumors, prolactinomas, and other structural brain changes in schizophrenia patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics using cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 152 hospitalized patients diagnosed between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2024. Evaluations included cerebral CT scans, prolactin level assessments, and the monitoring of side effects. Patients, with an average age of 42.79 years and an illness duration of 17.89 years, predominantly received olanzapine (46.05%) and risperidone (36.84%). Side effects, reported by 61.78% of patients, included tremors, dizziness, and weight gain. Abnormal prolactin levels were observed in 53.95% of patients, more prevalent in females on risperidone and in both genders on olanzapine. No prolactinomas were detected on CT scans. Managing hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenia patients undergoing antipsychotic therapy is essential to prevent long-term complications and to ensure treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simina Petric
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Petru Ifteni
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Andreea Violeta Popa
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Andreea Teodorescu
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
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2
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Black T, Jenkins BW, Laprairie RB, Howland JG. Therapeutic potential of gamma entrainment using sensory stimulation for cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105681. [PMID: 38641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant morbidity. Treatment options that address the spectrum of symptoms are limited, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS) is an emerging treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders that uses sensory stimulation to entrain impaired oscillatory network activity and restore brain function. Aberrant oscillatory activity often underlies the symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia. We propose that GENUS has therapeutic potential for schizophrenia. This paper reviews the current status of schizophrenia treatment and explores the use of sensory stimulation as an adjunctive treatment, specifically through gamma entrainment. Impaired gamma frequency entrainment is observed in patients, particularly in response to auditory and visual stimuli. Thus, sensory stimulation, such as music listening, may have therapeutic potential for individuals with schizophrenia. GENUS holds novel therapeutic potential to improve the lives of individuals with schizophrenia, but further research is required to determine the efficacy of GENUS, optimize its delivery and therapeutic window, and develop strategies for its implementation in specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallan Black
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Bryan W Jenkins
- Division of Behavioral Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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3
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Biačková N, Adamová A, Klírová M. Transcranial alternating current stimulation in affecting cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:803-826. [PMID: 37682331 PMCID: PMC11127835 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that, through its manipulation of endogenous oscillations, can affect cognition in healthy adults. Given the fact that both endogenous oscillations and cognition are impaired in various psychiatric diagnoses, tACS might represent a suitable intervention. We conducted a search of Pubmed and Web of Science databases and reviewed 27 studies where tACS is used in psychiatric diagnoses and cognition change is evaluated. TACS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention method, suitable for multiple-sessions protocols. It can be administered at home, individualized according to the patient''s anatomical and functional characteristics, or used as a marker of disease progression. The results are varying across diagnoses and applied protocols, with some protocols showing a long-term effect. However, the overall number of studies is small with a great variety of diagnoses and tACS parameters, such as electrode montage or used frequency. Precise mechanisms of tACS interaction with pathophysiological processes are only partially described and need further research. Currently, tACS seems to be a feasible method to alleviate cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients; however, a more robust confirmation of efficacy of potential protocols is needed to introduce it into clinical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Biačková
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Adamová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Klírová
- Neurostimulation Department, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Zhang Y, Tong L, Ma L, Ye H, Zeng S, Zhang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Bao T. Progress in The Research of Lactate Metabolism Disruption And Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300409. [PMID: 38596839 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder widely recognized for its impaired bioenergy utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in brain energy supply. Recent studies have revealed abnormal lactate metabolism in SCZ, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, gastric acid retention, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal brain iron metabolism, cerebral white matter hypermetabolic activity, and genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, astrocytes, neurons, and glutamate abnormalities are prevalent in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism, which are essential components for maintaining ANLS in the brain. Therefore, an in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ANLS in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Liang Tong
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shue Zeng
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
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5
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Howes OD, Dawkins E, Lobo MC, Kaar SJ, Beck K. New Drug Treatments for Schizophrenia: A Review of Approaches to Target Circuit Dysfunction. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01349-0. [PMID: 38815885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disease burden. Current drug treatments are associated with significant side effects and have limited efficacy for many patients, highlighting the need to develop new approaches that target other aspects of the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Preclinical, in vivo imaging, postmortem, genetic, and pharmacological studies have highlighted the key role of cortical GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic)-glutamatergic microcircuits and their projections to subcortical dopaminergic circuits in the pathoetiology of negative, cognitive, and psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics primarily act downstream of the dopaminergic component of this circuit. However, multiple drugs are currently in development that could target other elements of this circuit to treat schizophrenia. These include drugs for GABAergic or glutamatergic targets, including glycine transporters, D-amino acid oxidase, sodium channels, or potassium channels. Other drugs in development are likely to primarily act on pathways that regulate the dopaminergic system, such as muscarinic or trace amine receptors or 5-HT2A receptors, while PDE10A inhibitors are being developed to modulate the downstream consequences of dopaminergic dysfunction. Our review considers where new drugs may act on this circuit and their latest clinical trial evidence in terms of indication, efficacy, and side effects. Limitations of the circuit model, including whether there are neurobiologically distinct subgroups of patients, and future directions are also considered. Several drugs based on the mechanisms reviewed have promising clinical data, with the muscarinic agonist KarXT most advanced. If these drugs are approved for clinical use, they have the potential to revolutionize understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleanor Dawkins
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Lobo
