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Wang J, Wang Y, Yu F, Wang J, Wang X, Luo J, He C, Cui X, Yan B, Chen G. Efficient reclamation of phosphorus from wetland biomass waste via liquid-recirculated hydrothermal carbonization and precipitation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122278. [PMID: 39173350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the recovery of phosphorus (P) from biomass wastes has attracted considerable attention, while migration of P to the liquid phase greatly weakened P recovery efficiency and elevated the environmental risk. Therefore, a systematic scheme was proposed in this work to accomplish the complete reclamation of P from wetland plant (Ceratophyllum demersum) through coupling liquid-recirculated HTC mediated by H2O or H2SO4 with precipitation, and the migration and speciation of P during this process was determined by P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and the modified sequential extraction. The P concentration in the liquid phase increased with the recirculation of HTC process water, and reached up to 550.6 mg L-1. >98.1 % of P in the recirculated liquid products was recovered in the forms of hydroxyapatite and struvite with the HTC mediums of H2O and H2SO4, respectively, without the addition of exogenous metals. In addition to the production of P compounds, P-enriched hydrochar was simultaneously obtained during this process. The HTC medium and liquid recirculation had profound impact on the hydrochar characteristics and the transformation of P. Hydroxyapatite and magnesium phosphate were the dominant P species in the hydrochars derived from H2O-mediated HTC, while FePO4 and other Ca-P species [Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2] dominated the P compounds in the H2SO4-mediated hydrochar. These results suggest that coupling liquid-recirculated HTC and precipitation could be a promising strategy for P reclamation, which could provide new insights into the P recovery from biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, MEE, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
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2
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Singh J, Verma M. Waste derived modified biochar as promising functional material for enhanced water remediation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117999. [PMID: 38154567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The waste management and water purification are daunting environmental challenges. Biochar, a carbonaceous material prepared from diverse organic waste (agricultural, household residues and municipal sewage sludge) has garnered substantial attention due to its excellent attributes, including carbon content, cation exchange efficacy, ample specific surface area, and structural robustness. Thus, the present review comprehensively analyzes bio waste-derived biochar with a particular emphasis on water remediation applications. This article primarily delves into various strategies for modifying biochar, elucidating the underlying mechanisms behind these modifications and their potential for bolstering pollutant removal efficiency. Furthermore, it addresses the impact of functionalization on both biochar stability and cost for commercialization. Lastly, the article outlines key developments, SWOT analysis, and future prospects, offering insights into the practical execution of biochar applications at a larger scale. Therefore, this article paves the way for future research to deepen the understanding of modified biochar with mechanisms for exploring water remediation applications in a more sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali - 140413 , Punjab, India.
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali - 140413 , Punjab, India.
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Tian Z, Wang X, Li Y, Xi Y, He M, Guo Y. Co-inoculation of Soybean Seedling with Trichoderma asperellum and Irpex laceratus Promotes the Absorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:87. [PMID: 38311653 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Soybean are one of the main oil crops in the world. The study demonstrated that co-inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum (Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae) and Irpex laceratus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) isolated from Kosteletzkya virginica can promote the growth of soybean seedlings. The two fungi were found to produce various enzymes, including cellulase, amylase, laccase, protease, and urease. Upon inoculation, T. asperellum mainly colonized within the phloem of the roots in soybean seedlings, while I. laceratus mainly in the xylem and phloem of the roots. Physiological parameters, such as plant height, root length, and fresh weight, were significantly increased in soybean seedlings co-inoculated with T. asperellum and I. laceratus. Moreover, the expression of key genes related to N and P absorption and metabolism was also increased, leading to improved N and P utilization efficiency in soybean seedlings. These results indicate that the two fungi may have complementary roles in promoting plant growth, co-inoculation with T. asperellum and I. laceratus can enhance the growth and nutrient uptake of soybean. These findings suggest that T. asperellum and I. laceratus have the potential to be used as bio-fertilizers to improve soybean growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Xi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengting He
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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4
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Chen S, Hao HC, Zhang SZ, Jiang H. Selectively retaining nutrients in biochar in magnesium added two-zone staged copyrolysis of blue algae and corn gluten wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117583. [PMID: 36848804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of blue algae (BA) and corn gluten (CG) wastes and the simultaneous recovery of abundant phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) by pyrolysis to obtain biochars with high fertility is a promising strategy. However, pyrolysis of BA or CG alone by a conventional reactor cannot reach the target. Herein, we propose a novel MgO-enhanced N and P recovery method by designing a two-zone staged pyrolysis reactor to highly efficiently recover N and P with easily available plant forms in BA and CG. The results show that a 94.58% total phosphorus (TP) retention rate was achieved by means of the special two-zone staged pyrolysis method, in which the effective P (Mg2PO4(OH) and R-NH-P) accounted for 52.9% of TP, while the total nitrogen (TN) reached 4.1 wt%. In this process, stable P was formed first at 400 °C to avoid rapid volatilization and then to form hydroxyl P at 800 °C. Meanwhile, Mg-BA char in the lower zone can efficiently absorb N-containing gas generated by the upper CG, forming dispersible N. This work is of great significance for improving the green utilization value of P and N in BA and CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong-Chao Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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5
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Sen A, Bakshi BR. Techno-economic and life cycle analysis of circular phosphorus systems in agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162016. [PMID: 36775165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer runoff is a global nuisance that disrupts biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus. We perform techno-economic and life cycle analyses of selected approaches for enabling a circular economy of phosphorus. We consider four schemes: capturing P with ion-exchange resins followed by precipitation, interception by wetland and recovery in char after biomass pyrolysis, removal by bioreactor and recovery in char after bioreactor substrate pyrolysis, and using legacy phosphorus accumulated in a saturated wetland to grow crops by wetlaculture. For each system, we analyze the mass flow, calculate the degree of circularity, and examine the feasibility by techno-economic and life cycle analyses. We find that although ion exchange outperforms the others, the associated economic and emissions burden are too high. Approaches that rely on wetlands are most economically attractive and can have lower impact. However, without policy interventions, the linear economy of phosphorus is likely to remain economically most attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhavik R Bakshi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Egg White-Mediated Fabrication of Mg/Al-LDH-Hard Biochar Composite for Phosphate Adsorption. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248951. [PMID: 36558084 PMCID: PMC9781947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main causes of water eutrophication. Hard biochar is considered a promising phosphate adsorbent, but its application is limited by its textural properties and low adsorption capacity. Here, an adhesion approach in a mixed suspension containing egg white is proposed for preparing the hybrid material of Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) and almond shell biochar (ASB), named L-AE or L-A (with or without egg white). Several techniques, including XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR and N2 adsorption/desorption, were used to characterize the structure and adsorption behavior of the modified adsorbents. The filament-like material contained nitrogen elements at a noticed level, indicating that egg white was the crosslinker that mediated the formation of the L-AE hybrid material. The L-AE had a higher phosphate adsorption rate with a higher equilibrium adsorption capacity than the L-A. The saturation phosphate adsorption capacity of L-AE was nearly three times higher than that of L-A. Furthermore, the number of surface groups and the density of the positively charged surface sites follow the ASB < L-A < L-AE order, which is consistent with their phosphate adsorption performance. The study may offer an efficient approach to improving hard biochar’s adsorption performance in wastewater treatment.
