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Song Q, Kong F, Liu BF, Song X, Ren HY. Biochar-based composites for removing chlorinated organic pollutants: Applications, mechanisms, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100420. [PMID: 38765891 PMCID: PMC11099330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic pollutants constitute a significant category of persistent organic pollutants due to their widespread presence in the environment, which is primarily attributed to the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities. These pollutants are characterized by their persistence, potent toxicity, and capability for long-range dispersion, emphasizing the importance of their eradication to mitigate environmental pollution. While conventional methods for removing chlorinated organic pollutants encompass advanced oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and bioremediation, the utilization of biochar has emerged as a prominent green and efficacious method in recent years. Here we review biochar's role in remediating typical chlorinated organics, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), triclosan (TCS), trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and chlorobenzenes (CBs). We focus on the impact of biochar material properties on the adsorption mechanisms of chlorinated organics. This review highlights the use of biochar as a sustainable and eco-friendly method for removing chlorinated organic pollutants, especially when combined with biological or chemical strategies. Biochar facilitates electron transfer efficiency between microorganisms, promoting the growth of dechlorinating bacteria and mitigating the toxicity of chlorinated organics through adsorption. Furthermore, biochar can activate processes such as advanced oxidation or nano zero-valent iron, generating free radicals to decompose chlorinated organic compounds. We observe a broader application of biochar and bioprocesses for treating chlorinated organic pollutants in soil, reducing environmental impacts. Conversely, for water-based pollutants, integrating biochar with chemical methods proved more effective, leading to superior purification results. This review contributes to the theoretical and practical application of biochar for removing environmental chlorinated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Ibitoye SE, Loha C, Mahamood RM, Jen TC, Alam M, Sarkar I, Das P, Akinlabi ET. An overview of biochar production techniques and application in iron and steel industries. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:65. [PMID: 38960979 PMCID: PMC11222365 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating innovation and environmental responsibility has become important in pursuing sustainable industrial practices in the contemporary world. These twin imperatives have stimulated research into developing methods that optimize industrial processes, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness while mitigating undesirable ecological impacts. This objective is exemplified by the emergence of biochar derived from the thermo-chemical transformation of biomass. This review examines biochar production methods and their potential applications across various aspects of the iron and steel industries (ISI). The technical, economic, and sustainable implications of integrating biochar into the ISI were explored. Slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization are the most efficient methods for higher biochar yield (25-90%). Biochar has several advantages- higher heating value (30-32 MJ/kg), more porosity (58.22%), and significantly larger surface area (113 m2/g) compared to coal and coke. However, the presence of biochar often reduces fluidity in a coal-biochar mixture. The findings highlighted that biochar production and implementation in ISI often come with higher costs, primarily due to the higher expense of substitute fuels compared to traditional fossil fuels. The economic viability and societal desirability of biochar are highly uncertain and vary significantly based on factors such as location, feedstock type, production scale, and biochar pricing, among others. Furthermore, biomass and biochar supply chain is another important factor which determines its large scale implementation. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities to reduce emissions from BF-BOF operations by utilizing biochar technologies. Overall, the present study explored integrating diverse biochar production methods into the ISI aiming to contribute to the ongoing research on sustainable manufacturing practices, underscoring their significance in shaping a more environmentally conscious future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun E Ibitoye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- School of Engineering, Woxsen University, Kamkole Village, Sadasivpet, Sangareddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India.
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
| | - Chanchal Loha
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rasheedat M Mahamood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Tien-Chien Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Meraj Alam
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Partha Das
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Esther T Akinlabi
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
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Chojnacki J, Kielar J, Najser J, Frantík J, Najser T, Mikeska M, Gaze B, Knutel B. Straw pyrolysis for use in electricity storage installations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30058. [PMID: 38707407 PMCID: PMC11066651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A concept has been proposed for an installation designed to store excess electricity periodically occurring on the grid. Excess electricity will be used for straw pyrolysis. The main pyrolysis product, gas, will be used to generate electricity using a combustion generator to feed back power into the grid during periods of shortage. The resulting biochar from the pyrolysis can be introduced into the soil to improve soil quality and play a significant role in carbon sequestration. The system uses an electrically heated reactor with a screw conveyor. To preliminarily assess the feasibility of this system, experiments were carried out using wheat straw at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C for the pyrolysis reactor. The resulting gas-to-feedstock mass ratio ranged from 29.04 % at 300 °C to 52.7 % at 700 °C reactor temperature, the biochar mass yield ratio to feedstock varied from 39.41 % to 27.36 % (at 700 °C), and the pyrolysis liquid ranged from 31.55 % to 27.36 % (at 700 °C). The pyrolytic liquid contained a high water content relative to its mass, reaching up to 95.2 % at 700 °C, rendering it less suitable as an energy feedstock. At a reactor temperature of 700 °C, the energy value of the gas produced from the feedstock was twice that of the electricity used for the pyrolysis process. These results suggest the feasibility and operation of the proposed installation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Chojnacki
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Jan Kielar
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Najser
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Frantík
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Najser
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Mikeska
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, ENET Centre, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Błażej Gaze
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Chełmońskiego 37a, Poland
| | - Bernard Knutel
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Chełmońskiego 37a, Poland
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Zhao J, Li X, Chen L, Liu W, Wang M. Scenario analysis of the eco-efficiency for municipal solid waste management: A case study of 211 cities in western China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170536. [PMID: 38309359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is vital for creating sustainable municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS). In this study, we constructed an MSWMS considering recycling and carried out GHG emission accounting for MSWMS in western China from 2012 to 2021 based on the IPCC mass balance (MB) method. Then, we modeled the emission reduction potentials and economic benefits under different scenarios for 211 prefectural and county-level cities. We formed an eco-efficiency analysis framework that can be used to explore the sustainable development mode. Results revealed that: (1) Emissions from the western region's municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal exhibit an inverted "U" pattern, increasing at an annual rate of about 1.3 % since 2012, peaking in 2019, and then decreasing at rates of 14.4 % and 10.6 %. (2) The GHG emissions show a spatial pattern of decreasing evolution from east to west and south to north, and the provincial-municipal level shows different trends. (3) The SB3 scenario (optimization of landfill gas power generation technology) was the most ecologically efficient in 43 % of the western cities, followed by SB4 (33 %) and SA3 (24 %). (4) The development of integrated urban domestic waste management strategies by the three-level scenarios derived from this study will help local governments achieve the goal of sustainable urban development. Clarifying the differences in GHG emissions and eco-efficiency among cities will help provide policy recommendations for regions with similar characteristics to explore technically applicable, economically affordable implementation paths for city management according to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Minxi Wang
- College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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Omar RA, Talreja N, Chuhan D, Ashfaq M. Waste-derived carbon nanostructures (WD-CNs): An innovative step toward waste to treasury. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118096. [PMID: 38171470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the growing population, the accumulation of waste materials (WMs) (industrial/household waste) in the environment incessantly increases, affecting human health. Additionally, it affects the climate and ecosystem of terrestrial and water habitats, thereby needing effective management technology to control environmental pollution. In this aspect, managing these WMs to develop products that mitigate the associated issues is necessary. Researchers continue to focus on WMs management by adopting a circular economy. These WMs convert into useful/value-added products such as polymers and nanomaterials (NMs), especially carbon nanomaterials (CNs). The conversion/transformation of waste material into useful products is one of the best solutions for managing waste. Waste-derived CNs (WD-CNs) have established boundless promises for numerous applications like environmental remediation, energy, catalysts, sensors, and biomedical applications. This review paper discusses the several sources of waste material (agricultural, plastic, industrial, biomass, and other) transforming into WD-CNs, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), biochar, graphene, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon dots, etc., are extensively elaborated and their application. The impact of metal doping within the WD-CNs is briefly discussed, along with their applicability to end applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Anand Omar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Neetu Talreja
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alliance University, Anekal, Bengaluru-562 106, Karnataka, India.
