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Gong G, Wu B, Liu L, Li J, He M. Engineering oleaginous red yeasts as versatile chassis for the production of oleochemicals and valuable compounds: Current advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 76:108432. [PMID: 39163921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Enabling the transition towards a future circular bioeconomy based on industrial biomanufacturing necessitates the development of efficient and versatile microbial platforms for sustainable chemical and fuel production. Recently, there has been growing interest in engineering non-model microbes as superior biomanufacturing platforms due to their broad substrate range and high resistance to stress conditions. Among these non-conventional microbes, red yeasts belonging to the genus Rhodotorula have emerged as promising industrial chassis for the production of specialty chemicals such as oleochemicals, organic acids, fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, and other valuable compounds. Advancements in genetic and metabolic engineering techniques, coupled with systems biology analysis, have significantly enhanced the production capacity of red yeasts. These developments have also expanded the range of substrates and products that can be utilized or synthesized by these yeast species. This review comprehensively examines the current efforts and recent progress made in red yeast research. It encompasses the exploration of available substrates, systems analysis using multi-omics data, establishment of genome-scale models, development of efficient molecular tools, identification of genetic elements, and engineering approaches for the production of various industrially relevant bioproducts. Furthermore, strategies to improve substrate conversion and product formation both with systematic and synthetic biology approaches are discussed, along with future directions and perspectives in improving red yeasts as more versatile biotechnological chassis in contributing to a circular bioeconomy. The review aims to provide insights and directions for further research in this rapidly evolving field. Ultimately, harnessing the capabilities of red yeasts will play a crucial role in paving the way towards next-generation sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Gong
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Rural Energy and Ecology Research Center of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Rural Energy and Ecology Research Center of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Linpei Liu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Rural Energy and Ecology Research Center of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianting Li
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Rural Energy and Ecology Research Center of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Rural Energy and Ecology Research Center of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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2
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Sunder S, Gupta A, Kataria R, Ruhal R. Potential of Rhodosporidium toruloides for Fatty Acids Production Using Lignocellulose Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2881-2900. [PMID: 37615852 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids are ideal for developing liquid biofuels because of their sustainability and no dependence on food crops. Especially the bioprocess for microbial lipids may be made economical by using sustainable approaches, e.g., lignocellulose-based carbon sources. This demand led to a search for ideal microorganisms with the ability to utilize efficiently biomass into value-added products. Rhodosporidium toruloides species belongs to the family of oleaginous (OG) yeast, which aggregates up to 70% of its biomass to produce fatty acids which can be converted to a variety of biofuels. R. toruloides is extremely adaptable to different types of feedstocks. Among all feedstock, a lot of effort is going on to develop a bioprocess of fatty acid production from lignocellulose biomass. The lignocellulose biomass is pretreated using harsh conditions of acid, alkali, and other which leads to the generation of a variety of sugars and toxic compounds. Thus, so obtained lignocellulose hydrolysate may have conditions of different pH, variable carbon and nitrogen ratios, and other non-optimum conditions. Accordingly, a detailed investigation is required for molecular level metabolism of R. toruloides in response to the hydrolysate for producing desired biochemicals like fatty acids. The present review focuses on numerous elements and obstacles, including metabolism, biofuel production, cultivation parameters, and genetic alteration of mutants in extracting fatty acids from lignocellulosic materials utilizing Rhodosporidium spp. This review provides useful information on the research working to develop processes for lignocellulose biomass using oleaginous yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Sunder
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rashmi Kataria
- School of Bio Science and Technology, VIT Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rohit Ruhal
- School of Bio Science and Technology, VIT Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Yang Q, Ran Y, Guo S, Li F, Xiang D, Cao Y, Qiao D, Xu H, Cao Y. Molecular characterization and expression profiling of two flavohemoglobin genes play essential roles in dissolved oxygen and NO stress in Saitozyma podzolica zwy2-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127008. [PMID: 37844810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavohemoglobins (Fhbs) are key enzymes involved in microbial nitrosative stress resistance and nitric oxide degradation. However, the roles of Fhbs in fungi remain largely unknown. In this study, SpFhb1 and SpFhb2, two flavohemoglobin-encoding genes in Saitozyma podzolica zwy2-3 were characterized. Protein structure analysis and molecular docking showed that SpFhbs were conserved in bacteria and fungi. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SpFhb2 may be acquired through the transfer event of independent horizontal genes from bacteria. The expression levels of SpFhb1 and SpFhb2 showed opposite trend under high/low dissolved oxygen, implying that they may exhibited different functions. Through deletion and overexpression of SpFhbs, we confirmed that SpFhbs were conducive to lipid accumulation under high stress. The sensitivities of ΔFhb mutants to NO stress were significantly increased compared with that in the WT, indicating that they were required for NO detoxification and nitrosative stress resistance in S. podzolica zwy2-3. Furthermore, SpAsg1 was identified that simultaneously regulates SpFhbs, which functions in the lipid accumulation under high/low dissolved oxygen and NO stress in S. podzolica zwy2-3. Overall, two different SpFhbs were identified in this study, providing new insights into the mechanism of lipid accumulation in fungi under high/low dissolved oxygen and NO stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuoma Yang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yulu Ran