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Kaar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Beck
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Huuki-Myers LA, Spangler A, Eagles NJ, Montgomery KD, Kwon SH, Guo B, Grant-Peters M, Divecha HR, Tippani M, Sriworarat C, Nguyen AB, Ravichandran P, Tran MN, Seyedian A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Battle A, Page SC, Ryten M, Hicks SC, Martinowich K, Collado-Torres L, Maynard KR. A data-driven single-cell and spatial transcriptomic map of the human prefrontal cortex. Science 2024; 384:eadh1938. [PMID: 38781370 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The molecular organization of the human neocortex historically has been studied in the context of its histological layers. However, emerging spatial transcriptomic technologies have enabled unbiased identification of transcriptionally defined spatial domains that move beyond classic cytoarchitecture. We used the Visium spatial gene expression platform to generate a data-driven molecular neuroanatomical atlas across the anterior-posterior axis of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Integration with paired single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data revealed distinct cell type compositions and cell-cell interactions across spatial domains. Using PsychENCODE and publicly available data, we mapped the enrichment of cell types and genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders to discrete spatial domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Huuki-Myers
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Abby Spangler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas J Eagles
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kelsey D Montgomery
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Boyi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Grant-Peters
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Heena R Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Madhavi Tippani
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chaichontat Sriworarat
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Annie B Nguyen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Prashanthi Ravichandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arta Seyedian
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Stephanie C Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Marín O. Parvalbumin interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 82:44-52. [PMID: 38490084 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons represent one of the most abundant subclasses of cortical interneurons. Owing to their specific electrophysiological and synaptic properties, PV+ interneurons are essential for gating and pacing the activity of excitatory neurons. In particular, PV+ interneurons are critically involved in generating and maintaining cortical rhythms in the gamma frequency, which are essential for complex cognitive functions. Deficits in PV+ interneurons have been frequently reported in postmortem studies of schizophrenia patients, and alterations in gamma oscillations are a prominent electrophysiological feature of the disease. Here, I summarise the main features of PV+ interneurons and review clinical and preclinical studies linking the developmental dysfunction of cortical PV+ interneurons with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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8
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Olivares-Berjaga D, Martínez-Pinteño A, Rodríguez N, Madero S, Prohens L, Martínez-Serrano I, Mas S, Morén C, Parellada E, Gassó P. Effects of the PAM of mGluR2, JNJ-46356479, on brain apoptotic protein levels in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110955. [PMID: 38296154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment for schizophrenia (SZ) ameliorates the positive symptoms, but is inefficient in treating the negative and cognitive symptoms. The SZ glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis has opened new avenues in the development of novel drugs targeting the glutamate storm, an inducer of progressive neuropathological changes. Positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), such as JNJ-46356479 (JNJ), reduce the presynaptic release of glutamate, which has previously been demonstrated to attenuate glutamate- and dopamine-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell cultures. We hypothesised that JNJ treatment would modify the brain levels of apoptotic proteins in a mouse model of ketamine (KET)-induced schizophrenia. We analysed the levels of proapoptotic (caspase-3 and Bax) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins by western blot in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of JNJ-treated mice. JNJ attenuated apoptosis in the brain by partially restoring the levels of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, which is significantly reduced in animals exposed to KET. Additionally, a significant inverse correlation was observed between proapoptotic protein levels and behavioural deficits in the mice. Our findings suggest that JNJ may attenuate brain apoptosis in vivo, as previously described in cell cultures, providing a link between neuropathological deficits and SZ symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Madero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Dpt. of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Llucía Prohens
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Sergi Mas
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Constanza Morén
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Dpt. of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.
| | - Eduard Parellada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Dpt. of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Dept. of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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9
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Petersen D, Raudales R, Silva AK, Kellendonk C, Canetta S. Adolescent Thalamocortical Inhibition Alters Prefrontal Excitation-Inhibition Balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.22.568048. [PMID: 38562790 PMCID: PMC10983865 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent inhibition of thalamo-cortical projections from postnatal day P20-50 leads to long lasting deficits in prefrontal cortex function and cognition in the adult mouse. While this suggests a role of thalamic activity in prefrontal cortex maturation, it is unclear how inhibition of these projections affects prefrontal circuit connectivity during adolescence. Here, we used chemogenetic tools to inhibit thalamo-prefrontal projections in the mouse from P20-35 and measured synaptic inputs to prefrontal pyramidal neurons by layer (either II/III or V/VI) and projection target twenty-four hours later using slice physiology. We found a decrease in the frequency of excitatory and inhibitory currents in layer II/III nucleus accumbens (NAc) and layer V/VI medio-dorsal thalamus projecting neurons while layer V/VI NAc-projecting neurons showed an increase in the amplitude of excitatory and inhibitory currents. Regarding cortical projections, the frequency of inhibitory but not excitatory currents was enhanced in contralateral mPFC-projecting neurons. Notably, despite these complex changes in individual levels of excitation and inhibition, the overall balance between excitation and inhibition in each cell was only changed in the contralateral mPFC projections. This finding suggests homeostatic regulation occurs within subcortically but not intracortical callosally-projecting neurons. Increased inhibition of intra-prefrontal connectivity may therefore be particularly important for prefrontal cortex circuit maturation. Finally, we observed cognitive deficits in the adult mouse using this narrowed window of thalamocortical inhibition (P20-P35).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Ricardo Raudales
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Ariadna Kim Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032
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10
