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Turner W, Greetham D, Du C. The characterisation of Wickerhamomyces anomalus M15, a highly tolerant yeast for bioethanol production using seaweed derived medium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1028185. [PMID: 36312543 PMCID: PMC9608644 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1028185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced generation biofuels have potential for replacing fossil fuels as society moves forward into a net-zero carbon future. Marine biomass is a promising source of fermentable sugars for fermentative bioethanol production; however the medium derived from seaweed hydrolysis contains various inhibitors, such as salts that affected ethanol fermentation efficiency. In this study the stress tolerance of a marine yeast, Wickerhamomyces anomalus M15 was characterised. Specific growth rate analysis results showed that Wickerhamomyces anomalus M15 could tolerate up to 600 g/L glucose, 150 g/L xylose and 250 g/L ethanol, respectively. Using simulated concentrated seaweed hydrolysates, W. anomalus M15’s bioethanol production potential using macroalgae derived feedstocks was assessed, in which 5.8, 45.0, and 19.9 g/L ethanol was produced from brown (Laminaria digitata), green (Ulva linza) and red seaweed (Porphyra umbilicalis) based media. The fermentation of actual Ulva spp. hydrolysate harvested from United Kingdom shores resulted in a relatively low ethanol concentration (15.5 g/L) due to challenges that arose from concentrating the seaweed hydrolysate. However, fed-batch fermentation using simulated concentrated green seaweed hydrolysate achieved a concentration of 73 g/L ethanol in fermentations using both seawater and reverse osmosis water. Further fermentations conducted with an adaptive strain W. anomalus M15-500A showed improved bioethanol production of 92.7 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L glucose and reduced lag time from 93 h to 24 h in fermentation with an initial glucose concentration of 500 g/L. The results indicated that strains W. anomalus M15 and W. anomalus M15-500A have great potential for industrial bioethanol production using marine biomass derived feedstocks. It also suggested that if a concentrated high sugar content seaweed hydrolysate could be obtained, the bioethanol concentration could achieve 90 g/L or above, exceeding the minimum industrial production threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Turner
- School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Greetham
- School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chenyu Du
- School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chenyu Du,
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2
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Sultana F, Wahab MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Mohiuddin M, Iqbal MZ, Shakil A, Mamun AA, Khan MSR, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Seaweed farming for food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and women empowerment: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Effects of low industrial-grade seaweed (LIGS) in natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang P, Wong ACY, Hsieh YSY, Wang D. Recent Advances in Bioutilization of Marine Macroalgae Carbohydrates: Degradation, Metabolism, and Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1438-1453. [PMID: 35089725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are considered renewable natural resources due to their high carbohydrate content, which gives better utilization value in biorefineries and higher value conversion than first- and second-generation biomass. However, due to the diverse composition, complex structure, and rare metabolic pathways of macroalgae polysaccharides, their bioavailability needs to be improved. In recent years, enzymes and pathways related to the degradation and metabolism of macroalgae polysaccharides have been continuously developed, and new microbial fermentation platforms have emerged. Aiming at the bioutilization and transformation of macroalgae resources, this review describes the latest research results from the direction of green degradation, biorefining, and metabolic pathway design, including summarizing the the latest biorefining technology and the fermentation platform design of agarose, alginate, and other polysaccharides. This information will provide new research directions and solutions for the biotransformation and utilization of marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peiyao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ann C Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 11421 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Sasaki Y, Yoshikuni Y. Metabolic engineering for valorization of macroalgae biomass. Metab Eng 2022; 71:42-61. [PMID: 35077903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae have huge potential as feedstocks for production of a wide spectrum of chemicals used in biofuels, biomaterials, and bioactive compounds. Harnessing macroalgae in these ways could promote wellbeing for people while mitigating climate change and environmental destruction linked to use of fossil fuels. Microorganisms play pivotal roles in converting macroalgae into valuable products, and metabolic engineering technologies have been developed to extend their native capabilities. This review showcases current achievements in engineering the metabolisms of various microbial chassis to convert red, green, and brown macroalgae into bioproducts. Unique features of macroalgae, such as seasonal variation in carbohydrate content and salinity, provide the next challenges to advancing macroalgae-based biorefineries. Three emerging engineering strategies are discussed here: (1) designing dynamic control of metabolic pathways, (2) engineering strains of halophilic (salt-tolerant) microbes, and (3) developing microbial consortia for conversion. This review illuminates opportunities for future research communities by elucidating current approaches to engineering microbes so they can become cell factories for the utilization of macroalgae feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasaki