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shengtao Guo
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Fazhi Li
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Dongyou Xiang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Gallego-García M, Susmozas A, Negro MJ, Moreno AD. Challenges and prospects of yeast-based microbial oil production within a biorefinery concept. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:246. [PMID: 38053171 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, unlike to its fossil-based homologue (diesel), is renewable. Its use contributes to greater sustainability in the energy sector, mainly by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Current biodiesel production relies on plant- and animal-related feedstocks, resulting in high final costs to the prices of those raw materials. In addition, the production of those materials competes for arable land and has provoked a heated debate involving their use food vs. fuel. As an alternative, single-cell oils (SCOs) obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are attractive sources as a biofuel precursor due to their high lipid content, and composition similar to vegetable oils and animal fats. To make SCOs competitive from an economic point of view, the use of readily available low-cost substrates becomes essential. This work reviews the most recent advances in microbial oil production from non-synthetic sugar-rich media, particularly sugars from lignocellulosic wastes, highlighting the main challenges and prospects for deploying this technology fully in the framework of a Biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gallego-García
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Susmozas
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María José Negro
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Antonio D Moreno
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Tomás-Pejó E, Morales-Palomo S, González-Fernández C. Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum and Yarrowia lipolytica as key players for green chemistry: efficient oil producers from food waste via the carboxylate platform. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2286723. [PMID: 38010763 PMCID: PMC10761111 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2286723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum and Yarrowia lipolytica can accumulate microbial oils using short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as carbon sources. SCFAs-rich media often contain significant amounts of nitrogen that prevent high carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios necessary to boost lipid production. This work assessed the intrinsic ability of C. curvatum and Y. lipolytica to produce high amounts of microbial oils from these unusual carbon sources. Results demonstrated that minor differences in SCFA concentration (only 2 g/L) had a significant effect on yeast growth and lipid production. A C:N of 80 promoted yeast growth at all SCFA concentrations and favored SCFA consumption at 19 g/L SCFAs. The different SCFA uptake preferences in C. curvatum and Y. lipolytica highlighted the importance of considering the SCFA profile to select a suitable yeast strain for microbial oils production. At the most challenging SCFA concentration (19 g/L), 57.2% ±1.6% (w/w) and 78.4 ± 0.6% (w/w) lipid content were obtained in C. curvatum and Y. lipolytica, respectively. These values are among the highest reported for wild-type strains. To circumvent the challenges associated with media with high nitrogen content, this report also proved struvite precipitation as an effective method for increasing lipid production (from 17.9 ± 3.9% (w/w) to 41.9 ± 2.6% (w/w)) after nitrogen removal in food waste-derived media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina González-Fernández
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid, Spain
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6
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Zhang JX, Liu XL, Wang L, Fang Z. Two-stage process production of microbial lipid by co-fermentation of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine from food wastes with Cryptococcus curvatus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129685. [PMID: 37595808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids were produced through a two-stage process with Cryptococcus curvatus by co-fermenting rice and shrimp shells hydrolysates. In the first stage, biomass production of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine was optimized by response surface methodology with the maximum biomass yield (17.60 g/L) under optimum conditions (43.2 g/L mixed sugar concentration, pH 5.8, 200 rpm, and 28 °C). In the second stage, according to a single-factor optimization setting (43.2 g/L sugar mixture solutions, pH 5.5, and shift time of 36 h), lipid titer of 10.08 g/L with content of 55.30 % was achieved. Scaling up to a 5-L bioreactor increased lipid content to 60.07 % with 0.233 g/g yield. When Cryptococcus curvatus was cultured in the blends of rice hydrolysates and shrimp shells hydrolysate, lipid content and yield were 52.25 % and 0.204 g/g. The fatty acid compositions of lipid were similar to those of typical vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Zhang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Xiao-le Liu
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
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7
