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Ma C, Ni L, Guo Z, Zeng H, Wu M, Zhang M, Zheng B. Principle and Application of Steam Explosion Technology in Modification of Food Fiber. Foods 2022; 11:3370. [PMID: 36359983 PMCID: PMC9658468 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Steam explosion is a widely used hydrothermal pretreatment method, also known as autohydrolysis, which has become a popular pretreatment method due to its lower energy consumption and lower chemical usage. In this review, we summarized the technical principle of steam explosion, and its definition, modification and application in dietary fiber, which have been explored by researchers in recent years. The principle and application of steam explosion technology in the modification of food dietary fiber were analyzed. The change in dietary fiber structure; physical, chemical, and functional characteristics; the advantages and disadvantages of the method; and future development trends were discussed, with the aim to strengthen the economic value and utilization of plants with high dietary fiber content and their byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Co-Operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liying Ni
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Co-Operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zebin Guo
- Department of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Maoyu Wu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Co-Operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Co-Operatives, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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2
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Recent Advances in the Bioconversion of Waste Straw Biomass with Steam Explosion Technique: A Comprehensive Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste straw biomass is an abundant renewable bioresource raw material on Earth. Its stubborn wooden cellulose structure limits straw lignocellulose bioconversion into value-added products (e.g., biofuel, chemicals, and agricultural products). Compared to physicochemical and other preprocessing techniques, the steam explosion method, as a kind of hydrothermal method, was considered as a practical, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method to overcome the above-mentioned barriers during straw lignocellulose bioconversion. Steam explosion pretreatment of straw lignocellulose can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of producing biofuels and value-added chemicals and is expected to replace fossil fuels and partially replace traditional chemical fertilizers. Although the principles of steam explosion destruction of lignocellulosic structures for bioconversion to liquid fuels and producing solid biofuel were well known, applications of steam explosion in productions of value-added chemicals, organic fertilizers, biogas, etc. were less identified. Therefore, this review provides insights into advanced methods of utilizing steam explosion for straw biomass conversion as well as their corresponding processes and mechanisms. Finally, the current limitations and prospects of straw biomass conversion with steam explosion technology were elucidated.
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Ajala EO, Ighalo JO, Ajala MA, Adeniyi AG, Ayanshola AM. Sugarcane bagasse: a biomass sufficiently applied for improving global energy, environment and economic sustainability. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:87. [PMID: 38650274 PMCID: PMC10991612 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (SCB) is a biomass of agricultural waste obtained from sugarcane processing that has been found in abundance globally. Due to its abundance in nature, researchers have been harnessing this biomass for numerous applications such as in energy and environmental sustainability. However, before it could be optimally utilised, it has to be pre-treated using available methods. Different pre-treatment methods were reviewed for SCB, both alkaline and alkali-acid process reveal efficient and successful approaches for obtaining higher glucose production from hydrolysis. Procedures for hydrolysis were evaluated, and results indicate that pre-treated SCB was susceptible to acid and enzymatic hydrolysis as > 80% glucose yield was obtained in both cases. The SCB could achieve a bio-ethanol (a biofuel) yield of > 0.2 g/g at optimal conditions and xylitol (a bio-product) yield at > 0.4 g/g in most cases. Thermochemical processing of SCB also gave excellent biofuel yields. The plethora of products obtained in this regard have been catalogued and elucidated extensively. As found in this study, the SCB could be used in diverse applications such as adsorbent, ion exchange resin, briquettes, ceramics, concrete, cement and polymer composites. Consequently, the SCB is a biomass with great potential to meet global energy demand and encourage environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- Unilorin Sugar Research Institute, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - J O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - M A Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A G Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A M Ayanshola
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Chen J, Yang S, Alam MA, Wang Z, Zhang J, Huang S, Zhuang W, Xu C, Xu J. Novel biorefining method for succinic acid processed from sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124615. [PMID: 33454167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was pretreated with hot water (HLW), ethanol (ETH), and sodium hydroxide (SH). The obtained residuals were hydrolyzed and applied as carbon sources for succinic acid (SA) fermentation, the residue digestibility and SA conversion rate of alkali-pretreated residual were superior to others. Considering the characteristics of alkali pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and succinic acid fermentation, a novel in-situ semi-simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSSCF) procedure for SA production from SCB was developed. The yield, productivity, and conversion rates of SA from SCB raw material (DRM) processed by SSSCF were 41 g/L, 300 mg/L/h, and 320 mg/g dry, respectively. For every kilogram of SA production, the developed coupling method reduced the SH and water usages, energy consumption, and effluent emission by 0.14 kg, 233.5 L 14,000 kJ and 7 L, respectively, and enhanced the SA productivity by 1.7 times compared with the non-coupling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shushi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Badgujar KC, Dange R, Bhanage BM. Recent advances of use of the supercritical carbon dioxide for the biomass pre-treatment and extraction: A mini-review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Parajuli S, Kannan B, Karan R, Sanahuja G, Liu H, Garcia‐Ruiz E, Kumar D, Singh V, Zhao H, Long S, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Towards oilcane: Engineering hyperaccumulation of triacylglycerol into sugarcane stems. GCB BIOENERGY 2020; 12:476-490. [DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
AbstractMetabolic engineering to divert carbon flux from sucrose to oil in high biomass crop like sugarcane is an emerging strategy to boost lipid yields per hectare for biodiesel production. Sugarcane stems comprise more than 70% of the crops' biomass and can accumulate sucrose in excess of 20% of their extracted juice. The energy content of oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is more than twofold that of carbohydrates. Here, we report a step change in TAG accumulation in sugarcane stem tissues achieving an average of 4.3% of their dry weight (DW) in replicated greenhouse experiments by multigene engineering. The metabolic engineering included constitutive co‐expression of wrinkled1; diacylglycerol acyltransferase1‐2; cysteine‐oleosin; and ribonucleic acid interference‐suppression of sugar‐dependent1. The TAG content in leaf tissue was also elevated by more than 400‐fold compared to non‐engineered sugarcane to an average of 8.0% of the DW and the amount of total fatty acids reached about 13% of the DW. With increasing TAG accumulation an increase of 18:1 unsaturated fatty acids was observed at the expense of 16:0 and 18:0 saturated fatty acids. Total biomass accumulation, soluble lignin, Brix and juice content were significantly reduced in the TAG hyperaccumulating sugarcane lines. Overcoming this yield drag by engineering lipid accumulation into late stem development will be critical to exceed lipid yields of current oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Parajuli