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yasuo Yoshikuni
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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6
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Abstract
Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change, and as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources (e.g., renewables) are becoming more attractive. Biofuels such as bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil fuels and can be compatible with the existing fleet of internal combustion engines. Incorporation of biofuels can reduce internal combustion engine (ICE) fleet carbon dioxide emissions. Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose, to ethanol. Traditional feedstocks (e.g., first-generation feedstock) include cereal grains, sugar cane, and sugar beets. However, due to concerns regarding food sustainability, lignocellulosic (second-generation) and algal biomass (third-generation) feedstocks have been investigated. Ethanol yield from fermentation is dependent on a multitude of factors. This review compares bioethanol production from a range of feedstocks, and elaborates on available technologies, including fermentation practices. The importance of maintaining nutrient homeostasis of yeast is also examined. The purpose of this review is to provide industrial producers and policy makers insight into available technologies, yields of bioethanol achieved by current manufacturing practices, and goals for future innovation.
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7
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Del Río PG, Gullón B, Pérez-Pérez A, Romaní A, Garrote G. Microwave hydrothermal processing of the invasive macroalgae Sargassum muticum within a green biorefinery scheme. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125733. [PMID: 34426234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the multiproduct valorization of the invasive macroalgae Sargassum muticum within a green biorefinery concept using microwave hydrothermal treatment. Temperatures of 160 and 180 °C for 0-60 min (severities 1.62-3.54) were evaluated, allowing a recovery of a liquid phase rich in fucoidan-derived compounds (up to 4.81 g/L), oligomers and phenolics with antioxidant capacity (up to 2.85 g TE/L by ABTS assay), and a high-enzymatically susceptible solid (glucan to glucose conversion 76-100% in 9 h) suitable for bioethanol production (20.5 g/L in 18 h, corresponding to 96% ethanol yield). Moreover, energy consumption of the pretreatments' temperature-time binomial was evaluated showing significant differences, demonstrating the advantages of microwave as alternative heating pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Del Río
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Pérez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Aloia Romaní
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gil Garrote
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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9
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Acid hydrolysis conditions for the production of fine chemicals from Gracilaria birdiae alga biomass. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Steinbruch E, Drabik D, Epstein M, Ghosh S, Prabhu MS, Gozin M, Kribus A, Golberg A. Hydrothermal processing of a green seaweed Ulva sp. for the production of monosaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and hydrochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124263. [PMID: 33099101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the fermentation and bioenergy industry, terrestrial biomass is usually fractionated and the collected components, such as starch, are processed separately. Such a separation has not been reported for seaweeds. In this work, the direct hydrothermal processing of the whole green seaweed Ulva sp. biomass is compared to processing of separated starch and cellulose, to find the preferable route for monosaccharide, hydrochar, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. Glucose was the major released monosaccharide. A significant share of the glucose yield comes from the starch fraction. The highest hydrochar yield with the lowest ash content was obtained from the separated cellulose fraction. The highest PHA yield was obtained using a whole Ulva sp. hydrolysate fermentation with Haloferaxmediterranei. Economic analysis shows the advantage of direct Ulva sp. biomass fermentation to PHA. The co-production of glucose and hydrochar does not add significant economic benefits to the process under plausible prices of the two outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Steinbruch
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dusan Drabik
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Epstein
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meghanath S Prabhu
