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Xie Z, Wu Z, Wang O, Liu F. Unexpected growth promotion of Chlorella sacchrarophila triggered by herbicides DCMU. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131216. [PMID: 36934629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological effects of herbicide contamination on the autotrophic growth of microalgae in aquatic environments have been major concerns. However, little is known about the influence of herbicides on the mixotrophic growth of microalgae. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effect of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea (DCMU) on the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella sacchrarophila FACHB 4. Results showed that C. sacchrarophila in mixotrophy was more resistant to DCMU than in photoautotrophy. Moreover, a low content of DCMU (20-80 μg·L-1) promoted the mixotrophic growth of C. sacchrarophila, and the promotion effect was obviously enhanced with the increase in light intensity. The chlorophyll content and glucose absorption rate of C. sacchrarophila were found to increase after incubation with DCMU for 24 h. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the mechanism of DCMU to promote the mixotrophic growth of C. sacchrarophila was probably through accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, which was accomplished by reducing photodamage and increasing the chlorophyll content of C. sacchrarophila. This study not only revealed an unexpected bloom of mixotrophic microalgae triggered by herbicides, but it also shed new light on an effective and low-cost strategy to improve the microalgae productivity for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzhang Xie
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Wu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Oumei Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Je S, Yamaoka Y. Biotechnological Approaches for Biomass and Lipid Production Using Microalgae Chlorella and Its Future Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1357-1372. [PMID: 36310359 PMCID: PMC9720082 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels has been associated with increased climate disasters. As an alternative, microalgae have been proposed as an effective agent for biomass production. Several advantages of microalgae include faster growth, usage of non-arable land, recovery of nutrients from wastewater, efficient CO2 capture, and high amount of biomolecules that are valuable for humans. Microalgae Chlorella spp. are a large group of eukaryotic, photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms with high adaptability to environmental variations. Over the past decades, Chlorella has been used for the large-scale production of biomass. In addition, Chlorella has been actively used in various food industries for improving human health because of its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory functions. However, the major restrictions in microalgal biofuel technology are the cost-consuming cultivation, processing, and lipid extraction processes. Therefore, various trials have been performed to enhance the biomass productivity and the lipid contents of Chlorella cells. This study provides a comprehensive review of lipid enhancement strategies mainly published in the last five years and aimed at regulating carbon sources, nutrients, stresses, and expression of exogenous genes to improve biomass production and lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Je
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2164-4034 Fax: +82-2-2164-4778 E-mail:
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Almutairi AW. Full utilization of marine microalgal hydrothermal liquefaction liquid products through a closed-loop route: towards enhanced bio-oil production and zero-waste approach. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:209. [PMID: 35935543 PMCID: PMC9352824 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of aqueous phase after hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae (Aq-P), enriched with seawater, as a growth medium coupled with crude bio-oil production by the halophyte Dunaliella salina. Results showed that Aq-P showed higher content of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (10.24, and 5.11 g L-1, respectively), while seawater showed higher anions and cations content. At the 12th day of microalgae incubation, the Aq-P growth medium showed 15.9% higher dry weight than the control (f/2 medium), with enhanced lipid content by 21.2% over the control, and 5.7% significant reduction in carbohydrates. The bio-oil yields of microalgal biomass cultivated in f/2 and Aq-P were 28.74% and 29.54%, respectively. Using Aq-P enhanced the fatty acids/esters and hydrocarbons in the crude bio-oil by 12.6% and 1.7 times, respectively, comparing to f/2-derived bio-oil. However, nitrogen-containing compounds in the Aq-P-derived bio-oil reduced by 60.7% comparing to f/2 medium. Interestingly, diesel carbon-range represented the majority of the products in both f/2- and Aq-P-derived bio-oil (69.1% and 78.3%, respectively). The findings of the present study provide a new approach for development of sustainable microalgal cultivation system for crude bio-oil production through a closed-loop route using Aq-P and seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel W. Almutairi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Ghasemi A, Moosavi-Nasab M. Production of second-generation biodiesel using low-quality date fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00480. [PMID: 32528865 PMCID: PMC7276386 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the valorization of the date syrup obtained from low-quality date fruits to be used as a low-cost alternative medium for producing single cell oil (SCO) by Rhodotorula glutinis PTCC5256, which could further be converted into biodiesel. The higher C/N ratio of date syrup (C/N 70) led to restricting the formation of cell biomass and enhancing the biosynthesis of SCO. The maximal cell biomass and lipid productivities were obtained 72 mg/L/h and 17 mg/L/h by C/N ratios of 20 and 70, respectively. Although the obtained biodiesel met the international standards for cold filter plugging point (4.92 °C), iodine value (87.22 g I2/100 g oil), cetane number (52.26), higher heating value (40.19 MJ/kg), cloud point (6.29 °C), pour point (0.00 °C), density (878 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (4.30 