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Hossain MM, Sultana F, Khan S, Nayeema J, Mostafa M, Ferdus H, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Carrageenans as biostimulants and bio-elicitors: plant growth and defense responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38169020 PMCID: PMC10761655 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the need to ensure food security and safety has taken center stage. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are traditionally used to achieve higher plant productivity and improved plant protection from biotic stresses. However, the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to significant risks to human health and the environment, which are further compounded by the emissions of greenhouse gases during fertilizer and pesticide production and application, contributing to global warming and climate change. The naturally occurring sulfated linear polysaccharides obtained from edible red seaweeds (Rhodophyta), carrageenans, could offer climate-friendly substitutes for these inputs due to their bi-functional activities. Carrageenans and their derivatives, known as oligo-carrageenans, facilitate plant growth through a multitude of metabolic courses, including chlorophyll metabolism, carbon fixation, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, secondary metabolite generation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In parallel, these compounds suppress pathogens by their direct antimicrobial activities and/or improve plant resilience against pathogens by modulating biochemical changes via salicylate (SA) and/or jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, resulting in increased production of secondary metabolites, defense-related proteins, and antioxidants. The present review summarizes the usage of carrageenans for increasing plant development and defense responses to pathogenic challenges under climate change. In addition, the current state of knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms and metabolic alterations in plants during carrageenan-stimulated plant growth and plant disease defense responses has been discussed. This evaluation will highlight the potential use of these new biostimulants in increasing agricultural productivity under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motaher Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sultana
- College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Sabia Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatun Nayeema
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mahabuba Mostafa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Humayra Ferdus
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Ren ZW, Wang ZY, Ding YW, Dao JW, Li HR, Ma X, Yang XY, Zhou ZQ, Liu JX, Mi CH, Gao ZC, Pei H, Wei DX. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural biopolyester for future medical innovations. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6013-6034. [PMID: 37522312 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of natural microbial biopolyesters with the same basic chemical structure and diverse side chain groups. Based on their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplastic properties and diversity, PHAs are highly promising medical biomaterials and elements of medical devices for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. However, due to the high cost of biotechnological production, most PHAs have yet to be applied in the clinic and have only been studied at laboratory scale. This review focuses on the biosynthesis, diversity, physical properties, biodegradability and biosafety of PHAs. We also discuss optimization strategies for improved microbial production of commercial PHAs via novel synthetic biology tools. Moreover, we also systematically summarize various medical devices based on PHAs and related design approaches for medical applications, including tissue repair and drug delivery. The main degradation product of PHAs, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), is recognized as a new functional molecule for cancer therapy and immune regulation. Although PHAs still account for only a small percentage of medical polymers, up-and-coming novel medical PHA devices will enter the clinical translation stage in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yan-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Jin-Wei Dao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Dehong Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Dehong Teachers' College, Dehong, 678400, China
| | - Hao-Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Jia-Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Chen-Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhe-Chen Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, 643002, Sichuan, China
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Nagajothi K, Murugesan AG. Polyhydroxy butyrate biosynthesis by Azotobacter chroococcum MTCC 3858 through groundnut shell as lignocellulosic feedstock using resource surface methodology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10743. [PMID: 37400483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work appraises the prospect of utilising groundnut shell hydrolysate as a feedstock used for PHB biosynthesis by Azotobacter chroococcum MTCC 3853 under SMF conditions. Sugar reduction: untreated and pretreated 20% H2SO4 (39.46 g/l and 62.96 g/l, respectively), untreated and enzymatic hydrolysis (142.35 mg/g and 568.94 mg/g). The RSM-CCD optimization method was used to generate augment PHB biosynthesis from groundnut shell hydrolysate (30 g/l), ammonium sulphate (1.5 g/l), ammonium chloride (1.5 g/l), peptone (1.5 g/l), pH 7, 30 °C, and a 48 h incubation time. The most convincing factors (p < 0.0001), coefficient R2 values of biomass 0.9110 and PHB yield 0.9261, PHB production, highest biomass (17.23 g/l), PHB Yield(11.46 g/l), and 66.51 (wt% DCW) values were recorded. The control (untreated GN) PHB yield value of 2.86 g/l increased up to fourfold in pretreated GN. TGA results in a melting range in the peak perceived at 270.55 °C and a DSC peak range of 172.17 °C, correspondingly. According to the results, it furnishes an efficient agricultural waste executive approach by diminishing the production expenditure. It reinforces the production of PHB, thereby shrinking our reliance on fossil fuel-based plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasilingam Nagajothi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre of Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Dept. of Microbiology, K.R. College of Arts and Science, Kovilpatti, 