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Bahadur A, Zhang L, Guo W, Sajjad W, Ilahi N, Banerjee A, Faisal S, Usman M, Chen T, Zhang W. Temperature-dependent transformation of microbial community: A systematic approach to analyzing functional microbes and biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118351. [PMID: 38331158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The stability and effectiveness of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system are significantly influenced by temperature. While majority research has focused on the composition of the microbial community in the AD process, the relationships between functional gene profile deduced from gene expression at different temperatures have received less attention. The current study investigates the AD process of potato peel waste and explores the association between biogas production and microbial gene expression at 15, 25, and 35 °C through metatranscriptomic analysis. The production of total biogas decreased with temperature at 15 °C (19.94 mL/g VS), however, it increased at 35 °C (269.50 mL/g VS). The relative abundance of Petrimonas, Clostridium, Aminobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanothrix, and Methanosarcina were most dominant in the AD system at different temperatures. At the functional pathways level 3, α-diversity indices, including Evenness (Y = 5.85x + 8.85; R2 = 0.56), Simpson (Y = 2.20x + 2.09; R2 = 0.33), and Shannon index (Y = 1.11x + 4.64; R2 = 0.59), revealed a linear and negative correlation with biogas production. Based on KEGG level 3, several dominant functional pathways associated with Oxidative phosphorylation (ko00190) (25.09, 24.25, 24.04%), methane metabolism (ko00680) (30.58, 32.13, and 32.89%), and Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (ko00720) (27.07, 26.47, and 26.29%), were identified at 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C. The regulation of biogas production by temperature possibly occurs through enhancement of central function pathways while decreasing the diversity of functional pathways. Therefore, the methanogenesis and associated processes received the majority of cellular resources and activities, thereby improving the effectiveness of substrate conversion to biogas. The findings of this study illustrated the crucial role of central function pathways in the effective functioning of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Cryosphere and Eco-Environment Research Station of Shule River Headwaters, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Lanzhou Xinrong Environmental Energy Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nikhat Ilahi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chen T, Zhang L, Guo W, Zhang W, Sajjad W, Ilahi N, Usman M, Faisal S, Bahadur A. Temperature drives microbial communities in anaerobic digestion during biogas production from food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32698-z. [PMID: 38436844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Resource depletion and climate changes due to human activities and excessive burning of fossil fuels are the driving forces to explore alternatives clean energy resources. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of potato peel waste (PPW) at various temperatures T15 (15 °C), T25 (25 °C), and T35 (35 °C) in anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas generation. The highest biogas and CH4 production (117 mL VS-g and 74 mL VS-g) was observed by applying 35 °C (T35) as compared with T25 (65 mL VS-g and 22 mL VS-g) on day 6. Changes in microbial diversity associated with different temperatures were also explored. The Shannon index of bacterial community was not significantly affected, while there was a positive correlation of archaeal community with the applied temperatures. The bacterial phyla Firmicutes were strongly affected by T35 (39%), whereas Lactobacillus was the dominant genera at T15 (27%). Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina, as archaeal genera, dominated in T35 temperature reactors. In brief, at T35, Proteiniphilum and Methanosarcina were positively correlated with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration. Spearman correlation revealed dynamic interspecies interactions among bacterial and archaeal genera; facilitating the AD system. This study revealed that temperature variations can enhance the microbial community of the AD system, leading to increased biogas production. It is recommended for optimizing the AD of food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Lanzhou Xinrong Environmental Energy Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nikhat Ilahi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Wang H, Zeng S, Luo L, Xu Y, Yasuo I, Luo F. Metatranscriptome revealed how carbon brush addition affected the fermentation of food wastewater in the low-temperature environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117382. [PMID: 37832774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance in low-temperature environments has become a key factor in the development of waste treatment and resource recovery in cold regions. The utilization of external carriers to form a biofilm is the simplest and most practical way to enhance the psychrophilic AD performance in cold regions. In this study, the effect of carrier addition on the fermentation performance of low-temperature (15 ± 2 °C) food wastewater was investigated by forming biofilms with carbon brushes. The results showed that although the biofilm formation enhanced methane yields (15.24%), it also caused more accumulation of propionic acid (306.99-626.89 mg/L), and the concentration of acetic acid (86.78-254.71 mg/L) was relatively low. The microbial community revealed the highest abundance of the fermentative bacterium Firmicutes and the carbon brush carrier significantly increased its relative abundance (23.74%). Metatranscriptomic sequencing revealed that the abundance level of Clostridium, Bacteroides, Sedimentibacter and Pelotomaculum was the highest, reaching 80% in all groups. In addition, the abundance level of electroactive microorganisms in biofilms was higher, while the fermentation bacteria and methanogens were lower. This showed that biofilm can enrich more electroactive microorganisms, and granular sludge needs to enrich more fermentation bacteria and methanogens to ensure metabolic activity. Further studies have found that carbon metabolism had the highest activity (27.86%-30.39%) and H+-transporting ATPase (atp) was the most dominant functional enzyme (85.50%-86.65%) involved in electron transport in low-temperature fermentation of food wastewater. Interestingly, these expression levels of active granular sludge were higher than the biofilm formed by carbon brushes. Meanwhile, analysis of the methanogenic pathway found that active granular sludge tends to be directly metabolized to realize acetate to acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS), while biofilms were not significantly different in the two metabolic pathways of acetate. These results deepen the understanding of treating low-temperature food wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shufang Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Igarashi Yasuo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wang P, Lu B, Chai X. Rapid start-up and long-term stable operation of the anammox reactor based on biofilm process: Status, challenges, and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139166. [PMID: 37295685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anammox-biofilm processes have great potential for wastewater nitrogen removal, as it overcomes the slow growth and easy loss of AnAOB (anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria). Biofilm carrier is the core part of the Anammox-biofilm reactor and plays a key role in the start-up and long-term operation of the process. Therefore, the research on the biofilm carrier of Anammox-based process was summarized and discussed in terms of configurations and types. In the Anammox-biofilm process, fixed bed biofilm reactor is a relatively mature biofilm carrier configuration and has advantages in terms of nitrogen removal and long-term operational stability, while moving bed biofilm reactor has advantages in terms of start-up time. Although the long-term operational stability of fluidized bed biofilm reactor is good, its nitrogen removal performance needs to be improved. Among the different biofilm carrier categories, the inorganic biofilm carrier has an advantage in start-up time, due to the enhancement of the growth and metabolic of AnAOB by inorganic materials (such as carbon and iron). Anammox-based reactors using organic biofilm carriers, especially suspension carriers, are well-established and more stable in long-term operation. Composite biofilm carriers combine the advantages of several materials, but their complex preparation procedures lead to high costs. In addition, possible research directions for accelerating the start-up and keeping the long-term stable operation of Anammox reactor by biofilm process were highlighted. It is hoped to provide a possible pathway for the rapid start-up of Anammox-based process, and references for the optimization and promotion of process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Singh S, Keating C, Ijaz UZ, Hassard F. Molecular insights informing factors affecting low temperature anaerobic applications: Diversity, collated core microbiomes and complexity stability relationships in LCFA-fed systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162420. [PMID: 36842571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fats, oil and grease, and their hydrolyzed counterparts-long chain fatty acids (LCFA) make up a large fraction of numerous wastewaters and are challenging to degrade anaerobically, more so, in low temperature anaerobic digestion (LtAD) systems. Herein, we perform a comparative analysis of publicly available Illumina 16S rRNA datasets generated from LCFA-degrading anaerobic microbiomes at low temperatures (10 and 20 °C) to comprehend the factors affecting microbial community dynamics. The various factors considered were the inoculum, substrate and operational characteristics, the reactor operation mode and reactor configuration, and the type of nucleic acid sequenced. We found that LCFA-degrading anaerobic microbiomes were differentiated primarily by inoculum characteristics (inoculum source and morphology) in comparison to the other factors tested. Inoculum characteristics prominently shaped the species richness, species evenness and beta-diversity patterns in the microbiomes even after long term operation of continuous reactors up to 150 days, implying the choice of inoculum needs careful consideration. The generalised additive models represented through beta diversity contour plots revealed that psychrophilic bacteria RBG-13-54-9 from family Anaerolineae, and taxa WCHB1-41 and Williamwhitmania were highly abundant in LCFA-fed microbial niches, suggesting their role in anaerobic treatment of LCFAs at low temperatures of 10-20 °C. Overall, we showed that the following bacterial genera: uncultured Propionibacteriaceae, Longilinea, Christensenellaceae R7 group, Lactivibrio, candidatus Caldatribacterium, Aminicenantales, Syntrophus, Syntrophomonas, Smithella, RBG-13-54-9, WCHB1-41, Trichococcus, Proteiniclasticum, SBR1031, Lutibacter and Lentimicrobium have prominent roles in LtAD of LCFA-rich wastewaters at 10-20 °C. This study provides molecular insights of anaerobic LCFA degradation under low temperatures from collated datasets and will aid in improving LtAD systems for treating LCFA-rich wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Singh
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Way, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Ciara Keating
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Infrastructure and Environment Research Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK; College of Science and Engineering, NUI Galway, Ireland.