mm2/s) and oxidation stability (7.87 h), its weak cold-flow properties might limit its application in cold areas in comparison with diesel fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Ghasemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Seafood Processing Research Group and Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhu J, Wakisaka M. Effect of two lignocellulose related sugar alcohols on the growth and metabolites biosynthesis of Euglena gracilis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122950. [PMID: 32045866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is an effective solution to overcome the bottlenecks of commercial production of microalgal biomass by providing cost-effective and environment-friendly organic carbon sources for microalgal mixotrophic growth. In this study, effects of lignocellulose-related mannitol and xylitol on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, cell morphology, and metabolites biosynthesis of freshwater microalga Euglena gracilis were investigated. The results revealed that both mannitol and xylitol effectively promoted the growth of E. gracilis, and at the optimal dosage of 4 g·L-1, the biomass yield was increased by 4.64-fold and 3.18-fold, respectively. Increase of cell aspect ratio was only observed in mannitol treatment groups, indicating that E. gracilis had different physiological responses to mannitol and xylitol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was applied to analyze the cellular components. The lipid content of E. gracilis was significantly promoted by these two sugar alcohols, which would increase its potential in biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Zhu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
| | - Minato Wakisaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan.
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Kim U, Cho DH, Heo J, Yun JH, Choi DY, Cho K, Kim HS. Two-stage cultivation strategy for the improvement of pigment productivity from high-density heterotrophic algal cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122840. [PMID: 32014729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a two-stage cultivation process was devised to overcome low pigment content of algal biomass grown in heterotrophy. Post-treatment conditions (i.e., light intensity, temperature, pH and salinity) were initially tested for dense heterotrophically-grown Chlorella sp. HS2 cultures in a multi-channel photobioreactor (mcPBR), and the results clearly indicated the influence of each abiotic factor on algal pigment production. Subsequently, the optimal post-treatment conditions (i.e., 455 μmol m-2 s-1, 34.8℃, pH 8.23 and 0.7% (w/v) salinity), in which highest accumulation of algal pigments is expected, were identified using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Compared to the control cultures grown in mixotrophy for the same duration of entire two-stage process, the results indicated a significantly higher pigment productivity (i.e., 167.5 mg L-1 day-1) in a 5-L fermenter following the post-treatment at optimal conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that the post-treatment of heterotrophic cultures can be successfully deployed to harness the nascent algae-based bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urim Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Heo
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Patel AK, Choi YY, Sim SJ. Emerging prospects of mixotrophic microalgae: Way forward to sustainable bioprocess for environmental remediation and cost-effective biofuels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122741. [PMID: 31956058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algal bioremediation becoming most fascinating to produce biomass as biofuels feedstock while remediating wastes, also improving carbon-footprint through carbon capturing and utilization (CCU) technology. Non-algae process however offers effective treatment but metabolic CO2 emission is major drawback towards sustainable bioprocess. Mixotrophic cultivation strategy (MCS) enables to treat organic and inorganic wastes which broadly extend microalgae application towards cleaner and sustainable bioeconomy. Latest focus of global think-tanks to encourage bioprocess holding promise of sustainability via CCU ability as important trait. Several high CO2 emitting industries forced to improve their carbon-footprints. MCS driven microalgae treatment could be best solution for those industries. This review covers recent updates on MCS applications for waste-to-value (biofuels) and environment remediation. Moreover, recommendations to fill knowledge gaps, and commercial algal biofuel could be cost-effectiveness and sustainable technology for biocircular economy if fuelled by waste streams from other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Fast media optimization for mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19262. [PMID: 31848403 PMCID: PMC6917816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can accumulate large proportions of their dry cell weight as storage lipids when grown under appropriate nutrient limiting conditions. While a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen is often cited as the primary mode of triggering lipid accumulation in microalgae, fast optimization strategies to increase lipid production for mixotrophic cultivation have been difficult to developed due to the low cell densities of algal cultures, and consequently the limited amount of biomass available for compositional analysis. Response surface methodologies provide a power tool for assessing complex relationships such as the interaction between the carbon source and nitrogen source. A 15 run Box-Behnken design performed in shaker flasks was effective in studying the effect of carbon, nitrogen, and magnesium on the growth rate, maximum cell density, lipid accumulation rate, and glucose consumption rate. Using end-point dry cell weight and total lipid content as assessed by direct transesterification to FAME, numerical optimization resulted in a significant increase in lipid content from 18.5 ± 0.76% to 37.6 ± 0.12% and a cell density of 5.3 ± 0.1 g/L to 6.1 ± 0.1 g/L between the centre point of the design and the optimized culture conditions. The presented optimization process required less than 2 weeks to complete, was simple, and resulted in an overall lipid productivity of 383 mg/L·d.