- Agronomy Department Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Genetics Institute University of Florida, IFAS Gainesville FL USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Genetics Institute University of Florida, IFAS Gainesville FL USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Gainesville FL USA
| | - Ratna Karan
- Agronomy Department Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Genetics Institute University of Florida, IFAS Gainesville FL USA
| | - Georgina Sanahuja
- Agronomy Department Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Genetics Institute University of Florida, IFAS Gainesville FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Upton NY USA
- Biosciences Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
| | - Eva Garcia‐Ruiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Urbana IL USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Urbana IL USA
| | - Stephen Long
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Urbana IL USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - John Shanklin
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Upton NY USA
- Biosciences Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Genetics Institute University of Florida, IFAS Gainesville FL USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation Gainesville FL USA
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Terán Hilares R, Dionízio RM, Prado CA, Ahmed MA, da Silva SS, Santos JC. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using hydrodynamic cavitation technology: Semi-continuous and continuous process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121777. [PMID: 31319211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of new technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a current research challenge. In this way, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was used to assist alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in sequential batches (SB-HC), semi-continuous (SC-HC) and continuous (C-HC) processes. Pretreatment resulted in compositional modifications in the material, mainly regarding the cellulose and lignin contents. The released sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis resulted, on average, in 42 g and 32-35 g of glucose per 100 g of SCB for samples treated in B-HC (10 min of process) and SC-HC process (7.5 min residence time), respectively. In C-HC process, with an average residence time of 7.5 min and 3.75 min, 38-46 g and 32-38 g of glucose per 100 g of SCB were obtained respectively in enzymatic hydrolysis step. HC technology was shown as a promising alternative for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in all evaluated configurations aiming to produce high value bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Terán Hilares
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil.
| | - R M Dionízio
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - C A Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - M A Ahmed
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, PyeongChang 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - S S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - J C Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
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Puthiyamadam A, Adarsh VP, Mallapureddy KK, Mathew A, Kumar J, Yenumala SR, Bhaskar T, Ummalyama SB, Sahoo D, Sukumaran RK. Evaluation of a wet processing strategy for mixed phumdi biomass conversion to bioethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121633. [PMID: 31248726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries typically use dry feedstock due to technical and logistic issues, but in unique cases where climatic conditions are unfavorable and where the biomass has to be processed without a holding time, wet processing might be advantageous. The present study evaluated the possibility of using the fresh (non-dried) mixed biomass harvested from Phumdis; which are floating vegetation unique to Loktak lake in Manipur, India, for bioethanol production. Pretreatment with dilute alkali (1.5% at 120 °C for 60 min) resulted in 36% lignin removal and an enhancement of cellulose content to 48% from 37%, and enzymatic hydrolysis released 25 g/L glucose. Fermentation of the hydrolysates was highly efficient at 95%, attained in 36 h and 80% in just 12 h. The new wet processing strategy could help in value addition of mixed phumdi biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Puthiyamadam
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Velayudhanpillai Prasannakumari Adarsh
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mallapureddy
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Anil Mathew
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Sudhakara Reddy Yenumala
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | | | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
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Patri AS, McAlister L, Cai CM, Kumar R, Wyman CE. CELF significantly reduces milling requirements and improves soaking effectiveness for maximum sugar recovery of Alamo switchgrass over dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:177. [PMID: 31320925 PMCID: PMC6617576 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment is effective in reducing the natural recalcitrance of plant biomass so polysaccharides in cell walls can be accessed for conversion to sugars. Furthermore, lignocellulosic biomass must typically be reduced in size to increase the pretreatment effectiveness and realize high sugar yields. However, biomass size reduction is a very energy-intensive operation and contributes significantly to the overall capital cost. RESULTS In this study, the effect of particle size reduction and biomass presoaking on the deconstruction of Alamo switchgrass was examined prior to pretreatment by dilute sulfuric acid (DSA) and Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) at pretreatment conditions optimized for maximum sugar release by each pretreatment coupled with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugar yields by enzymatic hydrolysis were measured over a range of enzyme loadings. In general, DSA successfully solubilized hemicellulose, while CELF removed nearly 80% of Klason lignin from switchgrass in addition to the majority of hemicellulose. Presoaking and particle size reduction did not have a significant impact on biomass compositions after pretreatment for both DSA and CELF. However, presoaking for 4 h slightly increased sugar yields by enzymatic hydrolysis of DSA-pretreated switchgrass compared to unsoaked samples, whereas sugar yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of CELF solids continued to increase substantially for up to 18 h of presoaking time. Of particular importance, DSA required particle size reduction by knife milling to < 2 mm in order to achieve adequate sugar yields by subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. CELF solids, on the other hand, realized nearly identical sugar yields from unmilled and milled switchgrass even at very low enzyme loadings. CONCLUSIONS CELF was capable of achieving nearly theoretical sugar yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass solids without size reduction, unlike DSA. These results indicate that CELF may be able to eliminate particle size reduction prior to pretreatment and thereby reduce overall costs of biological processing of biomass to fuels. In addition, presoaking proved much more effective for CELF than for DSA, particularly at low enzyme loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S. Patri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Laura McAlister
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