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Yi S, Wang Q, Wang W, Hong C, Ren Z. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on negative symptoms and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115728. [PMID: 38232567 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are core characteristics of schizophrenia that profoundly impact daily function and quality of life. As a noninvasive brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a relatively new treatment for ameliorating negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. However, there is controversy over the treatment methods and efficacy. We aimed to provide a quantitative integration of the published evidence regarding the efficacy of rTMS and analyze the feasibility of rTMS for treating negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. A total of twenty reviews were ultimately selected and divided into thirty-three latitudes. Twenty-six analyses showed that rTMS significantly decreased the negative symptom score, and seventeen analyses were performed. Six analyses showed that rTMS treatment can increase working memory scores, and two of them had significant effects. Two analyses from the same review showed that rTMS had a long-term significant effect on treating language function. Only one analysis showed that rTMS had a significant effect on treating executive function. The analyses showed that rTMS had no significant effect on attention function and processing speed. Most reviews indicate that rTMS has an effect on negative symptoms, executive function, working memory, and language function in patients with schizophrenia. Although the quality of evidence was not high, these results are still positive and worthwhile for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yi
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Mental Health Center of Zhejiang Province, No. 1 Xianlin East Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Mental Health Center of Zhejiang Province, No. 1 Xianlin East Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chaokun Hong
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, Sherfield Building, Prince Consort Rd, South Kensington Campus, South Kensington, London SW7 2BB, UK
| | - Zhibin Ren
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Mental Health Center of Zhejiang Province, No. 1 Xianlin East Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Arime Y, Saitoh Y, Ishikawa M, Kamiyoshihara C, Uchida Y, Fujii K, Takao K, Akiyama K, Ohkawa N. Activation of prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons ameliorates working memory deficit even under clinically comparable antipsychotic treatment in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:720-730. [PMID: 38049583 PMCID: PMC10876596 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical unmet medical needs in schizophrenia is the treatment for cognitive deficits. However, the neural circuit mechanisms of them remain unresolved. Previous studies utilizing animal models of schizophrenia did not consider the fact that patients with schizophrenia generally cannot discontinue antipsychotic medication due to the high risk of relapse. Here, we used multi-dimensional approaches, including histological analysis of the prelimbic cortex (PL), LC-MS/MS-based in vivo dopamine D2 receptor occupancy analysis for antipsychotics, in vivo calcium imaging, and behavioral analyses of mice using chemogenetics to investigate neural mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for working memory deficit in a chronic phencyclidine (PCP) mouse model of schizophrenia. Chronic PCP administration led to alterations in excitatory and inhibitory synapses, specifically in dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) positive terminals, and parvalbumin (PV) positive GABAergic interneurons located in layer 2-3 of the PL. Continuous administration of olanzapine, which achieved a sustained therapeutic window of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (60-80%) in the striatum, did not ameliorate these synaptic abnormalities and working memory deficit in the chronic PCP-treated mice. We demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of PV neurons in the PL, as confirmed by in vivo calcium imaging, ameliorated working memory deficit in this model even under clinically comparable olanzapine treatment which by itself inhibited only PCP-induced psychomotor hyperactivity. Our study suggests that targeting prefrontal PV neurons could be a promising therapeutic intervention for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia in combination with antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosefu Arime
- Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ishikawa
- Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chikako Kamiyoshihara
- Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Kawada Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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12
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O'Brien JT, Jalilvand SP, Suji NA, Jupelly RK, Phensy A, Mwirigi JM, Elahi H, Price TJ, Kroener S. Elevations in the Mitochondrial Matrix Protein Cyclophilin D Correlate With Reduced Parvalbumin Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex of Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae016. [PMID: 38412332 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are linked to dysfunctions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), including alterations in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PVIs). Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress may represent convergence points in the pathology of schizophrenia, causing dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons and loss of PV. Here, we show that the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD), a critical initiator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and modulator of the intracellular redox state, is altered in PVIs in schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Western blotting was used to measure CypD protein levels in postmortem DLPFC specimens of schizophrenic patients (n = 27) and matched comparison subjects with no known history of psychiatric or neurological disorders (n = 26). In a subset of this cohort, multilabel immunofluorescent confocal microscopy with unbiased stereological sampling methods were used to quantify (1) numbers of PVI across the cortical mantle (20 unaffected comparison, 14 schizophrenia) and (2) PV and CypD protein levels from PVIs in the cortical layers 2-4 (23 unaffected comparison, 18 schizophrenia). STUDY RESULTS In schizophrenic patients, the overall number of PVIs in the DLPFC was not significantly altered, but in individual PVIs of layers 2-4 PV protein levels decreased along a superficial-to-deep gradient when compared to unaffected comparison subjects. These laminar-specific PVI alterations were reciprocally linked to significant CypD elevations both in PVIs and total DLPFC gray matter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previously reported PVI anomalies in schizophrenia and suggest that CypD-mediated mPTP formation could be a potential contributor to PVI dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T O'Brien
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Sophia P Jalilvand
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Neha A Suji
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Rohan K Jupelly
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Aarron Phensy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Juliet M Mwirigi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hajira Elahi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Sven Kroener
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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13
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Tandon R, Nasrallah H, Akbarian S, Carpenter WT, DeLisi LE, Gaebel W, Green MF, Gur RE, Heckers S, Kane JM, Malaspina D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murray R, Owen M, Smoller JW, Yassin W, Keshavan M. The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:1-28. [PMID: 38086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