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Ahmad FB, Zhang Z, Doherty WO, O’Hara IM. The prospect of microbial oil production and applications from oil palm biomass. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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León-Vaz A, León R, Díaz-Santos E, Vigara J, Raposo S. Using agro-industrial wastes for mixotrophic growth and lipids production by the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. N Biotechnol 2019; 51:31-38. [PMID: 30738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the use of microalgae for the production of biofuels, but production costs continue to be too high to compete with fossil fuel prices. One of the main limitations for photobioreactor productivity is light shielding, especially at high cell densities. The growth of the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana, a robust industrial species, has been evaluated under different trophic conditions with traditional carbon sources, such as glucose and sucrose, and alternative low cost carbon sources, such as carob pod extract, industrial glycerol and acetate-rich oxidized wine waste lees. The mixotrophic cultivation of this microalga with wine waste lees alleviated the problems of light shielding observed in photoautotrophic cultures, improving specific growth rate (0.052 h-1) compared with the other organic sources. The fed-batch mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana in a 2 L stirred tank reactor, with optimized nutritional conditions, 100 mM of acetate coming from the oxidized wine waste lees and 30 mM of ammonium, produced an algal biomass concentration of 11 g L-1 with a lipid content of 38 % (w/w). This fed-batch strategy has been found to be a very effective means to enhance the biomass and neutral lipid productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR) and CEICAMBIO, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR) and CEICAMBIO, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Encarnación Díaz-Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR) and CEICAMBIO, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR) and CEICAMBIO, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Raposo
- Center for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA, University of Algarve - Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Wang Y, Seppänen-Laakso T, Rischer H, Wiebe MG. Euglena gracilis growth and cell composition under different temperature, light and trophic conditions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195329. [PMID: 29649233 PMCID: PMC5896972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Euglena gracilis, a photosynthetic protist, produces protein, unsaturated fatty acids, wax esters, and a unique β-1,3-glucan called paramylon, along with other valuable compounds. The cell composition of E. gracilis was investigated in this study to understand how light and organic carbon (photo-, mixo- and heterotrophic conditions) affected growth and cell composition (especially lipids). Comparisons were primarily carried out in cultures grown at 23 °C, but the effect of growth at higher temperatures (27 or 30 °C) was also considered. Cell growth Specific growth rates were slightly lower when E. gracilis was grown on glucose in either heterotrophic or mixotrophic conditions than when grown photoautotrophically, although the duration of exponential growth was longer. Temperature determined the rate of exponential growth in all cultures, but not the linear growth rate during light-limited growth in phototrophic conditions. Temperature had less effect on cell composition. Cell composition Although E. gracilis was not expected to store large amounts of paramylon when grown phototrophically, we observed that phototrophic cells could contain up to 50% paramylon. These cells contained up to 33% protein and less than 20% lipophilic compounds, as expected. The biomass contained about 8% fatty acids (measured as fatty acid methyl esters), most of which were unsaturated. The fatty acid content of cells grown in mixotrophic conditions was similar to that observed in phototrophic cells, but was lower in cells grown heterotrophically. Heterotrophic cells contained less unsaturated fatty acids than phototrophic or mixotrophic cells. α-Linolenic acid was present at 5 to 18 mg g-1 dry biomass in cells grown in the presence of light, but at < 0.5 mg g-1 biomass in cells grown in the dark. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were detected at 1 to 5 mg g-1 biomass. Light was also important for the production of vitamin E and phytol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilyn G. Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
- * E-mail:
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A two-stage fed-batch heterotrophic culture of Chlorella protothecoides that combined nitrogen depletion with hyperosmotic stress strategy enhanced lipid yield and productivity. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Krzemińska I, Oleszek M. Glucose supplementation-induced changes in the Auxenochlorella protothecoides fatty acid composition suitable for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:1294-1297. [PMID: 27485282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of different concentrations of glucose supplementation on growth, lipid accumulation, and the fatty acid profile in the Auxenochlorella protothecoides. Addition of glucose promoted the growth rate and decreased the chlorophyll content. Compared with photoautotrophic cells, an increase in the lipid content was observed in mixotrophic cells. The glucose addition induced changes in the fatty acid profile. Higher content of saturated fatty acids was found in the case of cells growing in the glucose-free medium. Oleic acid was the predominant component in mixotrophic cells supplemented with 5gL(-1) glucose, while linoleic acids dominated in cultures supplemented with both 1 and 