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Liu M, Wang H, Yan X, Zhang S, Ji C, Chen Y, Zhu B, Lin X. Multi-omics analysis reveals the mechanism of torularhodin accumulation in the mutant Rhodosporidium toruloides A1-15 under nitrogen-limited conditions. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37325941 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A carotenoid production strain Rhodosporidium toruloides NP11 and its mutant strain R. toruloides A1-15 were studied under chemostat nitrogen-limited cultivation. Multi-omics analysis (metabolomics, lipidomics and transcriptomics) was used to investigate the different mechanisms of torularhodin accumulation between NP11 and A1-15. The results showed that the carotenoid synthesis pathway was significantly enhanced in A1-15 compared to NP11 under nitrogen limitation, due to the significant increase of torularhodin. Under nitrogen-limited conditions, higher levels of β-oxidation were present in A1-15 compared to those in NP11, which provided sufficient precursors for carotenoid synthesis. In addition, ROS stress accelerated the intracellular transport of iron ions, promoted the expression of CRTI and CRTY genes, and reduced the transcript levels of FNTB1 and FNTB2 in the bypass pathway, and these factors may be responsible for the regulation of high torularhodin production in A1-15. This study provided insights into the selective production of torularhodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sufang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaofan Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinping Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Recycling Food Waste and Saving Water: Optimization of the Fermentation Processes from Cheese Whey Permeate to Yeast Oil. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing bioprocesses for waste valorization and a reduced water footprint, we optimized a two-step fermentation process that employs the oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus for the production of oil from liquid cheese whey permeate. For the first step, the addition of urea as a cost-effective nitrogen source allowed an increase in yeast biomass production. In the second step, a syrup from candied fruit processing, another food waste supplied as carbon feeding, triggered lipid accumulation. Consequently, yeast lipids were produced at a final concentration and productivity of 38 g/L and 0.57 g/L/h respectively, which are among the highest reported values. Through this strategy, based on the valorization of liquid food wastes (WP and mango syrup) and by recovering not only nutritional compounds but also the water necessary for yeast growth and lipid production, we addressed one of the main goals of the circular economy. In addition, we set up an accurate and fast-flow cytometer method to quantify the lipid content, avoiding the extraction step and the use of solvents. This can represent an analytical improvement to screening lipids in different yeast strains and to monitoring the process at the single-cell level.
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Mota MN, Múgica P, Sá-Correia I. Exploring Yeast Diversity to Produce Lipid-Based Biofuels from Agro-Forestry and Industrial Organic Residues. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:687. [PMID: 35887443 PMCID: PMC9315891 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of yeast diversity for the sustainable production of biofuels, in particular biodiesel, is gaining momentum in recent years. However, sustainable, and economically viable bioprocesses require yeast strains exhibiting: (i) high tolerance to multiple bioprocess-related stresses, including the various chemical inhibitors present in hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass and residues; (ii) the ability to efficiently consume all the major carbon sources present; (iii) the capacity to produce lipids with adequate composition in high yields. More than 160 non-conventional (non-Saccharomyces) yeast species are described as oleaginous, but only a smaller group are relatively well characterised, including Lipomyces starkeyi, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Cutaneotrichosporonoleaginosus and Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum. This article provides an overview of lipid production by oleaginous yeasts focusing on yeast diversity, metabolism, and other microbiological issues related to the toxicity and tolerance to multiple challenging stresses limiting bioprocess performance. This is essential knowledge to better understand and guide the rational improvement of yeast performance either by genetic manipulation or by exploring yeast physiology and optimal process conditions. Examples gathered from the literature showing the potential of different oleaginous yeasts/process conditions to produce oils for biodiesel from agro-forestry and industrial organic residues are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N. Mota
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Múgica
- BIOREF—Collaborative Laboratory for Biorefineries, Rua da Amieira, Apartado 1089, São Mamede de Infesta, 4465-901 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Gientka I, Wirkowska-Wojdyła M, Ostrowska-Ligęza E, Janowicz M, Reczek L, Synowiec A, Błażejak S. Enhancing Red Yeast Biomass Yield and Lipid Biosynthesis by Using Waste Nitrogen Source by Glucose Fed-Batch at Low Temperature. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061253. [PMID: 35744771 PMCID: PMC9229382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the effect of simple feeding strategies and temperature to obtain high-cell-density cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 maximizing the de novo lipid productivity using deproteinated potato wastewater (DPW) as a basic medium. Feeding DPW with glucose enables a high yield of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 biomass (52 g d.w. L−1) to be obtained. The highest values of lipid accumulation (34.15%, w/w), production (14.68 g L−1) and yield coefficients (YL/S: 0.242 g g−1), and volumetric productivity (PL: 0.1 g L−1 h−1) were reached by the strain in the two-stage fed-batch process at 20 °C. The lipid of yeast biomass was rich in oleic acid (Δ9C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0), and the lower temperature of incubation significantly increased the MUFA (especially oleic acid) content. For the first time, a unique set of thermal analyses of the microbial oil was performed. The isotherms of the oxidation kinetics (PDSC) showed that lipids extracted from the biomass of red yeast had high oxidative stability. This feature of the yeast oil can be useful for long-shelf-life food products and can be promising for the production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gientka
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Wirkowska-Wojdyła
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.-W.); (E.O.-L.)
| | - Ewa Ostrowska-Ligęza
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.-W.); (E.O.-L.)
| | - Monika Janowicz
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Reczek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Synowiec
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (S.B.)