| | - Francis Hassard
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Way, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, UNISA Science Campus, 1710 Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Research trends and strategies for the improvement of anaerobic digestion of food waste in psychrophilic temperatures conditions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11174. [PMID: 36340003 PMCID: PMC9626950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic fraction of municipal solid waste is mainly composed of food waste (FW), and traditional disposal practices for this fraction are generally considered to have negative environmental and economic impacts. However, the organic characteristics of this fraction could also be exploited through the anaerobic digestion of FW (FW-AD), which represents unique advantages, including the reduction of the area required for final disposal and environmental pollution and the same time the generation of renewable energy (mainly methane gas), and a by-product for agricultural use (digestate) due to its high nutrient content. Although approximately 88% of the world's population resides in areas with temperatures below 8 °C, psychrophilic conditions (temperatures below 20 °C) have hardly been studied, while mesophilic (66%) and thermophilic (27%) ranges were found to be more common than psychrophilic FW-AD (7%). The latter condition could decrease microbial activity and organic matter removal, which could affect biogas production and even make AD unfeasible. To improve the efficiency of the psychrophilic FW-AD process, there are strategies such as: measurement of physical properties as particle size, rheological characteristics (viscosity, consistency index and substrate behavior index), density and humidity, bioaugmentation and co-digestion with other substrates, use of inocula with psychrophilic methanogenic communities, reactor heating and modification of reactor configurations. However, these variables have hardly been studied in the context of psychrophilic conditions and future research should focus on evaluating the influence of these variables on FW-AD under psychrophilic conditions. Through a bibliometric analysis, this paper has described and analyzed the FW-AD process, with a focus on the psychrophilic conditions (<20 °C) so as to identify advances and future research trends, as well as determine strategies toward improving the anaerobic process under low temperature conditions. Temperature has a great influence on anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW-AD). Studies on the psychrophilic condition are limited, warranting further research. Physical properties of the substrate and inoculum influence psychrophilic FW-AD. The use of inocula adapted to low temperatures could increase biogas production. Changes in reactor configurations could improve biogas yield at low temperature.
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Gu S, Wang R, Xing H, Yu M, Shen S, Zhao L, Sun J, Li Y. Effects of different low temperature conditions on anaerobic digestion efficiency of pig manure and composition of archaea community. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1181-1192. [PMID: 36358054 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of low temperature on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, the anaerobic digestion experiment was carried out under the conditions of inoculum concentration of 30% and TS of 8%. Five low-temperature gradients of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 °C were set to study the activities of gas production, pH, solluted chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), coenzymes F420 and archaea community composition in the digestion process. The results were demonstrated: as the temperature decreased, the more unstable the gas production became, the less gas production produced, and the later the gas peak occurred. There were no significant peaks at either 4 °C or 8 °C, and the SCOD was unstable over time. From 12 °C, the SCOD increased over time, and the higher the temperature, the faster the growth trend. The pH was always greater than 7.6. 8, 12, 16, 20 °C had different degrees of VFAs accumulation at the late digestion stage. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of volatile acid accumulation. When the VFAs of each reactor reached the maximum, the proportion of acetic acid also reached the highest. The digestion system of the five treatment groups was dominated by hydrogen-nutrient methanogenic pathway. The results could provide a further reference for the mechanism of anaerobic digestion of pig manure at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Gu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Ruji Wang
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Huige Xing
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Mingzhe Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Siyu Shen
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Jiyang Sun
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Yi Li
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
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Wu N, Liu T, Li Q, Quan X. Enhancing anaerobic methane production in integrated floating-film activated sludge system filled with novel MWCNTs-modified carriers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134483. [PMID: 35381266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conductive materials can enhance anaerobic methane production by accelerating interspecies electron transfer between electroactive bacteria and methanogens. However, the daily loss or less specific surface area of small/big size of conductive materials always limits their application in anaerobic digestion. In this study, the conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (15 wt% and 20 wt%) were mixed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and novel conductive suspended carriers were prepared. Results showed the conductivity of the novel conductive suspended carriers increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude comparing with HDPE carriers, as well as the attached biomass improved from 3.93 g/m2 (HDPE carriers) to 5.82 g/m2 (15 wt% MWCNTs-modified carriers) and 6.67 g/m2 (20 wt% MWCNTs-modified carriers). Integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS) filled with MWCNT-modified carriers showed significant advantages in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (removal efficiency increased by 3.6-37.2%) and methanogenic performance (cumulative methane increased by 12.28-62.91%) compared with the control reactor filled with conventional HDPE carriers when treating sodium propionate wastewater at the organic loading rates (OLR) of 11.3-26.3 kg COD/(m³∙d). SEM images and high-throughput sequencing results proved potential direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) had been established successfully on the MWCNTs-modified carriers. The syntrophic electroactive bacteria (Geobacter, Thauera) and Methanotrix were enriched by 2.28-4.58% and 9.41-16.80% respectively owning to the addition of novel conductive carriers. This study proved IFFAS process filled with novel MWCNTs-modified suspended carriers showed great potential in establishing DIET to enhance anaerobic digestion in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Hua B, Cai Y, Cui Z, Wang X. Bioaugmentation with methanogens cultured in a micro-aerobic microbial community for overloaded anaerobic digestion recovery. Anaerobe 2022; 76:102603. [PMID: 35709936 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used for conversion of waste materials into biogas, but inhibition of methane production caused by overloading can be a major problem. The micro-aerobic microbial community MC1 was used to successfully culture methanogens, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A and Methanosaeta thermophila NBRC 101360. The maximum 16S rRNA gene concentrations of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A and Methanosaeta thermophila NBRC101360 were 1.06 × 106 and 1.35 × 103 copies/mL, respectively. The five key bacteria in MC1 were quantified to assess the effect of inoculation on the abundances of the bacteria in the mixed culture. The original MC1 total 16S rRNA gene concentration was 1.93 × 108 copies/mL, and the total 16S rRNA gene concentration had increased to 4.79 × 109 copies/mL on day 9 (p < 0.05). The proportions of the key strains in MC1+MST had changed by day 9. Cells were harvested and used to bioaugment and increase the pH values of the high- and medium-temperature anaerobic systems. After bioaugmentation, thermophilic AD recovered well. The cumulative amounts of gas produced were 44.78% and 28.28% higher in the MC1+MST and MC1 groups, respectively, than the sterilized control. The MC1+MST group gave better results than the chemical addition control group (CaCO3). There was no clear effect of bioaugmentation in mesophilic AD. When compared with traditional pure culture of methanogens as inoculants, methanogen cultivation in MC1 was simple and there was no need to separate and purify the target strains. This simplified methanogenic bioaugmentation agent was useful to study the mechanism of bioaugmentation for the recovery from low pH inhibition, showing the potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hua