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7
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Li T, Song F, Wu F, Huang X, Bai Y. Heterogeneous Dynamic Behavior and Synergetic Evolution Mechanism of Internal Components and Released Gases during the Pyrolysis of Aquatic Biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13595-13606. [PMID: 36102145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of gaseous contaminants from biomass pyrolysis has drawn increasing attention. However, the thermal degradation, dynamics, and synergetic evolution mechanisms during real-time biomass pyrolysis remain unclear. Herein, a novel method using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC/MS) combined with thermal kinetics and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was proposed to explore the chemical properties and temperature response mechanisms of gaseous species released during Phragmites communis (PC) and Typha angustifolia (TA) pyrolysis. The thermal degradation mechanisms of PC/TA pyrolysis were mainly associated with the sigmoidal rate and random nucleation mechanisms. The formation intensities of alcohols/ethers, phenols/esters, acids, aldehydes, and ketones were higher during low-temperature TA pyrolysis and high-temperature PC pyrolysis. The average carbon oxidation state (OS¯C) of gaseous species mainly ranged from -1.5 to -0.5, and the OS¯C slope of most gaseous species was greater than -2.0, which was related to the reduction of aldehyde/ketone groups. Two-dimensional (2D)-TG-FTIR-COS analysis revealed that the sequential temperature response of gaseous species followed: acids → phenols, esters → aldehydes → hydrocarbons → alcohols, ethers → aromatics during PC/TA pyrolysis. The establishment of relationships between the sequential response of gases and degraded components provides an important basis for online monitoring/recovery of gaseous contaminants during biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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8
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Chen G, Wang J, Yu F, Wang X, Xiao H, Yan B, Cui X. A review on the production of P-enriched hydro/bio-char from solid waste: Transformation of P and applications of hydro/bio-char. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134646. [PMID: 35436456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a necessary element for plant growth and animal health. Most P utilized by anthropogenic activities is released within the generation of various solid wastes such as sewage sludge, animal manure, and wetland plant, which increase the risk of water contamination. (Hydro)thermal treatment could be employed for solid waste treatment with the production of value-added hydro/bio-char, and the behavior of P during the thermochemical treatment process is critical for the further utilization of hydro/bio-char. This study provides a systematic review of the migration and transformation mechanisms of P during thermochemical treatment of various solid wastes, and special emphasis is given to the potential applications of P-enriched hydro/bio-char. Future challenges and perspectives in the thermal treatment of P-enriched solid waste are presented as well. The distribution and speciation of P were affected by feedstock properties, thermal technique, and reaction conditions, correspondingly affecting hydro/bio-char applications. The derived P-enriched hydro/bio-char was mainly applied as an agricultural soil amendment, P recovery source, and heavy metal sorbent, which could be adjusted by varying treatment process parameters. Additionally, potentially toxic substances, such as heavy metals in the solid waste, should be addressed during the production and application of hydro/bio-char. Overall, the production of P-enriched hydro/bio-char from solid waste is a promising route to simultaneously achieve P reclamation and solid waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Investigation of Synergistic Effects and Kinetics on Co-Pyrolysis of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Waste Tires. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127101. [PMID: 35742352 PMCID: PMC9222625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A thermogravimetric analysis is used to analyze the thermal kinetics and investigate the synergistic effects between Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) and waste tires (WTS) in a temperature range of 50-900 °C under three heating rates (15, 25, and 35 °C/min). Two model-free methods (FWO and KAS) and a model-fitting method (CR) were applied to calculate the activation energy. Results revealed that heating rates had no significant effect on the pyrolysis operation. The addition of WTS improved the thermal degradation of the samples as the samples had more than one stage during the main reaction period. A promoting synergistic effect was found in the blend 75A25WT and obtained the lowest activation energy among all the blends without a catalyst, while the blend 50A50WT exhibited an inhibiting effect. On the other hand, the addition of HZSM-5 accelerated the reaction time and obtained the lowest activation energy among all the blends without a catalyst. Furthermore, ΔW of 75A25WT+C was the lowest, indicating that the blend with a catalyst exhibited the strongest synergistic effect. This research confirmed that the addition of WTS improved the thermal parameters of the samples and clarified the capacity of HZSM-5 to reduce the activation energy.