628503, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A G Murugesan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre of Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cao J, Duan G, Lin A, Zhou Y, You S, Wong JWC, Yang G. Metagenomic insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of Cu on fermentative hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129080. [PMID: 37094620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cu is widely present in the feedstocks of dark fermentation, which can inhibit H2 production efficiency of the process. However, current understanding on the inhibitory mechanisms of Cu, especially the microbiological mechanism, is still lacking. This study investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of Cu2+ on fermentative hydrogen production by metagenomics sequencing. Results showed that the exposure to Cu2+ reduced the abundances of high-yielding hydrogen-producing genera (e.g. Clostridium sensu stricto), and remarkably down-regulated the genes involved in substrate membrane transport (e.g., gtsA, gtsB and gtsC), glycolysis (e.g. PK, ppgK and pgi-pmi), and hydrogen formation (e.g. pflA, fdoG, por and E1.12.7.2), leading to significant inhibition on the process performances. The H2 yield was reduced from 1.49 mol H2/mol-glucose to 0.59 and 0.05 mol H2/mol-glucose upon exposure to 500 and 1000 mg/L of Cu2+, respectively. High concentrations of Cu2+ also reduced the rate of H2 production and prolonged the H2-producing lag phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Cao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guilan Duan
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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5
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Dhabhai R, Koranian P, Huang Q, Scheibelhoffer DSB, Dalai AK. Purification of glycerol and its conversion to value-added chemicals: A review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2189054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Kumar Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Cai L, Guo HT, Zheng GD, Wang XY, Wang K. Metagenomic analysis reveals the microbial degradation mechanism during kitchen waste biodrying. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135862. [PMID: 35944670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodrying is a treatment to remove moisture using bio-heat generated during organic degradation. Organic matter degradation and microbial metabolism were studied during the whole kitchen waste biodrying, using metagenomic analysis. After the 25-day biodrying process, carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents decreased by 83.7%, 27.8% and 79.3%, respectively, and their degradation efficiencies increased after the thermophilic phase. Lipase activity exceeded 10 mmol d-1 g-1 throughout biodrying. Cellulase and lipase activities recovered by 2.21% and 5.77%, respectively, after the thermophilic phase, while the protease activity had a maximum increment of 347%. Metabolic analysis revealed that carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism was possibly inhibited by the high temperature, but the relative abundances of related predicted functions recovered by more than 0.9%, 7% and 11%, respectively, by the end of biodrying. Protein function prediction suggests that β-oxidation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and the degradation of cellulose and chitin were possibly enhanced during the thermophilic phase. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that leucine, isoleucine and lysine could ultimately degraded to acetyl-CoA. Weissella, Aeribacillus and Bacillus were the genera with the most enriched functional genes during the whole biodrying process. These findings help elucidate the microbial degradation processes during biodrying, which provides further scientific support for improving the application of biodrying products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Han-Tong Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guo-Di Zheng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Wang C, Li J, Fang W, Chen W, Zou M, Li X, Qiu Z, Xu H. Lipid degrading microbe consortium driving micro-ecological evolvement of activated sludge for cooking wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150071. [PMID: 34509855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lipid degrading microbe consortium (LDMC) was assembled to improve the performance of activated sludge (AS) on cooking wastewater purification. LDMC can rapidly degrade high-level oil (efficiency beyond 93.0% at 5.0 g/L) as sole carbon source under various environmental conditions (10.0-45.0 °C, pH 2.0-12.0). With LDMC inoculation, AS' water treatment performance was significantly enhanced, which removed 36.10 and 48.93% more chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen from wastewater than control. A better settling property and smaller bulking risk were found with LDMC inoculation, indicated by a lower SV30 and SVI index but a higher MLSS. By GC/MS analysis, a gradual degradation on the end of the fatty acid chain was suggested. LDMC inoculation significantly changed AS's microbial community structure, improved its stability, decreased the microbial community diversity, facilitated the enrichment of lipid degraders and functional genes related to lipid bio-degradation. Lipid degraders including Nakamurella sp. and Stenotrophomona sp., etc. played a crucial role during oil degradation. Sludge structure maintainers such as Kineosphaera sp. contributed largely to the stability of AS under exogenous stress. This study provided an efficient approach for cooking wastewater treatment along with the underlying mechanism exploration, which should give insights into oil-containing environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weizhen Fang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Meihui Zou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