| | - Divya Chuhan
- Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, 1208-A, Pandit Deendayal Antyodaya Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Mohammad Ashfaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharaun, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Paritosh K, Kesharwani N. Biochar mediated high-rate anaerobic bioreactors: A critical review on high-strength wastewater treatment and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120348. [PMID: 38457889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of high-strength wastewater is critical for the aquatic environment and receiving water bodies around the globe. Untreated or partially treated high-strength wastewater may cause severe damage to the existing water bodies. Various high-rate anaerobic bioreactors have been developed in the last decades for treating high-strength wastewater. High-rate anaerobic bioreactors are effective in treating industrial wastewater and provide energy in the form of methane as well. However, the physical or chemical properties of high-strength industrial wastewater, sometimes, disrupt the functioning of a high-rate anaerobic bioreactor. For example, the disintegration of granular sludge in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor or membrane blocking in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor are the results of a high-strength wastewater treatment which hamper the proper functioning and may harm the wastewater treatment plant economically. Biochar, if added to these bioreactors, may help to alleviate the ill-functioning of high-rate anaerobic bioreactors. The primary mechanisms by biochar work in these bioreactors are direct interspecies electron transfer, microbial immobilization, or gene level alternations in microbial structure. The present article explores and reviews the recent application of biochar in a high-rate anaerobic bioreactor treating high-strength industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Paritosh
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Nupur Kesharwani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Phiri Z, Moja NT, Nkambule TT, de Kock LA. Utilization of biochar for remediation of heavy metals in aqueous environments: A review and bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25785. [PMID: 38375270 PMCID: PMC10875440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar usage for removing heavy metals from aqueous environments has emerged as a promising research area with significant environmental and economic benefits. Using the PICO approach, the research question aimed to explore using biochar to remove heavy metals from aqueous media. We merged the data from Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection databases to acquire a comprehensive perspective of the subject. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to establish the search parameters, identify the appropriate articles, and collect the bibliographic information from the publications between 2010 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis showed that biochar-based heavy metal remediation is a research field with increasing scholarly attention. The removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) was the most studied among the heavy metals. We identified five main clusters centered on adsorption, water treatment, adsorption models, analytical techniques, and hydrothermal carbonization by performing keyword co-occurrence analysis. Trending topics include biochar reusability, modification, acid mine drainage (AMD), wastewater treatment, and hydrochar. The reutilization of heavy metal-loaded spent biochar includes transforming it into electrodes for supercapacitors or stable catalyst materials. This study provides a comprehensive overview of biochar-based heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments and highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebron Phiri
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel T. Moja
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Thabo T.I. Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Lueta-Ann de Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
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Hossain A, Bhattacharjee M, Ghorai K, Llorca J, Vasundhara M, Roy S, Bera P, Seikh MM, Gayen A. High activity in the dry reforming of methane using a thermally switchable double perovskite and in situ generated molecular level nanocomposite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5447-5465. [PMID: 38275155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This work emphasizes the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction on citrate sol-gel-synthesized double perovskite oxides. Phase pure La2NiMnO6 shows very impressive DRM activity with H2/CO = 0.9, hence revealing a high prospect of next-generation catalysts. Although the starting double perovskite phase gets degraded into mostly binary oxide phases after a few hours of DRM activity, the activity continues up to 100 h. The regeneration of the original double perovskite out of decomposed phases by annealing at near synthesis temperature, followed by the spectacular retention of activity, is rather interesting and hitherto unreported. This result unravels unique reversible thermal switching between the original double perovskite phase and decomposed phases during DRM without compromising the activity and raises challenge to understand the role of decomposed phases evolved during DRM. We have addressed this unique feature of the catalyst via structure-property relationship using the in situ generated molecular level nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hossain
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Monotosh Bhattacharjee
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Kalyan Ghorai
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vasundhara
- Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sounak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Parthasarathi Bera
- Surface Engineering Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bengaluru 560017, India
| | - Md Motin Seikh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Arup Gayen
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Masud MAA, Shin WS, Sarker A, Septian A, Das K, Deepo DM, Iqbal MA, Islam ARMT, Malafaia G. A critical review of sustainable application of biochar for green remediation: Research uncertainty and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166813. [PMID: 37683867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from the pyrolysis of organic biomass, has gained significant attention as a potential solution for sustainable green remediation practices. Several studies analyze biomass-derived biochar techniques and environmental applications, but comprehensive assessments of biochar limitations, uncertainty, and future research directions still need to be improved. This critical review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of biochar's efficacy in environmental applications, including soil, water, and air, by sequentially addressing its preparation, application, and associated challenges. The review begins by delving into the diverse methods of biochar production, highlighting their influence on physical and chemical properties. This review explores the diverse applications of biochar in remediating contaminated soil, water, and air while emphasizing its sustainability and eco-friendly characteristics. The focus is on incorporating biochar as a remediation technique for pollutant removal, sequestration, and soil improvement. The review highlights the promising results obtained from laboratory-scale experiments, field trials, and case studies, showcasing the effectiveness of biochar in mitigating contaminants and restoring ecosystems. The environmental benefits and challenges of biochar production, characterization, and application techniques are critically discussed. The potential synergistic effects of combining biochar with other remediation methods are also explored to enhance its efficacy. A rigorous analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of biochar for diverse environmental applications in terms of technical, environmental, economic, and social issues is required to support the commercialization of biochar for large-scale uses. Finally, future research directions and recommendations are presented to facilitate the development and implementation of biochar-based, sustainable green remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Masud
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Sik Shin
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Residual Chemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ardie Septian
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN), Serpong 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Kallol Das
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deen Mohammad Deepo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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10