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11
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Donzella S, Serra I, Fumagalli A, Pellegrino L, Mosconi G, Lo Scalzo R, Compagno C. Recycling industrial food wastes for lipid production by oleaginous yeasts Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35568880 PMCID: PMC9107756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids have been emerging as a sustainable alternative to vegetable oils and animal fat to produce biodiesel and industrial relevant chemicals. The use of wastes for microbial processes can represent a way for upgrading low value feedstock to high value products, addressing one of the main goals of circular economy, the reduction of wastes by recycling. Two oleaginous yeasts, Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum, were used in this study to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. RESULTS In this study wastes from industrial food processing, as pumpkin peels and syrup from candied fruits manufacture, were used for yeast cultivation and for lipids production. Evaluation of growth and sugar consumption revealed marked differences between the yeasts in capacity to utilize the main sugars present in the feedstock. In particular, we observed an unexpected limitation in glucose metabolism on mineral defined media by R. azoricus. Both species showed ability to grow and accumulate lipids on media exclusively composed by undiluted pumpkin peel hydrolysate, and R. azoricus was the best performing. By a two-stage process carried out in bioreactor, this species reached a biomass concentration of 45 g/L (dry weight) containing 55% of lipids, corresponding to a lipid concentration of 24 g/L, with a productivity of 0.26 g/L/h and yield of 0.24 g lipids per g of utilized sugar. CONCLUSIONS Wastes from industrial food processing were sufficient to completely support yeast growth and to induce lipid accumulation. This study provides strong evidence that the concept of valorisation through the production of lipids from the metabolism of nutrients present in agro-industrial wastes by oleaginous yeasts is promising for implementation of biotechnological processes in a circular economy contest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria at Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), via G. Venezian 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Evaluation of Lignocellulosic Wastewater Valorization with the Oleaginous Yeasts R. kratochvilovae EXF7516 and C. oleaginosum ATCC 20509. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the conversion of lignocellulose, phenolic wastewaters are generated. Therefore, researchers have investigated wastewater valorization processes in which these pollutants are converted to chemicals, i.e., lipids. However, wastewaters are lean feedstocks, so these valorization processes in research typically require the addition of large quantities of sugars and sterilization, which increase costs. This paper investigates a repeated batch fermentation strategy with Rhodotorula kratochvilovae EXF7516 and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum ATCC 20509, without these requirements. The pollutant removal and its conversion to microbial oil were evaluated. Because of the presence of non-monomeric substrates, the ligninolytic enzyme activity was also investigated. The repeated batch fermentation strategy was successful, as more lipids accumulated every cycle, up to a total of 5.4 g/L (23% cell dry weight). In addition, the yeasts consumed up to 87% of monomeric substrates, i.e., sugars, aromatics, and organics acids, and up to 23% of non-monomeric substrates, i.e., partially degraded xylan, lignin, cellulose. Interestingly, lipid production was only observed during the harvest phase of each cycle, as the cells experienced stress, possibly due to oxygen limitation. This work presents the first results on the feasibility of valorizing non-sterilized lignocellulosic wastewater with R. kratochvilovae and C. oleaginosum using a cost-effective repeated batch strategy.