| | - Charles M. Cai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Charles E. Wyman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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Dou C, Gustafson R, Bura R. Bridging the gap between feedstock growers and users: the study of a coppice poplar-based biorefinery. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:77. [PMID: 29588662 PMCID: PMC5863363 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the biofuel industry, land productivity is important to feedstock growers and conversion process product yield is important to the biorefinery. The crop productivity, however, may not positively correlate with bioconversion yield. Therefore, it is important to evaluate sugar yield and biomass productivity. In this study, 2-year-old poplar trees harvested in the first coppice cycle, including one low-productivity hybrid and one high-productivity hybrid, were collected from two poplar tree farms. Through steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, the bioconversion yields of low- and high-productivity poplar hybrids were compared for both sites. RESULTS The low-productivity hybrids had 9-19% higher sugar yields than the high-productivity hybrids, although they have the similar chemical composition. Economic calculations show the impact on the plantation and biorefinery of using the two feedstocks. Growing a high-productivity hybrid means the land owner would use 11-26% less land (which could be used for other crops) or collect $2.53-$3.46 MM/year extra revenue from the surplus feedstock. On the other side, the biorefinery would receive 5-10% additional revenue using the low-productivity hybrid. CONCLUSION We propose a business model based on the integration of the plantation and the biorefinery. In this model, different feedstocks are assessed using a metric of product tonnage per unit land per year. Use of this new economic metric bridges the gap between feedstock growers and users to maximize the overall production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Dou
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
| | - Rick Gustafson
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 USA
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Wu W, Rondon V, Weeks K, Pullammanappallil P, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT. Phosphoric acid based pretreatment of switchgrass and fermentation of entire slurry to ethanol using a simplified process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:171-180. [PMID: 29274857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Alamo) was pretreated with phosphoric acid (0.75 and 1%, w/w) at three temperatures (160, 175 and 190 °C) and time (5, 7.5 and 10 min) using a steam gun. The slurry after pretreatment was liquefied by enzymes and the released sugars were fermented in a simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process to ethanol using ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain SL100. Among the three variables in pretreatment, temperature and time were critical in supporting ethanol titer and yield. Enzyme hydrolysis significantly increased the concentration of furans in slurries, apparently due to release of furans bound to the solids. The highest ethanol titer of 21.2 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol obtained at the pretreatment condition of 190-1-7.5 (temperature-acid concentration-time) and 10% solids loading accounted for 190 ± 2.9 g ethanol/kg of raw switch grass. This converts to 61.7 gallons of ethanol per ton of dry switchgrass, a value that is comparable to other published pretreatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Vanessa Rondon
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Kalvin Weeks
- Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | | | - Lonnie O Ingram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - K T Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Pardo-Planas O, Atiyeh HK, Phillips JR, Aichele CP, Mohammad S. Process simulation of ethanol production from biomass gasification and syngas fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:925-932. [PMID: 28931209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid gasification-syngas fermentation platform can produce more bioethanol utilizing all biomass components compared to the biochemical conversion technology. Syngas fermentation operates at mild temperatures and pressures and avoids using expensive pretreatment processes and enzymes. This study presents a new process simulation model developed with Aspen Plus® of a biorefinery based on a hybrid conversion technology for the production of anhydrous ethanol using 1200tons per day (wb) of switchgrass. The simulation model consists of three modules: gasification, fermentation, and product recovery. The results revealed a potential production of about 36.5million gallons of anhydrous ethanol per year. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to investigate the effects of gasification and fermentation parameters that are keys for the development of an efficient process in terms of energy conservation and ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pardo-Planas
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hasan K Atiyeh
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - John R Phillips
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Clint P Aichele
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sayeed Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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13
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Narani A, Coffman P, Gardner J, Li C, Ray AE, Hartley DS, Stettler A, Konda NVSNM, Simmons B, Pray TR, Tanjore D. Predictive modeling to de-risk bio-based manufacturing by adapting to variability in lignocellulosic biomass supply. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:676-685. [PMID: 28709073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercial-scale bio-refineries are designed to process 2000tons/day of single lignocellulosic biomass. Several geographical areas in the United States generate diverse feedstocks that, when combined, can be substantial for bio-based manufacturing. Blending multiple feedstocks is a strategy being investigated to expand bio-based manufacturing outside Corn Belt. In this study, we developed a model to predict continuous envelopes of biomass blends that are optimal for a given pretreatment condition to achieve a predetermined sugar yield or vice versa. For example, our model predicted more than 60% glucose yield can be achieved by treating an equal part blend of energy cane, corn stover, and switchgrass with alkali pretreatment at 120°C for 14.8h. By using ionic liquid to pretreat an equal part blend of the biomass feedstocks at 160°C for 2.2h, we achieved 87.6% glucose yield. Such a predictive model can potentially overcome dependence on a single feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Narani
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Phil Coffman
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - James Gardner
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Chenlin Li
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, United States
| | - Allison E Ray
- Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, United States
| | - Damon S Hartley
- Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, United States
| | - Allison Stettler
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - N V S N Murthy Konda
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Blake Simmons
- Biofuels and Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Todd R Pray
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (AB-PDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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14