With new data about different aspects of schizophrenia being continually generated, it becomes necessary to periodically revisit exactly what we know. Along with a need to review what we currently know about schizophrenia, there is an equal imperative to evaluate the construct itself. With these objectives, we undertook an iterative, multi-phase process involving fifty international experts in the field, with each step building on learnings from the prior one. This review assembles currently established findings about schizophrenia (construct, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical expression, treatment) and posits what they reveal about its nature. Schizophrenia is a heritable, complex, multi-dimensional syndrome with varying degrees of psychotic, negative, cognitive, mood, and motor manifestations. The illness exhibits a remitting and relapsing course, with varying degrees of recovery among affected individuals with most experiencing significant social and functional impairment. Genetic risk factors likely include thousands of common genetic variants that each have a small impact on an individual's risk and a plethora of rare gene variants that have a larger individual impact on risk. Their biological effects are concentrated in the brain and many of the same variants also increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Environmental risk factors include but are not limited to urban residence in childhood, migration, older paternal age at birth, cannabis use, childhood trauma, antenatal maternal infection, and perinatal hypoxia. Structural, functional, and neurochemical brain alterations implicate multiple regions and functional circuits. Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists and partial agonists improve psychotic symptoms and reduce risk of relapse. Certain psychological and psychosocial interventions are beneficial. Early intervention can reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes. Schizophrenia is increasingly considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome and not a singular disease entity. There is no necessary or sufficient etiology, pathology, set of clinical features, or treatment that fully circumscribes this syndrome. A single, common pathophysiological pathway appears unlikely. The boundaries of schizophrenia remain fuzzy, suggesting the absence of a categorical fit and need to reconceptualize it as a broader, multi-dimensional and/or spectrum construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, WMU Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States of America.
| | - Henry Nasrallah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Dusseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America; Greater Los Angeles Veterans' Administration Healthcare System, United States of America
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics, and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannhein/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Walid Yassin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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14
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Huang B, Pu C, Guo X, Chan RCK, Huang J, Yu X. Hypo- and hyper-activation in frontotemporal lobe during humor processing in patients with first episode schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103892. [PMID: 38160523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia present difficulties in humor recognition and appreciation, but the neural mechanism of these deficits remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate neural substrates underlying humor processing in patients with first episode schizophrenia (FES). METHODS This study recruited 40 patients with FES (illness duration ≤ 4 years) and 31 healthy controls matching for age, gender and education level. Participants completed a fMRI verbal humor processing paradigm comprising 96 stories, half for funny punch-line condition and the other half for unfunny condition. Participants were required to judge whether the story was funny or not. Signal detection theory (SDT) analysis was used to calculate d' and β values which represented sensitivity and inner criteria for humor signals respectively. The funny-unfunny contrast was analyzed to identify the brain regions related with humor processing. d' and β values were put into the imaging regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with FES showed significantly lower hit rate and sensitivity of humor signals (d'). At the neural level, patients with FES hypo-activated in ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) while hyper-activated in middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) compared to controls. In addition, activity in vmPFC and ACC was positively associated with d' and β values, while activity in STG was positively associated with β values in the clinical group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FES exhibited decreased sensitivity to humor signals. Hypo-activation in frontal regions and hyper-activation in temporal regions were associated with the humor processing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Pu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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15
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Sohal VS. Neurobiology of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 84:102820. [PMID: 38091860 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikaas S Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA.
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16
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Veeraraghavan P, Engmann AK, Hatch JJ, Itoh Y, Nguyen D, Addison T, Macklis JD. Dynamic subtype- and context-specific subcellular RNA regulation in growth cones of developing neurons of the cerebral cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.24.559186. [PMID: 38328182 PMCID: PMC10849483 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that cells employ to compartmentalize function via localization of function-specific RNA and translation are only partially elucidated. We investigate long-range projection neurons of the cerebral cortex as highly polarized exemplars to elucidate dynamic regulation of RNA localization, stability, and translation within growth cones (GCs), leading tips of growing axons. Comparison of GC-localized transcriptomes between two distinct subtypes of projection neurons- interhemispheric-callosal and corticothalamic- across developmental stages identifies both distinct and shared subcellular machinery, and intriguingly highlights enrichment of genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Developmental context-specific components of GC-localized transcriptomes identify known and novel potential regulators of distinct phases of circuit formation: long-distance growth, target area innervation, and synapse formation. Further, we investigate mechanisms by which transcripts are enriched and dynamically regulated in GCs, and identify GC-enriched motifs in 3' untranslated regions. As one example, we identify cytoplasmic adenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4), an RNA binding protein regulating localization and translation of mRNAs encoding molecular machinery important for axonal branching and complexity. We also identify RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) as a dynamically expressed regulator of RNA stabilization that enables successful callosal circuit formation. Subtly aberrant associative and integrative cortical circuitry can profoundly affect cortical function, often causing neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Elucidation of context-specific subcellular RNA regulation for GC- and soma-localized molecular controls over precise circuit development, maintenance, and function offers generalizable insights for other polarized cells, and might contribute substantially to understanding neurodevelopmental and behavioral-cognitive disorders and toward targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne K. Engmann
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John J. Hatch
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Itoh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Duane Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Addison
