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Yang Y, Guo W, Hao Ngo H, Zhang X, Ye Y, Peng L, Wei C, Zhang H. Mini critical review: Membrane fouling control in membrane bioreactors by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131022. [PMID: 38914234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) hold significant promise for wastewater treatment, yet the persistent challenge of membrane fouling impedes their practical application. One promising solution lies in the synergy between microalgae and bacteria, offering efficient nutrient removal, reduced energy consumption, and potential mitigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations. Inoculating microalgae presents a promising avenue to address membrane fouling in MBRs. This review marks the first exploration of utilizing microalgae for membrane fouling control in MBR systems. The review begins with a comprehensive overview of the evolution and distinctive traits of microalgae-MBRs. It goes further insight into the performance and underlying mechanisms facilitating the reduction of membrane fouling through microalgae intervention. Moreover, the review not only identifies the challenges inherent in employing microalgae for membrane fouling control in MBRs but also illuminates prospective pathways for future advancement in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Yang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunhai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Yu H, Ko D, Lee C. Continuous cultivation of mixed-culture microalgae using anaerobic digestion effluent in photobioreactors with different strategies for adjusting nitrogen loading rate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129650. [PMID: 37558101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined continuous mixed-culture microalgae cultivation for nutrient removal from anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents in photobioreactors, while altering the NH4+-N loading rate (NLR) by adjusting either the hydraulic retention time (HRT) (reactor set RH) or the influent NH4+-N concentration (reactor set RS). Both RH and RS demonstrated efficient nutrient removal and microalgae cultivation at NLRs of 4-10 mg NH4+-N/L∙d, reaching peak performance at 10 mg NH4+-N/L∙d. Within this range, RH obtained greater biomass yield and productivity, while RS maintained higher microalgal concentrations. The cultivated biomasses obtained from RH and RS had good settleability and suitable fatty acid compositions as a biodiesel feedstock, although their organic composition varied considerably with NLR and HRT. Parachlorella overwhelmingly dominated the reactors' microalgal communities throughout the experiment, co-existing with various microalgae-associated bacteria. Changes in NLR significantly influenced the bacterial community structures, underscoring its critical role in determining reactor performance and microalgal-bacterial community behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjung Yu
- Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Ko
- Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Segredo-Morales E, González E, Figueira A, Díaz O. A bibliometric analysis of published literature on membrane photobioreactors for wastewater treatment from 2000 to 2022. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1724-1749. [PMID: 37830994 PMCID: wst_2023_295 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With the focus on limiting greenhouse gas emissions, microalgae-based technology is a promising approach for wastewater treatment, combining cost-effective operation, nutrient recovery, and assimilation of CO2. In addition, membrane technology supports process intensification and wastewater reclamation. Based on a bibliometric analysis, this paper evaluated the literature on membrane photobioreactors to highlight promising areas for future research. Specifically, efforts should be made on advancing knowledge of interactions between algae and bacteria, analysing different strategies for membrane fouling control and determining the conditions for the most cost-effective operation. The Scopus® database was used to select documents from 2000 to 2022. A set of 126 documents were found. China is the country with the highest number of publications, whereas the most productive researchers belong to the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). The analysis of 50 selected articles provides a summary of the main parameters investigated, that focus in increasing the biomass productivity and nutrient removal. In addition, microalgal-bacterial membrane photobioreactor seems to have the greatest commercialisation potential. S-curve fitting confirms that this technology is still in its growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Segredo-Morales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n. Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Química, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España E-mail:
| | - Enrique González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n. Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Química, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
| | - Andrés Figueira
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n. Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Química, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
| | - Oliver Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n. Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Química, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
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Ding M, Wang C, Woo Bae S, Yong Ng H. Enhanced nutrient removal and bioenergy production in microalgal photobioreactor following anaerobic membrane bioreactor for decarbonized wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128120. [PMID: 36244603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nutrient removal, decarbonization potentials, and bioenergy production (i.e., algal biomass and biogas) between a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) and a sequencing photobioreactor (SPBR) as the post-treatment process of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment. All photobioreactors without aeration showed favourable performance on AnMBR effluent polishing and bioenergy production. In comparison, MPBRs achieved higher removal efficiencies with 98.4 %-99.1 % NH4-N and 74.8 %-88.4 % PO4-P removal compared to the SPBRs with 41.1 %-82.0 % NH4-N and 39.6 %-72.9 % PO4-P removal. MPBRs enhanced more nutrient utilization (24.9-49.3 g(N)/(m3·d) and 3.4-8.1 g(P)/(m3·d)) and CO2 assimilation (22.9-43.4 g(C)/(m3·d)), and concentrated more microalgae with 1.58-1.98 g/L higher than the SPBRs. Moreover, the MPBR effectively upgraded the biogas from AnMBR with superior methane percentage of 89.4 %-93.4 % due to its better CO2 biofixation. The MPBR, with better carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal and bioenergy production, following AnMBR is an attractive decarbonized