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Lyu P, Li L, Huang J, Ye J, Zhu C, Xie J, Wang Z, Kang M, Yan A. Enhancing sorption of layered double hydroxide-based magnetic biochar for arsenic and cadmium through optimized preparation protocols. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129756. [PMID: 37696337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of multiple preparation protocols on properties and performance of modified biochar remains unclear. This study prepared layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based magnetic biochars (LMBCs) with different LDH loading rates (LLR), pyrolysis temperatures, and biomass sources to explore their performance-characterization relationships toward As(III) and Cd(II). Higher LLR and pyrolysis temperature enhanced LMBCs᾿ adsorption capacities by increasing specific surface area (SSA) and metal/O-containing groups. Hence, LMBC produced at 2:1 LLR (LDH: magnetic biochar) and 800 ℃ pyrolysis exhibited maximum adsorption over 2 times that of LMBC with 0.5:1 LLR and 400 ℃ pyrolysis. Bamboo-sourced LMBC demonstrated superior adsorption than sewage sludge and garlic-sourced LMBCs due to its increased SSA, enabling a higher loading of nano-LDH. Adsorption of As(III) and Cd(II) onto LMBCs was governed by metal-mineral and metal-containing group through co-precipitation and complexation. This study provides a reference for adjusting the preparation protocols to improve sorption performance of modified biochar toward multiple heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lyu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lianfang Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jinli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinni Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Kang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ganie ZA, Khandelwal N, Choudhary A, Darbha GK. Clean water production from plastic and heavy metal contaminated waters using redox-sensitive iron nanoparticle-loaded biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116605. [PMID: 37437871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The unceasing release of tiny plastics (microplastics and nanoplastics) and their additives, like metal ions, into the aquatic systems from industries and other sources is a globally escalating problem. Their combined toxic effects and human health hazard are already proven; hence, their remediation is requisite. This study utilised the nano-zerovalent iron-loaded sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of Nanoplastics (NPs) of different functionality and size along with metal ions (Ni2+, Cd2+, AsO43-, and CrO42-). Batch and column experiments were conducted, and the results showed an efficient removal of contaminants with maximum sorption of carboxylate-modified NPs of size 500 nm (qmax = 90.3 mg/g) among all three NPs types. Significant removal was observed in Cd2+ in case of cations and CrO42- in case of anions with qmax = 44.0 and 87.8 mg/g, respectively. Kinetics and the isotherm modelling better fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips isotherm model, respectively for both NPs and metal ions. The designed material worked well in pH range of 4-8, ionic strength 1-20 mM and in complex aqueous matrices, with >90% removal. FTIR, zeta potential and the imaging analysis of the reaction precipitates confirmed the electrostatic attraction, pore retention and complexation as the potential mechanisms for removing NPs, whereas, XPS studies confirmed the reduction co-precipitation and surface complexation as the possible mechanism for removing metal ions. High values of attachment efficiency factor calculated from colloidal filtration theory (CFT) validated the experimental results and justified the high sorption of carboxylate modified 500 nm NPs particles. The synthesized material successfully removed both NPs of varying size and functionality and metal ions simultaneously with significant efficacy in complex environmental samples proving the broad applicability of material in realistic environmental conditions and different types of water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ahmad Ganie
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Aniket Choudhary
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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12
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Khan MH, Akash NM, Akter S, Rukh M, Nzediegwu C, Islam MS. A comprehensive review of coconut-based porous materials for wastewater treatment and CO 2 capture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117825. [PMID: 37031519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, water pollution has become a major threat to aquatic and non-aquatic species, including humans. Different treatment techniques have already been proposed and implemented depending on wastewater characteristics. But many of these treatment techniques are expensive and inefficient. Adsorption-based techniques have shown impressive performances as an inexpensive treatment method previously. Coconut-based resources have been considered as adsorbents for wastewater treatment because of their abundance, low cost, and favorable surface properties. However, over the last decade, no comprehensive study has been published regarding biochar from coconut-based materials for wastewater treatment and CO2 capture. This review discusses biochar production technology for coconut-based materials, its modification and characterization, its utilization as an adsorbent for removing metals and organics from wastewater, and the associated removal mechanisms and the economic aspects of coconut-based biochar. Coconut-based materials are cheap and effective for removing various organic compounds such as pesticides, hormones, phenol, and phenolic compounds from solutions and capturing CO2 from air mainly through the pore-filling mechanism. Utilizing coconut-based biochars in a hybrid system that combines adsorption and other techniques, such as biotechnology or chemical coagulation is a promising way to increase their performance as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Nasim Mahmud Akash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahe Rukh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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13
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Cho SH, Lee S, Kim Y, Song H, Lee J, Tsang YF, Chen WH, Park YK, Lee DJ, Jung S, Kwon EE. Applications of agricultural residue biochars to removal of toxic gases emitted from chemical plants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161655. [PMID: 36649775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are representative agricultural waste materials, massively generated in the world. However, a large fraction of them is currently being wasted, though they have a high potential to be used as a value-added carbon-rich material. Also, the applications of carbon-rich materials from agricultural waste to industries can have economic benefit because waste-derived carbon materials are considered inexpensive waste materials. In this review, valorization methods for crop residues as carbon-rich materials (i.e., biochars) and their applications to industrial toxic gas removals are discussed. Applications of crop residue biochars to toxic gas removal can have significant environmental benefits and economic feasibility. As such, this review discussed the technical advantages of the use of crop residue biochars as adsorbents for hazardous gaseous pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) stemmed from combustion of fossil fuels and the different refinery processes. Also, the practical benefits from the activation methods in line with the biochar properties were comprehensively discussed. The relationships between the physico-chemical properties of biochars and the removal mechanisms of gaseous pollutants (H2S, SO2, Hg0, and CO2) on biochars were also highlighted in this review study. Porosity controls using physical and chemical activations along with the addition of specific functional groups and metals on biochars have significantly contributed to the enhancement of flue gas adsorption. The adsorption capacity of biochar for each toxic chemical was in the range of 46-76 mg g-1 for H2S, 40-182 mg g-1 for SO2, 80-952 μg g-1 for Hg0, and 82-308 mg g-1 CO2, respectively. This helps to find suitable activation methods for adsorption of the target pollutants. In the last part, the benefits from the use of biochars and the research directions were prospectively provided to make crop residue biochars more practical materials in adsorption of pollutant gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heon Cho
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youkwan Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lee