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Macklis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Thompson SM. Modulators of GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: past, present, and future. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:83-95. [PMID: 37709943 PMCID: PMC10700661 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acts at ionotropic GABAA receptors to counterbalance excitation and regulate neuronal firing. GABAA receptors are heteropentameric channels comprised from subunits derived from 19 different genes. GABAA receptors have one of the richest and well-developed pharmacologies of any therapeutic drug target, including agonists, antagonists, and positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs, NAMs). Currently used PAMs include benzodiazepine sedatives and anxiolytics, barbiturates, endogenous and synthetic neurosteroids, and general anesthetics. In this article, I will review evidence that these drugs act at several distinct binding sites and how they can be used to alter the balance between excitation and inhibition. I will also summarize existing literature regarding (1) evidence that changes in GABAergic inhibition play a causative role in major depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and schizophrenia and (2) whether and how GABAergic drugs exert beneficial effects in these conditions, focusing on human studies where possible. Where these classical therapeutics have failed to exert benefits, I will describe recent advances in clinical and preclinical drug development. I will also highlight opportunities to advance a generation of GABAergic therapeutics, such as development of subunit-selective PAMs and NAMs, that are engendering hope for novel tools to treat these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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18
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Howes OD, Bukala BR, Beck K. Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:22-35. [PMID: 38110704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disability. Current pharmacotherapy for the disease predominantly uses one mechanism - dopamine D2 receptor blockade - but often shows limited efficacy and poor tolerability. These limitations highlight the need to better understand the aetiology of the disease to aid the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the latest meta-analyses and other findings on the neurobiology of prodromal, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, and the link to psychotic symptoms, focusing on imaging evidence from people with the disorder. This evidence demonstrates regionally specific neurotransmitter alterations, including higher glutamate and dopamine measures in the basal ganglia, and lower glutamate, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cortical regions, particularly the frontal cortex, relative to healthy individuals. We consider how dysfunction in cortico-thalamo-striatal-midbrain circuits might alter brain information processing to underlie psychotic symptoms. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for developing new, mechanistically based treatments and precision medicine for psychotic symptoms, as well as negative and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Bernard R Bukala
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Zhu J, Fang T, Ping J, Wang L, Sun Y, Cheng L, Chen C, Chen G. Low-dose lithium adjunct to quetiapine improves cognitive task performance in mice with MK801-induced long-term cognitive impairment: Evidence from a pilot study. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:42-52. [PMID: 37506773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose lithium (LD-Li) has been shown to rescue cognitive impairment in mouse models of short-term mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and schizophrenia. However, few studies have characterized the effects of LD-Li, alone or in conjunction with anti-psychotics, in the mouse model of MK801-induced long term cognitive impairment. METHODS The present study used in vivo Ca2+ imaging and a battery of cognitive function assessments to investigate the long-term effects of LD-Li on cognition in mice exposed to repeated injections of MK801. Prefrontal Ca2+ activity was visualized to estimate alterations in neural activity in the model mice. Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and fear conditioning (FC) tasks were used to characterize cognitive performance; open field activity (OFA) testing was used to observe psychotic symptoms. Two treatment strategies were tested: LD-Li [250 mg/d human equivalent dose (HED)] adjunct to quetiapine (QTP; 600 mg/d HED); and QTP-monotherapy (mt; 600 mg/d HED). RESULTS Compared to the QTP-mt group, the LD-Li + QTP group showed greatly improved cognitive performance on all measures between experimental days 29 and 85. QTP-mt improved behavioral measures compared to untreated controls, but the effects persisted only from day 29 to day 43. These data suggest that LD-Li + QTP is superior to QTP-mt for improving long-term cognitive impairments in the MK801 mouse model. LIMITATIONS There is no medical consensus regarding lithium use in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION More pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to further investigate effective treatment strategies for patients with long-term cognitive impairments, such as chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAC_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China; Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China; Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC_Lab), Tianjn Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAC_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAC_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC_Lab), Tianjn Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC_Lab), Tianjn Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Langlang Cheng
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chunmian Chen
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Animal Imaging Center (AIC), Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
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20
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Perica MI, Luna B. Impact of stress on excitatory and inhibitory markers of adolescent cognitive critical period plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105378. [PMID: 37643681 PMCID: PMC10591935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant neurocognitive development. Prolonged maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) through adolescence has been found to support improvements in executive function. Changes in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of critical period plasticity have been found to be present in the PFC through adolescence, suggesting that environment may have a greater effect on development during this time. Stress is one factor known to affect neurodevelopment increasing risk for psychopathology. However, less is known about how stress experienced during adolescence could affect adolescent-specific critical period plasticity mechanisms and cognitive outcomes. In this review, we synthesize findings from human and animal literatures looking at the experience of stress during adolescence on cognition and frontal excitatory and inhibitory neural activity. Studies indicate enhancing effects of acute stress on cognition and excitation within specific contexts, while chronic stress generally dampens excitatory and inhibitory processes and impairs cognition. We propose a model of how stress could affect frontal critical period plasticity, thus potentially altering neurodevelopmental trajectories that could lead to risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Asraf K, Zaidan H, Natoor B, Gaisler-Salomon I. Synergistic, long-term effects of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency and mild stress on cognitive function and mPFC gene and miRNA expression. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 37419882 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are associated with cognitive deficits. We previously showed that homozygous deletion of CNS glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1), a metabolic enzyme critical for glutamate metabolism, leads to schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities and increased mPFC glutamate; mice heterozygous for CNS Glud1 deletion (C-Glud1+/- mice) showed no cognitive or molecular abnormalities. Here, we examined the protracted behavioral and molecular effects of mild injection stress on C-Glud1+/- mice. We found spatial and reversal learning deficits, as well as large-scale mPFC transcriptional changes in pathways associated with glutamate and GABA signaling, in stress-exposed C-Glud1+/- mice, but not in their stress-naïve or C-Glud1+/+ littermates. These effects were observed several weeks following stress exposure, and the expression levels of specific glutamatergic and GABAergic genes differentiated between high and low reversal learning performance. An increase in miR203-5p expression immediately following stress may provide a translational regulatory mechanism to account for the delayed effect of stress exposure on cognitive function. Our findings show that chronic glutamate abnormalities interact with acute stress to induce cognitive deficits, and resonate with gene x environment theories of schizophrenia. Stress-exposed C-Glud1+/- mice may model a schizophrenia high-risk population, which is uniquely sensitive to stress-related 'trigger' events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Asraf