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Li J, Zhang X, Udduttula A, Fan ZS, Chen JH, Sun AR, Zhang P. Microbial-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:763031. [PMID: 34993185 PMCID: PMC8724543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.763031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of structurally diverse natural biopolyesters, synthesized by various microbes under unbalanced culture conditions. PHAs as biomedical materials have been fabricated in various forms to apply to tissue engineering for the past years due to their excellent biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, modifiable mechanical properties, and thermo-processability. However, there remain some bottlenecks in terms of PHA production on a large scale, the purification process, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of PHA, which need to be further resolved. Therefore, scientists are making great efforts via synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools to improve the properties and the product yields of PHA at a lower cost for the development of various PHA-based scaffold fabrication technologies to widen biomedical applications, especially in bone tissue engineering. This review aims to outline the biosynthesis, structures, properties, and the bone tissue engineering applications of PHA scaffolds with different manufacturing technologies. The latest advances will provide an insight into future outlooks in PHA-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Shan Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Kumar N, Chauhan NS. Nano-Biocatalysts: Potential Biotechnological Applications. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:441-448. [PMID: 34744199 PMCID: PMC8542021 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysts are a biomolecule of interest for various biotechnological applications. Non-reusability and poor stability of especially enzymes has always limited their applications in large-scale processing units. Nanotechnology paves a way by conjugating the biocatalysts on different matrices. It predominantly enables nanomaterials to overcome the limited efficacy of conventional biocatalysts. Nanomaterial conjugated nanobiocatalyst have enhanced catalytic properties, selectivity, and stability. Nanotechnology extended the flexibility to engineer biocatalysts for various innovative and predictive catalyses. So developed nanobiocatalyst harbors remarkable properties and has potential applications in diverse biotechnological sectors. This article summaries various developments made in the area of nanobiocatalyst towards their applications in biotechnological industries. Novel nanobiocatalyst engineering is an area of critical importance for harnessing the biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana India
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Patel SKS, Shanmugam R, Lee JK, Kalia VC, Kim IW. Biomolecules Production from Greenhouse Gases by Methanotrophs. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:449-457. [PMID: 34744200 PMCID: PMC8542019 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects on living organisms and the environment are on the rise due to a significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through human activities. Therefore, various research initiatives have been carried out in several directions in relation to the utilization of GHGs via physicochemical or biological routes. An environmentally friendly approach to reduce the burden of significant emissions and their harmful effects is the bioconversion of GHGs, including methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), into value-added products. Methanotrophs have enormous potential for the efficient biotransformation of CH4 to various bioactive molecules, including biofuels, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and fatty acids. This review highlights the recent developments in methanotroph-based systems for methanol production from GHGs and proposes future perspectives to improve process sustainability via biorefinery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramsamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin C. Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Anaerobic Digestion of Agri-Food Wastes for Generating Biofuels. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:427-440. [PMID: 34744198 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, fossil fuels are extensively employed as major sources of energy, and their uses are considered unsustainable due to emissions of obnoxious gases on the burning of fossil fuels, which can lead to severe environmental complications, including human health. To tackle these issues, various processes are developing to waste as a feed to generate eco-friendly fuels. The biological production of fuels is considered to be more beneficial than physicochemical methods due to their environmentally friendly nature, high rate of conversion at ambient physiological conditions, and less energy-intensive. Among various biofuels, hydrogen (H2) is considered as a wonderful due to high calorific value and generate water molecule as end product on the burning. The H2 production from biowaste is demonstrated, and agri-food waste can be potentially used as a feedstock due to their high biodegradability over lignocellulosic-based biomass. Still, the H2 production is uneconomical from biowaste in fuel competing market because of low yields and increased capital and operational expenses. Anaerobic digestion is widely used for waste management and the generation of value-added products. This article is highlighting the valorization of agri-food waste to biofuels in single (H2) and two-stage bioprocesses of H2 and CH4 production.
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Removal of Petroleum Contaminants Through Bioremediation with Integrated Concepts of Resource Recovery: A Review. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:250-261. [PMID: 34294990 PMCID: PMC8263831 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an upsurge in industrial production to meet the rising demands of the rapidly growing population globally. The enormous energy demand of the growing economies still depends upon petroleum. It has also resulted in environmental pollution due to the release of petroleum origin pollutants. Soil and aquifers, especially in the direct impact zones of petroleum refineries, are the worst hit. The integrated concept of bioremediation and resource recovery offers a sustainable solution to mitigate environmental pollution. It involves biodegradation, a benign utilization of toxic wastes, and the recycling of natural resources. Bioremediation is considered an integral contributor to the emerging concepts of bio-economy and sustainable development goals. This review article aims to provide an updated overview of bioremediation involving petroleum-based contaminants. Microbial degradation is discussed as a promising strategy for petroleum refinery effluent and sludge treatment. The review also provides an insight into resource reuse and recovery as a holistic approach towards sustainable refinery waste treatment. Furthermore, the integrated technologies that deserve in-depth exploration for future study in the refinery sector are highlighted in the present study.