3gL(-1) glucose. The use of glucose was associated with decreased levels of linolenic acid and PUFA. The changes in the fatty acid profile in mixotrophic cells are favourable for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krzemińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Oleszek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Deschênes JS. A Bacteriostatic Control Approach for Mixotrophic Cultures of Microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Krzemińska I, Piasecka A, Nosalewicz A, Simionato D, Wawrzykowski J. Alterations of the lipid content and fatty acid profile of Chlorella protothecoides under different light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:72-7. [PMID: 26231126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella protothecoides is a valuable source of lipids that may be used for biodiesel production. The present work shows analysis of the potential of photoheterotrophic cultivation of C. protothecoides under various light intensities aiming to identify the conditions with maximal biomass and lipid content. An increase in light intensity was associated with an increased specific growth rate and a shortened doubling time. Also, the relative total lipid content increased from 24.8% to 37.5% with increase of light intensity. The composition of fatty acid methyl esters was affected by light intensity with the C16-18 fatty acids increased from 76.97% to 90.24% of total fatty acids. However, the content of linolenic acids decreased with the increase of the culture irradiance. These studies indicate that cultures irradiated with high light intensities achieve the minimal specifications for biodiesel quality on linolenic acids and thus are suitable for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krzemińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agata Piasecka
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Diana Simionato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1228-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Deschênes JS, Boudreau A, Tremblay R. Mixotrophic production of microalgae in pilot-scale photobioreactors: Practicability and process considerations. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Sun Z, Zhou ZG, Gerken H, Chen F, Liu J. Screening and characterization of oleaginous Chlorella strains and exploration of photoautotrophic Chlorella protothecoides for oil production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:53-62. [PMID: 25266686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth and oil production of nine Chlorella strains were comparatively assessed and Chlorellaprotothecoides CS-41 demonstrated the greatest lipid production potential. The effects of different nitrogen forms and concentrations, phosphorus concentrations and light intensities on growth and oil production were studied in laboratory columns. C. protothecoides CS-41 accumulated lipids up to 55% of dry weight, with triacylglycerol and oleic acid being 71% of total lipids and 59% of total fatty acids, respectively. High biomass and lipid productivities were achieved in outdoor panel PBRs, up to 1.25 and 0.59 g L(-1) day(-1), or 44. 1 and 16.1 g m(-2) day(-1), respectively. A two-stage cultivation strategy was proposed to enhance the algal biomass and lipid production. This is the first comprehensive investigation of both indoor and outdoor photoautotrophic C. protothecoides cultures for oil production, and C. protothecoides CS-41 represents a promising biofuel feedstock worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Henri Gerken
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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20
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Turon V, Baroukh C, Trably E, Latrille E, Fouilland E, Steyer JP. Use of fermentative metabolites for heterotrophic microalgae growth: Yields and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:342-349. [PMID: 25459841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth of two lipid-producing Chlorella species on fermentative end-products acetate, butyrate and lactate, was investigated using a kinetic modeling approach. Chlorella sorokiniana and Auxenochlorella protothecoides were grown on synthetic media with various (acetate:butyrate:lactate) ratios. Both species assimilated efficiently acetate and butyrate with yields between 0.4 and 0.5g carbon of biomass/g carbon of substrate, but did not use lactate. The highest growth rate on acetate, 2.23d(-1), was observed for C. sorokiniana, and on butyrate, 0.22d(-1), for A. protothecoides. Butyrate removal started after complete acetate exhaustion (diauxic effect). However, butyrate consumption may be favored by the increase of biomass concentration induced by the initial use of acetate. A model combining Monod and Haldane functions was then built and fitted the experimental data well for both species. Butyrate concentration and (acetate:butyrate) ratios were identified as key parameters for heterotrophic growth of microalgae on fermentative metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Turon
- INRA, UMR 050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - C Baroukh
- INRA, UMR 050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - E Trably
- INRA, UMR 050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - E Latrille
- INRA, UMR 050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - E Fouilland
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers-UMR 5119, 2 Rue des Chantiers, 34200 Sète, France
| | - J-P Steyer