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Hiba Zaidan
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Baylasan Natoor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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22
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Gur RE, McDonald-McGinn DM, Moore TM, Gallagher RS, McClellan E, White L, Ruparel K, Hillman N, Crowley TB, McGinn DE, Zackai E, Emanuel BS, Calkins ME, Roalf DR, Gur RC. Psychosis spectrum features, neurocognition and functioning in a longitudinal study of youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36987693 PMCID: PMC10600823 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders are common in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) with about 25% of affected individuals developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders by young adulthood. Longitudinal evaluation of psychosis spectrum features and neurocognition can establish developmental trajectories and impact on functional outcome. METHODS 157 youth with 22q11DS were assessed longitudinally for psychopathology focusing on psychosis spectrum symptoms, neurocognitive performance and global functioning. We contrasted the pattern of positive and negative psychosis spectrum symptoms and neurocognitive performance differentiating those with more prominent Psychosis Spectrum symptoms (PS+) to those without prominent psychosis symptoms (PS-). RESULTS We identified differences in the trajectories of psychosis symptoms and neurocognitive performance between the groups. The PS+ group showed age associated increase in symptom severity, especially negative symptoms and general nonspecific symptoms. Correspondingly, their level of functioning was worse and deteriorated more steeply than the PS- group. Neurocognitive performance was generally comparable in PS+ and PS- groups and demonstrated a similar age-related trajectory. However, worsening executive functioning distinguished the PS+ group from PS- counterparts. Notably, of the three executive function measures examined, only working memory showed a significant difference between the groups in rate of change. Finally, structural equation modeling showed that neurocognitive decline drove the clinical change. CONCLUSIONS Youth with 22q11DS and more prominent psychosis features show worsening of symptoms and functional decline driven by neurocognitive decline, most related to executive functions and specifically working memory. The results underscore the importance of working memory in the developmental progression of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R. Sean Gallagher
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily McClellan
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren White
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noah Hillman
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T. Blaine Crowley
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel E. McGinn
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Huuki-Myers L, Spangler A, Eagles N, Montgomery KD, Kwon SH, Guo B, Grant-Peters M, Divecha HR, Tippani M, Sriworarat C, Nguyen AB, Ravichandran P, Tran MN, Seyedian A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Battle A, Page SC, Ryten M, Hicks SC, Martinowich K, Collado-Torres L, Maynard KR. Integrated single cell and unsupervised spatial transcriptomic analysis defines molecular anatomy of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528722. [PMID: 36824961 PMCID: PMC9949126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Generation of a molecular neuroanatomical map of the human prefrontal cortex reveals novel spatial domains and cell-cell interactions relevant for psychiatric disease. The molecular organization of the human neocortex has been historically studied in the context of its histological layers. However, emerging spatial transcriptomic technologies have enabled unbiased identification of transcriptionally-defined spatial domains that move beyond classic cytoarchitecture. Here we used the Visium spatial gene expression platform to generate a data-driven molecular neuroanatomical atlas across the anterior-posterior axis of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Integration with paired single nucleus RNA-sequencing data revealed distinct cell type compositions and cell-cell interactions across spatial domains. Using PsychENCODE and publicly available data, we map the enrichment of cell types and genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders to discrete spatial domains. Finally, we provide resources for the scientific community to explore these integrated spatial and single cell datasets at research.libd.org/spatialDLPFC/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Huuki-Myers
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abby Spangler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nick Eagles
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey D Montgomery
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Grant-Peters
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Heena R Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madhavi Tippani
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chaichontat Sriworarat
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie B Nguyen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arta Seyedian
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie C Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Using Nonhuman Primate Models to Reverse-Engineer Prefrontal Circuit Failure Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:315-362. [PMID: 36607528 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, I review studies in nonhuman primates that emulate the circuit failure in prefrontal cortex responsible for working memory and cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia. These studies have characterized how synaptic malfunction, typically induced by blockade of NMDAR, disrupts neural function and computation in prefrontal networks to explain errors in cognitive tasks that are seen in schizophrenia. This work is finding causal relationships between pathogenic events of relevance to schizophrenia at vastly different levels of scale, from synapses, to neurons, local, circuits, distributed networks, computation, and behavior. Pharmacological manipulation, the dominant approach in primate models, has limited construct validity for schizophrenia pathogenesis, as the disease results from a complex interplay between environmental, developmental, and genetic factors. Genetic manipulation replicating schizophrenia risk is more advanced in rodent models. Nonetheless, gene manipulation in nonhuman primates is rapidly advancing, and primate developmental models have been established. Integration of large scale neural recording, genetic manipulation, and computational modeling in nonhuman primates holds considerable potential to provide a crucial schizophrenia model moving forward. Data generated by this approach is likely to fill several crucial gaps in our understanding of the causal sequence leading to schizophrenia in humans. This causal chain presents a vexing problem largely because it requires understanding how events at very different levels of scale relate to one another, from genes to circuits to cognition to social interactions. Nonhuman primate models excel here. They optimally enable discovery of causal relationships across levels of scale in the brain that are relevant to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The mechanistic understanding of prefrontal circuit failure they promise to provide may point the way to more effective therapeutic interventions to restore function to prefrontal networks in the disease.