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Rudke AR, de Andrade CJ, Ferreira SRS. Kappaphycus alvarezii macroalgae: An unexplored and valuable biomass for green biorefinery conversion. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Greetham D, Adams JM, Du C. The utilization of seawater for the hydrolysis of macroalgae and subsequent bioethanol fermentation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9728. [PMID: 32546695 PMCID: PMC7297732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel seawater-based pretreatment process was developed to improve the hydrolysis yield of brown (Laminaria digitata), green (Ulva linza) and red (Porphyra umbilicalis) macroalgae. Pre-treated with 5% sulphuric acid at 121 °C, 15 minutes, L. digitata, U. linza and P. umbilicalis liberated 64.63 ± 0.30%, 69.19 ± 0.11% and 63.03 ± 0.04% sugar in seawater compared with 52.82 ± 0.16%, 45.93 ± 0.37% and 48.60 ± 0.07% in reverse-osmosis water, respectively. Low hydrolysis yields (2.6-11.7%) were observed in alkali and hydrothermal pretreatment of macroalgae, although seawater led to relatively higher yields. SEM images of hydrolyzed macroalgae showed that reverse-osmosis water caused contortions in the remaining cell walls following acid and hydrothermal pre-treatments in the L. digitata and U. linza samples. Fed-batch fermentations using concentrated green seaweed hydrolysates and seawater with marine yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus M15 produced 48.24 ± 0.01 g/L ethanol with an overall yield of 0.329 g/g available sugars. Overall, using seawater in hydrolysis of seaweed increased sugar hydrolysis yield and subsequent bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Greetham
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica M Adams
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, United Kingdom
| | - Chenyu Du
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
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13
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Rajak RC, Jacob S, Kim BS. A holistic zero waste biorefinery approach for macroalgal biomass utilization: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137067. [PMID: 32059301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing concerns over the depleting fossil fuels and increase in the release of greenhouse gas emissions have necessitated the search for the potential biomass source for alternative energy generation. In this context, third generation biomass specifically maroalgae has gained a lot of research interest in the recent years for energy and products generation such as ethanol, butanol, alginates, agars, and carrageenans. There are a few reviews available in scientific domain on macroalgal biomass utilization for bioethanol production but none of them has addressed precisely from phenolic precursor compounds to the entire ethanol production process and its bottlenecks. Here, we explained critically the processes involved in bioethanol, value added products and chemicals production utilizing macroalgal biomass as a feedstock along with its zero waste feasibility approach. Apart from this, we have also summarized the major issues linked to the macroalgae based biofuels and bioproducts generation processes and their possible corrective measures. Biorefinery is a promising way to generate multiple products from a single source with short processing time. Thus, this review also focuses on the recent advancement in the macroalgal biomass scaling up and how this could help in the growth of macroalgal biorefinery industry in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Chandra Rajak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chunbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chunbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Seaweed Production Potential in the Brazilian Northeast: A Study on the Eastern Coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brazil. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed is a source of multipurpose bioresources, providing millions of dollars to the world’s economy and performing various ecosystem services that aid in maintaining marine balance, reducing eutrophication, providing nutrients and mitigating atmospheric CO2. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the potentialities of the cultivation of the Crassiphycus birdiae seaweed on the eastern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, considering the physical and environmental aspects. Estimates concerning suitable areas and their productive potential for the Biomass, Bioethanol, Biofertilizer and Agar bioproducts were carried out. These estimates were based on the Modular Ferry System (MFS) installed on the state coast. Suitable cultivation areas were determined by applying an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and change detection analysis based on physical and infrastructure factors, such as areas sheltered by winds, sea currents and waves, proximity to seaweed banks, road infrastructure and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Areas identified as suitable for seaweed cultivation totaled 2227.59 ha in area, with a productive potential of 195 thousand tons of fresh biomass/year, over two million liters of ethanol/year and about 43 tons of agar/year. These findings demonstrate that the northeastern coast of Brazil has the potential to generate employment and income through seaweed cultivation, stimulating the coastal region’s development in a sustainable manner.