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Willis JD, Grant JN, Mazarei M, Kline LM, Rempe CS, Collins AG, Turner GB, Decker SR, Sykes RW, Davis MF, Labbe N, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Stewart CN. The TcEG1 beetle ( Tribolium castaneum) cellulase produced in transgenic switchgrass is active at alkaline pH and auto-hydrolyzes biomass for increased cellobiose release. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:230. [PMID: 29213306 PMCID: PMC5707894 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically engineered biofuel crops, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), that produce their own cell wall-digesting cellulase enzymes would reduce costs of cellulosic biofuel production. To date, non-bioenergy plant models have been used in nearly all studies assessing the synthesis and activity of plant-produced fungal and bacterial cellulases. One potential source for cellulolytic enzyme genes is herbivorous insects adapted to digest plant cell walls. Here we examine the potential of transgenic switchgrass-produced TcEG1 cellulase from Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). This enzyme, when overproduced in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, efficiently digests cellulose at optima of 50 °C and pH 12.0. RESULTS TcEG1 that was produced in green transgenic switchgrass tissue had a range of endoglucanase activity of 0.16-0.05 units (µM glucose release/min/mg) at 50 °C and pH 12.0. TcEG1 activity from air-dried leaves was unchanged from that from green tissue, but when tissue was dried in a desiccant oven (46 °C), specific enzyme activity decreased by 60%. When transgenic biomass was "dropped-in" into an alkaline buffer (pH 12.0) and allowed to incubate at 50 °C, cellobiose release was increased up to 77% over non-transgenic biomass. Saccharification was increased in one transgenic event by 28%, which had a concurrent decrease in lignin content of 9%. Histological analysis revealed an increase in cell wall thickness with no change to cell area or perimeter. Transgenic plants produced more, albeit narrower, tillers with equivalent dry biomass as the control. CONCLUSIONS This work describes the first study in which an insect cellulase has been produced in transgenic plants; in this case, the dedicated bioenergy crop switchgrass. Switchgrass overexpressing the TcEG1 gene appeared to be morphologically similar to its non-transgenic control and produced equivalent dry biomass. Therefore, we propose TcEG1 transgenics could be bred with other transgenic germplasm (e.g., low-lignin lines) to yield new switchgrass with synergistically reduced recalcitrance to biofuel production. In addition, transgenes for other cell wall degrading enzymes may be stacked with TcEG1 in switchgrass to yield complementary cell wall digestion features and complete auto-hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Willis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Joshua N. Grant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Lindsey M. Kline
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Caroline S. Rempe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - A. Grace Collins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Geoffrey B. Turner
- The National Research Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Stephen R. Decker
- The National Research Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- The National Research Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Mark F. Davis
- The National Research Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Nicole Labbe
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Juan L. Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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15
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Luque L, Oudenhoven S, Westerhof R, van Rossum G, Berruti F, Kersten S, Rehmann L. Comparison of ethanol production from corn cobs and switchgrass following a pyrolysis-based biorefinery approach. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:242. [PMID: 28702087 PMCID: PMC5505144 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main obstacles in lignocellulosic ethanol production is the necessity of pretreatment and fractionation of the biomass feedstocks to produce sufficiently pure fermentable carbohydrates. In addition, the by-products (hemicellulose and lignin fraction) are of low value, when compared to dried distillers grains (DDG), the main by-product of corn ethanol. Fast pyrolysis is an alternative thermal conversion technology for processing biomass. It has recently been optimized to produce a stream rich in levoglucosan, a fermentable glucose precursor for biofuel production. Additional product streams might be of value to the petrochemical industry. However, biomass heterogeneity is known to impact the composition of pyrolytic product streams, as a complex mixture of aromatic compounds is recovered with the sugars, interfering with subsequent fermentation. The present study investigates the feasibility of fast pyrolysis to produce fermentable pyrolytic glucose from two abundant lignocellulosic biomass sources in Ontario, switchgrass (potential energy crop) and corn cobs (by-product of corn industry). RESULTS Demineralization of biomass removes catalytic centers and increases the levoglucosan yield during pyrolysis. The ash content of biomass was significantly decreased by 82-90% in corn cobs when demineralized with acetic or nitric acid, respectively. In switchgrass, a reduction of only 50% for both acids could be achieved. Conversely, levoglucosan production increased 9- and 14-fold in corn cobs when rinsed with acetic and nitric acid, respectively, and increased 11-fold in switchgrass regardless of the acid used. After pyrolysis, different configurations for upgrading the pyrolytic sugars were assessed and the presence of potentially inhibitory compounds was approximated at each step as double integral of the UV spectrum signal of an HPLC assay. The results showed that water extraction followed by acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction was the best upgrading strategy. Ethanol yields achieved based on initial cellulose fraction were 27.8% in switchgrass and 27.0% in corn cobs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ethanol production from switchgrass and corn cobs is possible following a combined thermochemical and fermentative biorefinery approach, with ethanol yields comparable to results in conventional pretreatments and fermentation processes. The feedstock-independent fermentation ability can easily be assessed with a simple assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luque
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON Canada
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, University of Western Ontario, 22312 Wonderland Road, Ilderton, ON Canada
| | - Stijn Oudenhoven
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Westerhof
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Guus van Rossum
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franco Berruti
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, University of Western Ontario, 22312 Wonderland Road, Ilderton, ON Canada
| | - Sascha Kersten
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON Canada
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources, University of Western Ontario, 22312 Wonderland Road, Ilderton, ON Canada
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16
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Suko AV, Bura R. Enhanced Xylitol and Ethanol Yields by Fermentation Inhibitors in Steam-Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Vajzovic Suko
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Renata Bura
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA
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17
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Neves PV, Pitarelo AP, Ramos LP. Production of cellulosic ethanol from sugarcane bagasse by steam explosion: Effect of extractives content, acid catalysis and different fermentation technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 208:184-194. [PMID: 26943936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of cellulosic ethanol was carried out using samples of native (NCB) and ethanol-extracted (EECB) sugarcane bagasse. Autohydrolysis (AH) exhibited the best glucose recovery from both samples, compared to the use of both H3PO4 and H2SO4 catalysis at the same pretreatment time and temperature. All water-insoluble steam-exploded materials (SEB-WI) resulted in high glucose yields by enzymatic hydrolysis. SHF (separate hydrolysis and fermentation) gave ethanol yields higher than those obtained by SSF (simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation) and pSSF (pre-hydrolysis followed by SSF). For instance, AH gave 25, 18 and 16 g L(-1) of ethanol by SHF, SSF and pSSF, respectively. However, when the total processing time was taken into account, pSSF provided the best overall ethanol volumetric productivity of 0.58 g L(-1) h(-1). Also, the removal of ethanol-extractable materials from cane bagasse had no influence on the cellulosic ethanol production of SEB-WI, regardless of the fermentation strategy used for conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Neves
- Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A P Pitarelo
- Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Ramos
- Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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18
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Sui W, Chen H. Effects of water states on steam explosion of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:155-163. [PMID: 26364827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The work aimed to identify the complexity and roles of water states in steam explosion process of corn stalk to enhance the treatment efficiency. Results showed that two main water states with different mobility existed in corn stalk and influenced steam explosion treatment. By correlating dynamic water states data to feedstock mechanical properties and treatment process characteristics, the bound water being the excellent plasticizer that reduced the mechanical strength of fibers by over 30%, was conducive to treatment; while, the free water presenting buffering effects in treatment by hindering heat transfer which was reflected by the increase of temperature rising time by 1.29 folds and steam consumption by 2.18 folds, was not conducive. The distinguished point of these two waters was fiber saturated point. By considering treatment efficacy and energy consumption, the significance of fiber saturated point was highlighted as the optimal water states for steam explosion of corn stalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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19
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Velmurugan R, Incharoensakdi A. Proper ultrasound treatment increases ethanol production from simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the saccharification and fermentation processes, proper ultrasound was applied which resulted in the presence of cellulase complex with improved β-glucosidase ratio leading to enhanced overall ethanol yield.
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20
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Tan HT, Corbin KR, Fincher GB. Emerging Technologies for the Production of Renewable Liquid Transport Fuels from Biomass Sources Enriched in Plant Cell Walls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1854. [PMID: 28018390 PMCID: PMC5161040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are composed predominantly of cellulose, a range of non-cellulosic polysaccharides and lignin. The walls account for a large proportion not only of crop residues such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse, but also of residues of the timber industry and specialist grasses and other plants being grown specifically for biofuel production. The polysaccharide components of plant cell walls have long been recognized as an extraordinarily large source of fermentable sugars that might be used for the production of bioethanol and other renewable liquid transport fuels. Estimates place annual plant cellulose production from captured light energy in the order of hundreds of billions of tons. Lignin is synthesized in the same order of magnitude and, as a very large polymer of phenylpropanoid residues, lignin is also an abundant, high energy macromolecule. However, one of the major functions of these cell wall constituents in plants is to provide the extreme tensile and compressive strengths that enable plants to resist the forces of gravity and a broad range of other mechanical forces. Over millions of years these wall constituents have evolved under natural selection to generate extremely tough and resilient biomaterials. The rapid degradation of these tough cell wall composites to fermentable sugars is therefore a difficult task and has significantly slowed the development of a viable lignocellulose-based biofuels industry. However, good progress has been made in overcoming this so-called recalcitrance of lignocellulosic feedstocks for the biofuels industry, through modifications to the lignocellulose itself, innovative pre-treatments of the biomass, improved enzymes and the development of superior yeasts and other microorganisms for the fermentation process. Nevertheless, it has been argued that bioethanol might not be the best or only biofuel that can be generated from lignocellulosic biomass sources and that hydrocarbons with intrinsically higher energy densities might be produced using emerging and continuous flow systems that are capable of converting a broad range of plant and other biomasses to bio-oils through so-called 'agnostic' technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction. Continued attention to regulatory frameworks and ongoing government support will be required for the next phase of development of internationally viable biofuels industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Ting Tan
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Kendall R. Corbin
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford ParkSA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B. Fincher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen OsmondSA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Geoffrey B. Fincher,
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21
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Silveira MHL, Morais ARC, da Costa Lopes AM, Olekszyszen DN, Bogel-Łukasik R, Andreaus J, Pereira Ramos L. Current Pretreatment Technologies for the Development of Cellulosic Ethanol and Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3366-90. [PMID: 26365899 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials, such as forest, agriculture, and agroindustrial residues, are among the most important resources for biorefineries to provide fuels, chemicals, and materials in such a way to substitute for, at least in part, the role of petrochemistry in modern society. Most of these sustainable biorefinery products can be produced from plant polysaccharides (glucans, hemicelluloses, starch, and pectic materials) and lignin. In this scenario, cellulosic ethanol has been considered for decades as one of the most promising alternatives to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. However, a pretreatment method is required to overcome the physical and chemical barriers that exist in the lignin-carbohydrate composite and to render most, if not all, of the plant cell wall components easily available for conversion into valuable products, including the fuel ethanol. Hence, pretreatment is a key step for an economically viable biorefinery. Successful pretreatment method must lead to partial or total separation of the lignocellulosic components, increasing the accessibility of holocellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis with the least inhibitory compounds being released for subsequent steps of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Each pretreatment technology has a different specificity against both carbohydrates and lignin and may or may not be efficient for different types of biomasses. Furthermore, it is also desirable to develop pretreatment methods with chemicals that are greener and effluent streams that have a lower impact on the environment. This paper provides an overview of the most important pretreatment methods available, including those that are based on the use of green solvents (supercritical fluids and ionic liquids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita C Morais
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Andre M da Costa Lopes
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Rafał Bogel-Łukasik
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jürgen Andreaus
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89012 900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
- INCT Energy and Environment (INCT E&A), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná.