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Gbouri I, Yu F, Wang X, Wang J, Cui X, Hu Y, Yan B, Chen G. Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge and Wetland Biomass Waste for Biochar Production: Behaviors of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052818. [PMID: 35270520 PMCID: PMC8909961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of sewage sludge (SS) and wetland plant wastes are generated in the wastewater treatment system worldwide. The conversion of these solid wastes into biochar through co-pyrolysis could be a promising resource utilization scheme. In this study, biochar was prepared by co-pyrolysis of SS and reed (Phragmites australis, RD) using a modified muffle furnace device under different temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C) and with different mixing ratios (25, 50, and 75 wt.% RD). The physicochemical properties of biochar and the transformation behaviors of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process were studied. Compared with single SS pyrolysis, the biochar derived from SS-RD co-pyrolysis had lower yield and ash content, higher pH, C content, and aromatic structure. The addition of RD could reduce the total P content of biochar and promote the transformation from non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) to apatite phosphorus (AP). In addition, co-pyrolysis also reduced the content and toxicity of heavy metals in biochar. Therefore, co-pyrolysis could be a promising strategy to achieve the simultaneous treatment of SS and RD, as well as the production of value-added biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Gbouri
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Xutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Beibei Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (I.G.); (F.Y.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (G.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
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11
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Cui X, Wang J, Wang X, Khan MB, Lu M, Khan KY, Song Y, He Z, Yang X, Yan B, Chen G. Biochar from constructed wetland biomass waste: A review of its potential and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132259. [PMID: 34543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of wetland plant biomass need to be properly harvested and utilized. Recently, wetland plant derived biochar has drawn extensive attention owing to its application potential. This paper provides an updated review on the production and characteristics of wetland plant derived biochar, and its utilization in soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and energy production. In comparison to hydrothermal carbonization and gasification, pyrolysis is a more common technique to convert wetland plant to biochar. Characteristics of wetland plant biochars varied with plant species, growth environment of plant, and preparation conditions. Wetland plant biochar could be a qualified soil amendment owing to its abundant nutrients. Notably, wetland plant biochar exhibited considerable sorption capacity for various inorganic and organic contaminants. However, the potentially toxic substances (e.g. heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) retained in wetland plant biochar should be noticed before large-scale application. To overcome the drawbacks from the scattered distribution, limited productivity, and seasonal operation of constructed wetlands, the economic feasibility of wetland plant biochar production system could be improved via using mobile pyrolysis unit, utilizing local waste heat, and exploiting all the byproducts. Future challenges in the production and application of wetland plant derived biochar include the continuous supply of feedstock and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
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12
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Schierano MC, Panigatti MC, Maine MA, Griffa CA, Boglione R. Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for tertiary treatment of dairy wastewater: Removal efficiencies and plant uptake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111094. [PMID: 32854894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are different physicochemical and biological methods to treat effluents. However, their efficiency is not enough to meet the effluents discharge limits. For this reason, it could be possible to employ a polished treatment. A suitable alternative for this goal could be constructed wetlands (CWs). The aim of the present research was to evaluate contaminants removal efficiency of a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFW) for tertiary treatment of dairy wastewater. A vegetation study was also conducted in order to determine the role of plants on nutrient removal. A pilot scale HSSFW planted with Typha domingensis was built in a dairy factory, after the biological treatment. The substrate used was river gravel. During a seven-month research period, thirty-two samples (influent and effluent) were taken and analyzed to determine physicochemical and microbiological parameters as well as removal efficiencies. Biomass, TP, TKN and organic matter content in plants was determined at the beginning and end of the monitoring period. Suspended solids showed significant differences between inlet and outlet, with a mean removal efficiency of 78.4%. For BOD and COD, mean removal efficiencies were respectively 57.9 and 68.7%. Removal percentages for TKN, Nitrates and TP were lower than other parameters (25.7%, 47.8% and 29.9%, respectively). Fecal Coliform bacteria decreased one order of magnitude in final effluent. In the case of Escherichia coli and Pseudomona aeruginosa results were variable. Total biomass increased 4.6 times at the end of the monitoring period. The study of plants indicated its important contribution in terms of contaminant uptake and retention. HSSFW would be an advisable alternative as a tertiary treatment of dairy wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Schierano
- Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL) Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero, 2829, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina; Grupo de Estudios de Medio Ambiente (GEM) Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela, Acuña 49, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María C Panigatti
- Grupo de Estudios de Medio Ambiente (GEM) Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela, Acuña 49, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María A Maine
- Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL) Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero, 2829, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina A Griffa
- Grupo de Estudios de Medio Ambiente (GEM) Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela, Acuña 49, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rosana Boglione
- Grupo de Estudios de Medio Ambiente (GEM) Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela, Acuña 49, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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13
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Pi L, Jiang R, Cai W, Wang L, Wang Y, Cai J, Mao X. Bionic Preparation of CeO 2-Encapsulated Nitrogen Self-Doped Biochars for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3642-3653. [PMID: 31894955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the superior performance of novel carbonaceous materials, CeO2-encapsulated nitrogen-doped biochars [BC-Ce-X (X = 1 and 2)], for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The biomass precursor of this value-added biochar material was biomimetically prepared via a hydroponic operation in the Ce-enriched solution. The characterization results showed that CeO2 with large amounts of oxygen vacancies was stably embedded in the N self-doped biochars during the pyrolytic processes. The measured specific surface areas of cerium-free biochar (BC sample), BC-Ce-1, and BC-Ce-2 were 79, 566, and 518 m2/g, respectively. The BC-Ce-X (X = 1 and 2) showed excellent ORR performances with onset potentials of ∼0.90-0.91 V, which outperformed the commercial 10 wt % Pt/C and BC. Compared with Pt/C, the BC-Ce-2 had better methanol tolerance and stability. Also, BC-Ce-2 displayed excellent electrochemical activity for Zn/air batteries. Controlled experiments and density functional theoretical calculations illustrated the synergistic effect between the pyri-N/C centers and CeO2 with oxygen vacancies in ORR. The Lewis base sites, created by pyri-N and oxygen vacancies, greatly facilitated the chemisorption of O2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Pi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Rui Jiang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Wanxin Cai