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Adesra A, Srivastava VK, Varjani S. Valorization of Dairy Wastes: Integrative Approaches for Value Added Products. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:270-278. [PMID: 34294992 PMCID: PMC8263842 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of rapid industrialization succeeded by a shift in organizational focus on research and technology development which has fueled many industries along with the dairy industry to grow at an exponential rate. The dairy industry has achieved remarkable growth in the last decade in India. Waste produced by dairy industry consists of a high organic load thus cannot be discharged untreated. Even though treatment and management of waste are well documented, but the main problem is concerned with sludge produced after treatment. There is a gap in the application of various methods for effective treatment of the waste, hence there is a need for technology-oriented research in this area because of a paradigm shift in perspectives towards sustainable management of waste to recover value added products including energy as energy demand is also rising. Sludge which is generally land spread can also be used for energy generation. This paper discusses the environmental effects of waste generated due to dairy industrial activities; various methods used for the advanced treatment of dairy waste. This review article aims to present and discuss the state-of-art information for recovery of value-added products (single cell protein, biofertilizers, biopolymers and biosurfactants) from dairy waste with emphasis on integration of technologies for environmental sustainability. This paper also includes challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Adesra
- Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384 315 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384 315 India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384 315 India
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010 India
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14
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Biosynthesis of Lactobionic Acid in Whey-Containing Medium by Microencapsulated and Free Bacteria of Pseudomonas taetrolens. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:315-323. [PMID: 34290461 PMCID: PMC8263841 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop a method of its production from whey using bacteria of the species Pseudomonas taetrolens. Analyses of the lactobionic acid production method from whey showed that the following factors have a significant effect on its efficiency: the frequency of whey batch feeding, pH and the type of bacteria application, i.e. microencapsulated vs. free. Lactose and lactobionic acid were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS). The highest concentration of lactobionic acid of 22.03 mg/cm3 was obtained when whey was batch fed at 72-h intervals, pH was maintained at 6.25 and bacteria were enclosed in alginate microcapsules.
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15
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Myco-remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides: Insights Into Fungal Metabolic System. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:237-249. [PMID: 34294989 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemicals including organochlorine pesticides pose environment and health hazard due to persistent and bio-accumulation property. Majority of them are recognized as endocrine disruptors. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and employs efficient enzymatic machinery for the biotransformation and degradation of toxic, recalcitrant pollutants. This review critically discusses the organochlorine biotransformation process mediated by fungi and highlights the role of enzymatic system responsible for biotransformation, especially distribution of dehalogenase homologs among fungal classes. It also explores the potential use of fungal derived biomaterial, mainly chitosan as an adsorbing biomaterial for pesticides and heavy metals removal. Further, prospects of employing fungus to over-come the existing bioremediation limitations are discussed. The study highlights the potential scope of utilizing fungi for initial biotransformation purposes, preceding final biodegradation by bacterial species under environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00940-8.
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16
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Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14082282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.
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17
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Bioinspired Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Terminalia bellerica Fruit Parts and Exploring Their Anti-bacterial Potency In Vitro. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:298-305. [PMID: 34294996 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles with their excellent biocompatibility are extensively used in pharma and biological applications. Terminalia bellerica (TB) dry fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extracts. The secondary metabolites screening of the aqueous extracts was done using phytochemical analysis. The green synthesized gold nanoparticles show vibrant colours. They were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis and FE-SEM. The analytical characterization methods ensured the formation of nanoparticles and could predict the nanometric size of the nanoparticles. The study also lay to determine the antibacterial potential of the TB fruit parts and TB fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles. The pathogens chosen for the study were pathogens from clinical species such as Acinetobacter pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis which cause common infections. The TB fruit part extracts, as well as TB fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles were capable enough to destroy clinical pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00937-3.
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18
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ClpC-Mediated Sporulation Regulation at Engulfment Stage in Bacillus anthracis. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:170-179. [PMID: 33927458 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial sporulation is a conserved process utilized by members of Bacillus genus and Clostridium in response to stress such as nutrient or temperature. Sporulation initiation is triggered by stress signals perceived by bacterial cell that leads to shutdown of metabolic pathways of bacterial cells. The mechanism of sporulation involves a complex network that is regulated at various checkpoints to form the viable bacterial spore. Engulfment is one such check point that drives the required cellular rearrangement necessary for the spore assembly and is mediated by bacterial proteolytic machinery that involves association of various Clp ATPases and ClpP protease. The present study highlights the importance of degradation of an anti-sigma factor F, SpoIIAB by ClpCP proteolytic machinery playing a crucial role in culmination of engulfment process during the sporulation in Bacillus anthracis.