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Environment, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chen Z, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Li W, Tang Z, Liu Y, Zhao L. Inorganic Skeleton Reinforcement-A Generic Approach to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Biochar. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1298. [PMID: 37110884 PMCID: PMC10145767 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a promising candidate for emerging sustainable energy systems and environmental technology applications. However, the improvement of mechanical properties remains challenges. Herein, we propose a generic strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of bio-based carbon materials through inorganic skeleton reinforcement. As a proof-of-concept, silane, geopolymer, and inorganic gel are selected as precursors. The composites' structures are characterized and an inorganic skeleton reinforcement mechanism is elucidated. Specifically, two types of reinforcement of the silicon-oxygen skeleton network formed in situ with biomass pyrolysis and the silica-oxy-al-oxy network are constructed to improve the mechanical properties. A significant improvement in mechanical strength was achieved for bio-based carbon materials. The compressive strength of well-balanced porous carbon materials modified by silane can reach up to 88.9 kPa, geopolymer-modified carbon material exhibits an enhanced compressive strength of 36.8 kPa, and that of inorganic-gel-polymer-modified carbon material is 124.6 kPa. Moreover, the prepared carbon materials with enhanced mechanical properties show excellent adsorption performance and high reusability for organic pollutant model compound methylene blue dye. This work demonstrates a promising and universal strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of biomass-derived porous carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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15
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Puglia M, Morselli N, Lumi M, Santunione G, Pedrazzi S, Allesina G. Assessment of hemp hurd-derived biochar produced through different thermochemical processes and evaluation of its potential use as soil amendment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14698. [PMID: 37025913 PMCID: PMC10070539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich and porous material that finds application in different sectors and can be extremely useful in agriculture as soil improver. This paper provides a comparison between biochars produced with different slow pyrolysis processes and biochar produced in a downdraft gasifier. A blend of residual lignocellulosic biomasses (hemp hurd and fir sawdust) was pelletized and used as starting feedstock for the tests. The biochars produced were analyzed and compared. Temperature proved to be the main driver in conditioning the chemical-physical characteristics of the biochars more than residence time or the configuration of the pyrolysis process. The higher the temperature, the higher the carbon and ash content and the biochar pH and the lower the hydrogen content and the char yield. The most noticeable differences between pyrolysis and gasification biochars were the pH and the surface area (considerably higher for gasification char) and the low content of hydrogen in the gasification biochar. Two germinability tests were carried out to assess the possible application of the various biochars as soil amendment. In the first germinability test, watercress seeds were placed in direct contact with the biochar, while in the second they were placed on a blend of soil (90%v/v) and biochar (10%v/v). The biochars with the best performance were those produced at higher temperatures using a purging gas and the gasification biochar (especially mixed with soil).
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16
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Zhao C, Xu Q, Gu Y, Nie X, Shan R. Review of Advances in the Utilization of Biochar-Derived Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8190-8200. [PMID: 36910936 PMCID: PMC9996642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, obtained from the thermal decomposition of different biomass sources, can be used in various scientific technologies by virtue of its distinguishing performance. Recent developments in advanced biochar synthesis methods have led to continuous growth in the literature related to bulk biochar products and synthesized biochar substrates. This review specifically summarizes the current advanced methods for the synthesis of functional biochar catalysts and applications in (trans)esterification. Herein, first the method and design of synthesized biochar substrate catalysts are briefly introduced. Second, the applications of these synthesized biochar substrate catalysts upon (trans)esterification are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current research status and the future perspectives of the synthesized biochar substrate catalyst are presented. It is expected that this summary will provide perspectives and instructions for future work on synthesized biochar catalysts for biodiesel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhao
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qinyao Xu
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xingjin Nie
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Rui Shan
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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17
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Liu J, Zhang W, Jin H, Li Z, Liu G, Xing F, Tang L. Exploring the carbon capture and sequestration performance of biochar-artificial aggregate using a new method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160423. [PMID: 36427720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the ambitious goal of carbon neutrality, more carbon sequestration channels need to be developed. In this study, we tried to combine biochar with cold-bonded artificial lightweight coarse aggregate (ALCA) which is made from municipal solid household waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA).The strong carbon capture ability of biochar was used to attract external CO2 into the interior of ALCAs, which combined with CaO in MSWIBA to form CaCO3 to achieve the effect of chemical carbon sequestration. The total carbon sequestration and carbon sequestration rate of biochar-ALCAs were quantified by a self-designed CO2 concentration change test box, the physical and mechanical properties of biochar-ALCAs were investigated, as well as the changes before and after carbonization. The results showed that biochar and ALCAs had good synergistic carbon sequestration ability. The total carbon sequestration of biochar-ALCAs could reach 30.58-33.06 kg/ton. The carbon sequestration efficiency could reach 70.2 % and 84.9 % at 28 d/56 d in a low CO2 concentration environment (0.05 % VOL). In addition, the water absorption of biochar-ALCAs decreased by 4.3 %-13.9 %, the apparent density increased by 0.9 %-2.8 %, and the strength increased by 4.3 %-7.0 % after carbon sequestration, and the physical and mechanical properties were significantly improved. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the synergistic carbon sequestration of biochar in combination with ALCAs and to quantitatively assess its ability to solidify low concentrations of CO2 in the natural environment. A new test apparatus and test method were designed for this purpose. This paper may contribute for an important advance on the preparation of recyclable cement-type composites able to capture and solidify CO2 from the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Weizhuo Zhang
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hesong Jin
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Guang Liu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Feng Xing
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Kumar M, Ambika S, Hassani A, Nidheesh PV. Waste to catalyst: Role of agricultural waste in water and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159762. [PMID: 36306836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Presently, owing to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization activities, a huge quantity of wastewater is generated that contain toxic chemical and heavy metals, imposing higher environmental jeopardies and affecting the life of living well-being and the economy of the counties, if not treated appropriately. Subsequently, the advancement in sustainable cost-effective wastewater treatment technology has attracted more attention from policymakers, legislators, and scientific communities. Therefore, the current review intends to highlight the recent development and applications of biochars and/or green nanoparticles (NPs) produced from agricultural waste via green routes in removing the refractory pollutants from water and wastewater. This review also highlights the contemporary application and mechanism of biochar-supported advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Although, the fabrication and application of agriculture waste-derived biochar and NPs are considered a greener approach, nevertheless, before scaling up production and application, its toxicological and life-cycle challenges must be taken into account. Furthermore, future efforts should be carried out towards process engineering to enhance the performance of green catalysts to improve the economy of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Selvaraj Ambika
- Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Faculty and Program Coordinator, E-Waste Resources Engineering and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Liu T, Cui K, Li CX, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yuan X, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang Q. Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by biochar-based nanohybrids for the degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in aquatic environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137084. [PMID: 36334754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have been of wide concern due to their ecological toxicity, persistence, and ubiquity in aquatic environments. Peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) have shown great potential for eliminating PPCPs due to their superior oxidation ability and adaptability. Biochar-based nanohybrids have been employed as emerging catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Until now, few researchers have summarized PMS activation by biochar-based catalysts for PPCPs removal. In this review, the types, sources, fates, and ecological toxicities of PPCPs were first summarized. Furthermore, various preparation and modification methods of biochar-based catalysts were systematically introduced. Importantly, the application of activating PMS with biochar-based multifunctional nanocomposites for eliminating PPCPs was reviewed. The influencing factors, such as catalysts dosage, PMS dosage, solution pH, temperature, anions, natural organic matters (NOMs), and pollutants concentration were broadly discussed. Biochar-based catalysts can act as electron donors, electron acceptors, and electron shuttles to activate PMS for the removal of PPCPs through radical pathways or/and non-radical pathways. The degradation mechanisms of PPCPs are correlated with persistent free radicals (PFRs), metal species, defective sites, graphitized degree, functional groups, electronic attributes, and the hybridization modes of biochar-based catalysts. Finally, the current problems and further research directions on the industrial application of biochar-based nanocomposites were proposed. This study provides some enlightenment for the efficient removal of PPCPs with biochar-based catalysts in PMS-AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Chen-Xuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Xinrui Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Anhui Zhonghuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Anhui Environmental Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China
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20
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Chuayboon S, Abanades S. Continuous solar-driven gasification of oil palm agricultural bio waste for high-quality syngas production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 154:303-311. [PMID: 36308797 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Empty fruit bunch (EFB) from oil palm is a solid agricultural bio-waste obtained from the edible oil process. Continuous solar-driven gasification of EFB offers a bright carbon-neutral avenue to convert both EFB bio-waste and renewable solar energy into sustainable and clean syngas. High-temperature concentrated solar heat is used to provide the reaction enthalpy, and therefore biomass waste feedstock is entirely dedicated to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas). Solar energy is stored as a high-quality syngas and can be easily transported as a convertible and dispatchable chemical form. In this study, the performance of continuous steam gasification of EFB, fully powered by concentrated solar heat, was experimentally investigated in a solar gasification reactor. Experiments were carried out with continuous EFB biomass injection to evaluate the influence of temperature (1100-1300 °C) and biomass feeding rate (0.5-1.8 g/min). As a result, syngas yields and reactor performance were substantially enhanced by rising the EFB feeding rate and gasification temperature. An optimal EFB biomass feeding rate enabling maximum gasification performance was found to be 1.4 g/min at 1300 °C and 1.0 g/min at 1200 °C. Carbon conversion approaching 97%, energy upgrade factor of 1.38, and solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency up to 20% were demonstrated. Finally, the maximum syngas yield was found to be 81.1 mmol/gdry biomass at 1300 °C (with H2 and CO as the main constituents), closely approaching the maximum theoretical expected value reached at thermodynamic equilibrium (85.2 mmol/gdry biomass). Combining concentrated solar energy and biomass waste gasification was shown to be a promising and sustainable pathway toward waste valorization into carbon-neutral solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirat Chuayboon
- Processes, Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Stéphane Abanades
- Processes, Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu, France.
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21
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Bijoy G, Rajeev R, Benny L, Jose S, Varghese A. Enzyme immobilization on biomass-derived carbon materials as a sustainable approach towards environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135759. [PMID: 35870606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with their environment-friendly nature and versatility have become highly important 'green tools' with a wide range of applications. Enzyme immobilization has further increased the utility and efficiency of these enzymes by improving their stability, reusability, and recyclability. Biomass-derived matrices when used for enzyme immobilization offer a sustainable solution to environmental pollution and fuel depletion at low costs. Biochar and other biomass-derived carbon materials obtained are suitable for the immobilization of enzymes through different immobilization strategies. Environmental pollution has become an utmost topic of research interest due to an ever-increasing trend being observed in anthropogenic activities. This has widely contributed to the release of various toxic effluents into the environment in their native or metabolized forms. Therefore, more focus is being directed toward the utilization of immobilized enzymes in the bioremediation of water and soil, biofuel production, and other environmental applications. In this review, up-to-date literature concerning the immobilization and potential uses of enzymes immobilized on biomass-derived carbon materials has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Bijoy
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Rijo Rajeev
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Libina Benny
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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22
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Huang X, Lyu P, Li L, Xie J, Zhu C. Effect of three aging processes on physicochemical and As(V) adsorption properties of Ce/Mn-modified biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113839. [PMID: 35841967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modified biochar used for soil remediation is affected by exposure to the environment and aging process results in changes in its physicochemical properties and As(V) adsorption and immobilization in soil. Herein, the Ce/Mn-modified wheat straw-biochar (MBC) was manufactured and then aged through three artificial aging processes by exposure to soil with additional natural, freeze-thaw, and dry-wet cycles involved. It revealed that the specific surface areas of freeze-thaw-aged MBC reached 214.98 m2/g and was increased more than those of other two aging treatments. In addition, the pH values and C contents of MBC all decreased after aging while the H and O contents increased. Correspondingly, the contents of O-containing functional groups like C-O, -OH, and CO all increased by >16% with aging. The freeze-thaw cycling and alternating dry-wet aging treatments improved adsorption capacities of As(V) onto MBC and were increased by 16.2 and 10.6% at pH 5, respectively and these samples exhibited the best recyclability and adsorption selectivity for As(V). However, natural aging exerted a lower effect for As(V) adsorption by MBC due to its few changes on physicochemical properties. Causally, the freeze-thaw and dry-wet aging activated the Ce/Mn-oxides to generate Mn2+/3+ species and a new mono-Ce that exerted a strong bonding complexation with As(V) to form Ce/Mn-O-As ligands and increased CeAsO4 precipitation. Our results offer a new insight into the alterations expected for modified biochars with aging treatment in terms of As(V) adsorption for its long-term utilization in As contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lianfang Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinni Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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23
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Tan S, Narayanan M, Thu Huong DT, Ito N, Unpaprom Y, Pugazhendhi A, Lan Chi NT, Liu J. A perspective on the interaction between biochar and soil microbes: A way to regain soil eminence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113832. [PMID: 35810814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil ecosystem imparts a fundamental role in the growth and survival of the living creatures. The interaction between living and non-living constituents of the environment is important for the regulation of life in the ecosystem. Biochar is a carbon rich product present in the soil that is responsible for various applications in diversified fields. In this review, we focused on the collaboration between the soil, biochar and microbial community present in the soil and consequences of it in the ecosystem. Herein, it primarily discusses on the different approaches of the production and characterization of biochar. Furthermore, this review also discusses about the optimistic interaction of biochar with soil microbes and their role in plant growth. Eventually, it reveals the various physio-chemical properties of biochar, including its specific surface area, porous nature, ion exchange capacity, and pH, which aid in the modification of the soil environment. Furthermore, it elaborately discloses the impact of the biochar addition in the soil focusing mainly on its interaction with microbial communities such as bacteria and fungi. The physicochemical properties of biochar significantly interact with microbes and improve the beneficial microbes growth and increase soil nutrients, which resulting reasonable plant growth. The main focus remains on the role of biochar-soil microbiota in remediation of pollutants, soil amendment and inhibition of pathogenicity among plants by promoting resistance potential. It highlights the fact that adding biochar to soil modulates the soil microbial community by increasing soil fertility, paving the way for its use in farming, and pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Tan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinh Thi Thu Huong