- INRA, UMR 050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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Feng X, Walker TH, Bridges WC, Thornton C, Gopalakrishnan K. Biomass and lipid production of Chlorella protothecoides under heterotrophic cultivation on a mixed waste substrate of brewer fermentation and crude glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:17-23. [PMID: 24880808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomass and lipid accumulation of heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella protothecoides by supplying mixed waste substrate of brewer fermentation and crude glycerol were investigated. The biomass concentrations of the old and the new C. protothecoides strains on day 6 reached 14.07 and 12.73 g/L, respectively, which were comparable to those in basal medium with supplement of glucose and yeast extract (BM-GY) (14.47 g/L for old strains and 11.43 g/L for new strains) (P>0.05). Approximately 81.5% of total organic carbon and 65.1% of total nitrogen in the mixed waste were effectively removed. The accumulated lipid productivities of the old and the new C. protothecoides strains in BM-GY were 2.07 and 1.61 g/L/day, respectively, whereas in the mixed waste, lipid productivities could reach 2.12 and 1.81 g/L/day, respectively. Our result highlights a new approach of mixing carbon-rich and nitrogen-rich wastes as economical and practical alternative substrates for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Terry H Walker
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - William C Bridges
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles Thornton
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Karthik Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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22
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Screening, Growth Medium Optimisation and Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1667-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Babuskin S, Radhakrishnan K, Babu PAS, Sivarajan M, Sukumar M. Effect of photoperiod, light intensity and carbon sources on biomass and lipid productivities of Isochrysis galbana. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1653-60. [PMID: 24737074 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomass and lipid productivities of Isochrysis galbana were optimized using nutrients of molasses (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)), glucose (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)), glycerol (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)) and yeast extract (2 g l(-1)). Combinations of carbon sources at different ratios were evaluated in which the alga was grown at three different light intensities (50, 100 and 150 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) under the influence of three different photoperiod cycles (12/12, 18/6 and 24/0 h light/dark). A maximum cell density of 8.35 g l(-1) with 32 % (w/w) lipid was achieved for mixotrophic growth at 100 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and 18/6 h light/dark with molasses/glucose (20:80 w/w). Mixotrophic cultivation using molasses, glucose and glycerol was thus effective for the cultivation of I. galbana.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Tan T. Lipid and carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis under irradiation/high-temperature and dark/low-temperature cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:149-53. [PMID: 24549236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of lipid and carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis was investigated under different irradiation conditions, temperatures and C/N ratios. The results showed that dark/low-temperature could enhance lipid content, while irradiation/high-temperature increased the yields of biomass and carotenoid. The optimum C/N ratio for production was between 80 and 100. A two-stage cultivation strategy was used for lipid and carotenoid production in a 5L fermenter. In the first stage, the maximum biomass reached 28.1g/L under irradiation/high-temperature. Then, the cultivation condition was changed to dark/low-temperature, and C/N ratio was adjusted to 90. After the second stage, the biomass, lipid content and carotenoid reached 86.2g/L, 26.7% and 4.2mg/L, respectively. More significantly, the yields of biomass and lipid were 43.1% and 11.5%, respectively. Lipids contained 79.7% 18C and 16.8% 16C fatty acids by GC analysis. HPLC quantified the main carotenoids were β-carotene (68.4%), torularhodin (21.5%) and torulene (10.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Liu J, Chen F. Biology and Industrial Applications of Chlorella: Advances and Prospects. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:1-35. [PMID: 25537445 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella represents a group of eukaryotic green microalgae that has been receiving increasing scientific and commercial interest. It possesses high photosynthetic ability and is capable of growing robustly under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions as well. Chlorella has long been considered as a source of protein and is now industrially produced for human food and animal feed. Chlorella is also rich in oil, an ideal feedstock for biofuels. The exploration of biofuel production by Chlorella is underway. Chlorella has the ability to fix carbon dioxide efficiently and to remove nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorous, making it a good candidate for greenhouse gas biomitigation and wastewater bioremediation. In addition, Chlorella shows potential as an alternative expression host for recombinant protein production, though challenges remain to be addressed. Currently, omics analyses of certain Chlorella strains are being performed, which will help to unravel the biological implications of Chlorella and facilitate the future exploration of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Singapore-Peking University Research Centre for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future, CREATE Tower, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Singapore-Peking University Research Centre for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future, CREATE Tower, Singapore, Singapore.
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