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Mitra A, Sreedharan SM, Singh R. Concrete Crack Restoration Using Bacterially Induced Calcium Metabolism. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:229-233. [PMID: 33927464 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete structures are prone to develop cracks and cause devastation. Repair and renovation are not enough to ensure complete eradication of crack development. The entire process is costly and laborious. The microbiologically induced calcium carbonated precipitation can be effective in restoring the cracks. The calcium-based nutrients along with specific bacterial strain have been used in the present investigation. The pellets of calcium as per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are deposited in the cracks of the concrete over a period of 7 days of incubation. The presence of bacteria in the calcium precipitates as demonstrated by scanning electron microscope provides adequate strength and adhering quality to the pellets. The effective filling of cracks is confirmed with the help ultrasonic pulse velocity test also. Since, elephantine heritage and high sky buildings have high maintenance costs, the use of present technique will cut down the cost and duration of restoration. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12088-020-00916-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Mitra
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Smitha Mony Sreedharan
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
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20
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Goswami RK, Mehariya S, Obulisamy PK, Verma P. Advanced microalgae-based renewable biohydrogen production systems: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124301. [PMID: 33152683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reliance of fossil fuel for industrial and energy sectors has resulted in its depletion. Therefore, enormous efforts have been considered to move-out from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources based industrial process developments. Recently, biohydrogen (bio-H2) has been recognised as a clean source of fuel with high-energy efficiency, which can be produced via different routes. Among them, biological fermentation processes are highly recommended due to eco-friendly and economically viable approaches compared to that of thermochemical processes. However, the low H2 yield and high production cost are major bottlenecks for commercial scale operations. Thus, this review proposed an integrated microalgae-based H2 production process, which will provides a possible route for commercialization in near future. Furthermore, process integration to improve efficiency and implementation of advanced strategies for the enhancement of bio-H2 production, economic viability, and future research needs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Italy
| | | | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India.
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21
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Kaur J, Sarma AK, Jha MK, Gera P. Valorisation of crude glycerol to value-added products: Perspectives of process technology, economics and environmental issues. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00487. [PMID: 32642454 PMCID: PMC7334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The enormous production of glycerol, a waste stream from biodiesel industries, as a low-value product has been causing a threat to both the environment and the economy. Therefore, it needs to be transformed effectively and efficiently into valued products for contributing positively towards the biodiesel economy. It can either be converted directly into competent chemicals or can be used as a feedstock/precursor for deriving valuable derivatives. In this review article, a technical evaluation has been stirred up, various factors and technologies used for producing value-added products from crude glycerol, Environmental and economic aspects of different conversion routes, cost factors and challenges of integration of the different routes for biorefinery have been reviewed and elaborated. There are tremendous environmental benefits in the conversion of crude glycerol via the biochemical route, the product and residue become eco-friendly. However, chemical conversions are faster processes, and economically viable if environmental aspects are partially ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sarma
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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22
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Ramu SM, Thulasinathan B, Gujuluva Hari D, Bora A, Jayabalan T, Mohammed SN, Doble M, Arivalagan P, Alagarsamy A. Fermentative hydrogen production and bioelectricity generation from food based industrial waste: An integrative approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123447. [PMID: 32353772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, isolation and identification of hydrogen producing strains from sugar and food industry wastewater were reported. From 48 isolates in both the wastewater, initial batch studies led to the use of four effective strains, which were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus thuringiensis-FH1, Comamonas testosteroni-FB1, Klebsiella pneumoniae-FA2 and Bacillus cereus-SB2, respectively. Further optimization studies were done at various pH values (5-8) and wastewater concentrations (10-100%). In the optimized batch experimentation, K. pneumoniae-FA2 excelled with the maximum cumulative hydrogen production of 880.93 ± 44.0 mL/L. A 3 L bioreactor was employed for effective hydrogen production, which conferred that K. pneumoniae-FA2, surpassed the other three with the maximum hydrogen yield of 3.79 ± 0.04 mol H2/mol glucose. Bioelectricity production by K. pneumoniae-FA2 was also investigated in the microbial fuel cell at the optimized conditions to demonstrate its versatility in energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Murugan Ramu
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boobalan Thulasinathan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Gujuluva Hari
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhispa Bora
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilmani Jayabalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samsudeen Naina Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pugazhendhi Arivalagan
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Patel SKS, Gupta RK, Kumar V, Kondaveeti S, Kumar A, Das D, Kalia VC, Lee JK. Biomethanol Production from Methane by Immobilized Co-cultures of Methanotrophs. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:318-324. [PMID: 32647392 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol production by co-culture of methanotrophs Methylocystis bryophila and Methyloferula stellata was examined from methane, a greenhouse gas. Co-culture exhibited higher methanol yield of 4.72 mM at optimum ratio of M. bryophila and M. stellata (3:2) compared to individual cultures. The immobilized co-culture within polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed relative efficiency of 90.1% for methanol production at polymer concentration of 10% (v/v). The immobilized co-culture cells within PVA resulted in higher bioprocess stability over free cells at different pH, and temperatures. Free and encapsulated co-cultures showed maximum methanol production of 4.81 and 5.37 mM under optimum conditions, respectively. After five cycles of reusage under batch conditions, free and encapsulated co-cultures retained methanol production efficiency of 23.8 and 61.9%, respectively. The present investigation successfully revealed the useful influence of co-culture on the methanol production over pure culture. Further, encapsulation within the polymeric matrix proved to be a better approach for the enhanced stability of the bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul K Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanath Kondaveeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Devashish Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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24