technology for future sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Ding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Chuansheng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Sung Woo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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Mass transfer characteristics and effect of flue gas used in microalgae culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7013-7025. [PMID: 36173453 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flue gas not only contains carbon dioxide (CO2) but also air pollutants (sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)). The effective utilization of flue gas could help us to reduce the cost of microalgal biomass production. This study assessed and explored the utilization of flue gas for the absorption characteristics of different components and their biological effect in microalgal culture systems. In abiotic absorption experiments, the absorptivity of CO2 was reduced by a maximum of 3.1%, and the concentration of the available carbon source in the culture medium was decreased by 6.7% when sulfur dioxide (SO2, at 100 mg/m3) was presented in the flue gas. Meanwhile, the presence of oxygen (O2, at 4%) in the flue gas improved the absorptivity of nitric oxide (NO). When Scenedesmus dimorphus was cultured using bisulfites and nitrites (at 10 mmol/L and 8 mmol/L, respectively) as the sulfur and nitrogen sources, SOx and NOx in the flue gas did not significantly affect growth of microalgal cells and the carbohydrate, lipid, and protein content. The consumption rates of nutrient elements were calculated, which could provide an adjustment strategy for the initial gas source when culturing microalgae with the flue gas. This study indicates that the flue gas used for microalgal culture should be partially desulfurized, so that the SOx and CO2 concentrations can optimize growth of microalgal cells, while the denitrification might not be needed since the flue gas can be oxidized to utilize the NO. KEY POINTS: • The concentration of the available carbon source in the culture medium was decreased when SO2 was presented in the flue gas, and the presence of O2 in the flue gas improved the absorptivity of NO. • An adjustment strategy for the initial gas source when culturing microalgae with the flue gas was firstly proposed. • For flue gas containing 10% CO2 and 60 mg/m3 of SO2, growth of Scenedesmus dimorphus showed no difference in cell growth in normal culture conditions.
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Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis growth in a continuous membrane photobioreactor using industrial winery wastewater. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Removal of calcium ions from aqueous solution by bovine serum albumin (BSA)-modified nanofiber membrane: Dynamic adsorption performance and breakthrough analysis. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chew KW, Khoo KS, Foo HT, Chia SR, Walvekar R, Lim SS. Algae utilization and its role in the development of green cities. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129322. [PMID: 33359993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid urbanisation happening around the world followed by the massive demand for clean energy resources, green cities play a pivotal role in building a sustainable future for the people. The continuing depletion of natural resources has led to the development of renewable energy with algae as the promising source. The high growth rate of microalgae and their strong bio-fixation ability to convert CO2 into O2 have been gaining attention globally and intensive research has been conducted regarding the microalgae benefits. The focus on potential of microalgae in contributing to the development of green cities is rising. The advantage of microalgae is their ability to gather energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide, followed by transforming the nutrients into biomass and oxygen. This leads to the creation of green cities through algae cultivation as waste and renewable materials can be put to good use. The challenges that arise when using algae and the future prospect in terms of SDGs and economy will also be covered in this review. The future of green cities can be enhanced with the adaptation of algae as the source of renewable plants to create a better outlook of an algae green city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Thung Foo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lloyd C, Tan KH, Lim KL, Valu VG, Fun SMY, Chye TR, Mak HM, Sim WX, Musa SL, Ng JJQ, Bte Nordin NS, Bte Md Aidzil N, Eng ZYW, Manickavasagam P, New JY. Identification of microalgae cultured in Bold's Basal medium from freshwater samples, from a high-rise city. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4474. [PMID: 33627771 PMCID: PMC7904821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring microalgal heterogeneity from fresh water samples collected from inland water bodies in the heavily built city of Singapore. Culturable pure isolates (n = 94) were subject to an in-house microalgal DNA extraction method and LSU rDNA sequencing. Isolates were analysed for their predominance and distribution. A total of 17 different algal genera were identified (H = 2.8, EH = 0.6), of which Scenedesmus spp. and Chlorella spp. constituted 27.5% and 21.3% of isolates respectively, followed by Micractinium spp. (18.8%) and Chlamydomonas spp. (12.5%). We also report 16 new microalgal strains from this region. The data is important from an ecological and biotechnological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore. .,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Kai Heng Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Kar Leong Lim
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Vimala Gana Valu
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Sarah Mei Ying Fun
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Teng Rong Chye
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Mak
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Wei Xiong Sim
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Sarah Liyana Musa
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Joscelyn Jun Quan Ng
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Nazurah Syazana Bte Nordin
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Nurhazlyn Bte Md Aidzil
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Zephyr Yu Wen Eng
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Punithavathy Manickavasagam
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Jen Yan New
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology - Microalgal Research Group, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore
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Huong M, Costa DT, Van Hoi B. Enhanced removal of nutrients and heavy metals from domestic-industrial wastewater in an academic campus of Hanoi using modified hybrid constructed wetlands. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1995-2006. [PMID: 33263578 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam, like many developing countries, is facing serious water quality issues due to discharging wastewaters without treatment or with improper treatment, which can constitute a potential risk for aquatic ecosystems, food safety and human health. Hybrid constructed wetlands with four substrate layers (HCW) and modified hybrid constructed wetland (MHCW-1 and MHCW-2) with seven substrate layers were designed to evaluate the enhanced treatment capacity for wastewaters. To this end, we carried out an outdoor experiment at the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam to treat its wastewaters from April to August 2019. All constructed wetland units were planted with reed Phragmites australis and cyperus Cyperus alternifolius; and specifically wetland MHCW-2 was cultured with earthworm Perionys excavates. Results indicated that MHCW-1 and MHCW-2 with seven substrate layers had higher removal efficiencies of NO3 --N, TKN and TP than HCW system. More substrate layers in MHCW-1 and MHCW-2 also resulted in increase of Cu and Pb removal efficiencies, with 73.5%, 79.4%, 71.5% and 67.8%, respectively. Particularly, earthworm addition in MHCW-2 was more efficient in decreasing the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), with removal efficiency over 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Huong
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail:
| | - Dan-Tam Costa
- Epurtek Company, 81 chemin de Mange Pommes, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, Toulouse, France
| | - Bui Van Hoi
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail:
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Hu J, Liu H, Shukla P, Lin W, Luo J. Nitrogen and phosphorus removals by the agar-immobilized Chlorella sacchrarophila with long-term preservation at room temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126406. [PMID: 32151805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized microalgae have great potential on the nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. However, their applications are challenged by how to cost-effectively maintain and preserve large number of viable and active microalgal cells. In this study, the cells of Chlorella sacchrarophila were immobilized in the agar containing with algal nutrient, encapsulated in a transparent package and preserved at room temperature. After the preservation for 200 days, microalgal cells with viability of 47-52% were maintained and could be quickly revived after the cultivation in fresh algal medium. Based on the agar-immobilized microalgae, the NH4+-N and PO43--P were efficiently removed from batch and continuous cultures, with the highest removal efficiencies ranging from 96% to 99% were observed. Even being recycled for eight times, the agar-immobilized microalgae were still able to remove 94% of NH4+-N and 66% of PO43--P. Moreover, more than 60% of the nutrient removal efficiency was determined even the agar-immobilized microalgae being preserved for 120 days at room temperature. This work provides a simple, cost-effective and practicable method for the long-term preservation of microalgae at room temperature, which makes the application of microalgal species on the nutrient removal during wastewater treatment more convenient and useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Weitie Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jianfei Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Feng X, Chen Y, Lv J, Han S, Tu R, Zhou X, Jin W, Ren N. Enhanced lipid production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa through magnetic field pretreatment of wastewater and treatment of microalgae-wastewater culture solution: Magnetic field treatment modes and conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123102. [PMID: 32179399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of microalgae in municipal wastewater not only purifies the wastewater but also transforms nutrients into biomass that contains high-value lipids. In this study, conventional static bottom-magnetic field (bottom-MF) equipment and cost-effective bypass-magnetic field (bypass-MF) equipment were designed and independently coupled with a microalgae-wastewater system in different positions to evaluate the effect of magnetic field (MF) on microalgae biomass production and lipid accumulation. When the MF equipment was applied in the wastewater pretreatment unit, the bottom-MF pretreatment mode exhibited a more beneficial effect on subsequent biomass and lipid accumulation. However, when the MF equipment was applied in the microalgae-wastewater culture unit, there was no significant difference between the bottom-MF and bypass-MF modes. The results of the orthogonal experiment suggested the optimum conditions for lipid production were wastewater pretreatment by bottom-MF at 5000 Gs for 1 h, followed by microalgae-wastewater culture treatment by bypass-MF at 5000 Gs for 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Feng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Yangguang Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; Guangzhou Metro Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, PR China
| | - Junhong Lv
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Songfang Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Renjie Tu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Microalgal Growth in Paper Industry Effluent: Coupling Biomass Production with Nutrients Removal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Paper and pulp industries produce effluents with high phosphorus concentrations, which need to be treated before their discharge in watercourses. The use of microalgae for this purpose has attracted the attention of researchers because: (i) microalgae can assimilate phosphorus (one of the main nutrients for their growth); and (ii) growing on effluents can significantly reduce the costs and environmental impact of microalgal biomass production. This study evaluated the growth and ability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove the phosphorus from a secondary-treated effluent of a Portuguese paper company. Batch experiments were performed for 11 days using different dilutions of the effluent to evaluate its inhibitory effect on microalgae. Results showed that the non-diluted effluent inhibited microalgal growth, indicating that this bioremediation process is possible after a previous dilution of the effluent. Regarding phosphorus removal, promising results were achieved, especially in the experiments conducted with the most diluted effluent: removal efficiencies obtained in these conditions were (54 ± 1)%. Another interesting finding of this study was microalgal growth in flakes’ form (mainly due to the compounds present in the effluent and to the pH values achieved), which can be an important economic advantage for biomass recovery after the remediation step.