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 , China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 , China
| | - Jianhua Cai
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
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14
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Sima XF, Jiang SF, Shen XC, Jiang H. Harvesting Biomass-Based Ni–N Doped Carbonaceous Materials with High Capacitance by Fast Pyrolysis of Ni Enriched Spent Wetland Biomass. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Sima
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Feng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Cheng Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Huang J, Cao C, Liu J, Yan C, Xiao J. The response of nitrogen removal and related bacteria within constructed wetlands after long-term treating wastewater containing environmental concentrations of silver nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:522-531. [PMID: 30833250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of consumer products containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inevitably results in their release into sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants, where they would encounter (and cause potential negative impacts) constructed wetlands (CWs), a complex biological system containing plants, substrate and microorganisms. Herein, the long-term effects of environmental AgNPs concentrations on nitrogen removal, key enzymatic activities and nitrogen-related microbes in constructed wetlands (CWs) were investigated. The short-term exposure (40 d) to AgNPs significantly inhibited TN and NH4+-N removal, and the inhibition degree had a positive relationship with AgNPs levels. After about 450 d exposure, 200 μg/L AgNPs could slightly increase average TN removal efficiency, while presence of 50 μg/L AgNPs showed no difference, compared to control. The NH4+-N removal in all CWs had no difference. The present study indicated that short-term AgNPs loading evidently reduced nitrogen removal, whereas long-term exposure to AgNPs showed no adverse impacts on NH4+-N removal and slightly stimulated TN removal, which was related to the increase of corresponding enzymatic activities. After exposing AgNPs for 450 d, the abundance of relative functional genes and the composition of key community structure were determined by qPCR and high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The results showed that the abundance of amoA and nxrA dramatically higher than control, whereas the abundance of nirK, nirS, nosZ and anammox 16S rRNA was slightly higher than control, but had no statistical difference, which accorded with the TN removal performance. The microbial community analysis showed that different AgNPs concentrations could affect the microbial diversity and structure. The changes of the relative abundance of nitrogen-related genera were associated with the impacts of AgNPs on the nitrogen removal performance. Overall, the AgNPs loading had impacts on the key enzymatic activities, the abundance of nitrogen-related genes and microbial community, thus finally affected the treatment performance of CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Chong Cao
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunni Yan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Gu C, Zhang S, Han P, Hu X, Xie L, Li Y, Brooks M, Liao X, Qin L. Soil Enzyme Activity in Soils Subjected to Flooding and the Effect on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake by Oilseed Rape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 30972095 PMCID: PMC6445880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging presents one of the greatest constraints for agricultural crops. In order to elucidate the influences of waterlogging stress on the growth of oilseed rape, a pot experiment was performed investigating the impact of waterlogging on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in oilseed rape, and mineral N and available P profiles and enzyme activities of soils. The experiment included waterlogging treatments lasting 3 (I), 6 (II), and 9 (III) days, and a control treatment without waterlogging (CK). Results showed that waterlogging lasting 3 or more days significantly depressed the growth of oilseed rape, and prolonged the recovery time of plant growth with the period of flooding. Waterlogging notably influenced the N and P concentrations in plant tissues, and also affected mineral N, available P profiles, and activities of enzymes (including urease, phosphatase, invertase, and catalase) in the soils. With the exception of catalase, flooding suppressed the activity of urease, phosphatase, and invertase to varying degrees, and the longer the flooding time, the greater the suppression. The effect of waterlogging on mineral N and P profiles resulted from the altered proportions of NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and the decreased available P concentrations in these soils, respectively. The effect on P was more significant than on N in both soil nutrient profile and plant utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiming Gu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinshui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Margot Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Xing Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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17
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Jiang SF, Ling LL, Xu Z, Liu WJ, Jiang H. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity and Stability of Noble Metal Nanoparticles by the Strong Interaction of Magnetic Biochar Support. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Feng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Li Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhuoran Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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18
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Huang R, Fang C, Zhang B, Tang Y. Transformations of Phosphorus Speciation during (Hydro)thermal Treatments of Animal Manures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3016-3026. [PMID: 29431994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) in animal manures is an important P pool for P recycling and reclamation. In recent years, thermochemical techniques have gained much interests for effective waste treatment and P recycling. This study comparatively characterized the transformation of P during two representative thermochemical treatments (pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, HTC) of four animal manures (swine, chicken, beef, and dairy manures) by combining nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and sequential extraction. For both pyrolysis and HTC treatments, degradation of organic phosphate and crystallization of Ca phosphate minerals were observed and were highly dependent on treatment temperature. Extensive crystallization of Ca phosphate minerals occurred at temperatures above 450 °C during pyrolysis, compared to the lower temperature (175 and 225 °C) requirements during HTC. As a result, P was immobilized in the hydrochars and high temperature pyrochars, and was extracted primarily by HCl. Because Ca is the dominating P-complexing cation in all four manures, all manures showed similar P speciation and transformation behaviors during the treatments. Results from this work provided deeper insights into the thermochemical processes occurred during the pyrolysis and HTC treatments of biological wastes, as well as guidance for P reclamation and recycling from these wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30324-0340 , United States