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Purohit HJ. Aligning Microbial Biodiversity for Valorization of Biowastes: Conception to Perception. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:391-400. [PMID: 31762500 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of biowastes is increasing rapidly and its uncontrolled, slow and persistent fermentation leads to the release of Green-house gases (GHGs) into the environment. Exploration and exploitation of microbial diversity for degrading biowastes can result in producing diverse range of bioactive molecules, which can act as a source of bioenergy, biopolymers, nutraceuticals and antimicrobials. The whole process is envisaged to manage biowastes, and reduce their pollution causing capacity, and lead to a sustainable society. A strategy has been proposed for: (1) producing bioactive molecules, and (2) achieving a zero-pollution emission by recycling of the GHGs through biological routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
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25
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Cripa FB, Arantes MK, Sequinel R, Fiorini A, Rosado FR, Alves HJ. Poultry slaughterhouse anaerobic ponds as a source of inoculum for biohydrogen production. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:77-85. [PMID: 31591025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several waste sources have been studied as substrate sources for the production of biogas rich in hydrogen and for the isolation of bacteria capable of fermenting several substrates for the same purpose. Nonetheless, to simplify the process and minimize production costs, it is important to seek alternatives both for the use of microbial consortia using crude waste and for the use of substrates also in their crude form, without the need for purification. The aim of this study was to use only waste as inoculum and substrate for the biological production of hydrogen. Thus, samples from anaerobic ponds of a poultry slaughterhouse were used as inoculum. Sucrose, pure glycerol (in initial tests) and crude glycerol (inserted in blends with pure glycerol) were used as substrates. H2 production experiments were conducted in batches, using a reactor kept in an anaerobic environment for 11 days, at 35°C, under orbital agitation at 150 rpm. To analyse the composition of the biogas and the presence of soluble metabolic products (SMPs), samples of the headspace gases generated and of the reaction medium were collected. The results using sucrose as substrate indicated that the inoculum under study has potential for bio-H2 production, as it produced CH4-free biogas containing 50-60% H2. The inoculum was also shown to be adaptable to the use of glycerine as a substrate, producing biogas with similar characteristics to those obtained from sucrose degradation; however, it required a longer acclimatization period, and thus more in-depth study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bernardo Cripa
- Postgraduate Programme in Bioenergy, Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil.
| | - Mabel Karina Arantes
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sequinel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fiorini
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rogério Rosado
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Helton José Alves
- Postgraduate Programme in Bioenergy, Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Catalysis and Biofuel Production (LabCatProBio), Federal University of Paraná UFPR (Sector Palotina), R. Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR 85950-000, Brazil
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26
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Si B, Watson J, Aierzhati A, Yang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Biohythane production of post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater: A comparison of two-stage fermentation and catalytic hydrothermal gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:335-342. [PMID: 30529481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient methods to recover energy from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHW) is critical for scaling up hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology. Here we evaluated two-stage fermentation (TF) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) for biohythane production using PHW. A hydrogen yield of 29 mL·g-1 COD and methane yield of 254 mL·g-1 COD were achieved via TF. In comparison, a higher hydrogen yield (116 mL·g-1 COD) and lower methane yield (65 mL·g-1 COD) were achieved during CHG. Further, a techno-economic and sensitivity analysis was conducted. The capital cost and operating cost for TF varied with the different reactor systems. TF with high-rate reactors suggested its promising commercialized application as it had a lower minimum selling price (-0.71 to 2.59 USD per gallon of gasoline equivalent) compared with conventional fossil fuels under both the best and reference market conditions. Compared with TF, CHG was only likely to be profitable under the best case conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buchun Si
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jamison Watson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aersi Aierzhati
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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27
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Prakash J, Sharma R, Patel SKS, Kim IW, Kalia VC. Bio-hydrogen production by co-digestion of domestic wastewater and biodiesel industry effluent. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199059. [PMID: 29995877 PMCID: PMC6040696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing water crisis makes fresh water a valuable resource, which must be used wisely. However, with growing population and inefficient waste treatment systems, the amount of wastewater dispelled in rivers is increasing abominably. Utilizing this freely available waste-water along with biodiesel industry waste- crude glycerol for bio-hydrogen production is being reported here. The bacterial cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis strain EGU45 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CD16 produced2.4-3.0 L H2/day/L feed during a 60 days continuous culture system at hydraulic retention time of 2 days. An average H2 yield of 100-120 L/L CG was reported by the two strains. Recycling of the effluent by up to 25% resulted in up to 94% H2 production compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CSIR–Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- CSIR–Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (VCK); (IWK)
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CSIR–Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (VCK); (IWK)