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16
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Dave N, Selvaraj R, Varadavenkatesan T, Vinayagam R. A critical review on production of bioethanol from macroalgal biomass. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Sunwoo IY, Sukwong P, Jeong DY, Kim SR, Jeong GT, Kim SK. Enhancement of galactose consumption rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1 by CRISPR Cas9 and adaptive evolution for fermentation of Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2019; 297:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The rapid depletion and environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels has led to extensive development of biofuels such as bioethanol from seaweeds. The long-term prospect of seaweed bioethanol production however, depends on the selection of processes in the hydrolysis and fermentation stages due to their limiting effect on ethanol yield. This review explored the factors influencing the hydrolysis and fermentation stages of seaweed bioethanol production with emphasis on process efficiency and sustainable application. Seaweed carbohydrate contents which are most critical for ethanol production substrate selection were 52 ± 6%, 55 ± 12% and 57 ± 13% for green, brown and red seaweeds, respectively. Inhibitor formation and polysaccharide selectivity were found to be the major bottlenecks influencing the efficiency of dilute acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. Current enzyme preparations used, were developed for starch-based and lignocellulosic biomass but not seaweeds, which differs in polysaccharide composition and structure. Also, the identification of fermenting organisms capable of converting the heterogeneous monomeric sugars in seaweeds is the major factor limiting ethanol yield during the fermentation stage and not the SHF or SSF pathway selection. This has resulted in variations in bioethanol yields, ranging from 0.04 g/g DM to 0.43 g/g DM.
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Shobana S, Kumar G, Bakonyi P, Saratale GD, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Nemestóthy N, Bélafi-Bakó K, Xia A, Chang JS. A review on the biomass pretreatment and inhibitor removal methods as key-steps towards efficient macroalgae-based biohydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1341-1348. [PMID: 28602665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(Red, green and brown) macroalgal biomass is a propitious candidate towards covenant alternative energy resources to be converted into biofuels i.e. hydrogen. The application of macroalgae for hydrogen fermentation (promising route in advancing the biohydrogen generation process) could be accomplished by the transformation of carbohydrates, which is a topic receiving broad attention in recent years. This article overviews the variety of marine algal biomass available in the coastal system, followed by the analyses of their pretreatment methods, inhibitor formation and possible detoxification, which are key-aspects to achieve subsequent H2 fermentation in a proper way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutha Shobana
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tirchendur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group (GPBAE), Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Péter Bakonyi
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ganesh D Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ala'a Hamed Al-Muhtaseb
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nándor Nemestóthy
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bélafi-Bakó
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yu Y, Liu Z, Yang M, Chen M, Wei Z, Shi L, Li L, Mou H. Characterization of Full-Length and Truncated Recombinant κ-Carrageenase Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1544. [PMID: 28861059 PMCID: PMC5561669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 16 and cleaves the β-(1→4) linkages of κ-carrageenan. In this study, genes encoding the full-length (cgkZ), Por secretion tail-truncated (cgkZΔPst) and carbohydrate binding domain-truncated (cgkZΔCBM) κ-carrageenase proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The copy numbers of gene cgkZ, cgkZΔPst and cgkZΔCBM were 7, 7 and 6, respectively. The enzymatic activities of recombinant enzymes cgkZ, cgkZΔPst and cgkZΔCBM reached 4.68, 5.70, and 3.02 U/mL, respectively, after 120 h of shake flask fermentation at 22°C and pH 6 in the presence of 1 % (v/v) methanol. The molecular weights of recombinant cgkZ, cgkZΔPst, and cgkZΔCBM were approximately 65, 45, and 40 kDa; their Km values were 2.07, 1.85, and 1.04 mg/mL; and they exhibited optimal activity at 45-50°C and pH 6-7. All the recombinant enzymes were stimulated by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and dithiothreitol. The end-products of enzymatic hydrolysis were mainly composed of κ-carrageenan tetrasaccharide and hexasaccharide. The removal of the Por secretion tail of κ-carrageenase promoted the transcription of κ-carrageenase gene, enhancing the specific activity of κ-carrageenase without significantly changing its catalytic properties. Although the transcription level of κ-carrageenase gene after the removal of the carbohydrate binding domain was relatively high, the specific activity of the recombinant enzyme significantly decreased. The comprehensive application of the P. pastoris expression system combined with the rational modification of genes may provide a novel approach for the heterologous expression of various marine enzymes with high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Zhihan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Lixia Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