| | - Ci Fang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30324-0340 , United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30324-0340 , United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30324-0340 , United States
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19
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Ling LL, Liu WJ, Zhang S, Jiang H. Magnesium Oxide Embedded Nitrogen Self-Doped Biochar Composites: Fast and High-Efficiency Adsorption of Heavy Metals in an Aqueous Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10081-10089. [PMID: 28753301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in natural water bodies is an environmental concern due to toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health, while adsorption is an effective approach to remove Pb from the water. Surface interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates play a dominant role in the adsorption process, and properly engineering a material's surface property is critical to the improvement of adsorption performance. In this study, the magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles stabilized on the N-doped biochar (MgO@N-biochar) were synthesized by one-pot fast pyrolysis of an MgCl2-loaded N-enriched hydrophyte biomass as a way to increase the exchangeable ions and N-containing functional groups and facilitate the adsorption of Pb2+. The as-synthesized MgO@N-biochar has a high performance with Pb in an aqueous solution with a large adsorption capacity (893 mg/g), a very short equilibrium time (<10 min), and a large throughput (∼4450 BV). Results show that this excellent adsorption performance can be maintained with various environmentally relevant interferences including pH, natural organic matter, and other metal ions, suggesting that the material may be suitable for the treatment of wastewater, natural bodies of water, and even drinking water. In addition, MgO@N-biochar quickly and efficiently removed Cd2+ and tetracycline. Multiple characterizations and comparative tests have been performed to demonstrate the surface adsorption and ion exchange contributed to partial Pb adsorption, and it can be inferred from these results that the high performance of MgO@N-biochar is mainly due to the surface coordination of Pb2+ and C═O or O═C-O, pyridinic, pyridonic, and pyrrolic N. This work suggests that engineering surface functional groups of biochar may be crucial for the development of high performance heavy metal adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
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20
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Deng S, Tan H, Wang X, Yang F, Cao R, Wang Z, Ruan R. Investigation on the fast co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with biomass and the combustion reactivity of residual char. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:302-310. [PMID: 28531855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaining the valuable fuels from sewage sludge is a promising method. In this work, the fast pyrolysis characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), wheat straw (WS) and their mixtures in different proportions were carried out in a drop-tube reactor. The combustion reactivity of the residual char obtained was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results indicate that SS and WS at different pyrolysis temperatures yielded different characteristic gas compositions and product distributions. The co-pyrolysis of SS with WS showed that there existed a synergistic effect in terms of higher gas and bio-oil yields and lower char yield, especially at the WS adding percentage of 80wt%. The addition of WS to SS increased the carbon content in the SS char and improved char porous structures, resulting in an improvement in the combustion reactivity of the SS char. The research results can be used to promote co-utilization of sewage sludge and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Houzhang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xuebin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Fuxin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Renhui Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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21
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The Recovery of Energy, Nitrogen and Phosphorous from Three Agricultural Wastes by Pyrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Biomass is increasingly perceived as a renewable resource rather than as an organic solid waste today, as it can be converted to various chemicals, biofuels, and solid biochar using modern processes. In the past few years, pyrolysis has attracted growing interest as a promising versatile platform to convert biomass into valuable resources. However, an efficient and selective conversion process is still difficult to be realized due to the complex nature of biomass, which usually makes the products complicated. Furthermore, various contaminants and inorganic elements (e.g., heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine) embodied in biomass may be transferred into pyrolysis products or released into the environment, arousing environmental pollution concerns. Understanding their behaviors in biomass pyrolysis is essential to optimizing the pyrolysis process for efficient resource recovery and less environmental pollution. However, there is no comprehensive review so far about the fates of chemical elements in biomass during its pyrolysis. Here, we provide a critical review about the fates of main chemical elements (C, H, O, N, P, Cl, S, and metals) in biomass during its pyrolysis. We overview the research advances about the emission, transformation, and distribution of elements in biomass pyrolysis, discuss the present challenges for resource-oriented conversion and pollution abatement, highlight the importance and significance of understanding the fate of elements during pyrolysis, and outlook the future development directions for process control. The review provides useful information for developing sustainable biomass pyrolysis processes with an improved efficiency and selectivity as well as minimized environmental impacts, and encourages more research efforts from the scientific communities of chemistry, the environment, and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Yuan X, Wang L, Wang D. Forage intake and weight gain of ewes is affected by roughage mixes during winter in northeastern China. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:1058-1065. [PMID: 27925352 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of dietary roughage species and their combinations on forage intake and growth rate of ewes during winter in a pastoral-farming area of northeast China. Twenty-five Northeast crossbred ewes (fine-wool sheep × Small-tailed Han sheep) were randomly selected and divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5). During a 30 day feeding trial, each group of ewes were offered the same basal diet (composed of 0.36 kg chopped maize stalk (10 mm), 0.14 kg corn meal, 0.05 kg soybean meal and 1.2 g NaCl) and one of the five supplementary roughage mixes, namely 100% Leymus chinensis hay (G1), 100% Vigna radiata stalk (G2), L. chinensis hay plus Suaeda glauca (G3), V. radiata stalk plus S. glauca (G4) and L. chinensis hay plus V. radiata stalk and S. glauca (G5). The results showed that roughage mixes had significant influences on daily roughage intake and daily weight gain of ewes. Ewes had greater daily roughage intake when supplemented with three species of roughage compared to the roughage with one species; however, there was no significant difference between G1 and G2, G3 and G4, or between G4 and G5. The average daily gain of ewes was also greater when they were supplemented with the roughage combination of L. chinensis, V. radiata stalk and S. glauca. No difference in average daily weight gain was observed between the G4 and G5 treatments (P > 0.05). The lowest average daily weight gain was observed when the ewes were supplemented with