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yafan Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Dadao 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Wang Y, Mairinger W, Raj SJ, Yakubu H, Siesel C, Green J, Durry S, Joseph G, Rahman M, Amin N, Hassan MZ, Wicken J, Dourng D, Larbi E, Adomako LAB, Senayah AK, Doe B, Buamah R, Tetteh-Nortey JNN, Kang G, Karthikeyan A, Roy S, Brown J, Muneme B, Sene SO, Tuffuor B, Mugambe RK, Bateganya NL, Surridge T, Ndashe GM, Ndashe K, Ban R, Schrecongost A, Moe CL. Quantitative assessment of exposure to fecal contamination in urban environment across nine cities in low-income and lower-middle-income countries and a city in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 763:143007. [PMID: 34718001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2014 to 2019, the SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool, a standardized set of methods to evaluate risk of exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment through multiple exposure pathways, was deployed in 45 neighborhoods in ten cities, including Accra and Kumasi, Ghana; Vellore, India; Maputo, Mozambique; Siem Reap, Cambodia; Atlanta, United States; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lusaka, Zambia; Kampala, Uganda; Dakar, Senegal. OBJECTIVE Assess and compare risk of exposure to fecal contamination via multiple pathways in ten cities. METHODS In total, 4053 environmental samples, 4586 household surveys, 128 community surveys, and 124 school surveys were collected. E. coli concentrations were measured in environmental samples as an indicator of fecal contamination magnitude. Bayesian methods were used to estimate the distributions of fecal contamination concentration and contact frequency. Exposure to fecal contamination was estimated by the Monte Carlo method. The contamination levels of ten environmental compartments, frequency of contact with those compartments for adults and children, and estimated exposure to fecal contamination through any of the surveyed environmental pathways were compared across cities and neighborhoods. RESULTS Distribution of fecal contamination in the environment and human contact behavior varied by city. Universally, food pathways were the most common dominant route of exposure to fecal contamination across cities in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Risks of fecal exposure via water pathways, such as open drains, flood water, and municipal drinking water, were site-specific and often limited to smaller geographic areas (i.e., neighborhoods) instead of larger areas (i.e., cities). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the relative contribution to fecal exposure from multiple pathways, and the environmental contamination level and frequency of contact for those "dominant pathways" could provide guidance for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programming and investments and enable local governments and municipalities to improve intervention strategies to reduce the risk of exposure to fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Mairinger
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suraja J Raj
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Habib Yakubu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Casey Siesel
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamie Green
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Durry
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George Joseph
- Water Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Eugene Larbi
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Benjamin Doe
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Buamah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Arun Karthikeyan
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sheela Roy
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Joe Brown
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bacelar Muneme
- Water Supply and Mapping, WE Consult, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Seydina O Sene
- Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale (IPAR), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Benedict Tuffuor
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Najib Lukooya Bateganya
- Department of Environment and Public Health, Kampala Capital City Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trevor Surridge
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Kunda Ndashe
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Radu Ban
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christine L Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Abstract
The unbridled use of fossil fuels is a serious problem that has become increasingly evident over the years. As such fuels contribute considerably to environmental pollution, there is a need to find new, sustainable sources of energy with low emissions of greenhouse gases. Climate change poses a substantial challenge for the scientific community. Thus, the use of renewable energy through technologies that offer maximum efficiency with minimal pollution and carbon emissions has become a major goal. Technology related to the use of hydrogen as a fuel is one of the most promising solutions for future systems of clean energy. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of elements related to the potential use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source, considering its specific chemical and physical characteristics as well as prospects for an increase in the participation of hydrogen fuel in the world energy matrix.
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12
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lovley DR. Sparking Anaerobic Digestion: Promoting Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer to Enhance Methane Production. iScience 2020; 23:101794. [PMID: 33294801 PMCID: PMC7695907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion was one of the first bioenergy strategies developed, yet the interactions of the microbial community that is responsible for the production of methane are still poorly understood. For example, it has only recently been recognized that the bacteria that oxidize organic waste components can forge electrical connections with methane-producing microbes through biologically produced, protein-based, conductive circuits. This direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is faster than interspecies electron exchange via diffusive electron carriers, such as H2. DIET is also more resilient to perturbations such as increases in organic load inputs or toxic compounds. However, with current digester practices DIET rarely predominates. Improvements in anaerobic digestion associated with the addition of electrically conductive materials have been attributed to increased DIET, but experimental verification has been lacking. This deficiency may soon be overcome with improved understanding of the diversity of microbes capable of DIET, which is leading to molecular tools for determining the extent of DIET. Here we review the microbiology of DIET, suggest molecular strategies for monitoring DIET in anaerobic digesters, and propose approaches for re-engineering digester design and practices to encourage DIET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
| | - Yang Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Derek R. Lovley
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
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13
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Ribera-Pi J, Campitelli A, Badia-Fabregat M, Jubany I, Martínez-Lladó X, McAdam E, Jefferson B, Soares A. Hydrolysis and Methanogenesis in UASB-AnMBR Treating Municipal Wastewater Under Psychrophilic Conditions: Importance of Reactor Configuration and Inoculum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:567695. [PMID: 33224930 PMCID: PMC7667289 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.567695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) pilot scale reactors with different configurations and inocula: flocculent biomass (F-UASB), flocculent biomass and membrane solids separation (F-AnMBR) and granular biomass and membrane solids separation (G-AnMBR) were operated to compare start-up, solids hydrolysis and effluent quality. The parallel operation of UASBs with these different configurations at low temperatures (9.7 ± 2.4°C) and the low COD content (sCOD 54.1 ± 10.3 mg/L and pCOD 84.1 ± 48.5 mg/L), was novel and not previously reported. A quick start-up was observed for the three reactors and could be attributed to the previous acclimation of the seed sludge to the settled wastewater and to low temperatures. The results obtained for the first 45 days of operation showed that solids management was critical to reach a high effluent quality. Overall, the F-AnMBR showed higher rates of hydrolysis per solid removed (38%) among the three different UASB configurations tested. Flocculent biomass promoted slightly higher hydrolysis than granular biomass. The effluent quality obtained in the F-AnMBR was 38.0 ± 5.9 mg pCOD/L, 0.4 ± 0.9 mg sCOD/L, 9.9 ± 1.3 mg BOD5/L and <1 mg TSS/L. The microbial diversity of the biomass was also assessed. Bacteroidales and Clostridiales were the major bacterial fermenter orders detected and a relative high abundance of syntrophic bacteria was also detected. Additionally, an elevated abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was also identified and was attributed to the low COD/SO4 2- ratio of the wastewater (0.5). Also, the coexistence of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was suggested. Overall this study demonstrates the suitability of UASB reactors coupled with membrane can achieve a high effluent quality when treating municipal wastewater under psychrophilic temperatures with F-AnMBR promoting slightly higher hydrolysis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ribera-Pi
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, Manresa, Spain
| | - Antonio Campitelli
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Jubany
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, Manresa, Spain
| | | | - Ewan McAdam
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Jefferson
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Soares
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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14
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Paulo LM, Castilla-Archilla J, Ramiro-Garcia J, Escamez-Picón JA, Hughes D, Mahony T, Murray M, Wilmes P, O'Flaherty V. Microbial Community Redundancy and Resilience Underpins High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Dairy-Processing Wastewater at Ambient Temperatures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:192. [PMID: 32232038 PMCID: PMC7082317 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-rate anaerobic digestion (AD) is a reliable, efficient process to treat wastewaters and is often operated at temperatures exceeding 30°C, involving energy consumption of biogas in temperate regions, where wastewaters are often discharged at variable temperatures generally below 20°C. High-rate ambient temperature AD, without temperature control, is an economically attractive alternative that has been proven to be feasible at laboratory-scale. In this study, an ambient temperature pilot scale anaerobic reactor (2 m3) was employed to treat real dairy wastewater in situ at a milk processing plant, at organic loading rates of 1.3 ± 0.6 to 10.6 ± 3.7 kg COD/m3/day and hydraulic retention times (HRT) ranging from 36 to 6 h. Consistent high levels of COD removal efficiencies, ranging from 50 to 70% for total COD removal and 70 to 84% for soluble COD removal, were achieved during the trial. Within the reactor biomass, stable active archaeal populations were observed, consisting mainly of Methanothrix (previously Methanosaeta) species, which represented up to 47% of the relative abundant active species in the reactor. The decrease in HRT, combined with increases in the loading rate had a clear effect on shaping the structure and composition of the bacterial fraction of the microbial community, however, without affecting reactor performance. On the other hand, perturbances in influent pH had a strong impact, especially when pH went higher than 8.5, inducing shifts in the microbial community composition and, in some cases, affecting negatively the performance of the reactor in terms of COD removal and biogas methane content. For example, the main pH shock led to a drop in the methane content to 15%, COD removals decreased to 0%, while the archaeal population decreased to ~11% both at DNA and cDNA levels. Functional redundancy in the microbial community underpinned stable reactor performance and rapid reactor recovery after perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Paulo