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22
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Scholl AL, Menegol D, Pitarelo AP, Fontana RC, Zandoná Filho A, Ramos LP, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Ethanol production from sugars obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) pretreated by steam explosion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:228-37. [PMID: 26038327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, steam explosion was used a pretreatment method to improve the conversion of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) to cellulosic ethanol. This way, enzymatic hydrolysis of vaccum-drained and water-washed steam-treated substrates was carried out with Penicillium echinulatum enzymes while Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT-1 was used for fermentation. After 48 h of hydrolysis, the highest yield of reducing sugars was obtained from vaccum-drained steam-treated substrates that were produced after 10 min at 200 °C (863.42 ± 62.52 mg/g). However, the highest glucose yield was derived from water-washed steam-treated substrates that were produced after 10 min at 190 °C (248.34 ± 6.27 mg/g) and 200 °C (246.00 ± 9.60 mg/g). Nevertheless, the highest ethanol production was obtained from water-washed steam-treated substrates that were produced after 6 min at 200 °C. These data revealed that water washing is a critical step for ethanol production from steam-treated elephant grass and that pretreatment generates a great deal of water soluble inhibitory compounds for hydrolysis and fermentation, which were partly characterized as part of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Luisi Scholl
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Daiane Menegol
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pitarelo
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Cane Technology Center (CTC), Fazenda Santo Antônio, Piracicaba, SP 13400-907, Brazil.
| | - Roselei Claudete Fontana
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Arion Zandoná Filho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; INCT in Energy and Environment (INCT E&A), Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil.
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23
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Fernandes MC, Ferro MD, Paulino AFC, Mendes JAS, Gravitis J, Evtuguin DV, Xavier AMRB. Enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from Cynara cardunculus pretreated by steam explosion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:309-315. [PMID: 25836040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The correct choice of the specific lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment allows obtaining high biomass conversions for biorefinery implementations and cellulosic bioethanol production from renewable resources. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) pretreated by steam explosion (SE) was involved in second-generation bioethanol production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. Steam explosion pretreatment led to partial solubilisation of hemicelluloses and increased the accessibility of residual polysaccharides towards enzymatic hydrolysis revealing 64% of sugars yield against 11% from untreated plant material. Alkaline extraction after SE pretreatment of cardoon (CSEOH) promoted partial removal of degraded lignin, tannins, extractives and hemicelluloses thus allowing to double glucose concentration upon saccharification step. Bioethanol fermentation in SSF mode was faster than SHF process providing the best results: ethanol concentration 18.7 g L(-1), fermentation efficiency of 66.6% and a yield of 26.6g ethanol/100 g CSEOH or 10.1 g ethanol/100 g untreated cardoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fernandes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - Miguel D Ferro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana F C Paulino
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Joana A S Mendes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janis Gravitis
- Laboratory of Eco-Effective Conversion, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M R B Xavier
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Olsen C, Arantes V, Saddler J. Optimization of chip size and moisture content to obtain high, combined sugar recovery after sulfur dioxide-catalyzed steam pretreatment of softwood and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic component. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:288-298. [PMID: 25863206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of chip size and moisture content on the combined sugar recovery after steam pretreatment of lodgepole pine and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic component were investigated using response surface methodology. Chip size had little influence on sugar recovery after both steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In contrast, the moisture of the chips greatly influenced the relative severity of steam pretreatment and, as a result, the combined sugar recovery from the hemicellulosic and cellulosic fractions. Irrespective of chip size and the pretreatment temperature, time, and SO2 loading that were used, the relative severity of pretreatment was highest at a moisture of 30-40w/w%. However, the predictive model indicated that an elevated moisture content of roughly 50w/w% (about the moisture content of a standard softwood mill chip) would result in the highest, combined sugar recovery (80%) over the widest range of steam pretreatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Olsen
- Neucel Specialty Cellulose Ltd, PO Box 2000, 300 Marine Drive, Port Alice, BC V0N 2N0, Canada.