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Bélanger-Lépine F, Lemire-Lamothe M, Tremblay A, Rondeau S, Marchand P, Huot Y, Barnabé S. Cultivation of an Algae-Bacteria Consortium in a Mixture of Industrial Wastewater to Obtain Valuable Products for Local Use. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Bélanger-Lépine
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Lemire-Lamothe
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Tremblay
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Rondeau
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Yannick Huot
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Barnabé
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Kumar R, Ghosh AK, Pal P. Synergy of biofuel production with waste remediation along with value-added co-products recovery through microalgae cultivation: A review of membrane-integrated green approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134169. [PMID: 31505365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel from renewable resources is critical for the earth's sustainable management and to slow down the global climate change by partial replacement of gasoline and diesel in the transport sector. Being a diverse group of aquatic micro-organisms, algae are the most prominent resources on the planet, distributed in an aquatic system, a potential source of bioenergy, biomass and secondary metabolites. Microalgae-based biofuel production is widely accepted as non-food fuel sources and better choice for achieving goals of incorporation of a clean fuel source into the transportation sector. The present review article provides a comprehensive literature survey as well as a novel approach on the application of microalgae for their simultaneous cultivation and bioremediation of high nutrient containing wastewater. In addition to that, merits and demerits of different existing conventional techniques for microalgae culture reactors, harvesting of algal biomass, oil recovery, use of different catalysts for transesterification reactions and other by-products recovery have been discussed and compared with the membrane-based system to find out the best optimal conditions for higher biomass as well as lipid yield. This article also deals with the use of a tailor-made membrane in an appropriate module that can be used in upstream and downstream processes during algal-based biofuels production. Such membrane-integrated system has the potential of low-cost and eco-friendly separation, purification and concentration enrichment of biodiesel as well as other valuable algal by-products which can bring the high degree of process intensification for scale-up at the industrial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India.
| | - Alak Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209, India
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High Nitrate and Phosphate Ions Reduction in Modified Low Salinity Fresh Water through Microalgae Cultivation. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of nitrate and phosphate ions in fresh water such as streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands through biological treatment has been getting more crucial and popular in recent years. This paper reports the reduction of nitrate and phosphate ions in modified low salinity fresh water via the cultivation of a microalgae strain, e.g., Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. The low salinity fresh water (9054 to 9992 ppm) was modified with the addition of organic fertiliser (VermiCompost Tea) and used as the cultivation medium to grow microalgae. The microalgae strains were grown under controlled conditions in an indoor laboratory for 14 days. The initial concentrations of nitrate and phosphate ions in the modified fresh water sample were 1.17 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The reduction of nitrate and phosphate ions associated with the effect of cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. in ambient air (0.03% of CO2) and 15% of CO2 was investigated. In ambient air, the cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. greatly reduced the nitrate ions concentration from 5.96 ± 0.28 to 0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L and from 2.35 ± 0.19 to 0.59 ± 0.08 mg/L, respectively. A 100% reduction of phosphate ions was observed in the cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. from 0.52 ± 0.10 mg/L in 13 days of and from 0.63 ± 0.15 mg/L in 6 days, respectively. Meanwhile, with the aeration of 15% of CO2, after the 14 days cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. reduced the nitrate ions concentration from 5.27 ± 0.06 to 1.80 ± 0.20 mg/L and from 4.73 ± 0.12 to 2.80 ± 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The excessive CO2 in water consequently lowered the pH of water medium from 7.18 to 6.60 due to the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3). It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in Sungai Sura (4°42″28.2° N 103°26″12.1° E) while cultivating microalgae through biological treatment to produce biomass for biofuel production.