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13
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Abeln F, Chuck CJ. The history, state of the art and future prospects for oleaginous yeast research. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:221. [PMID: 34876155 PMCID: PMC8650507 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based biofuels, such as biodiesel and hydroprocessed esters, are a central part of the global initiative to reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector. The vast majority of production is currently from first-generation feedstocks, such as rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. However, the increased exploitation of soybean oil and palm oil has led to vast deforestation, smog emissions and heavily impacted on biodiversity in tropical regions. One promising alternative, potentially capable of meeting future demand sustainably, are oleaginous yeasts. Despite being known about for 143 years, there has been an increasing effort in the last decade to develop a viable industrial system, with currently around 100 research papers published annually. In the academic literature, approximately 160 native yeasts have been reported to produce over 20% of their dry weight in a glyceride-rich oil. The most intensively studied oleaginous yeast have been Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus (20% of publications), Rhodotorula toruloides (19%) and Yarrowia lipolytica (19%). Oleaginous yeasts have been primarily grown on single saccharides (60%), hydrolysates (26%) or glycerol (19%), and mainly on the mL scale (66%). Process development and genetic modification (7%) have been applied to alter yeast performance and the lipids, towards the production of biofuels (77%), food/supplements (24%), oleochemicals (19%) or animal feed (3%). Despite over a century of research and the recent application of advanced genetic engineering techniques, the industrial production of an economically viable commodity oil substitute remains elusive. This is mainly due to the estimated high production cost, however, over the course of the twenty-first century where climate change will drastically change global food supply networks and direct governmental action will likely be levied at more destructive crops, yeast lipids offer a flexible platform for localised, sustainable lipid production. Based on data from the large majority of oleaginous yeast academic publications, this review is a guide through the history of oleaginous yeast research, an assessment of the best growth and lipid production achieved to date, the various strategies employed towards industrial production and importantly, a critical discussion about what needs to be built on this huge body of work to make producing a yeast-derived, more sustainable, glyceride oil a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abeln
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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14
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Deeba F, Kumar KK, Rajacharya GH, Gaur NA. Metabolomic Profiling Revealed Diversion of Cytidinediphosphate-Diacylglycerol and Glycerol Pathway towards Denovo Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Rhodosporidium toruloides. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110967. [PMID: 34829254 PMCID: PMC8625802 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides has great biotechnological potential and scientific interest, yet the molecular rationale of its cellular behavior to carbon and nitrogen ratios with concurrent lipid agglomeration remains elusive. Here, metabolomics adaptations of the R. toruloides in response to varying glucose and nitrogen concentrations have been investigated. In preliminary screening we found that 5% glucose (w/v) was optimal for further analysis in Rhodosporidium toruloides 3641. Hereafter, the effect of complementation to increase lipid agglomeration was evaluated with different nitrogen sources and their concentration. The results obtained illustrated that the biomass (13 g/L) and lipid (9.1 g/L) production were maximum on 5% (w/v) glucose and 0.12% (NH4)2SO4. Furthermore, to shed lights on lipid accumulation induced by nitrogen-limitation, we performed metabolomic analysis of the oleaginous yeast R. toruloides 3641. Significant changes were observed in metabolite concentrations by qualitative metabolomics through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which were mapped onto the governing metabolic pathways. Notable finding in this strain concerns glycerol and CDP-DAG metabolism wherein reduced production of glycerol and phospholipids induced a bypass leading to enhanced de-novo triacylglyceride synthesis. Collectively, our findings help in understanding the central carbon metabolism of R. toruloides which may assist in developing rationale metabolic models and engineering efforts in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Deeba
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.G.); Tel.: +91-112-674-1358 (ext. 452) (N.A.G.)
| | | | | | - Naseem A. Gaur
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.G.); Tel.: +91-112-674-1358 (ext. 452) (N.A.G.)
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15
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Cao X, Pan Y, Wei W, Yuan T, Wang S, Xiang L, Yuan Y. Single cell oil production by Trichosporon sp.: Effects of fermentation conditions on fatty acid composition and applications in synthesis of structured triacylglycerols. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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17
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Oleaginous Yeasts as Cell Factories for the Sustainable Production of Microbial Lipids by the Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The agri-food industry annually produces huge amounts of crops residues and wastes, the suitable management of these products is important to increase the sustainability of agro-industrial production by optimizing the entire value chain. This is also in line with the driving principles of the circular economy, according to which residues can become feedstocks for novel processes. Oleaginous yeasts represent a versatile tool to produce biobased chemicals and intermediates. They are flexible microbial factories able to grow on different side-stream carbon sources such as those deriving from agri-food wastes, and this characteristic makes them excellent candidates for integrated biorefinery processes through the production of microbial lipids, known as single cell oils (SCOs), for different applications. This review aims to present an extensive overview of research progress on the production and use of oleaginous yeasts and present discussions on the current bottlenecks and perspectives of their exploitation in different sectors, such as foods, biofuels and fine chemicals.