V. radiata stalk alone (G2) (P < 0.05). The results indicated that supplying ewes with various roughages simultaneously in winter could improve their forage intake and average daily weight gain compared to offering the ewes only one type of dietary roughage. Further, feeding roughage supplements containing a diverse mix of roughage species represents one method for increasing roughage utilization in livestock production during winter in the pastoral-farming areas of northeastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Veterinary and Animal Science College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunbo Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Liu WJ, Tian K, Ling LL, Yu HQ, Jiang H. Use of Nutrient Rich Hydrophytes to Create N,P-Dually Doped Porous Carbon with Robust Energy Storage Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12421-12428. [PMID: 27754666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimal strategy for the safe disposal of large amounts of hydrophyte biomass with enriched levels of N and P is challenging. In this study, we proposed and illustrated a facile pyrolysis approach to prepare an N, P-dually doped porous carbon (NPC) material with robust energy storage performance using a thermochemical self-doping process and a widely distributed hydrophyte biomass (Typha angustifolia). As a supercapacitor electrode material for electrochemical energy storage, the NPC shows a maximum capacitance of 257 F g-1 and energy density of 19.0 Wh kg-1 and only 3% capacitance loss after 6000 times of cyclic use, which places the NPC among the best porous carbon supercapacitors known previously. Multiple characterizations (BET, SEM, XPS, and Raman) provide evidence that NPC's excellent energy storage performance involves a pseudocapacitive contribution due to the Faradaic redox reactions of the N and P functional groupsand a capacitive contribution from the formation of the electrical double layer. The external nitrogen resource cannot improve the supercapacitor performance of NPC, suggesting a role for the assimilated nitrogenof plants. In contrast, an external phosphorus resource can significantly increase the specific capacitance from 257 to 375 F g-1 of NPC. These findings provide useful information for effective energy storage utilization of biomass wastes with differentconcentrations of N and P by fast pyrolysis and activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Li Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
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Zhu X, Yang S, Wang L, Liu Y, Qian F, Yao W, Zhang S, Chen J. Tracking the conversion of nitrogen during pyrolysis of antibiotic mycelial fermentation residues using XPS and TG-FTIR-MS technology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 211:20-27. [PMID: 26736052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residues (AMFRs), which are emerging solid pollutants, have been recognized as hazardous waste in China since 2008. Nitrogen (N), which is an environmental sensitivity element, is largely retained in AMFR samples derived from fermentation substrates. Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the treatment of solid waste. However, the outcomes of N element during the pyrolysis of AMFRs are still unknown. In this study, the conversion of N element during the pyrolysis of AMFRs was tracked using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and online TG-FTIR-MS (Thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared-Mass spectrometry) technology. In the AMFR sample, organic amine-N, pyrrolic-N, protein-N, pyridinic-N, was the main N-containing species. XPS results indicated that pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N were retained in the AMFR-derived pyrolysis char. More stable species, such as N-oxide and quaternary-N, were also produced in the char. TG-FTIR-MS results indicated that NH3 and HCN were the main gaseous species, and their contents were closely related to the contents of amine-N and protein-N, and pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N of AMFRs, respectively. Increases in heating rate enhanced the amounts of NH3 and HCN, but had less of an effect on the degradation degree of AMFRs. N-containing organic compounds, including amine-N, nitrile-N and heterocyclic-N, were discerned from the AMFR pyrolysis process. Their release range was extended with increasing of heating rate and carbon content of AMFR sample. This work will help to take appropriate measure to reduce secondary pollution from the treatment of AMFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Xu L, Han Z, Zhang Y, Fu Y. In situ synthesis of molybdenum oxide@N-doped carbon from biomass for selective vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols under H2atmosphere. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21989f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a simple, green method to prepare molybdenum oxide@N-doped carbon (MoOx@NC)via in situpyrolysis of molybdenum precursor preloaded cellulose and demonstrate its catalytic performance for vapor phase HDO of lignin-derived phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujiang Xu
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Zheng Han
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Yao Fu
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
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Liu WJ, Jiang H, Yu HQ. Development of Biochar-Based Functional Materials: Toward a Sustainable Platform Carbon Material. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12251-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Wu H, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Hu Z, Liang S, Fan J, Liu H. A review on the sustainability of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: Design and operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:594-601. [PMID: 25453440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as a green technology to treat various wastewaters for several decades. CWs offer a land-intensive, low-energy, and less-operational-requirements alternative to conventional treatment systems, especially for small communities and remote locations. However, the sustainable operation and successful application of these systems remains a challenge. Hence, this paper aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development on their sustainable design and operation for wastewater treatment. Firstly, a brief summary on the definition, classification and application of current CWs was presented. The design parameters and operational conditions of CWs including plant species, substrate types, water depth, hydraulic load, hydraulic retention time and feeding mode related to the sustainable operation for wastewater treatments were then discussed. Lastly, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Liu WJ, Tian K, He YR, Jiang H, Yu HQ. High-yield harvest of nanofibers/mesoporous carbon composite by pyrolysis of waste biomass and its application for high durability electrochemical energy storage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13951-13959. [PMID: 25372400 DOI: 10.1021/es504184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Disposal and recycling of the large scale biomass waste is of great concern. Themochemically converting the waste biomass to functional carbon nanomaterials and bio-oil is an environmentally friendly apporach by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution caused by open burning. In this work, we reported a scalable, "green" method for the synthesis of the nanofibers/mesoporous carbon composites through pyrolysis of the Fe(III)-preloaded biomass, which is controllable by adjustment of temperature and additive of catalyst. It is found that the coupled catalytic action of both Fe and Cl species is able to effectively catalyze the growth of the carbon nanofibers on the mesoporous carbon and form magnetic nanofibers/mesoporous carbon composites (M-NMCCs). The mechanism for the growth of the nanofibers is proposed as an in situ vapor deposition process, and confirmed by the XRD and SEM results. M-NMCCs can be directly used as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage without further separation, and exhibit favorable energy storage performance with high EDLC capacitance, good retention capability, and excellent stability and durability (more than 98% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Considering that biomass is a naturally abundant and renewable resource (over billions tons biomass produced every year globally) and pyrolysis is a proven technique, M-NMCCs can be easily produced at large scale and become a sustainable and reliable resource for clean energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