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Juan Castilla-Archilla
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Ramiro-Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - José Antonio Escamez-Picón
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dermot Hughes
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,NVP Energy Ltd., Galway Technology & Business Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thérèse Mahony
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael Murray
- NVP Energy Ltd., Galway Technology & Business Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
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15
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García‐Ruíz MJ, Castellano‐Hinojosa A, Armato C, González‐Martínez A, González‐López J, Osorio F. Biogas production and microbial community structure in a stable‐stage of a two‐stage anaerobic digester. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J. García‐Ruíz
- Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva University of Granada Granada Spain
| | | | - Caterina Armato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Torino Italy
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT@PoliTo) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Torino Italy
| | | | | | - Francisco Osorio
- Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva University of Granada Granada Spain
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16
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Acetotrophic Activity Facilitates Methanogenesis from LCFA at Low Temperatures: Screening from Mesophilic Inocula. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2019; 2019:1751783. [PMID: 31191117 PMCID: PMC6525847 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1751783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The inoculum source plays a crucial role in the anaerobic treatment of wastewaters. Lipids are present in various wastewaters and have a high methanogenic potential, but their hydrolysis results in the production of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) that are inhibitory to anaerobic microorganisms. Screening of inoculum for the anaerobic treatment of LCFA-containing wastewaters has been performed at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. However, an evaluation of inocula for producing methane from LCFA-containing wastewater has not yet been conducted at low temperatures and needs to be undertaken. In this study, three inocula (one granular sludge and two municipal digester sludges) were assessed for methane production from LCFA-containing synthetic dairy wastewater (SDW) at low temperatures (10 and 20°C). A methane yield (based on mL-CH4/g-CODadded) of 86-65% with acetate and 45-20% with SDW was achieved within 10 days using unacclimated granular sludge, whereas the municipal digester sludges produced methane only at 20°C but not at 10°C even after 200 days of incubation. The acetotrophic activity in the inoculum was found to be crucial for methane production from LCFA at low temperatures, highlighting the role of Methanosaeta (acetoclastic archaea) at low temperatures. The presence of bacterial taxa from the family Syntrophaceae (Syntrophus and uncultured taxa) in the inoculum was found to be important for methane production from SDW at 10°C. This study suggests the evaluation of acetotrophic activity and the initial microbial community characteristics by high-throughput amplicon sequencing for selecting the inoculum for producing methane at low temperatures (up to 10°C) from lipid-containing wastewaters.
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17
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López D, Sepúlveda-Mardones M, Ruiz-Tagle N, Sossa K, Uggetti E, Vidal G. Potential methane production and molecular characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland under cold and warm seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1042-1051. [PMID: 30340252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF) treating wastewater is associated with the presence of bacteria and archaea. These organisms perform anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis, which can lead to methane emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate methane production and characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities found in HSSFs treating secondary urban wastewater during cold and warm seasons. The pilot system used in this study corresponds to four HSSFs, two planted with Phragmites australis (HSSF-Phr) and two planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (HSSF-Sch), the monitoring was carried out for 1335 days. Removal efficiencies for organic matter (biological and chemical oxygen demand) and total and volatile suspended solids were evaluated in each HSSF. Moreover, biomass from each HSSF was sampled during warm and cold season, and methane productions determined by Specific Methanogenic Activity assays(maximum) (SMAm). In the same samples, the quantification and identification of bacteria and archaea were performed. The results showed that the degradation of organic matter (53-67% BOD5 and 51-62% COD) and suspended solids (85-93%) was not influenced by seasonal conditions or plant species. Potential methane production from HSSF-Sch was between 20 and 51% higher than from HSSF-Phr. Moreover, potential methane production during warm season was 3.4-42% higher than during cold season. The quantification of microorganisms in HSSFs, determined greater development of bacteria (38%) and archaea (50-57%) during the warm season. In addition, the species Schoenoplectus californicus has a larger number of bacteria (4-48%) and archaea (34-43%) than Phragmites australis. The identification of microorganisms evidenced the sequences associated with bacteria belong mainly to Firmicutes (42%), Proteobacteria (33%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). The archaea were represented primarily by Methanosarcinales, specifically Methanosaeta (75%) and Methanosarcina (16%). The community structure of the methanogenic archaea in HSSFs did not change throughout the seasons or plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela López
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Sepúlveda-Mardones
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nathaly Ruiz-Tagle
- Biofilm laboratory and Environmental Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherine Sossa
- Biofilm laboratory and Environmental Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya·Barcelona Tech., c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering Engineering & Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-CHILE Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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18
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Schalk T, Marx C, Ahnert M, Krebs P, Kühn V. Operational experience with a full-scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating municipal wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:54-68. [PMID: 30301485 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15131012188295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of moderate temperatures on the efficiency of a full-scale anaerobic treatment system consisting of a primary sedimentation unit (PST) and an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR, approx. 10 m3 ). Therefore, two trials with different test setups in series were carried out (1st trial: continuous load; 2nd trial: diurnal variation load). The plant was fed with municipal wastewater and operated at temperatures between 8 and 24°C. The mean efficiency of the ABR was low, compared to the one of the PST. At 10°C, only 10% of the COD was removed. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal efficiency of the plant (PST + ABR) averaged 50%. At low temperatures, volatile fatty acids began to accumulate. In both trials, the contents of total suspended solids in the sludge bed differed distinctly and influenced the effort for desludging. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The operation of ABR in combined collection systems depends on the efficiency of the pretreatment unit. At cold temperatures, an ABR has no advantages compared to conventional pretreatment processes. For use under moderate conditions, the design must be adjusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schalk
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Conrad Marx
- Dr. Marx Ingenieure GmbH, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Markus Ahnert
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Kühn
- Stadtentwässerung Dresden GmbH, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Hupfauf S, Plattner P, Wagner AO, Kaufmann R, Insam H, Podmirseg SM. Temperature shapes the microbiota in anaerobic digestion and drives efficiency to a maximum at 45 °C. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:309-318. [PMID: 30195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Throwing longstanding habits over the pile may be necessary to improve biogas production, in particular when it comes to the process temperature. Its effect on biogas production was investigated with lab-scale reactors operated in fed-batch mode (cattle slurry and maize straw) at 10-55 °C over six months. Biochemical and microbial changes were comprehensively investigated. Production was highest and most efficient at 45 °C with an average methane yield of 166 NL kg-1 VS, and thus 12.8% and 9.6% higher than at 37 and 55 °C. Temperature significantly affected the microbiota and higher temperature provoked a shift from Bacteroidetes/Proteobacteria to Firmicutes. A transition from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogenesis was observed from 10 to 45 °C, while the trend was reversed at 55 °C. The results contest the textbook notion of preferred and most efficient temperatures for AD and suggest reconsideration of the temperature range around 45 °C for efficient manure-based co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hupfauf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Pia Plattner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Otto Wagner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Kaufmann
- Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Marie Podmirseg
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Zhang J, Zhao W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fan C, Zang L. Recent achievements in enhancing anaerobic digestion with carbon- based functional materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:555-567. [PMID: 30037522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials such as graphite, graphene, biochar, activated carbon, carbon cloth and nano-tube, and maghemite and magnetite carbons are capable for adsorbing chemicals onto their surfaces. Currently, this review is to highlight the relevance of carbons in enhancing hydrogen or methane production. Some key roles of carbons in improving cell growth, enrichment and activity, and accelerating their co-metabolisms were elaborated with regard to their effects on syntrophic communities, interspecies electron transfer, buffering capacity, biogas upgrading, and fertilizer nutrient retention and land application. Carbons can serve as a habitation for microbial immobilization, and a provision for bioelectrical connections among cells, and provide some essential elements for anaerobes. Besides, an outlook on the possible options towards the large scale and improvement solutions has been provided. Further studies in this area could be encouraged to intend and operate continuous mode by designing carbon-amended bioreactor with stability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zejie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chuanfang Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lihua Zang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
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21
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Postawa K. Novel Solutions in Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion Process - Two-Phase AD Models Development and Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work focuses on Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion – a novel approach to split reactions’ chain in two separated tanks, each with specialized microbe community to achieve the best possible efficiency for each part of conversion. More specifically, the article tackle the topic of evaluation the possibility to adapt a mathematical model, previously dedicated for Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion (AHPD), to make use of it in simulation of Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) process. A comprehensive study of available solutions for biogas production simulation in conventional and TPAD configuration is additionally performed. Basing on its results, a reference model from literature, for comparison purpose is selected. Revisions and modifications, necessary to adjust previously developed model, to TPAD process, are described. Also, additional improvements like redesigned pH calculating algorithm is presented. Finally, the comparison between model predictions, a reference model and pilot-scale data is carried out. The results show that our current model needs further optimization, however even at this stage it provides acceptable results in short-range simulations (not longer than 42 days). Further works should focus on process stability improvement, especially in the thermophilic stage of biogas production. There's an opportunity for innovation as the research shows that requirement of accurate, large-scale optimized TPAD process model, is still not fulfilled.
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22
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New concepts in anaerobic digestion processes: recent advances and biological aspects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5065-5076. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Marlow JJ, Kumar A, Enalls BC, Reynard LM, Tuross N, Stephanopoulos G, Girguis P. Harnessing a methane-fueled, sediment-free mixed microbial community for utilization of distributed sources of natural gas. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1450-1464. [PMID: 29460958 PMCID: PMC5947824 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the metabolic potential of uncultured microbial communities is a compelling opportunity for the biotechnology industry, an approach that would vastly expand the portfolio of usable feedstocks. Methane is particularly promising because it is abundant and energy‐rich, yet the most efficient methane‐activating metabolic pathways involve mixed communities of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria. These communities oxidize methane at high catabolic efficiency and produce chemically reduced by‐products at a comparable rate and in near‐stoichiometric proportion to methane consumption. These reduced compounds can be used for feedstock and downstream chemical production, and at the production rates observed in situ they are an appealing, cost‐effective prospect. Notably, the microbial constituents responsible for this bioconversion are most prominent in select deep‐sea sediments, and while they can be kept active at surface pressures, they have not yet been cultured in the lab. In an industrial capacity, deep‐sea sediments could be periodically recovered and replenished, but the associated technical challenges and substantial costs make this an untenable approach for full‐scale operations. In this study, we present a novel method for incorporating methanotrophic communities into bioindustrial processes through abstraction onto low mass, easily transportable carbon cloth artificial substrates. Using Gulf of Mexico methane seep sediment as inoculum, optimal physicochemical parameters were established for methane‐oxidizing, sulfide‐generating mesocosm incubations. Metabolic activity required >∼40% seawater salinity, peaking at 100% salinity and 35 °C. Microbial communities were successfully transferred to a carbon cloth substrate, and rates of methane‐dependent sulfide production increased more than threefold per unit volume. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that carbon cloth‐based communities were substantially streamlined and were dominated by Desulfotomaculum geothermicum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopy with carbon cloth fibers revealed a novel spatial arrangement of anaerobic methanotrophs and sulfate reducing bacteria suggestive of an electronic coupling enabled by the artificial substrate. This system: 1) enables a more targeted manipulation of methane‐activating microbial communities using a low‐mass and sediment‐free substrate; 2) holds promise for the simultaneous consumption of a strong greenhouse gas and the generation of usable downstream products; and 3) furthers the broader adoption of uncultured, mixed microbial communities for biotechnological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Marlow
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon C Enalls
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linda M Reynard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Noreen Tuross
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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24
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Luo X, Yuan X, Wang S, Sun F, Hou Z, Hu Q, Zhai L, Cui Z, Zou Y. Methane production and characteristics of the microbial community in the co-digestion of spent mushroom substrate with dairy manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:611-620. [PMID: 29216574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a potential biomass material generated during mushroom cultivation. In this study, the methane yield and microbial community resulting from co-digestion of SMS and dairy manure (DM) at different mixing ratios (0:4, 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3), were evaluated. Co-digestion analysis showed that the methane yield from the mixtures was 6%-61% higher than the yield from SMS or DM alone, indicating a synergistic effect of co-digestion of SMS with DM. For the SMS of F.velutipes (SFv) and P.erygii var. tuoliensis (SPt), co-digestion of DM/SMS at a ratio of 1:1 was optimal, but for the SMS of P. eryngi (SPe), co-digestion of DM/SMS at a ratio of 3:1 was ideal. The pH at all co-digestion ratios was in the range of 6.8-8.0, indicating that adding DM could increase the systemic buffering capacity. Methanosaetaceae was shown to be the predominant methanogens present during the co-digestion of DM/SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanrong Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanshan Hou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiu Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Zhai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajie Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Zhang H, Wu J, Gao L, Yu J, Yuan X, Zhu W, Wang X, Cui Z. Aerobic deterioration of corn stalk silage and its effect on methane production and microbial community dynamics in anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:828-837. [PMID: 30001590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ensilage is a commonly used method of preserving energy crops for biogas production. However, aerobic deterioration of silage is an inevitable problem. This study investigated the effect of aerobic deterioration on methane production and microbial community dynamics through anaerobic digestion (AD) of maize stalk silage, following 9days air exposure of silage. After air exposure, hydrolytic activity and methanogenic archaea amount in AD were reduced, decreasing the specific methane yield (SMY); whereas lignocellulose decomposition during exposure improved the degradability of silage in AD and enhanced SMY, partially compensating the dry matter (DM) loss. 29.3% of the DM and 40.7% of methane yield were lost following 0-9days exposure. Metagenomic analysis showed a shift from Clostridia to Bacteroidia and Anaerolineae in AD after silage deterioration; Methanosaetaceae was the dominant methanogenic archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiadong Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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26