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18
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Chattopadhyay A, Mitra M, Maiti MK. Recent advances in lipid metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeasts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107722. [PMID: 33631187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand to develop a renewable and sustainable biolipid feedstock, several species of non-conventional oleaginous yeasts are being explored. Apart from the platform oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the understanding of metabolic pathway and, therefore, exploiting the engineering prospects of most of the oleaginous species are still in infancy. However, in the past few years, enormous efforts have been invested in Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Lipomyces, Trichosporon, and Candida genera of yeasts among others, with the rapid advancement of engineering strategies, significant improvement in genetic tools and techniques, generation of extensive bioinformatics and omics data. In this review, we have collated these recent progresses to make a detailed and insightful summary of the major developments in metabolic engineering of the prominent oleaginous yeast species. Such a comprehensive overview would be a useful resource for future strain improvement and metabolic engineering studies for enhanced production of lipid and lipid-derived chemicals in oleaginous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mohor Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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19
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Pham N, Reijnders M, Suarez-Diez M, Nijsse B, Springer J, Eggink G, Schaap PJ. Genome-scale metabolic modeling underscores the potential of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a cell factory for biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 33407779 PMCID: PMC7788717 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 is a fast-growing oleaginous basidiomycete yeast that is able to grow in a wide range of low-cost carbon sources including crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production. When glycerol is used as a carbon source, this yeast can accumulate more than 50% lipids (w/w) with high concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids. RESULTS To increase our understanding of this yeast and to provide a knowledge base for further industrial use, a FAIR re-annotated genome was used to build a genome-scale, constraint-based metabolic model containing 1553 reactions involving 1373 metabolites in 11 compartments. A new description of the biomass synthesis reaction was introduced to account for massive lipid accumulation in conditions with high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the media. This condition-specific biomass objective function is shown to better predict conditions with high lipid accumulation using glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, and glycerol as sole carbon source. CONCLUSION Contributing to the economic viability of biodiesel as renewable fuel, C. oleaginosus ATCC 20509 can effectively convert crude glycerol waste streams in lipids as a potential bioenergy source. Performance simulations are essential to identify optimal production conditions and to develop and fine tune a cost-effective production process. Our model suggests ATP-citrate lyase as a possible target to further improve lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Pham
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Reijnders
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Nijsse
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Springer
- Food and Biobased Research and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Food and Biobased Research and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030453. [PMID: 32210119 PMCID: PMC7143989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.
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21
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Donzella S, Cucchetti D, Capusoni C, Rizzi A, Galafassi S, Chiara G, Compagno C. Engineering cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthesis decouples lipid production from nitrogen starvation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium azoricum. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:199. [PMID: 31727065 PMCID: PMC6854766 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous yeasts are able to accumulate very high levels of neutral lipids especially under condition of excess of carbon and nitrogen limitation (medium with high C/N ratio). This makes necessary the use of two-steps processes in order to achieve high level of biomass and lipid. To simplify the process, the decoupling of lipid synthesis from nitrogen starvation, by establishing a cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation pathway alternative to the one catalysed by ATP-citrate lyase, can be useful. RESULTS In this work, we introduced a new cytoplasmic route for acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) formation in Rhodosporidium azoricum by overexpressing genes encoding for homologous phosphoketolase (Xfpk) and heterologous phosphotransacetylase (Pta). The engineered strain PTAPK4 exhibits higher lipid content and produces higher lipid concentration than the wild type strain when it was cultivated in media containing different C/N ratios. In a bioreactor process performed on glucose/xylose mixture, to simulate an industrial process for lipid production from lignocellulosic materials, we obtained an increase of 89% in final lipid concentration by the engineered strain in comparison to the wild type. This indicates that the transformed strain can produce higher cellular biomass with a high lipid content than the wild type. The transformed strain furthermore evidenced the advantage over the wild type in performing this process, being the lipid yields 0.13 and 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that the overexpression of homologous Xfpk and heterologous Pta activities in R. azoricum creates a new cytosolic AcCoA supply that decouples lipid production from nitrogen starvation. This metabolic modification allows improving lipid production in cultural conditions that can be suitable for the development of industrial bioprocesses using lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Capusoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gambaro Chiara