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He H, Qian TT, Liu WJ, Jiang H, Yu HQ. Biological and chemical phosphorus solubilization from pyrolytical biochar in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 113:175-181. [PMID: 25065807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a massive byproduct of biomass pyrolysis during biofuel generation, is a potential P source for the mitigation of P depletion. However, the chemical and biological effect of the release of P from biochar is still unclear. In this study, two types of Lysinibacillus strains (Lysinibacillussphaericus D-8 and Lysinibacillus fusiformis A-5) were separated from a sediment and their P-solubilizing characteristics to biochar was first reported. Compared with the bacterial mixture W-1 obtained from a bioreactor, the introduction of A-5 and D-8 significantly improved P solubilization. The release of P from biochar by A-5 and D-8 reached 54% and 47%, respectively, which is comparable to that under rigorous chemical conditions. SEM images and XPS spectra demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the biochar surface have changed in the process which may be caused by the activities of the microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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31
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Qian TT, Li DC, Jiang H. Thermochemical behavior of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) during co-pyrolysis with biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10734-10742. [PMID: 25154038 DOI: 10.1021/es502669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and wood biomass to recover valuable chemicals is a cost-effective waste-recycling technology. However, widely used organophosphate ester additives in plastic, such as tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), can form diverse phosphorus (P)-containing species. These P-containing compounds can pose new environmental challenges when the biochar is reused. In this study, a mixture of TBEP and lignin was used to simulate the feedstock of plastic waste and wood biomass, and the thermochemical behavior of TBEP in slow pyrolysis (20 K min(-1)) and fast pyrolysis at 400-600 °C was investigated. The results show that low temperature in fast pyrolysis favors the enrichment of P in char. Up to 76.6% of initial P in the feedstock is retained in the char resulting from 400 °C, while only 51% is retained in the char from 600 °C. Slow pyrolysis favors the formation of stable P species regardless of the temperature; only 7% of the P retained in the char is extractable from char from slow pyrolysis, while 20-40% of P can be extracted from char resulting from fast pyrolysis. The addition of CaCl2 and MgCl2 can significantly increase the fraction of P retained in the char by the formation of Ca, Mg-P compounds. Online TG-FTIR-MS analysis suggests that TBEP undergoes decomposition through different temperature-dependent pathways. The P-containing radicals react with the aromatic rings produced by the pyrolysis of lignin to form Ar-P species, which is an important factor influencing the distribution and stabilization of P in char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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32
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Liu X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng R, Mahmood IB. Characterization of human manure-derived biochar and energy-balance analysis of slow pyrolysis process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:1619-1626. [PMID: 24961565 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of their soil improvement potential, contaminant immobilization properties, and ability to function as carbon sinks. This study adopted a pyrolytic process to prepare a series of biochars from dried human manure at varying temperatures. The thermal analysis of human manure and physicochemical properties of the resulting biochars illustrated that human manure can be a favorable feedstock for biochar production. In particular, the porous texture and nutrient-rich properties of biochars produced from human manure and may significantly enhance soil fertility when used as used soil additives. A temperature range of 500-600°C was optimal for human manure biochar production. Significantly, when the moisture content of the feedstock is lower than 57%, the system could not only harvest manure-derived biochar but also have a net energy output, which can be provide heat source for nearby users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zifu Li
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Feng
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu WJ, Tian K, Jiang H, Yu HQ. Facile synthesis of highly efficient and recyclable magnetic solid acid from biomass waste. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2419. [PMID: 23939253 PMCID: PMC3741625 DOI: 10.1038/srep02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, sawdust, a biomass waste, is converted into a magnetic porous carbonaceous (MPC) solid acid catalyst by an integrated fast pyrolysis–sulfonation process. The resultant magnetic solid acid has a porous structure with high surface area of 296.4 m2 g−1, which can be attributed to the catalytic effect of Fe. The catalytic activity and recyclability of the solid acid catalyst are evaluated during three typical acid-catalyzed reactions: esterification, dehydration, and hydrolysis. The favorable catalytic performance in all three reactions is attributed to the acid's high strength with 2.57 mmol g−1 of total acid sites. Moreover, the solid acid can be reused five times without a noticeable decrease in catalytic activity, indicating the stability of the porous carbon (PC)–sulfonic acid group structure. The findings in the present work offer effective alternatives for environmentally friendly utilization of abundant biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Liu WJ, Jiang H, Tian K, Ding YW, Yu HQ. Mesoporous carbon stabilized MgO nanoparticles synthesized by pyrolysis of MgCl2 preloaded waste biomass for highly efficient CO2 capture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9397-9403. [PMID: 23895233 DOI: 10.1021/es401286p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emission makes significant contribution to global climate change and CO2 capture and storage is a currently a preferred technology to change the trajectory toward irreversible global warming. In this work, we reported a new strategy that the inexhaustible MgCl2 in seawater and the abundantly available biomass waste can be utilized to prepare mesoporous carbon stabilized MgO nanoparticles (mPC-MgO) for CO2 capture. The mPC-MgO showed excellent performance in the CO2 capture process with the maximum capacity of 5.45 mol kg(-1), much higher than many other MgO based CO2 trappers. The CO2 capture capacity of the mPC-MgO material kept almost unchanged in 19-run cyclic reuse, and can be regenerated at low temperature. The mechanism for the CO2 capture by the mPC-MgO was investigated by FTIR and XPS, and the results indicated that the high CO2 capture capacity and the favorable selectivity of the as-prepared materials were mainly attributed to their special structure (i.e., surface area, functional groups, and the MgO NPs). This work would open up a new pathway to slow down global warming as well as resolve the pollution of waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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35