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Cai Y, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Yuan X, Zhu W, Cui Z, Wang X. Optimization of Fe 2+ supplement in anaerobic digestion accounting for the Fe-bioavailability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:163-170. [PMID: 29169090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fe is widely used as an additive in anaerobic digestion, but its bioavailability and the mechanism by which it enhances digestion are unclear. In this study, sequential extraction was used to measure Fe bioavailability, while biochemical parameters, kinetics model and Q-PCR (fluorescence quantitative PCR) were used to explore its mechanism of stimulation. The results showed that sequential extraction is a suitable method to assess the anaerobic system bioavailability of Fe, which is low and fluctuates to a limited extent (1.7 to -3.1wt%), indicating that it would be easy for Fe levels to be insufficient. Methane yield increased when the added Fe2+ was 10-500mg/L. Appropriate amounts of Fe2+ accelerated the decomposition of rice straw and facilitated methanogen metabolism, thereby improving reactor performance. The modified Gompertz model better fitted the results than the first-order kinetic model. Feasibility analysis showed that addition of Fe2+ at ≤50mg/L was suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Cai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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27
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Role and Potential of Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Digestion. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Meng X, Yuan X, Ren J, Wang X, Zhu W, Cui Z. Methane production and characteristics of the microbial community in a two-stage fixed-bed anaerobic reactor using molasses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28651321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molasses is a typical feedstock for fermentation, but the effluent is hard to treat. In this study, molasses containing a high concentration of organic matter was treated by a two-stage Fix-bed reactor system with an increased organic loading rate (OLR). The results indicated at high molasses loading rate, the two-stage system was more efficient (i.e. organic matter removal, the COD of effluent and biogas production) than the single-stage system. The relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae and W5_norank was higher in the first stage (R1), where these organisms digest carbohydrates, while the second stage (R2) had higher relative abundance of Synergistaceae and SB-1_norank, which digest VFAs and decomposition-resistant compounds to produce compounds used by hydrogen methanogens. The qPCR analysis demonstrated that the Methanosaetaceae dominated the archaeal community in the first stage (R1), while Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales were predominant in the second stage (R2), where they were involved in hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Meng
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiwei Ren
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zongjun Cui
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
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29
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Watanabe K, Koyama M, Ueda J, Ban S, Kurosawa N, Toda T. Effect of operating temperature on anaerobic digestion of the Brazilian waterweed Egeria densa and its microbial community. Anaerobe 2017; 47:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Petropoulos E, Dolfing J, Davenport RJ, Bowen EJ, Curtis TP. Developing cold-adapted biomass for the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater at low temperatures (4, 8 and 15 °C) with inocula from cold environments. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 112:100-109. [PMID: 28142091 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is the bottleneck for the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater in temperate climates. Most previous attempts to achieve anaerobic treatment at low temperatures have attempted to acclimatize mesophilic sludge and have failed at temperatures below 10-13 °C. We describe an alternative approach using communities from environments that have been exposed to low temperatures over evolutionary time-scales as seed for such reactors. Batch reactors were inoculated with a mixture of soils and sediments from the high Arctic and an Alpine lake to treat UV-sterilized raw domestic wastewater at 4, 8 and 15 °C. To evaluate the intrinsic treatment capacity of the bacteria the specific rates of methanogenesis and hydrolysis were evaluated. Specific methanogenic activity at 4, 8 and 15 °C was 6.3, 7.6 and 10.3 fmol CH4 cell-1day-1 respectively. Specific putative hydrolysis rates were 76.2, 186.6 and 251.9 fgrams COD cell-1day-1. Hydrolysis was twice as temperature sensitive as methanogenesis (Q10: 4.62 and 1.57 respectively). The specific rates are over ten times higher than we have previously observed in microcosms fed with settled wastewater at the same temperatures. The results imply that inoculating reactors with cold-adapted communities is a promising way to develop biomass capable of treating anaerobic wastewater treatment at low temperatures whilst achieving an effluent that conforms to the EC Directive COD standards. Large-scale reactors are feasible if satisfactory cell concentrations can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Petropoulos
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, England, UK
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, England, UK
| | - Russell J Davenport
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, England, UK
| | - Emma J Bowen
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, England, UK
| | - Thomas P Curtis
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, England, UK.
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31
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Venkiteshwaran K, Bocher B, Maki J, Zitomer D. Relating Anaerobic Digestion Microbial Community and Process Function. Microbiol Insights 2016; 8:37-44. [PMID: 27127410 PMCID: PMC4841157 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s33593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) involves a consortium of microorganisms that convert substrates into biogas containing methane for renewable energy. The technology has suffered from the perception of being periodically unstable due to limited understanding of the relationship between microbial community structure and function. The emphasis of this review is to describe microbial communities in digesters and quantitative and qualitative relationships between community structure and digester function. Progress has been made in the past few decades to identify key microorganisms influencing AD. Yet, more work is required to realize robust, quantitative relationships between microbial community structure and functions such as methane production rate and resilience after perturbations. Other promising areas of research for improved AD may include methods to increase/control (1) hydrolysis rate, (2) direct interspecies electron transfer to methanogens, (3) community structure-function relationships of methanogens, (4) methanogenesis via acetate oxidation, and (5) bioaugmentation to study community-activity relationships or improve engineered bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Venkiteshwaran
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - James Maki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Zitomer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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32
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Osorio F, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Archaeal and bacterial community dynamics and bioprocess performance of a bench-scale two-stage anaerobic digester. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6013-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Ozgun H, Tao Y, Ersahin ME, Zhou Z, Gimenez JB, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Impact of temperature on feed-flow characteristics and filtration performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket coupled ultrafiltration membrane treating municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:71-83. [PMID: 26141423 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the operational feasibility of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor coupled to an ultrafiltration membrane unit, at two operational temperatures (25°C and 15°C) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The results showed that membrane fouling at 15°C was more severe than that at 25°C. Higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and soluble microbial products (SMP) concentrations, lower mean particle diameter, and higher turbidity in the UASB effluent at lower temperature aggravated membrane fouling compared to the 25°C operation. However, the overall AnMBR treatment performance was not significantly affected by temperature, which was attributed to the physical membrane barrier. Cake resistance was found responsible for over 40% of the total fouling in both cases. However, an increase was observed in the contribution of pore blocking resistance at 15°C related to the larger amount of fine particles in the UASB effluent compared to 25°C. Based on the overall results, it is concluded that an AnMBR, consisting of a UASB coupled membrane unit, is not found technically feasible for the treatment of municipal wastewater at 15°C, considering the rapid deterioration of the filtration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Ozgun
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zhongbo Zhou
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Juan B Gimenez
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. De la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Henri Spanjers
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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34
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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Woodard TL, Nevin KP, Lovley DR. Enhancing syntrophic metabolism in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors with conductive carbon materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:140-5. [PMID: 25989089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Syntrophic metabolism of alcohols and fatty acids is a critical step in anaerobic digestion, which if enhanced can better stabilize the process and enable shorter retention times. Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has recently been recognized as an alternative route to hydrogen interspecies transfer as a mechanism for interspecies syntrophic electron exchange. Therefore, the possibility of accelerating syntrophic metabolism of ethanol in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors by incorporating conductive materials in reactor design was investigated. Graphite, biochar, and carbon cloth all immediately enhanced methane production and COD removal. As the hydraulic retention time was decreased the increased effectiveness of treatment in reactors with conductive materials increased versus the control reactor. When these conductive materials were removed from the reactors rates of syntrophic metabolism declined to rates comparable to the control reactor. These results suggest that incorporating conductive materials in the design of UASB reactors may enhance digester effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - T L Woodard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