- Eni S.p.A.-Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center-Istituto Eni Donegani, Novara, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Karamerou EE, Webb C. Cultivation modes for microbial oil production using oleaginous yeasts – A review. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Pawar PP, Odaneth AA, Vadgama RN, Lali AM. Simultaneous lipid biosynthesis and recovery for oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:237. [PMID: 31624499 PMCID: PMC6781333 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trends in bioprocessing have underlined the significance of lignocellulosic biomass conversions for biofuel production. These conversions demand at least 90% energy upgradation of cellulosic sugars to generate renewable drop-in biofuel precursors (Heff/C ~ 2). Chemical methods fail to achieve this without substantial loss of carbon; whereas, oleaginous biological systems propose a greener upgradation route by producing oil from sugars with 30% theoretical yields. However, these oleaginous systems cannot compete with the commercial volumes of vegetable oils in terms of overall oil yields and productivities. One of the significant challenges in the commercial exploitation of these microbial oils lies in the inefficient recovery of the produced oil. This issue has been addressed using highly selective oil capturing agents (OCA), which allow a concomitant microbial oil production and in situ oil recovery process. RESULTS Adsorbent-based oil capturing agents were employed for simultaneous in situ oil recovery in the fermentative production broths. Yarrowia lipolytica, a model oleaginous yeast, was milked incessantly for oil production over 380 h in a media comprising of glucose as a sole carbon and nutrient source. This was achieved by continuous online capture of extracellular oil from the aqueous media and also the cell surface, by fluidizing the fermentation broth over an adsorbent bed of oil capturing agents (OCA). A consistent oil yield of 0.33 g per g of glucose consumed, corresponding to theoretical oil yield over glucose, was achieved using this approach. While the incorporation of the OCA increased the oil content up to 89% with complete substrate consumptions, it also caused an overall process integration. CONCLUSION The nondisruptive oil capture mediated by an OCA helped in accomplishing a trade-off between microbial oil production and its recovery. This strategy helped in realizing theoretically efficient sugar-to-oil bioconversions in a continuous production process. The process, therefore, endorses a sustainable production of molecular drop-in equivalents through oleaginous yeasts, representing as an absolute microbial oil factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Prashant Pawar
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Annamma Anil Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Rajeshkumar Natwarlal Vadgama
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Arvind Mallinath Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
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Lacerda MPF, Marcelino MY, Lourencetti NMS, Neto ÁB, Gattas EA, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Methodologies and Applications of Proteomics for Study of Yeast Strains: An Update. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:893-906. [PMID: 31322071 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190715145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts are one of the mostly used microorganisms as models in several studies. A wide range of applications in different processes can be attributed to their intrinsic characteristics. They are eukaryotes and therefore valuable expression hosts that require elaborate post-translational modifications. Their arsenal of proteins has become a valuable biochemical tool for the catalysis of several reactions of great value to the food (beverages), pharmaceutical and energy industries. Currently, the main challenge in systemic yeast biology is the understanding of the expression, function and regulation of the protein pool encoded by such microorganisms. In this review, we will provide an overview of the proteomic methodologies used in the analysis of yeasts. This research focuses on the advantages and improvements in their most recent applications with an understanding of the functionality of the proteins of these microorganisms, as well as an update of the advances of methodologies employed in mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Priscila F Lacerda
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natália M S Lourencetti
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Baptista Neto
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Edwil A Gattas
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
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25
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Awad D, Bohnen F, Mehlmer N, Brueck T. Multi-Factorial-Guided Media Optimization for Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Formation by the Oleaginous Yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:54. [PMID: 30984750 PMCID: PMC6448043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional, oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is flagged as an industrial cell factory for generation of oleochemicals and biofuels due to its substrate flexibility and high triglyceride yields. In this study, we employed a computational Response Surface Methodology to guide and streamline the experimental media optimization matrix with 12 nitrogen and 10 carbon sources in order to provide for high biomass and lipid accumulation toward an industrially relevant fermentation process. The resulting data provide new insights into C. oleaginosus physiology under variable nutritional states. Accordingly, the lipid content % (lipid weight/yeast dry weight) is controlled by a defined interplay between carbon and nitrogen. In our experimental setup, the highest biomass (18.4 ± 2.20 g/L) and lipid yield (9 ± 0.34 g/L; 49.74 ± 5.16% g lipid weight/g yeast dry cell weight) were obtained with lactose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources at an elemental weight ratio of 120:1, respectively. Interestingly, with ammonium salts as a N-source, the intracellularly accumulated triglycerides increasingly contain saturated fatty acids, which provides a new route to generate tailored fatty acid profiles for specific oleochemicals or food applications. Our data indicate that a metabolic ceiling for lipid accumulation in C. oleaginosus is obtained with the correct carbon and nitrogen source mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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26
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Zhang X, Chen J, Wu D, Li J, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Economical lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus via dissolved oxygen adjustment and crude glycerol addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:288-296. [PMID: 30448680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus has been investigated. The experiment was performed in 15 L fermenters. The dissolved oxygen concentration varied by adjusting the agitation and aeration. High dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60% enhanced cell growth. Maintaining low dissolved oxygen concentration at 20%-30% during lipogenesis phase led to high final lipid content (51%) in Trichosporon oleaginosus. The consumptions of energy and cost of the process were evaluated. The energy consumption in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process was 41% less than that with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. In addition, the cost was also reduced around one time in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process compared to the one with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. The study provided a feasible way of enhancing lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus and reducing the consumption of energy and cost of lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
| | | | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105 Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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27
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Guo D, Kong S, Zhang L, Pan H, Wang C, Liu Z. Biosynthesis of advanced biofuel farnesyl acetate using engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:577-580. [PMID: 30181019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diminishing petroleum reserves and the rapid accumulation of greenhouse gases lead to increasing interest in microbial biofuels. In this study, a heterologous farnesyl acetate biosynthesis pathway was constructed in Escherichia coli for the first time. Firstly, the AtoB, ERG13, tHMG1, ERG12, ERG8, MVD1, Idi, IspA and PgpB were expressed to accumulate farnesol in the E. coli cells. Then the alcohol acetyltransferase (ATF1) was heterologous overexpressed for the subsequent esterification farnesol to farnesyl acetate. The engineered strain DG 106 accumulated 128 ± 10.5 mg/L of farnesyl acetate. Finally, the isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase was further overexpressed, and the recombinant strain DG107 produced 201 ± 11.7 mg/L of farnesyl acetate. This study shows the novel method for the biosynthesis of the advanced biofuel farnesyl acetate directly from glucose and highlight the enormous designing strategies for metabolic engineering of bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Sijia Kong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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28
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Chen J, Zhang X, Drogui P, Tyagi RD. The pH-based fed-batch for lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus with crude glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:237-243. [PMID: 29567595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was found that the optimal pH for the growth of Trichosporon oleaginosus was related to the fermentation medium. A neutral or weak acid pH condition was optimal for the growth of Trichosporon oleaginosus in the extract-peptone-dextrose and wastewater sludge medium. Significant inhibition was observed at neutral pH in the wastewater sludge + crude glycerol medium due to the high soap content of the crude glycerol. By converting the soap to free fatty acid (FFA) at pH 5, the soap inhibition could be prevented. Fed-batch fermentation was employed to produce lipid from Trichosporon oleaginosus at pH 5 controlled by feeding crude glycerol. A remarkably high biomass (65.63 g/L) and lipid (35.79 g/L) concentration were achieved from the pH-based fed-batch fermentation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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29
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Athenaki M, Gardeli C, Diamantopoulou P, Tchakouteu S, Sarris D, Philippoussis A, Papanikolaou S. Lipids from yeasts and fungi: physiology, production and analytical considerations. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:336-367. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Athenaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - C. Gardeli
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - P. Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi; Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products; Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’; Lycovryssi Greece
| | - S.S. Tchakouteu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - D. Sarris
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - A. Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi; Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products; Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’; Lycovryssi Greece
| | - S. Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
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30
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Han M, Xu JZ, Liu ZM, Qian H, Zhang WG. Co-production of microbial oil and exopolysaccharide by the oleaginous yeastSporidiobolus pararoseusgrown in fed-batch culture. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3348-3356. [PMID: 35541180 PMCID: PMC9077544 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production cost of microbial oil was reduced by improving the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production to share the production cost using Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2. Batch fermentation demonstrated that S. pararoseus JD-2 has the potential to co-produce oil and EPS with 120 g L−1 glucose, 20 g L−1 corn steep liquor and 10 g L−1 yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. Using fed-batch fermentation for 72 h resulted in oil and EPS production of 41.6 ± 2.5 g L−1 and 13.1 ± 0.6 g L−1 with the productivity of 0.58 g L−1 h−1 and 0.182 g L−1 h−1, respectively. The fat soluble nutrients in the oil were studied, indicating that it was constituted of 79.19% unsaturated fatty acids and contained 505 mg per kg-oil of carotenoids. Moreover, the EPS contained only one type of polysaccharide; the main monosaccharide compositions were galactose, glucose and mannose in a proportion of 16 : 8 : 1. These results implied that EPS produced by S. pararoseus JD-2 was a new type of EPS. The production cost of microbial oil was reduced by improving the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production to share the production cost using Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
| | - Zhen-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology
- Technology Center Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200436
- China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi-214122
- China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
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31
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Bracharz F, Beukhout T, Mehlmer N, Brück T. Opportunities and challenges in the development of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a new cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29070039 PMCID: PMC5657120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509, previously known as Trichosporon oleaginosus, Cryptococcus curvatus, Apiotrichum curvatum or Candida curvata D is an oleaginous yeast with several favorable qualities: it is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipid and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis byproducts and genetic accessibility make it a promising cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. However, literature about this organism is of varying degree of quality. Moreover, due to numerous changes of the species name, reports are highly scattered and poorly cited. This led to a poor integration of the findings into a unified body of knowledge. Particularly, errors in strain name usage and consequently citation are found even in most recent literature. To simplify future work, this review provides an overview of published studies and main findings regarding the metabolic capacities of C. oleaginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Teun Beukhout
- Westerdijk Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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