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Prakash J, Gupta RK, Xx P, Kalia VC. Bioprocessing of Biodiesel Industry Effluent by Immobilized Bacteria to Produce Value-Added Products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:179-190. [PMID: 29101733 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel industrial effluent rich in crude glycerol (CG) was processed to produce value-added product. Under continuous culture system, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CD16 immobilized within its biofilm, produced 3.2 L H2/day/L feed, over a period of 60 days at a hydraulic retention time of 2 days. The effective H2 yield by B. amyloliquefaciens strain CD16 was 165 L/L CG. This H2 yield was 1.18-fold higher than that observed with non-biofilm forming Bacillus thuringiensis strain EGU45. Bioprocessing of the effluent released after this stage, by recycling it up to 25% did not have any adverse effect on H2 production by strain EGU45; however, a 25% reduction in yield was recorded with strain CD16. Biofilm forming H2 producers thus proved effective as self-immobilizing system leading to enhanced process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Prakash
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2, Rafi Marg, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Gupta
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Xx
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2, Rafi Marg, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2, Rafi Marg, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Patel SKS, Lee JK, Kalia VC. Nanoparticles in Biological Hydrogen Production: An Overview. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 58:8-18. [PMID: 29434392 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological hydrogen (H2) production enhancement through the use of nanoparticles (NPs) supplement in the media is being recognized as a promising approach. The NPs, including those of metal and metal oxides have shown a significant improvement in the BHP. A number of organisms as pure or mixed cultures can produce H2 in presence of NPs from pure sugars and biowaste as a feed. However, their H2 production efficiencies have been found to vary significantly with the type of NPs and their concentration. In this review article, the potential role of NPs in the enhancement of H2 production has been assessed in dark- and photo-fermentative organisms using sugars and biowaste materials as feed. Further, the integrative approaches for commercial applications of NPs in BHP have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K S Patel
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 143-701 Korea.,2Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 143-701 Korea
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- 2Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
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Integrative Approach for Producing Hydrogen and Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Mixed Wastes of Biological Origin. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:293-300. [PMID: 27407293 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an integrative approach to produce biohydrogen (H2) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from the wastes of biological origin was investigated. A defined set of mixed cultures was used for hydrolysis and the hydrolysates were used to produce H2. The effluent from H2 production stage was used for PHA production. Under batch culture, a maximum of 62 l H2/kg of pure potato peels (Total solid, TS 2 %, w/v) and 54 l H2/kg of mixed biowastes (MBW1) was recorded. Using effluent from the H2 production stage of biowaste mixture (MBW1), Bacillus cereus EGU43 could produce 195 mg PHA/l and 15.6 % (w/w). Further, supplementation of GM-2 medium (0.1×) and glucose (0.5 %) in H2 production stage effluents, resulted in significant improvements of up to 11 and 41.7 % of PHA contents, respectively. An improvement of 3.9- and 17-fold in PHA yields as compared to with and without integrative H2 production from the MBW1 has been recorded. This integrative approach seems to be a suitable process to improve the yields of H2 and PHA by mixing biowastes.
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31
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Kalia VC, Prakash J, Koul S. Biorefinery for Glycerol Rich Biodiesel Industry Waste. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:113-25. [PMID: 27570302 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiesel industry has the potential to meet the fuel requirements in the future. A few inherent lacunae of this bioprocess are the effluent, which is 10 % of the actual product, and the fact that it is 85 % glycerol along with a few impurities. Biological treatments of wastes have been known as a dependable and economical direction of overseeing them and bring some value added products as well. A novel eco-biotechnological strategy employs metabolically diverse bacteria, which ensures higher reproducibility and economics. In this article, we have opined, which organisms and what bioproducts should be the focus, while exploiting glycerol as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Jyotsana Prakash
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Shikha Koul
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Nam JY, Kim DH, Kim SH, Lee W, Shin HS, Kim HW. Harnessing dark fermentative hydrogen from pretreated mixture of food waste and sewage sludge under sequencing batch mode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7155-7161. [PMID: 26150291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Food waste and sewage sludge are the most abundant and problematic organic wastes in any society. Mixture of these two wastes may provide appropriate substrate condition for dark fermentative biohydrogen production based on synergistic mutual benefits. This work evaluates continuous hydrogen production from the cosubstrate of food waste and sewage sludge to verify mechanisms of performance improvement in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors. Volatile solid concentration and mixing ratio of food waste and sludge were adjusted to 5 % and 80:20, respectively. Five different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 36, 42, 48, 72, and 108 h were tested using anaerobic sequencing batch reactors to find out optimal operating condition. Results show that the best performance was achieved at HRT 72 h, where the hydrogen yield, the hydrogen production rate, and hydrogen content were 62.0 mL H2/g VS, 1.0 L H2/L/day, and ~50 %, respectively. Sufficient solid retention time (143 h) and proper loading rate (8.2 g COD/L/day as carbohydrate) at HRT 72h led to the enhanced performance with better hydrogen production showing appropriate n-butyrate/acetate (B/A) ratio of 2.6. Analytical result of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed that specific peaks associated with Clostridium sp. and Bacillus sp. were strongly related to enhanced hydrogen production from the cosubstrate of food waste and sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 695-971, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Namgu, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-714, Korea
| | - Wontae Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 730-701, Korea
| | - Hang-Sik Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-338, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedae-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Korea.