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nobutaka Ito
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuwalee Unpaprom
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Junang Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Kumar A, Singh E, Mishra R, Lo SL, Kumar S. A green approach towards sorption of CO 2 on waste derived biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113954. [PMID: 35917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture technologies have advanced in recent years to meet the ever-increasing quest to minimize excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The most promising option for CO2 control has been identified as carbon capture and storage. Among the numerous sorbents, char generated from biomass thermal conversion has shown to be an efficient CO2 adsorbent. This study examines various characteristics that can be used to increase the yield of biochar suited for carbon sequestration. This review gives recent research progress in the area, stressing the variations and consequences of various preparation processes on textural features such as surface area, pore size and sorption performance with respect to CO2's sorption capacity. The adjoining gaps discovered in this field have also been highlighted herewith, which will serve as future work possibility. It aims to analyse and describe the possibilities and potential of employing pristine and modified biochar as a medium of CO2 capture. It also examines the parameters that influence biochar's CO2 adsorption ability and pertinent challenges regarding the production of biochar-based CO2 sorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Ekta Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Rahul Mishra
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS. Biochar derived carbonaceous material for various environmental applications: Systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113857. [PMID: 35835170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the solid material produced from the carbonization of organic feedstock biomass. This material has several unique characteristics such as greater carbon content, good electrical conductivity, high stability and large surface area, which can be applied in several research areas such as generation of power and wastewater treatment. In connection with this, recently, the investigations on biochar significantly focus on the removal of toxic heavy metals since the biochar material is easily available and environmentally friendly. According to an environmental analytical device, biochar-derived carbonaceous material has been additionally applied to the synthesis of an effective, sensitive, and low-cost electrochemical sensor. Biochar with an assessment of electrochemical properties has engaged with different redox reactions in water. In this survey, electrochemical ways of behaving of biochar in light of the electrochemical structures were analytically compiled as well as the impact from biomass sources and manufacturing process including carbonization strategies, pre-treatment/changed techniques. This review emphasizes the various synthesis methods of biochar form organic feedstock, properties and different modulations of biochar for the bioremediation of heavy metals. This review study emphasizes the utilization of biochar as sensing platform and supercapacitor for electrode fabrication in electrochemical biosensor to enhance the remediation of toxic contaminants from water streams and by switching the less ecological traditional materials. Brief information on the techniques employed for packaging biochar as carbon electrode is summarized. Scope in the aspect of environmental concern of biochar, future challenges and prospects are proposed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India.
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26
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Marzeddu S, Décima MA, Camilli L, Bracciale MP, Genova V, Paglia L, Marra F, Damizia M, Stoller M, Chiavola A, Boni MR. Physical-Chemical Characterization of Different Carbon-Based Sorbents for Environmental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207162. [PMID: 36295233 PMCID: PMC9607634 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been used in various applications, e.g., as a soil conditioner and in remediation of contaminated water, wastewater, and gaseous emissions. In the latter application, biochar was shown to be a suitable alternative to activated carbon, providing high treatment efficiency. Since biochar is a by-product of waste pyrolysis, its use allows for compliance with circular economics. Thus, this research aims to obtain a detailed characterization of three carbonaceous materials: an activated carbon (CARBOSORB NC 1240®) and two biochars (RE-CHAR® and AMBIOTON®). In particular, the objective of this work is to compare the properties of three carbonaceous materials to evaluate whether the application of the two biochars is the same as that of activated carbon. The characterization included, among others, particle size distribution, elemental analysis, pH, scanning electron microscope, pore volume, specific surface area, and ionic exchange capacity. The results showed that CARBOSORB NC 1240® presented a higher specific surface (1126.64 m2/g) than AMBIOTON® (256.23 m2/g) and RE-CHAR® (280.25 m2/g). Both biochar and activated carbon belong to the category of mesoporous media, showing a pore size between 2 and 50 nm (20-500 Å). Moreover, the chemical composition analysis shows similar C, H, and N composition in the three carbonaceous materials while a higher O composition in RE-CHAR® (9.9%) than in CARBOSORB NC 1240 ® (2.67%) and AMBIOTON® (1.10%). Differences in physical and chemical properties are determined by the feedstock and pyrolysis or gasification temperature. The results obtained allowed to compare the selected materials among each other and with other carbonaceous adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-44585514
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Camilli
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bracciale
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilio Genova
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Paglia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marra
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Damizia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Stoller
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Agostina Chiavola
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Kumari S, Kumari S, Singh A, Pandit PP, Sankhla MS, Singh T, Singh GP, Lodha P, Awasthi G, Awasthi KK. Employing algal biomass for fabrication of biofuels subsequent to phytoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:941-955. [PMID: 36222270 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An alga belongs to the multi-pertinent group which can add to a significant sector of environment. They show a prevailing gathering of microorganisms for bioremediation due to their significant capacity to inactivate toxic heavy metals. It can easily absorb or neutralize the toxicity of heavy metals from water and soil through phytoremediation. Biosorption is a promising innovation that focuses on novel, modest, and exceptionally successful materials to apply in phytoremediation technology. Furthermore, algal biomass can be used for biofuel generation after phytoremediation using thermochemical or biological transformation processes. The algal components get affected by heavy metals during phytoremediation, but with the help of different techniques, these are yield efficient. The extreme lipid and mineral substances of microalgae have been proven helpful for biofuel manufacturing and worth extra products. Biofuels produced are bio-oil, biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, etc. The reuse capability of algae can be utilized toward ecological manageability and economic facility. In this review article, the reuse and recycling of algal biomass for biofuel production have been represented. This novel technique has numerous benefits and produces eco-friendly and economically beneficial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Kumari
- Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Apoorva Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Pritam P Pandit
- Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Tanvi Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Payal Lodha