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Trincone A. Enzymatic Processes in Marine Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E93. [PMID: 28346336 PMCID: PMC5408239 DOI: 10.3390/md15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous review articles the attention of the biocatalytically oriented scientific community towards the marine environment as a source of biocatalysts focused on the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes. Updates have already appeared in the literature, including marine examples of oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases ready for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here a new approach for searching the literature and presenting a more refined analysis is adopted with respect to previous surveys, centering the attention on the enzymatic process rather than on a single novel activity. Fields of applications are easily individuated: (i) the biorefinery value-chain, where the provision of biomass is one of the most important aspects, with aquaculture as the prominent sector; (ii) the food industry, where the interest in the marine domain is similarly developed to deal with the enzymatic procedures adopted in food manipulation; (iii) the selective and easy extraction/modification of structurally complex marine molecules, where enzymatic treatments are a recognized tool to improve efficiency and selectivity; and (iv) marine biomarkers and derived applications (bioremediation) in pollution monitoring are also included in that these studies could be of high significance for the appreciation of marine bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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22
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Bioethanol production from Gracilaria verrucosa using Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapted to NaCl or galactose. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:529-536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Jiang R, Linzon Y, Vitkin E, Yakhini Z, Chudnovsky A, Golberg A. Thermochemical hydrolysis of macroalgae Ulva for biorefinery: Taguchi robust design method. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27761. [PMID: 27291594 PMCID: PMC4904202 DOI: 10.1038/srep27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of all process parameters on the efficiency of biomass hydrolysis and on the final yield of products is critical to biorefinery design. Using Taguchi orthogonal arrays experimental design and Partial Least Square Regression, we investigated the impact of change and the comparative significance of thermochemical process temperature, treatment time, %Acid and %Solid load on carbohydrates release from green macroalgae from Ulva genus, a promising biorefinery feedstock. The average density of hydrolysate was determined using a new microelectromechanical optical resonator mass sensor. In addition, using Flux Balance Analysis techniques, we compared the potential fermentation yields of these hydrolysate products using metabolic models of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase and Clostridium acetobutylicum. We found that %Acid plays the most significant role and treatment time the least significant role in affecting the monosaccharaides released from Ulva biomass. We also found that within the tested range of parameters, hydrolysis with 121 °C, 30 min 2% Acid, 15% Solids could lead to the highest yields of conversion: 54.134–57.500 gr ethanol kg−1Ulva dry weight by S. cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase. Our results support optimized marine algae utilization process design and will enable smart energy harvesting by thermochemical hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- The Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Linzon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edward Vitkin
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zohar Yakhini
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- Department of Geography and Human Environment, Enviro-Digital Lab, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Alexander Golberg
- The Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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24
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Kim JA, Lee SB. Production of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose from κ-carrageenan using acid catalysts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Jiang R, Ingle KN, Golberg A. Macroalgae (seaweed) for liquid transportation biofuel production: what is next? ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Lee SB, Kim JA, Lim HS. Metabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in carrageenan-degrading microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4109-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Ravanal MC, Pezoa-Conte R, von Schoultz S, Hemming J, Salazar O, Anugwom I, Jogunola O, Mäki-Arvela P, Willför S, Mikkola JP, Lienqueo ME. Comparison of different types of pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of Macrocystis pyrifera for the production of biofuel. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Tan IS, Lee KT. Comparison of different process strategies for bioethanol production from Eucheuma cottonii: An economic study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:336-346. [PMID: 26283313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of red macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii (EC) as feedstock for third-generation bioethanol production. Dowex (TM) Dr-G8 was explored as a potential solid catalyst to hydrolyzed carbohydrates from EC or macroalgae extract (ME) and pretreatment of macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR), to fermentable sugars prior to fermentation process. The highest total sugars were produced at 98.7 g/L when 16% of the ME was treated under the optimum conditions of solid acid hydrolysis (8% (w/v) Dowex (TM) Dr-G8, 120°C, 1h) and 2% pretreated MCR (P-MCR) treated by enzymatic hydrolysis (pH 4.8, 50°C, 30 h). A two-stream process resulted in 11.6g/L of bioethanol from the fermentation of ME hydrolysates and 11.7 g/L from prehydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of P-MCR. The fixed price of bioethanol obtained from the EC is competitive with that obtained from other feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn Shi Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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29