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25
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Hemby SE, McIntosh S. Chronic haloperidol administration downregulates select BDNF transcript and protein levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1054506. [PMID: 36816400 PMCID: PMC9932326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1054506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem studies in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation from schizophrenia patients have revealed significant disruptions in the expression molecules associated with cytoarchitecture, synaptic structure, function, and plasticity, known to be regulated in part by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Interestingly, several studies using postmortem brain tissue from individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have revealed a significant reduction in BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus and related areas; however, differentiating the effects of illness from antipsychotic history has remained difficult. We hypothesized that chronic antipsychotic treatment may contribute to the altered BDNF mRNA and protein expression observed in post-mortem brains of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. To address the influence of antipsychotic administration on BDNF expression in the primate brain, rhesus monkeys orally administered haloperidol, clozapine, or vehicle twice daily for 180 days. We found BDNF splice variants 4 and 5 in the DLPFC and variant 2 in the EC were significantly down-regulated following chronic administration of haloperidol. In addition, proBDNF and mature BDNF expression in the DLPFC, but not the EC, were significantly reduced. Based on the known regulation of BDNF expression by BDNF-AS, we assessed the expression of this lncRNA and found expression was significantly upregulated in the DLPFC, but not EC. The results of the present study provide evidence of haloperidol-induced regulation of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the DLFPC and suggest an important role for BDNF-AS in this regulation. Given the role of BDNF in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and maintenance, aberrant expression induced by haloperidol likely has significant ramifications for neuronal populations and circuits in primate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Hemby
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Scot McIntosh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
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26
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Fujihara K. Beyond the γ-aminobutyric acid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1161608. [PMID: 37168420 PMCID: PMC10165250 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1161608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system have been reported in the postmortem brains of individuals with schizophrenia. In particular, the reduction of one of the GABA-synthesizing enzymes, the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), has garnered interest among researchers because of its role in the formation of γ-oscillations and its potential involvement in the cognitive dysfunction observed in schizophrenia. Although several animal models have been generated to simulate the alterations observed in postmortem brain studies, they exhibit inconsistent behavioral phenotypes, leading to conflicting views regarding their contributions to the pathogenesis and manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms. For instance, GAD67 knockout rats (also known as Gad1 knockout rats) exhibit marked impairments in spatial working memory, but other model animals do not. In this review, we summarize the phenotypic attributes of these animal models and contemplate the potential for secondary modifications that may arise from the disruption of the GABAergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuyuki Fujihara,
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27
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Vinogradov S, Chafee MV, Lee E, Morishita H. Psychosis spectrum illnesses as disorders of prefrontal critical period plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:168-185. [PMID: 36180784 PMCID: PMC9700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research on neuroplasticity processes in psychosis spectrum illnesses-from the synaptic to the macrocircuit levels-fill key gaps in our models of pathophysiology and open up important treatment considerations. In this selective narrative review, we focus on three themes, emphasizing alterations in spike-timing dependent and Hebbian plasticity that occur during adolescence, the critical period for prefrontal system development: (1) Experience-dependent dysplasticity in psychosis emerges from activity decorrelation within neuronal ensembles. (2) Plasticity processes operate bidirectionally: deleterious environmental and experiential inputs shape microcircuits. (3) Dysregulated plasticity processes interact across levels of scale and time and include compensatory mechanisms that have pathogenic importance. We present evidence that-given the centrality of progressive dysplastic changes, especially in prefrontal cortex-pharmacologic or neuromodulatory interventions will need to be supplemented by corrective learning experiences for the brain if we are to help people living with these illnesses to fully thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Matthew V Chafee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik Lee
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, & Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Petanjek Z, Banovac I, Sedmak D, Hladnik A. Dendritic Spines: Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Pruning for the Developmental Organization of Brain Circuits. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:143-221. [PMID: 37962796 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic overproduction and elimination is a regular developmental event in the mammalian brain. In the cerebral cortex, synaptic overproduction is almost exclusively correlated with glutamatergic synapses located on dendritic spines. Therefore, analysis of changes in spine density on different parts of the dendritic tree in identified classes of principal neurons could provide insight into developmental reorganization of specific microcircuits.The activity-dependent stabilization and selective elimination of the initially overproduced synapses is a major mechanism for generating diversity of neural connections beyond their genetic determination. The largest number of overproduced synapses was found in the monkey and human cerebral cortex. The highest (exceeding adult values by two- to threefold) and most protracted overproduction (up to third decade of life) was described for associative layer IIIC pyramidal neurons in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Therefore, the highest proportion and extraordinarily extended phase of synaptic spine overproduction is a hallmark of neural circuitry in human higher-order associative areas. This indicates that microcircuits processing the most complex human cognitive functions have the highest level of developmental plasticity. This finding is the backbone for understanding the effect of environmental impact on the development of the most complex, human-specific cognitive and emotional capacities, and on the late onset of human-specific neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Petanjek
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Banovac
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Sedmak