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n, CP 116, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forestry Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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25
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Sui W, Chen H. Study on loading coefficient in steam explosion process of corn stalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:534-542. [PMID: 25576989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The object of this work was to evaluate the effect of loading coefficient on steam explosion process and efficacy of corn stalk. Loading coefficient's relation with loading pattern and material property was first revealed, then its effect on transfer process and pretreatment efficacy of steam explosion was assessed by established models and enzymatic hydrolysis tests, respectively, in order to propose its optimization strategy for improving the process economy. Results showed that loading coefficient was mainly determined by loading pattern, moisture content and chip size. Both compact loading pattern and low moisture content improved the energy efficiency of steam explosion pretreatment and overall sugar yield of pretreated materials, indicating that they are desirable to improve the process economy. Pretreatment of small chip size showed opposite effects in pretreatment energy efficiency and enzymatic hydrolysis performance, thus its optimization should be balanced in investigated aspects according to further techno-economical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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26
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Singh J, Suhag M, Dhaka A. Augmented digestion of lignocellulose by steam explosion, acid and alkaline pretreatment methods: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:624-631. [PMID: 25498680 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials can be explored as one of the sustainable substrates for bioethanol production through microbial intervention as they are abundant, cheap and renewable. But at the same time, their recalcitrant structure makes the conversion process more cumbersome owing to their chemical composition which adversely affects the efficiency of bioethanol production. Therefore, the technical approaches to overcome recalcitrance of biomass feedstock has been developed to remove the barriers with the help of pretreatment methods which make cellulose more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes, secreted by the microorganisms, for its conversion to glucose. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in cost effective manner is a major challenge to bioethanol technology research and development. Hence, in this review, we have discussed various aspects of three commonly used pretreatment methods, viz., steam explosion, acid and alkaline, applied on various lignocellulosic biomasses to augment their digestibility alongwith the challenges associated with their processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joginder Singh
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Botany, A. I. Jat H. M. College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Suhag
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Anil Dhaka
- PNRS Government College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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27
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Li J, Lin J, Zhou P, Wu K, Liu H, Xiong C, Gong Y, Xiao W, Liu Z. One-pot simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: a preliminary study of a novel configuration for cellulosic ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:171-8. [PMID: 24704838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Combination of size reduction and mild alkali pretreatment may be a feasible way to produce bioethanol without rinsing and detoxifying the solid substrate. Based on that, a fermentation configuration named one-pot SSF in which pretreatment and fermentation steps were integrated was developed. Additionally, the effect of laccase on fermentation performance was investigated. Delignification was the major effect of the alkali pretreatment at 121°C for 60min. The highest glucose and xylose yield, which obtained from the smallest particle at a substrate loading of 2%, was 6.75 and 2.71g/L, respectively. Laccase improved the fermentation efficiency by 6.8% for one-pot SSF and 5.7% for SSF. Bioethanol from one-pot SSF with laccase supplementation reached 67.56% of the theoretical maximum, whereas that from SSF with laccase supplementation reached 57.27%. One-pot SSF might be a promising configuration to produce bioethanol because of 100% solid recovery, and rinsing water and detoxification elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Jianghai Lin
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kejing Wu
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Xiong
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yingxue Gong
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Xiao
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zehuan Liu
- Research Center for Molecular Biology, Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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28
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Optimization of Endoglucanase and Xylanase Activities from Fusarium verticillioides for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1332-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Ewanick SM, Thompson WJ, Marquardt BJ, Bura R. Real-time understanding of lignocellulosic bioethanol fermentation by Raman spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:28. [PMID: 23425590 PMCID: PMC3586367 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial barrier to commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol production is a lack of process specific sensors and associated control strategies that are essential for economic viability. Current sensors and analytical techniques require lengthy offline analysis or are easily fouled in situ. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to continuously monitor fermentation reactants and products, maximizing efficiency and allowing for improved process control. RESULTS In this paper we show that glucose and ethanol in a lignocellulosic fermentation can be accurately monitored by a 785 nm Raman spectroscopy instrument and novel immersion probe, even in the presence of an elevated background thought to be caused by lignin-derived compounds. Chemometric techniques were used to reduce the background before generating calibration models for glucose and ethanol concentration. The models show very good correlation between the real-time Raman spectra and the offline HPLC validation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the changing ethanol and glucose concentrations during lignocellulosic fermentation processes can be monitored in real-time, allowing for optimization and control of large scale bioconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Ewanick
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wesley J Thompson
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian J Marquardt
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Liu W, Hou Y, Wu W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Tian S, Marsh KN. Efficient Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose, Levulinic Acid, and Other Products in Hot Water Using SO2 as a Recoverable Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302317t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yucui Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031,
China
| | - Weize Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kenneth N. Marsh
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western
Australia 6009, Australia
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31
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Kumar L, Tooyserkani Z, Sokhansanj S, Saddler JN. Does densification influence the steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of softwoods to sugars? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:190-198. [PMID: 22858485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The global trade in wood pellets continues to grow. However, their potential as a feedstock for large scale cellulosic ethanol production has not been evaluated. We anticipated that the reduced moisture content and pressure exerted on the wood biomass during the pelletisation process would result in some carbohydrate loss as well as making the biomass more recalcitrant to pretreatment and subsequent hydrolysis. However, when softwood chips and pellets were steam pretreated at medium severity, little hemicellulose loss occurred while more than two-thirds of the cellulose present in the cellulose rich water insoluble fractions were hydrolysed (at 20 FPU cellulase/g cellulose). In addition, prior steaming substantially reduced the particle size of the wood chips enabling direct pelletisation without the need for grinding. Surprisingly, it was also possible to apply a single steam pretreatment to facilitate both pelletisation and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis without the need for a further pretreatment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linoj Kumar
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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32
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Rabelo SC, Vaz Rossell CE, de Moraes Rocha GJ, Zacchi G. Enhancement of the enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by steam pretreatment impregnated with hydrogen peroxide. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1207-17. [PMID: 22753357 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was subjected to steam pretreatment impregnated with hydrogen peroxide. Analyses were performed using 2(3) factorial designs and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at two different solid concentrations and with washed and unwashed material to evaluate the importance of this step for obtaining high cellulose conversion. Similar cellulose conversion were obtained at different conditions of pretreatment and hydrolysis. When the cellulose was hydrolyzed using the pretreated material in the most severe conditions of the experimental design (210 °C, 15 min and 1.0% hydrogen peroxide), and using 2% (w/w) water-insoluble solids (WIS), and 15 FPU/g WIS, the cellulose conversion was 86.9%. In contrast, at a milder pretreatment condition (190 °C, 15 min and 0.2% hydrogen peroxide) and industrially more realistic conditions of hydrolysis (10% WIS and 10 FPU/g WIS), the cellulose conversion reached 82.2%. The step of washing the pretreated material was very important to obtain high concentrations of fermentable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Cândida Rabelo
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol - CTBE/CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6170, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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33
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lin M, Lin Z. Global regulator engineering significantly improvedEscherichia colitolerances toward inhibitors of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3133-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Dogaris I, Gkounta O, Mamma D, Kekos D. Bioconversion of dilute-acid pretreated sorghum bagasse to ethanol by Neurospora crassa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Bura R, Vajzovic A, Doty SL. Novel endophytic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain PTD3 I: production of xylitol and ethanol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1003-11. [PMID: 22399239 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain PTD3, that was isolated from stems of hybrid poplar was found to be capable of production of xylitol from xylose, of ethanol from glucose, galactose, and mannose, and of arabitol from arabinose. The utilization of 30 g/L of each of the five sugars during fermentation by PTD3 was studied in liquid batch cultures. Glucose-acclimated PTD3 produced enhanced yields of xylitol (67% of theoretical yield) from xylose and of ethanol (84, 86, and 94% of theoretical yield, respectively) from glucose, galactose, and mannose. Additionally, this yeast was capable of metabolizing high concentrations of mixed sugars (150 g/L), with high yields of xylitol (61% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (83% of theoretical yield). A 1:1 glucose:xylose ratio with 30 g/L of each during double sugar fermentation did not affect PTD3's ability to produce high yields of xylitol (65% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (92% of theoretical yield). Surprisingly, the highest yields of xylitol (76% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (100% of theoretical yield) were observed during fermentation of sugars present in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained after steam pretreatment of a mixture of hybrid poplar and Douglas fir. PTD3 demonstrated an exceptional ability to ferment the hydrolysate, overcome hexose repression of xylose utilization with a short lag period of 10 h, and tolerate sugar degradation products. In direct comparison, PTD3 had higher xylitol yields from the mixed sugar hydrolysate compared with the widely studied and used xylitol producer Candida guilliermondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bura
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA.