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Masarin F, Cedeno FRP, Chavez EGS, de Oliveira LE, Gelli VC, Monti R. Chemical analysis and biorefinery of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii for efficient production of glucose from residue of carrageenan extraction process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:122. [PMID: 27293482 PMCID: PMC4902961 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biorefineries serve to efficiently utilize biomass and their by-products. Algal biorefineries are designed to generate bioproducts for commercial use. Due to the high carbohydrate content of algal biomass, biorefinery to generate biofuels, such as bioethanol, is of great interest. Carrageenan is a predominant polysaccharide hydrocolloid found in red macroalgae and is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we report the biorefinery of carrageenan derived from processing of experimental strains of the red macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii. Specifically, the chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue produced from carrageenan extraction were evaluated to determine the conditions for efficient generation of carbohydrate bioproducts. RESULTS The productivity and growth rates of K. alvarezii strains were assessed along with the chemical composition (total carbohydrates, ash, sulfate groups, proteins, insoluble aromatics, galacturonic acid, and lipids) of each strain. Two strains, brown and red, were selected based on their high growth rates and productivity and were treated with 6 % KOH for extraction of carrageenan. The yields of biomass from treatment with 6 % KOH solution of the brown and red strains were 89.3 and 89.5 %, respectively. The yields of carrageenan and its residue were 63.5 and 23 %, respectively, for the brown strain and 60 and 27.8 %, respectively, for the red strain. The residues from the brown and red strains were assessed to detect any potential bioproducts. The galactan, ash, protein, insoluble aromatics, and sulfate groups of the residue were reduced to comparable extents for the two strains. However, KOH treatment did not reduce the content of glucan in the residue from either strain. Glucose was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis for 72 h using both strains. The glucan conversion was 100 % for both strains, and the concentrations of glucose from the brown and red strains were 13.7 and 11.5 g L(-1), respectively. The present results highlight the efficiency of generating a key bioproduct from carrageenan residue. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential for glucose production using carrageenan residue. Thus, the biorefinery of K. alvarezii can be exploited not only to produce carrageenan, but also to generate glucose for future use in biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Masarin
- />Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-FCF, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Paz Cedeno
- />Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-FCF, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Eddyn Gabriel Solorzano Chavez
- />Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-FCF, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Levi Ezequiel de Oliveira
- />Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, USP-Universidade de São Paulo, CP 116, 12602-810 Lorena, SP Brazil
| | - Valéria Cress Gelli
- />Instituto de Pesca-Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte-Agência Paulista de Pesquisa Agropecuária-Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Monti
- />Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-FCF, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP Brazil
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30
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Kim HM, Wi SG, Jung S, Song Y, Bae HJ. Efficient approach for bioethanol production from red seaweed Gelidium amansii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:128-34. [PMID: 25459813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gelidium amansii (GA), a red seaweed species, is a popular source of food and chemicals due to its high galactose and glucose content. In this study, we investigated the potential of bioethanol production from autoclave-treated GA (ATGA). The proposed method involved autoclaving GA for 60min for hydrolysis to glucose. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation processing (SHF) achieved a maximum ethanol concentration of 3.33mg/mL, with a conversion yield of 74.7% after 6h (2% substrate loading, w/v). In contrast, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) produced an ethanol concentration of 3.78mg/mL, with an ethanol conversion yield of 84.9% after 12h. We also recorded an ethanol concentration of 25.7mg/mL from SSF processing of 15% (w/v) dry matter from ATGA after 24h. These results indicate that autoclaving can improve the glucose and ethanol conversion yield of GA, and that SSF is superior to SHF for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Myeong Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gon Wi
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Jung
- Department of Wood Science and Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Song
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Wood Science and Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Harun R, Yip JWS, Thiruvenkadam S, Ghani WAWAK, Cherrington T, Danquah MK. Algal biomass conversion to bioethanol - a step-by-step assessment. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:73-86. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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López JA, Lázaro CDC, Castilho LDR, Freire DMG, Castro AMD. Characterization of multienzyme solutions produced by solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, for use in cold hydrolysis of raw biomass. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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