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Hladnik
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Chafee MV, Averbeck BB. Unmasking Schizophrenia: Synaptic Pruning in Adolescence Reveals a Latent Physiological Vulnerability in Prefrontal Recurrent Networks. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:436-439. [PMID: 36008035 PMCID: PMC9870034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Chafee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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30
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Chen J, Li Q, Yang L, Zhang Q, Chen G, Cheng L, Zhou C, Song X. Associations of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia with genetic features and with schizophrenia-related structural and functional brain changes. Front Genet 2022; 13:880027. [PMID: 36061201 PMCID: PMC9437456 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, in whom it can be highly disruptive to community functioning and worsen prognosis. Previously, genetic factors and cognitive impairments in MPD patients have been examined mostly in isolated circuits rather than in the whole brain. In the present study, genetic, neuroimaging, and psychometric approaches were combined to investigate the relationship among genetic factors, alterations throughout the brain, and cognitive impairments in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with SCZ, with a reference healthy control (HC) group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SCZ-risk genes were found to be strongly related to cognitive impairments as well as to gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) alterations in the SCZ group. Annotating 136 high-ranking SNPs revealed 65 affected genes (including PPP1R16B, GBBR2, PDE4B, CANCNA1C, SLC12AB, SATB2, MAG12, and SATB2). Only one, a PDE4B SNP (rs1006737), correlated with GMV (r = 0:19 p = 0.015) and FC (r = 0.21, p = 0.0074) in SCZ patients. GMV and FC alterations correlated with one another broadly across brain regions. Moreover, the present data demonstrate three-way SNP-FC-GMV associations in patients with SCZ, thus providing clues regarding potential genetic bases of cognition impairments in SCZ. SNP-FC-GMV relationships correlated with visual learning and reasoning dimensions of cognition. These data provide evidence that SCZ-related cognitive impairments may reflect genetically underlain whole-brain structural and functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brian Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Digital Analysis Center of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology Imaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab) of Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Deep Learning Center of MRI and Genetics, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo, ; Xueqin Song,
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Langlang Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo, ; Xueqin Song,
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Austin MC, De Simone G, Barone A. Rational and Translational Implications of D-Amino Acids for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: From Neurobiology to the Clinics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070909. [PMID: 35883465 PMCID: PMC9312470 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder with synaptic alterations and aberrant cortical–subcortical connections. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment and nearly all share the common feature of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, whereas glutamatergic abnormalities are not targeted by the presently available therapies. D-amino acids, acting as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators, have emerged in the last few years as a potential augmentation strategy in those cases of schizophrenia that do not respond well to antipsychotics, a condition defined as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), affecting almost 30–40% of patients, and characterized by serious cognitive deficits and functional impairment. In the present systematic review, we address with a direct and reverse translational perspective the efficacy of D-amino acids, including D-serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine, in poor responders. The impact of these molecules on the synaptic architecture is also considered in the light of dendritic spine changes reported in schizophrenia and antipsychotics’ effect on postsynaptic density proteins. Moreover, we describe compounds targeting D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase enzymes. Finally, other drugs acting at NMDAR and proxy of D-amino acids function, such as D-cycloserine, sarcosine, and glycine, are considered in the light of the clinical burden of TRS, together with other emerging molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463673 or +39-081-7463884 or +39-3662745592; Fax: +39-081-7462644
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Mark C. Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
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32
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Zhuo C, Chen G, Chen J, Yang L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang L, Ma X, Sun Y, Jia F, Tian H, Jiang D. Baseline global brain structural and functional alterations at the time of symptom onset can predict subsequent cognitive deterioration in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients: Evidence from a follow-up study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1012428. [PMID: 36311504 PMCID: PMC9615917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1012428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the global brain gray matter volume (gGMV) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) play a pivotal role in the cognitive impairment and further deterioration in schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the correlation between alterations in the gGMV and gFCD at baseline (ΔgGMV and ΔgFCD), and the subsequent alterations of cognitive function in schizophrenia patients after 2-year antipsychotic treatment. Global-brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 877 drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients at baseline and after two years of antipsychotic treatment with adequate dosage and duration, and 200 healthy controls. According to ΔgGMV at baseline, schizophrenia patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe alteration groups. The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery and Global Deficit Score (GDS) were used to assess cognitive impairment. We found that ΔgGMV and ΔgFCD at baseline were significantly correlated with the severity of the cognitive deterioration (ΔGDS). The correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation between baseline ΔgFCD and subsequent cognitive deterioration, with a relatively stronger relation in the mild alteration group (r = 0.31). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between baseline ΔgGMV and subsequent cognitive deterioration, with a stronger relation in the moderate and severe alteration groups (r = 0.303; r = 0.302, respectively). Our results showed that ΔgGMV and ΔgFCD are correlated with the severity of cognitive deterioration after completion of a 2-year antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients. These findings suggest that baseline alterations in gGMV and gFCD hold potential for predicting subsequent cognitive decline in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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