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Vanholme B, Desmet T, Ronsse F, Rabaey K, Breusegem FV, Mey MD, Soetaert W, Boerjan W. Towards a carbon-negative sustainable bio-based economy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:174. [PMID: 23761802 PMCID: PMC3669761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The bio-based economy relies on sustainable, plant-derived resources for fuels, chemicals, materials, food and feed rather than on the evanescent usage of fossil resources. The cornerstone of this economy is the biorefinery, in which renewable resources are intelligently converted to a plethora of products, maximizing the valorization of the feedstocks. Innovation is a prerequisite to move a fossil-based economy toward sustainable alternatives, and the viability of the bio-based economy depends on the integration between plant (green) and industrial (white) biotechnology. Green biotechnology deals with primary production through the improvement of biomass crops, while white biotechnology deals with the conversion of biomass into products and energy. Waste streams are minimized during these processes or partly converted to biogas, which can be used to power the processing pipeline. The sustainability of this economy is guaranteed by a third technology pillar that uses thermochemical conversion to valorize waste streams and fix residual carbon as biochar in the soil, hence creating a carbon-negative cycle. These three different multidisciplinary pillars interact through the value chain of the bio-based economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for BiotechnologyGent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise – Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for BiotechnologyGent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise – Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise – Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for BiotechnologyGent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
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36
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Ding HS, Jiang H. Self-heating co-pyrolysis of excessive activated sludge with waste biomass: energy balance and sludge reduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:16-22. [PMID: 23410532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, co-pyrolysis of sludge with sawdust or rice husk was investigated. The results showed that the co-pyrolysis technology could be used to dispose of the excessive activated sludge without external energy input. The results also demonstrated that no obvious synergistic effect occurred except for heat transfer in the co-pyrolysis if the co-feeding biomass and sludge had similar thermogravimetric characteristics. The experimental results combined with calculation showed that adding sawdust accounting for 49.6% of the total feedstock or rice husk accounting for 74.7% could produce bio-oil to keep the energy balance of the co-pyrolysis system and self-heat it. The sludge from solar drying bed can be further reduced by 38.6% and 35.1% by weight when co-pyrolyzed with rice husk and sawdust, respectively. This study indicates that sludge reduction without external heat supply through co-pyrolysis of sludge with waste biomass is practically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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37
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Zhang XS, Yang GX, Jiang H, Liu WJ, Ding HS. Mass production of chemicals from biomass-derived oil by directly atmospheric distillation coupled with co-pyrolysis. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1120. [PMID: 23350028 PMCID: PMC3553461 DOI: 10.1038/srep01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of renewable commodity chemicals from bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of biomass has received considerable interests, but hindered by the presence of innumerable components in bio-oil. In present work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an innovative approach combining atmospheric distillation of bio-oil with co-pyrolysis for mass production of renewable chemicals from biomass, in which no waste was produced. It was estimated that 51.86 wt.% of distillate just containing dozens of separable organic components could be recovered using this approach. Ten protogenetic and three epigenetic compounds in distillate were qualitatively identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantified by gas chromatography. Among them, the recovery efficiencies of acetic acid, propanoic acid, and furfural were all higher than 80 wt.%. Formation pathways of the distillate components in this process were explored. This work opens up a fascinating prospect for mass production of chemical feedstock from waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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38
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Meesuk S, Cao JP, Sato K, Hoshino A, Utsumi K, Takarada T. Nitrogen Conversion of Pig Compost during Pyrolysis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.12we262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirimirin Meesuk
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
| | - Kazuyoshi Sato
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
| | - Kazuhiko Utsumi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
| | - Takayuki Takarada
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Gunma University
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Liu WJ, Tian K, Jiang H, Zhang XS, Ding HS, Yu HQ. Selectively improving the bio-oil quality by catalytic fast pyrolysis of heavy-metal-polluted biomass: take copper (Cu) as an example. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7849-7856. [PMID: 22708628 DOI: 10.1021/es204681y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal-polluted biomass derived from phytoremediation or biosorption is widespread and difficult to be disposed of. In this work, simultaneous conversion of the waste woody biomass into bio-oil and recovery of Cu in a fast pyrolysis reactor were investigated. The results show that Cu can effectively catalyze the thermo-decomposition of biomass. Both the yield and high heating value (HHV) of the Cu-polluted fir sawdust biomass (Cu-FSD) derived bio-oil are significantly improved compared with those of the fir sawdust (FSD) derived bio-oil. The results of UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectra of bio-oil indicate pyrolytic lignin is further decomposed into small-molecular aromatic compounds by the catalysis of Cu, which is in agreement with the GC-MS results that the fractions of C7-C10 compounds in the bio-oil significantly increase. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the migration and transformation of Cu in the fast pyrolysis process show that more than 91% of the total Cu in the Cu-FSD is enriched in the char in the form of zerovalent Cu with a face-centered cubic crystalline phase. This study gives insight into catalytic fast pyrolysis of heavy metals, and demonstrates the technical feasibility of an eco-friendly process for disposal of heavy-metal-polluted biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Liu WJ, Zeng FX, Jiang H, Zhang XS, Yu HQ. Techno-economic evaluation of the integrated biosorption-pyrolysis technology for lead (Pb) recovery from aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6260-6265. [PMID: 21421305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An integrated biosorption-pyrolysis technology was employed to recover Pb from aqueous solution. A series of biosorption, fast pyrolysis and leaching experiments were carried out. The optimum pH and adsorbent dose for Pb adsorption from aqueous solution are 6.0 and 3.0 g L(-1), respectively. The temperature is a key factor influencing the yields of pyrolysis products, and the maximum yield of bio-oil is 45.7% at 773 K. The pyrolysis technology can effectively recover Pb from Pb polluted Typha angustifolia biomass (Pb-TAB) and its recovery efficiency is not notably influenced by temperature. According to the economic evaluation, the biosorption-pyrolysis technology has great techno-economic advantages over the conventional biosorption-leaching technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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