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36
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da Cruz SH, Dien BS, Nichols NN, Saha BC, Cotta MA. Hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using response surface methodology improves digestibility and ethanol production by SSF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:439-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was characterized as a feedstock for the production of ethanol using hydrothermal pretreatment. Reaction temperature and time were varied between 160 and 200°C and 5–20 min, respectively, using a response surface experimental design. The liquid fraction was analyzed for soluble carbohydrates and furan aldehydes. The solid fraction was analyzed for structural carbohydrates and Klason lignin. Pretreatment conditions were evaluated based on enzymatic extraction of glucose and xylose and conversion to ethanol using a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation scheme. SSF experiments were conducted with the washed pretreated biomass. The severity of the pretreatment should be sufficient to drive enzymatic digestion and ethanol yields, however, sugars losses and especially sugar conversion into furans needs to be minimized. As expected, furfural production increased with pretreatment severity and specifically xylose release. However, provided that the severity was kept below a general severity factor of 4.0, production of furfural was below an inhibitory concentration and carbohydrate contents were preserved in the pretreated whole hydrolysate. There were significant interactions between time and temperature for all the responses except cellulose digestion. The models were highly predictive for cellulose digestibility (R2 = 0.8861) and for ethanol production (R2 = 0.9581), but less so for xylose extraction. Both cellulose digestion and ethanol production increased with severity, however, high levels of furfural generated under more severe pretreatment conditions favor lower severity pretreatments. The optimal pretreatment condition that gave the highest conversion yield of ethanol, while minimizing furfural production, was judged to be 190°C and 17.2 min. The whole hydrolysate was also converted to ethanol using SSF. To reduce the concentration of inhibitors, the liquid fraction was conditioned prior to fermentation by removing inhibitory chemicals using the fungus Coniochaeta ligniaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Helena da Cruz
- grid.11899.38 0000000419370722 Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo PO Box 9 Av. Padua Dias, 11 CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruce S Dien
- grid.463419.d 0000000404040958 Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service 1815 N. University Street 61604 Peoria IL USA
| | - Nancy N Nichols
- grid.463419.d 0000000404040958 Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service 1815 N. University Street 61604 Peoria IL USA
| | - Badal C Saha
- grid.463419.d 0000000404040958 Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service 1815 N. University Street 61604 Peoria IL USA
| | - Michael A Cotta
- grid.463419.d 0000000404040958 Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service 1815 N. University Street 61604 Peoria IL USA
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37
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Schmitt E, Bura R, Gustafson R, Cooper J, Vajzovic A. Converting lignocellulosic solid waste into ethanol for the State of Washington: an investigation of treatment technologies and environmental impacts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:400-9. [PMID: 22119432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is little research literature on the conversion of lignocellulosic rich waste streams to ethanol, and even fewer have investigated both the technical aspects and environmental impacts together. This study assessed technical and environmental challenges of converting three lignocellulosic waste streams to ethanol: municipal solid waste (MSW), low grade mixed waste paper (MWP), and organic yard waste (YW). Experimental results showed high conversion yields for all three streams using suitable conversion methods. Environmental impacts are highly dependent on conversion technology, and process conditions used. Life cycle assessment results showed that both chemicals production and waste collection are important factors to be included within a waste-to-ethanol study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Schmitt
- School of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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38
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Shi J, Ebrik MA, Wyman CE. Sugar yields from dilute sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide pretreatments and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8930-8. [PMID: 21835614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dacotah switchgrass was pretreated with sulfuric acid concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt.% at 140, 160, and 180 °C and with 1 and 3 wt.% sulfur dioxide at 180 °C over a range of times. Sulfur dioxide loadings of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%wt.% of dry biomass were also tested at 180 °C for 10 min. Sugar yields were tracked for pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to identify conditions for the highest total sugar yields. Pretreatment with 1 wt.% dilute sulfuric acid at 140 °C for 40 min followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with 48.6 mg enzyme/g initial glucan in raw biomass resulted in ∼86% of theoretical yield for glucose and xylose combined. For sulfur dioxide pretreatment, the highest total sugar yield of about 87% occurred at 5% SO₂ for 10 min and 180 °C. However, xylose yields were higher at shorter times and glucose yields at longer times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, USA
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