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Liao Y, Bokhary A, Maleki E, Liao B. A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:343-358. [PMID: 29983228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have received much attention in microalgae biorefinery for nutrients removal from wastewater, carbon dioxide abatement from the air as well as the production of value-added products and biofuel in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on membrane fouling issues and its control in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and other algal-related membrane processes (harvesting, dewatering, and biofuel production). The mechanisms of membrane fouling and factors affecting membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are systematically reviewed. Also, strategies to control membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in membrane fouling control in algal-related membrane technologies are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Esmat Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Chen X, Li Z, He N, Zheng Y, Li H, Wang H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Li Q, Peng Y. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from anaerobically digested wastewater by microalgae cultured in a novel membrane photobioreactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:190. [PMID: 30002730 PMCID: PMC6036682 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the further development of anaerobic digestion, an increasing output of anaerobically digested wastewater (ADW), which typically contained high concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, and suspended solids, was inevitable. Microalgae cultivation offered a potential waste-to-value strategy to reduce the high nutrient content in ADW and obtain high value-added microalgae. However, ADW generally contained a mass of pollutants (suspended solids, competitors, etc.), which could inhibit microalgae growth and even result in microalgae death by limiting light utilization. Thus, it is highly imperative to solve the problem by a novel modified photobioreactor for further practical applications. RESULTS Four microalgae species, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Chlorella vulgaris ESP-6, were cultivated in the membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) fed with ADW to investigate the efficiency of ammonia and phosphorus removal. The results showed that C. sorokiniana had the best performance for the removal of ammonia and phosphorus from ADW. The highest amount of C. sorokiniana biomass was 1.15 g/L, and the removal efficiency of phosphate (66.2%) peaked at an ammonia concentration of 128.5 mg/L after 9 days' incubation. Moreover, the MPBR with 0.1 μm membrane pore size had the best ammonia and phosphate removal efficiencies (43.9 and 64.9%) at an ammonia concentration of 128.5 mg/L during 9 days' incubation. Finally, the continuous multi-batch cultivation of C. sorokiniana was performed for 45 days in MPBR, and higher removal ammonia amount (18.1 mg/day) and proteins content (45.6%) were obtained than those (14.5 mg/day and 37.4%) in an normal photobioreactor. CONCLUSION In this study, a novel MPBR not only eliminated the inhibitory effects of suspended solid and microorganisms, but also maintained a high microalgae concentration to obtain a high amount of ammonia and phosphate removal. The research provided a theoretical foundation for the practical application of MPBRs in various wastewater treatment schemes without pretreatment by algae, which could be used as biofuels or protein feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - YaJuan Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Ying K, Chen G, Zhou C, Zhang W, Zhang X, Cai Z, Holmes T, Tao Y. Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and nutrient removal in the wastewater in response to intermittent carbon dioxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:977-985. [PMID: 28835006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were cultured in cell culture flask supplied with intermittent CO2 enriched gas. The impact of CO2 concentration (from 1% to 20% v/v) on the growth of C. vulgaris cultured in domestic wastewater was exploited in various perspectives which include biomass, specific growth rate, culture pH, carbon consumption, and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The results showed that the maximum microalgal biomass concentration, 1.12 g L-1, was achieved with 10% CO2 as a feed gas. At 20% CO2 the growth of C. vulgaris suffered from inhibition during initial 1.5 d, but acclimated to low pH (6.3 in average) with relatively higher specific growth rate (0.3-0.5 d-1) during subsequent culture period. After the rapid consumption of ammonium in the wastewater, an obvious decline in the nitrate concentration was observed, indicating that C. vulgaris prefer ammonium as a primary nitrogen source. The total nitrogen and phosphorus decreased from 44.0 mg L-1 to 2.1-5.4 mg L-1 and from 5.2 mg L-1 to 0-0.6 mg L-1 within 6.5 d under the aeration of 1-20% CO2, respectively, but no significant difference in consumed nitrogen versus phosphorus ratio was observed among different CO2 concentration. The kinetics of nutrients removal were also determined through the application of pseudo first order kinetic model. 5-10% CO2 aeration was optimal for the growth of C. vulgaris in the domestic wastewater, based on the coupling of carbon consumption, microalgal biomass, the nutrients removal and kinetics constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kezhen Ying
- Ocean Science and Technology Department, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangyao Chen
- Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Canwei Zhou
- Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr., Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Ocean Science and Technology Department, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Thomas Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S13JD, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Tao
- Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Gonçalves AL, Pires JC, Simões M. A review on the use of microalgal consortia for wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Luo Y, Le-Clech P, Henderson RK. Simultaneous microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment in submerged membrane photobioreactors: A review. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Praveen P, Heng JYP, Loh KC. Tertiary wastewater treatment in membrane photobioreactor using microalgae: Comparison of forward osmosis & microfiltration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:448-457. [PMID: 27756022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of wastewater with high nitrogen and phosphorus content is a major cause of eutrophication. In this study, a microfiltration-based membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) and forward osmosis-based osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) have been operated with Chlorella vulgaris for continuous tertiary wastewater treatment. Both the bioreactors exhibited good biomass accumulation (over 2g/L), although the OMPBR achieved better nutrients removal due to high rejection properties of the membranes. At 2days HRT, the OMPBR achieved nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of 86-99% and 100%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in the MPBR were 48-97% and 46%, respectively. Based on the energy input, the total operating costs for OMPBR were 32-45% higher than that of the MPBR, and filtration cost for OMPBR was 3.5-4.5 folds higher than that of the MPBR. These results indicate that the integration of membrane filtration with photobioreactors is promising in microalgae-based tertiary wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Praveen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yun Ping Heng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Pereira SFL, Gonçalves AL, Moreira FC, Silva TFCV, Vilar VJP, Pires JCM. Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate by Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1926. [PMID: 27869676 PMCID: PMC5133922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Landfill leachates result from the degradation of solid residues in sanitary landfills, thus presenting a high variability in terms of composition. Normally, these effluents are characterized by high ammoniacal-nitrogen (N-NH₄⁺) concentrations, high chemical oxygen demands and low phosphorus concentrations. The development of effective treatment strategies becomes difficult, posing a serious problem to the environment. Phycoremediation appears to be a suitable alternative for the treatment of landfill leachates. In this study, the potential of Chlorella vulgaris for biomass production and nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) removal from different compositions of a landfill leachate was evaluated. Since microalgae also require phosphorus for their growth, different loads of this nutrient were evaluated, giving the following N:P ratios: 12:1, 23:1 and 35:1. The results have shown that C. vulgaris was able to grow in the different leachate compositions assessed. However, microalgal growth was higher in the cultures presenting the lowest N-NH₄⁺ concentration. In terms of nutrients uptake, an effective removal of N-NH₄⁺ and phosphorus was observed in all the experiments, especially in those supplied with phosphorus. Nevertheless, N-NO₃- removal was considered almost negligible. These promising results constitute important findings in the development of a bioremediation technology for the treatment of landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio F L Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca C Moreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José C M Pires
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia (LEPABE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Overview of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their applications. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1225-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yewalkar-Kulkarni S, Gera G, Nene S, Pandare K, Kulkarni B, Kamble S. Exploiting Phosphate-Starved cells of Scenedesmus sp. for the Treatment of Raw Sewage. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 57:241-249. [PMID: 28611503 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate depletion is one of the favorable ways to enhance the sewage water treatment with the algae, however, detailed information is essential with respect to internal phosphate concentration and physiology of the algae. The growth rate of the phosphate-starved Scenedesmus cells was reduced drastically after 48 h. Indicating cells entered in the stationary phase of the growth cycle. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis of phosphate-starved Scenedesmus cells showed the reduction in internal phosphate concentration and an increase in carbohydrate/phosphate and carbohydrate/lipid ratio. The phosphate-starved Scenedesmus cells, with an initial cell density of, 1 × 106 cells mL-1 shows 87% phosphate and 100 % nitrogen removal in 24 h. The normal Scenedesmus cells need approximately 48 h to trim down the nutrients from wastewater up to this extent. Other microalgae, Ankistrodesmus, growth pattern was not affected due to phosphate starvation. The cells of Ankistrodesmus was able to reduce 71% phosphate and 73% nitrogen within 24 h, with an initial cell density of, 1 × 106 cells mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Yewalkar-Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Gayatri Gera
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Sanjay Nene
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Kiran Pandare
- Polymer Science Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Bhaskar Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Sanjay Kamble
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
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Ruiz-Martínez A, Serralta J, Seco A, Ferrer J. Modeling light and temperature influence on ammonium removal by Scenedesmus sp. under outdoor conditions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1964-1970. [PMID: 27789897 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ammonium removal rate of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. was studied under outdoor conditions. Microalgae were grown in a 500 L flat-plate photobioreactor and fed with the effluent of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Temperature ranged between 9.5 °C and 32.5 °C and maximum light intensity was 1,860 μmol·m-2·s-1. A maximum specific ammonium removal rate of 3.71 mg NH4+-N·g TSS-1·h-1 was measured (at 22.6 °C and with a light intensity of 1,734 μmol·m-2·s-1). A mathematical model considering the influence of ammonium concentration, light and temperature was validated. The model successfully reproduced the observed values of ammonium removal rate obtained and it is thus presented as a useful tool for plant operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Martínez
- Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente (IIAMA), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain E-mail:
| | - Joaquin Serralta
- Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente (IIAMA), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain E-mail:
| | - Aurora Seco
- Universitat de València, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ferrer
- Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente (IIAMA), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain E-mail:
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Lahin FA, Sarbatly R, Suali E. Polishing of POME by Chlorella sp. in suspended and immobilized system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/36/1/012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Praveen P, Loh KC. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from tertiary wastewater in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:180-187. [PMID: 26859325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) was designed and operated for 162days for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris. The removal efficiency for NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N and PO4(3-)-P reached as high as 95%, 53% and 89%, whereas the maximum removal rates were 3.41 mg/L-day, 0.20 mg/L-day and 0.8 mg/L-day, respectively. The microalgae exhibited high tendency to aggregate and attached to the bioreactor and membrane surfaces, and total biomass accumulation in the OMPBR was over 5 g/L. Salt accumulation and biofouling had adverse effects on membrane filtration, but the performance could be recovered through periodic backwashing of the membranes. Extracellular polymeric substances characterization indicated higher fraction of polysaccharides as compared to proteins. The biomass in the OMPBR accumulated higher levels of carbohydrates and chlorophyll. These results indicate the suitability of OMPBR in wastewater treatment and in high-density microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Praveen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Praveen P, Loh KC. Osmotic membrane bioreactor for phenol biodegradation under continuous operation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:115-122. [PMID: 26651068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous phenol biodegradation was accomplished in a two-phase partitioning osmotic membrane bioreactor (TPPOMBR) system, using extractant impregnated membranes (EIM) as the partitioning phase. The EIMs alleviated substrate inhibition during prolonged operation at influent phenol concentrations of 600-2000mg/L, and also at spiked concentrations of 2500mg/L phenol restricted to 2 days. Filtration of the effluent through forward osmosis maintained high biomass concentration in the bioreactor and improved effluent quality. Steady state was reached in 5-6 days at removal rates varying between 2000 and 5500mg/L-day under various conditions. Due to biofouling and salt accumulation, the permeate flux varied from 1.2-7.2 LMH during 54 days of operation, while maintaining an average hydraulic retention time of 7.4h. A washing cycle, comprising 1h osmotic backwashing using 0.5M NaCl and 2h washing with water, facilitated biofilm removal from the membranes. Characterization of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) through FTIR showed peaks between 1700 and 1500cm(-1), 1450-1450cm(-1) and 1200-1000cm(-1), indicating the presence of proteins, phenols and polysaccharides, respectively. The carbohydrate to protein ratio in the EPS was estimated to be 0.3. These results indicate that TPPOMBR can be promising in continuous treatment of phenolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Praveen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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Mujtaba G, Lee K. Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Using Symbiotic Co-culture of Microalgae and Bacteria. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Chen B, Li F, Liu N, Ge F, Xiao H, Yang Y. Role of extracellular polymeric substances from Chlorella vulgaris in the removal of ammonium and orthophosphate under the stress of cadmium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:299-306. [PMID: 25965255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between the soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS), bound EPS (B-EPS) of algae and heavy metal, would affect the removal of ammonium (NH4(+)-N) and orthophosphate (PO4(3-)-P) from wastewater by algae-based techniques. This study investigated the role of Cd(2+)-mediated EPS from Chlorella vulgaris on NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P removal. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P still separately remained 62.6% and 64.9% under 1.0mg/L Cd(2+), compared to those without Cd(2+), mainly attributing to enhanced S-EPS and B-EPS contents of the algae. The increased of PS (polysaccharides) and PN (proteins, e.g., tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components) led to accelerated interactions of Cd(2+) with PS and PN in EPS fractions, especially for B-EPS, due to a higher detected distribution of Cd(2+) (e.g., about 55.4% in B-EPS). Thus, algae-based techniques are stable treatment methods for wastewater in which NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P coexist with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Huaixian Xiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Gao F, Yang ZH, Li C, Zeng GM, Ma DH, Zhou L. A novel algal biofilm membrane photobioreactor for attached microalgae growth and nutrients removal from secondary effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:8-12. [PMID: 25514396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel algal biofilm membrane photobioreactor (BMPBR) equipped with solid carriers and submerged membrane module was developed for attached growth of Chlorella vulgaris and secondary effluent treatment. The volumetric microalgae production achieved in BMPBR was 0.072 g L(-1) d(-1), which was 1.44-fold larger than that in suspended growth membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). Furthermore, 72.4% of the total produced algal biomass was immobilized as algal biofilm in BMPBR. Advanced nutrients removal from secondary effluent was achieved both in BMPBR and MPBR, with average reduction of about 85% for PO4(3-)-P in the stable stage. Additionally, BMPBR showed better nitrogen removal performance than MPBR due to its higher algal biomass productivity. Moreover, with the filtration effect of the submerged membrane module in the reactor, suspended microalgae could be completely isolated from the effluent and a low average SS concentration of 0.28 mg L(-1) was achieved in the effluent of BMPBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dan-Hui Ma
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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Sarbatly R, Suali E, Lahin FA, Chiam CK. Membrane Processes for Microalgae in Carbonation and Wastewater Treatment. ADVANCES IN BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY 2015:371-386. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17915-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Choi H. Intensified Production of Microalgae and Removal of Nutrient Using a Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor (MMBR). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2195-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Sforza E, Ramos-Tercero EA, Gris B, Bettin F, Milani A, Bertucco A. Integration of Chlorella protothecoides production in wastewater treatment plant: From lab measurements to process design. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Bilad MR, Arafat HA, Vankelecom IFJ. Membrane technology in microalgae cultivation and harvesting: a review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1283-1300. [PMID: 25109678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes have long been applied in different stages of microalgae cultivation and processing. These processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, forward osmosis, membrane contactors and membrane spargers. They are implemented in many combinations, both as a standalone and as a coupled system (in membrane biomass retention photobioreactors (BR-MPBRs) or membrane carbonation photobioreactors (C-MPBRs). To provide sufficient background on these applications, an overview of membrane materials and membrane processes of interest in microalgae cultivation and processing is provided in this work first. Afterwards, discussion about specific aspects of membrane applications in microbial cultivation and harvesting is provided, including membrane fouling. Many of the membrane processes were shown to be promising options in microalgae cultivation. Yet, significant process optimizations are still required when they are applied to enable microalgae biomass bulk production to become competitive as a raw material for biofuel production. Recent developments of the coupled systems (BR-MPBR and C-MPBR) bring significant promises to improve the volumetric productivity of a cultivation system and the efficiency of inorganic carbon capture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Marbelia L, Bilad MR, Passaris I, Discart V, Vandamme D, Beuckels A, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. Membrane photobioreactors for integrated microalgae cultivation and nutrient remediation of membrane bioreactors effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 163:228-35. [PMID: 24814249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of a new concept of wastewater treatment by combining a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a microalgae membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) is assessed in this study. In this system, the organic carbon present in wastewater is expected to be fully oxidized in the MBR, while the nutrients are removed via the subsequent MPBR treatment. The effluent of a lab-scale MBR was fed into a PBR and a MPBR which served as growing medium for Chlorella vulgaris. The MPBRs demonstrated their superiority by limiting the algae wash-out, thus increasing the allowable optimum dilution rate (Dopt). At these corresponding Dopt values, 3.5 and 2 times higher biomass concentrations and volumetric productivities respectively were achieved by the MPBR. It is also possible to run the MPBR at still higher biomass concentration, thus enabling a smaller footprint and higher nutrient removal efficiency. However, reduced nutrient removal efficiencies were found to be one possible drawback.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marbelia
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Passaris
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Discart
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Vandamme
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - A Beuckels
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - K Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Cultivation of Chlorella protothecoides with Urban Wastewater in Continuous Photobioreactor: Biomass Productivity and Nutrient Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1470-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bu F, Xu X. Planted floating bed performance in treatment of eutrophic river water. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9651-9662. [PMID: 23737127 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to treat eutrophic river water using floating beds and to identify ideal plant species for design of floating beds. Four parallel pilot-scale units were established and vegetated with Canna indica (U1), Accords calamus (U2), Cyperus alternifolius (U3), and Vetiveria zizanioides (U4), respectively, to treat eutrophic river water. The floating bed was made of polyethylene foam, and plants were vegetated on it. Results suggest that the floating bed is a viable alternative for treating eutrophic river water, especially for inhibiting algae growth. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 6.53 to 18.45 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) from 6.82 to 12.25 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) from 0.65 to 1.64 mg/L, and Chla from 6.22 to 66.46 g/m(3), the removal of COD, TN, TP, and Chla was 15.3%-38.4%, 25.4%-48.4%, 16.1%-42.1%, and 29.9 %-88.1%, respectively. Ranked by removal performance, U1 was best, followed by U2, U3, and U4. In the floating bed, more than 60% TN and TP were removed by sedimentation; plant uptake was quantitatively of low importance with an average removal of 20.2% of TN and 29.4% of TP removed. The loss of TN (TP) was of the least importance. Compared with the other three, U1 exhibited better dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient distributions, higher DO levels, higher hydraulic efficiency, and a higher percentage of nutrient removal attributable to plant uptake; in addition, plant development and the volume of nutrient storage in the C. indica tissues outperformed the other three species. C. indica thus could be selected when designing floating beds for the Three Gorges Reservoir region of P. R. China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faping Bu
- Environmental Protection Bureau of Fengjie County, Chongqing, 404600, People's Republic of China,
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40
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Liang Z, Ge F, Zeng H, Xu Y, Peng F, Wong M. Influence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on nutrient uptake and cell responses of Chlorella vulgaris. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 138-139:81-87. [PMID: 23721850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The removal of nutrients by algae is regarded as a vital process in wastewater treatment, however algal cell activity can be inhibited by some toxic chemicals during the biological process. This study investigated the uptake of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺) and total phosphorus (TP) by a green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and algal cell responses under the stress of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a representative for quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs, cationic surfactants). When the concentration of CTAB increased from 0 to 0.6 mg/L, the uptake efficiencies of NH₄⁺ and TP decreased from 88% to 18% and from 96% to 15%, respectively. Algal cell responses showed a decline in photosynthesis activity as indicated by the increase of chlorophyll autofluorescence from 2.9 a.u. to 25.3 a.u.; and a decrease of cell viability from 88% to 51%; and also a drop in esterase activity as indicated by the decrease in fluorescence of fluorescein diacetate stained cells from 71.5 a.u. to 4.7 a.u. Additionally, a transcription and translation response was confirmed by an enhancement of PO peak and amide II peak in algal cellular macromolecular composition stimulated by CTAB. The results suggest that QACs in wastewater may inhibit nutrient uptake by algae significantly through declining algal cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
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