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Garima Awasthi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Kumud Kant Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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Li K, Niu X, Zhang D, Guo H, Zhu X, Yin H, Lin Z, Fu M. Renewable biochar derived from mixed sewage sludge and pine sawdust for carbon dioxide capture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119399. [PMID: 35525511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. In this study, a series of KOH-modified biochars derived from feedstock mixtures (i.e., S3W7 biomass consisting of 70% pine sawdust and 30% sewage sludge; S5W5 biomass consisting of 50% pine sawdust and 50% sewage sludge) at different temperature (i.e., 600-800 °C) were prepared for evaluating CO2 adsorption performance. The KOH-activated biochars prepared with S3W7 biomass displayed larger surface areas and micropore volumes compared to those of S5W5 biochars. In particular, the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (177.1 mg/g) was observed on S3W7 biomass at 700 °C (S3W7-700K), due to the largest surface area (2623 m2/g) and the highest micropore volume (0.68 cm3/g). Furthermore, surface functional groups, hydrophobicity, and aromaticity of biochar and presence of hetero atoms (N) also were actively involved in CO2 adsorption of biochar. In addition, in situ DRIFTS analysis advanced current understanding for the chemical sorption mechanisms by identifying the transformation composites of CO2 on biochars, and characterizing the weakly adsorbed and newly formed mineral species (e.g., carbonates) during the CO2 sorption process. This study may provide an insight into the research of CO2 capture by identifying physical and chemical adsorption, and expand the effective utilization of natural biomass-based biochar for mitigation greenhouse gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
| | - Huafang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xifen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Combined Effect of Biochar and Fertilizers on Andean Highland Soils before and after Cropping. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of works present biochar as a promising material for improving the quality of degraded soils, only a few show the effect of this material in soils from the Andean highlands. The objective of this work was twofold: (a) to study the effect of two types of biochars on two agricultural soils commonly found in the Andean highlands (Andisol and Inceptisol) and the corresponding soil–biochar–fertilizer interactions, and, (b) to assess the response to biochar of two vegetable crops (lettuce and radish) grown in succession in a simulated double-cropping system. Biochar was produced at 400 °C and 500 °C, for 1 h (B400 and B500, respectively), using hardwood residues. Properties of biochar that could potentially affect its interaction with soil and water (e.g., functional groups, surface area, elemental composition) were assessed. Experiments were conducted to test for main and interaction effects of biochar type, soil type, and the addition of NPK fertilizer on the soils’ characteristics. Bulk density and water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point were affected by two-way interactions between biochar and soil type. Biochar impacted bulk density and water retention capacity of soils. Higher available water content was found in soils amended with B400 than with B500, which is a consequence of the higher hydrophilicity of B400 compared to B500. After the lettuce crop was planted and harvested, the soil pH was unaffected by the biochar addition. However, after the second crop, the pH in the Inceptisol slightly decreased, whereas the opposite was detected in the Andisol. The CEC of the Inceptisol decreased (e.g., from 36.62 to 34.04 and from 41.16 to 39.11 in the control and in the Inceptisol amended with B400 only) and the CEC of the Andisol increased (e.g., from 74.25 to 90.41 in the control and from 79.61 to 90.80 in the Andisol amended with B400 only). Inceptisol amended only with biochar showed decrease of radish weight, while a large increase was found in B400 + fertilizer Inceptisol (i.e., from 22.9 g to 40.4 g). In Andisol, the weight of radish after the second crop increased in less proportion (i.e., from 43 g in the control to 59.7 g in the B400 + fertilizer Andisol), showing a visible positive impact of B400. The results suggest that biochar produced at 400 °C performs better than biochar produced at 500 °C because B400 apparently promotes a better environment for bacteria growth in the soils, as a consequence of more OH available groups in B400 and its better interaction with water and the fertilizer.
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Jung S, Kim JH, Tsang YF, Song H, Kwon EE. Valorizing plastic toy wastes to flammable gases through CO 2-mediated pyrolysis with a Co-based catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128850. [PMID: 35405610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toys are discarded due to their short life cycle. Unfortunately, development of sustainable disposal platform for toy has not gained particular concern. To establish a reliable disposal platform, this study employed a pyrolysis platform to valorize plastics into value-added fuels. To confer more environmentally resilient process, CO2 was used as a feedstock to enhance the process efficiency from a perspective of the yield of flammable gases. To this end, waste toy brick (WTB) was used as a model compound. The exact types of plastics (polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate) in WTB were experimentally determined. In pyrolysis of WTB, the complicated mixture of benzene derivatives was inevitably generated. To detoxify them by means of syngas (H2/CO) production, catalytic pyrolysis was performed. Co catalyst effectively induced chemical bond scissions, leading to substantially enhanced H2 formation. Also, the gas phase reactions (GPRs) between CO2 and volatile compounds over Co catalyst expedited the production rate of CO, and such CO enhancement effectively offered a chance to mitigate toxic chemical generations. The synergistic contribution of CO2 and Co catalyst enhanced syngas formation more than 25 times in reference to pyrolysis of WTB without Co catalyst. The GPRs also greatly prevented catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyup Jung
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hun Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Awasthi SK, Sarsaiya S, Kumar V, Chaturvedi P, Sindhu R, Binod P, Zhang Z, Pandey A, Awasthi MK. Processing of municipal solid waste resources for a circular economy in China: An overview. FUEL 2022; 317:123478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Cavali M, Libardi Junior N, Mohedano RDA, Belli Filho P, da Costa RHR, de Castilhos Junior AB. Biochar and hydrochar in the context of anaerobic digestion for a circular approach: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153614. [PMID: 35124030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and hydrochar are carbonaceous materials with valuable applications. They can be synthesized from a wide range of organic wastes, including digestate. Digestate is the byproduct of anaerobic digestion (AD), which is performed for bioenergy (biogas) production from organic residues. Through a thermochemical process, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization - HTC, digestate can be converted into biochar or hydrochar. The addition of either biochar or hydrochar in AD has been reported to improve biochemical reactions and microbial growth, increasing the buffer capacity, and facilitating direct interspecies electrons transfer (DIET), resulting in higher methane (CH4) yields. Both biochar and hydrochar can adsorb undesired compounds present in biogas, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and even siloxanes. However, an integrated understanding of biochar and hydrochar produced from digestate through their return to the AD process, as additives or as adsorbents for biogas purification, is yet to be attained to close the material flow loop in a circular economy model. Therefore, this overview aimed at addressing the integration of biochar and hydrochar production from digestate, their utilization as additives and effects on AD, and their potential to adsorb biogas contaminants. This integration is supported by life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, showing positive results when combining AD and the aforementioned thermochemical processes, although more LCA is still necessary. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) studies of the processes considered are also presented, and despite an expanding market of biochar and hydrochar, further TEA is required to verify the profitability of the proposed integration, given the specificities of each process design. Overall, the synthesis of biochar and hydrochar from digestate can contribute to improving the AD process, establishing a cyclic process that is in agreement with the circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida Mohedano