| | - K P Nevin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
| | - D R Lovley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9298, USA
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35
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Zhang Y, Hu M, Li P, Wang X, Meng Q. Trichloroethylene removal and bacterial variations in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in response to temperature shifts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6091-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Bocher BTW, Cherukuri K, Maki JS, Johnson M, Zitomer DH. Relating methanogen community structure and anaerobic digester function. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:425-435. [PMID: 25562581 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Much remains unknown about the relationships between microbial community structure and anaerobic digester function. However, knowledge of links between community structure and function, such as specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and COD removal rate, are valuable to improve anaerobic bioprocesses. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) to predict SMA using methanogen community structure descriptors for 49 cultures. Community descriptors were DGGE demeaned standardized band intensities for amplicons of a methanogen functional gene (mcrA). First, predictive accuracy of MLR QSARs was assessed using cross validation with training (n = 30) and test sets (n = 19) for glucose and propionate SMA data. MLR equations correlating band intensities and SMA demonstrated good predictability for glucose (q(2) = 0.54) and propionate (q(2) = 0.53). Subsequently, data from all 49 cultures were used to develop QSARs to predict SMA values. Higher intensities of two bands were correlated with higher SMA values; high abundance of methanogens associated with these two bands should be encouraged to attain high SMA values. QSARs are helpful tools to identify key microorganisms or to study and improve many bioprocesses. Development of new, more robust QSARs is encouraged for anaerobic digestion or other bioprocesses, including nitrification, nitritation, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T W Bocher
- BP Americas Inc., Petrochemicals Technology: Water Treatment, 150 Warrenville Rd., Naperville, IL, United States
| | - K Cherukuri
- Marquette University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, United states
| | - J S Maki
- Marquette University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, United states
| | - M Johnson
- Marquette University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, United States
| | - D H Zitomer
- Marquette University, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, United States.
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Tian Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chi Y, Yang M. Rapid establishment of thermophilic anaerobic microbial community during the one-step startup of thermophilic anaerobic digestion from a mesophilic digester. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:9-19. [PMID: 25463927 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore how fast the thermophilic anaerobic microbial community could be established during the one-step startup of thermophilic anaerobic digestion from a mesophilic digester. Stable thermophilic anaerobic digestion was achieved within 20 days from a mesophilic digester treating sewage sludge by adopting the one-step startup strategy. The succession of archaeal and bacterial populations over a period of 60 days after the temperature increment was followed by using 454-pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. After the increase of temperature, thermophilic methanogenic community was established within 11 days, which was characterized by the fast colonization of Methanosarcina thermophila and two hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter spp. and Methanoculleus spp.). At the same time, the bacterial community was dominated by Fervidobacterium, whose relative abundance rapidly increased from 0 to 28.52 % in 18 days, followed by other potential thermophilic genera, such as Clostridium, Coprothermobacter, Anaerobaculum and EM3. The above result demonstrated that the one-step startup strategy could allow the rapid establishment of the thermophilic anaerobic microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06, Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yongzhi Chi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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38
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Chen S, Rotaru AE, Liu F, Philips J, Woodard TL, Nevin KP, Lovley DR. Carbon cloth stimulates direct interspecies electron transfer in syntrophic co-cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:82-86. [PMID: 25285763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the possibility that the electrical conductivity of carbon cloth accelerates direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in co-cultures. Carbon cloth accelerated metabolism of DIET co-cultures (Geobacter metallireducens-Geobacter sulfurreducens and G.metallireducens-Methanosarcina barkeri) but did not promote metabolism of co-cultures performing interspecies H2 transfer (Desulfovibrio vulgaris-G.sulfurreducens). On the other hand, DIET co-cultures were not stimulated by poorly conductive cotton cloth. Mutant strains lacking electrically conductive pili, or pili-associated cytochromes participated in DIET only in the presence of carbon cloth. In co-cultures promoted by carbon cloth, cells were primarily associated with the cloth although the syntrophic partners were too far apart for cell-to-cell biological electrical connections to be feasible. Carbon cloth seemingly mediated interspecies electron transfer between the distant syntrophic partners. These results suggest that the ability of carbon cloth to accelerate DIET should be considered in anaerobic digester designs that incorporate carbon cloth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Amelia-Elena Rotaru
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense S DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jo Philips
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Trevor L Woodard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly P Nevin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Derek R Lovley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kinnunen V, Craggs R, Rintala J. Influence of temperature and pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater grown microalgae in a laboratory-scale accumulating-volume reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 57:247-257. [PMID: 24726994 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory-scale study investigated the performance of a low-cost anaerobic digester for microalgae. Low (∼2%) solids content wastewater-grown microalgal biomass (MB) was digested in an unmixed, accumulating-volume reactor (AVR) with solid and liquid separation that enabled a long solids retention time. AVRs (2 or 20 L) were operated at 20 °C, 37 °C or ambient temperature (8-21 °C), and the influence of two pretreatments - low-temperature thermal (50-57 °C) and freeze-thaw - on algal digestion were studied. The highest methane yield from untreated MB was in the 37 °C AVR with 225 L CH4 kg volatile solids (VS)(-1), compared with 180 L CH4 kg VS(-1)added in a conventional, 37 °C completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and 101 L CH4 kg VS(-1)added in the 20 °C AVR. Freeze-thaw and low-temperature thermal pretreatments promoted protein hydrolysis and increased methane yields by 32-50% at 20 °C, compared with untreated MB. Pretreatments also increased the mineralisation of nitrogen (41-57%) and phosphorus (76-84%) during digestion. MB digestion at ambient temperature was comparable with digestion at 20 °C, until temperature dropped below 16 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viljami Kinnunen
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), P.O. Box 11-115, Gate 10, Silverdale Road, Hamilton, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Rupert Craggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), P.O. Box 11-115, Gate 10, Silverdale Road, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
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40
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Gao H, Scherson YD, Wells GF. Towards energy neutral wastewater treatment: methodology and state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1223-46. [PMID: 24777396 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional biological wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive endeavors that yield little or no recovered resources and often require significant external chemical inputs. However, with embedded energy in both organic carbon and nutrients (N, P), wastewater has the potential for substantial energy recovery from a low-value (or no-value) feedstock. A paradigm shift is thus now underway that is transforming our understanding of necessary energy inputs, and potential energy or resource outputs, from wastewater treatment, and energy neutral or even energy positive treatment is increasingly emphasized in practice. As two energy sources in domestic wastewater, we argue that the most suitable way to maximize energy recovery from wastewater treatment is to separate carbon and nutrient (particularly N) removal processes. Innovative anaerobic treatment technologies and bioelectrochemical processes are now being developed as high efficiency methods for energy recovery from waste COD. Recently, energy savings or even generation from N removal has become a hotspot of research and development activity, and nitritation-anammox, the newly developed CANDO process, and microalgae cultivation are considered promising techniques. In this paper, we critically review these five emerging low energy or energy positive bioprocesses for sustainable wastewater treatment, with a particular focus on energy optimization in management of nitrogenous oxygen demand. Taken together, these technologies are now charting a path towards to a new paradigm of resource and energy recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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41