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Kumar P, Ray S, Kalia VC. Production of co-polymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates by regulating the hydrolysis of biowastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:413-9. [PMID: 26512866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) co-polymers by Bacillus spp. was studied by feeding defined volatile fatty acids (VFAs) obtained through controlled hydrolysis of various wastes. Eleven mixed hydrolytic cultures (MHCs) each containing 6 strains could generate VFA from slurries of (2% total solids): pea-shells (PS), potato peels (PP), apple pomace (AP) and onion peels (OP). PS hydrolysates (obtained with MHC2 and MHC5) inoculated with Bacillus cereus EGU43 and Bacillus thuringiensis EGU45 produced co-polymers of PHA at the rate of 15-60mg/L with a 3HV content of 1%w/w. An enhancement in PHA yield of 3.66-fold, i.e. 205-550mg/L with 3HV content up to 7.5%(w/w) was observed upon addition of OP hydrolysate and 1% glucose (w/v) to PS hydrolysates. This is the first demonstration, where PHA co-polymer composition, under non-axenic conditions, could be controlled by customizing VFA profile of the hydrolysate by the addition of different biowastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Subhasree Ray
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2, Rafi Marg, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2, Rafi Marg, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India
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Comparison of Different Strategies for Selection/Adaptation of Mixed Microbial Cultures Able to Ferment Crude Glycerol Derived from Second-Generation Biodiesel. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:932934. [PMID: 26509171 PMCID: PMC4609794 DOI: 10.1155/2015/932934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective of this study was the selection and adaptation of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), able to ferment crude glycerol generated from animal fat-based biodiesel and produce building-blocks and green chemicals. Various adaptation strategies have been investigated for the enrichment of suitable and stable MMC, trying to overcome inhibition problems and enhance substrate degradation efficiency, as well as generation of soluble fermentation products. Repeated transfers in small batches and fed-batch conditions have been applied, comparing the use of different inoculum, growth media, and Kinetic Control. The adaptation of activated sludge inoculum was performed successfully and continued unhindered for several months. The best results showed a substrate degradation efficiency of almost 100% (about 10 g/L glycerol in 21 h) and different dominant metabolic products were obtained, depending on the selection strategy (mainly 1,3-propanediol, ethanol, or butyrate). On the other hand, anaerobic sludge exhibited inactivation after a few transfers. To circumvent this problem, fed-batch mode was used as an alternative adaptation strategy, which led to effective substrate degradation and high 1,3-propanediol and butyrate production. Changes in microbial composition were monitored by means of Next Generation Sequencing, revealing a dominance of glycerol consuming species, such as Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Escherichia.
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35
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Singh M, Kumar P, Ray S, Kalia VC. Challenges and Opportunities for Customizing Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:235-49. [PMID: 26063933 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as an alternative to synthetic plastics have been gaining increasing attention. Being natural in their origin, PHAs are completely biodegradable and eco-friendly. However, consistent efforts to exploit this biopolymer over the last few decades have not been able to pull PHAs out of their nascent stage, inspite of being the favorite of the commercial world. The major limitations are: (1) the high production cost, which is due to the high cost of the feed and (2) poor thermal and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), the most commonly produced PHAs. PHAs have the physicochemical properties which are quite comparable to petroleum based plastics, but PHB being homopolymers are quite brittle, less elastic and have thermal properties which are not suitable for processing them into sturdy products. These properties, including melting point (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation etc. can be improved by varying the monomeric composition and molecular weight. These enhanced characteristics can be achieved by modifications in the types of substrates, feeding strategies, culture conditions and/or genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamtesh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, Delhi, 110049 India
| | - Prasun Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Subhasree Ray
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
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