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Siegert M, Yates M, Call DF, Zhu X, Spormann A, Logan BE. Comparison of Nonprecious Metal Cathode Materials for Methane Production by Electromethanogenesis. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2014; 2:910-917. [PMID: 24741468 PMCID: PMC3982937 DOI: 10.1021/sc400520x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In methanogenic microbial electrolysis cells (MMCs), CO2 is reduced to methane using a methanogenic biofilm on the cathode by either direct electron transfer or evolved hydrogen. To optimize methane generation, we examined several cathode materials: plain graphite blocks, graphite blocks coated with carbon black or carbon black containing metals (platinum, stainless steel or nickel) or insoluble minerals (ferrihydrite, magnetite, iron sulfide, or molybdenum disulfide), and carbon fiber brushes. Assuming a stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen (abiotic):methane (biotic) of 4:1, methane production with platinum could be explained solely by hydrogen production. For most other materials, however, abiotic hydrogen production rates were insufficient to explain methane production. At -600 mV, platinum on carbon black had the highest abiotic hydrogen gas formation rate (1600 ± 200 nmol cm-3 d-1) and the highest biotic methane production rate (250 ± 90 nmol cm-3 d-1). At -550 mV, plain graphite (76 nmol cm-3 d-1) performed similarly to platinum (73 nmol cm-3 d-1). Coulombic recoveries, based on the measured current and evolved gas, were initially greater than 100% for all materials except platinum, suggesting that cathodic corrosion also contributed to electromethanogenic gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Siegert
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew
D. Yates
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Douglas F. Call
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfred Spormann
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bruce E. Logan
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: +1 814-863-7908. Fax: +1 814-863-7304
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Xu F, Huang Z, Miao H, Ren H, Zhao M, Ruan W. Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (Blrs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:2031-2040. [PMID: 24494489 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor (R1) started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 x day), COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor (R2) started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/(m3 x day), COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics, biogas compositions, and biogas-lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.95), which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingxing Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhao H, Li J, Li J, Yuan X, Piao R, Zhu W, Li H, Wang X, Cui Z. Organic loading rate shock impact on operation and microbial communities in different anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:211-9. [PMID: 23702707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For the fixed-bed reactors in this experiment, during 40 days of stable operation and under different organic loading shocks, biogas production remained stable at 21 L, effluent pH remained between 6.8 and 7.5, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and the biogas methane content were greater than 80% and 75%, respectively. The community was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA gene clone library screening, and quantitative PCR. Findings revealed that bacteria and methanogenic archaea were typically dominant in the adhering sludge. Methanomicrobiales was identified in carbon fiber carriers, they were breeding slowly, and attached easily. The 16S rRNA gene concentration of methanogenic archaea was higher in the adhering sludge than in the deposited sludge. Our results indicated that the colonization of the microorganism played a very important role in the carbon fiber carriers, as well as in the improvement of sludge activity and the shock resistance of the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ma J, Yu L, Frear C, Zhao Q, Li X, Chen S. Kinetics of psychrophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating flushed dairy manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:6-12. [PMID: 23340098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new strategy, improving biomass retention with fiber material present within the dairy manure as biofilm carriers, was evaluated for treating flushed dairy manure in a psychrophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). A kinetic study was carried out for process control and design by comparing four microbial growth kinetic models, i.e. first order, Grau, Monod and Chen and Hashimoto models. A volumetric methane production rate of 0.24L/L/d of and a specific methane productivity of 0.19L/gVSloaded were achieved at 6days HRT. It was proved that an ASBR using manure fiber as support media not only improved methane production but also reduced the necessary HRT and temperature to achieve a similar treating efficiency compared with current technologies. The kinetic model can be used for design and optimization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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45
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Sasaki D, Sasaki K, Watanabe A, Morita M, Matsumoto N, Igarashi Y, Ohmura N. Operation of a cylindrical bioelectrochemical reactor containing carbon fiber fabric for efficient methane fermentation from thickened sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:366-373. [PMID: 23262013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A bioelectrochemical reactor (BER) containing carbon fiber fabric (CFF) (BER+CFF) enabled efficient methane fermentation from thickened sewage sludge. A cylindrical BER+CFF was proposed and scaled-up to a volume of 4.0-L. Thickened sewage sludge was treated using three types of methanogenic reactors. The working electrode potential in the BER+CFF was regulated at -0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). BER+CFF showed gas production of 3.57 L L(-1) day(-1) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.0 days; however, non-BER+CFF showed a lower gas production rate (0.83 L L(-1) day(-1)) at this HRT, suggesting positive effects of electrochemical regulation. A stirred tank reactor (without CFF) deteriorated at an HRT of 10 days, suggesting positive effects of CFF. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the BER+CFF included 3 kinds of hydrogenotrophic methanogens and 1 aceticlastic methanogen. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BER+CFF for scale-up and flexibility of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- Biotechnology Sector, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba-ken 270-1194, Japan
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Bandara WMKRTW, Kindaichi T, Satoh H, Sasakawa M, Nakahara Y, Takahashi M, Okabe S. Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at ambient temperature: Analysis of archaeal community structure and recovery of dissolved methane. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5756-5764. [PMID: 22921025 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment is an attractive option for the biological treatment of municipal wastewater. In this study, municipal wastewater was anaerobically treated with a bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at temperatures from 6 to 31 °C for 18 months to investigate total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, archaeal community structure, and dissolved methane (D-CH(4)) recovery efficiency. The COD removal efficiency was more than 50% in summer and below 40% in winter with no evolution of biogas. Analysis of the archaeal community structures of the granular sludge from the UASB using 16S rRNA gene-cloning indicated that after microorganisms had adapted to low temperatures, the archaeal community had a lower diversity and the relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens decreased together with an increase in hydrogenotrophic methanogens. D-CH(4), which was detected in the UASB effluent throughout the operation, could be collected with a degassing membrane. The ratio of the collection to recovery rates was 60% in summer and 100% in winter. For anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at lower temperatures, hydrogenotrophic methanogens play an important role in COD removal and D-CH(4) can be collected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoid wastage of energy resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasala M K R T W Bandara
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Manabu Sasakawa
- Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., Aqua Development Center, 4-1-2 Ushikawadori, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahara
- Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., Aqua Development Center, 4-1-2 Ushikawadori, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a widely applied technology to produce biogas from organic wastewater. The biogas calorific value depends on the methane-content. For biogas flows >100 m3/h, the two-step process is usually used for production of high calorific biogas from organic wastewater: the first step, anaerobic digestion; the second step, biogas purification. However, for biogas flows 3/h, biogas purification is not economical, and one-step process according to the big gap between methane and non-methane-gas in solubility at higher pressure or lower temperature, should be condidered. New anaerobic digestion processes, such as micro-aerobic process, electrolysis enhancing methane production process, process of internal circulation anaerobic digester (ICAD) with sewage source heat pump, may all enhance biogas producton or lower biogas production cost. In addition, suitable environmental conditions, such as organic loading rate (OLR), solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and surface area, are all beneficial to enhance methane fermentation. Furthermore, new operation modes and optimal dose of trace metals might be selected.
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