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Belli Filho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Tengku Yasim-Anuar TA, Yee-Foong LN, Lawal AA, Ahmad Farid MA, Mohd Yusuf MZ, Hassan MA, Ariffin H. Emerging application of biochar as a renewable and superior filler in polymer composites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13938-13949. [PMID: 35558839 PMCID: PMC9092426 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01897g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is conventionally and widely used for soil amendment or as an adsorbent for water treatment. Nevertheless, the need for transition to renewable materials has resulted in an expansion of biochar for use as a filler for polymer composites. The aim is to enhance the physical, chemical, mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer composite. The reinforcement of biochar into a polymer matrix however is still new, and limited reports are focusing on the effects of biochar towards polymer composite properties. Hence, this review highlights the unique properties of biochar and its effect on the crystallization, thermal, flammability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of polymer composites. This review does not solely summarize recent studies on biochar–polymer-based composites, but also offers insights into a new direction of biochar as a renewable and superior polymer filler in the future. Biochar is a low-cost carbon material with excellent thermal characteristics. Despite having remarkably similar properties to graphene and carbon nanotubes, it is rarely used as a polymer filler.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Nextgreen Pulp & Paper Sdn. Bhd., Green Technology Park Paloh Inai 26600 Pekan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Lawrence Ng Yee-Foong
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Abdullahi Lawal
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusuf
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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Lim EY, Lee JTE, Zhang L, Tian H, Ong KC, Tio ZK, Zhang J, Tong YW. Abrogating the inhibitory effects of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in overloaded food waste anaerobic digesters via the supplementation of nano-zero valent iron modified biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152968. [PMID: 35016943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different recovery strategies on inhibited anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) was examined in this study, with the finding that dosing pine woodchip biochar could reverse the effect of volatile fatty acids (VFA) inhibition (mainly propionic acid) and yielded 105.55% more methane than the control. The addition of nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI) promoted the generation of VFA while causing a slight inhibition of the methanogens initially. In due time, the nZVI digester was able to recover and eventually produced 192.22% more methane compared to the control. Finally, nZVI-modified biochar was proved to be able to avoid the inhibitory effects brought about by the nanoparticles. The results indicated reduced dosage requirements as compared to using pristine pine woodchip biochar and accumulated 204.84% more methane than the control. The introduction of nZVI-biochar also promoted the growth of Methanosarcina species methanogens, which can perform direct-interspecies electron transfer. While all the recovery strategies using the additives were feasible, the results suggested that the use of modified biochar holds great potential as a significantly lower amount of amendment is required for the recovery of the inhibited AD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Yang Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, S117576, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Tian En Lee
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Le Zhang
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hailin Tian
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Kok Chung Ong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, S117576, Singapore
| | - Zhi Kai Tio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, S117576, Singapore
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, S117576, Singapore; NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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Li J, Li L, Suvarna M, Pan L, Tabatabaei M, Ok YS, Wang X. Wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar: A critical review with future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152921. [PMID: 35007594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing rise in the global population coupled with rapid urbanization demands considerable consumption of fossil fuel, food, and water. This in turn leads to energy depletion, greenhouse gas emissions and wet wastes generation (including food waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge). Conversion of the wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar is a promising approach to mitigate wastes, emissions and energy depletion, and simultaneously promotes sustainability and circular economy. In this study, various conversion technologies for transformation of wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar, including anaerobic digestion, gasification, incineration, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, slow and fast pyrolysis, are comprehensively reviewed. The technological challenges impeding the widespread adoption of these wet waste conversion technologies are critically examined. Eventually, the study presents insightful recommendations for the technological advancements and wider acceptance of these processes by establishing a hierarchy of factors dictating their performance. These include: i) life-cycle assessment of these conversion technologies with the consideration of reactor design and catalyst utilization from lab to plant level; ii) process intensification by integrating one or more of the wet waste conversion technologies for improved performance and sustainability; and iii) emerging machine learning modeling is a promising strategy to aid the product characterization and optimization of system design for the specific to the bioenergy or biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Lanyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Manu Suvarna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Lanjia Pan
- Xiamen Municipal Environment Technology Co.,Ltd, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Extension, And Education Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Gustavo Adolfo GF, Wolf-Anno B, Martin R, Christina S. Co-composting of biochar and nitrogen-poor organic residues: Nitrogen losses and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 143:84-94. [PMID: 35240450 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting recycles nutrients and biodegrades organic pollutants, but often results in N leaching. Biochar can enhance the composting process and reduce N losses. Research, however, has focused on composting N-rich residues; also, information on the fate of biochar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during composting is scarce. We explored the composting of biochar with N-poor organic residues as a strategy to reduce N losses and biochar PAHs. A small-scale composting experiment was performed with three treatments: 100% yard residues and two mixtures of 85% yard residues and 15% gasification- or pyrolysis-derived biochar. Temperatures were recorded daily during composting and Nlosses and changes in PAHs loads were calculated. Results across all treatments showed overall low N losses, likely caused by low temperatures and N contents, circumneutral pH values, and absence of leachate, and simultaneous immobilization and mineralization of PAH contents. Treatments with biochar showed a slower release of inorganic N (NO3--N and NH4+-N), although they also had overall lower inorganic N contents. This slower release of inorganic N may relate to biochar's high surface area. We conclude that biochar provides valuable benefits for N-poor composting, and that composting should be further explored as a promising strategy to reduce the contents of PAHs in biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gutiérrez-Fernández Gustavo Adolfo
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Ricker Martin
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Siebe Christina
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Gao N, Du W, Zhang M, Ling G, Zhang P. Chitosan-modified biochar: Preparation, modifications, mechanisms and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:31-49. [PMID: 35390400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chitosan-modified biochar composite, as a carbohydrate polymer, has received increasing attention and becomes a research hotspot. It is a promising impurity adsorption material, which has potential application value in the agricultural environment fields such as soil improvement and sewage purification. The composite can combine the advantages of biochar with chitosan, and the resulting composite usually exhibits a great improvement in its surface functional groups, adsorption sites, stability, and adsorption properties. In addition, compared to other adsorbents, the composite truly achieves the concept of "waste control by waste". In this paper, the preparation method, composite classification, adsorption mechanism, and models of biochar modified by chitosan are introduced, meanwhile, we also review and summarize their effects on the decontamination of wastewater and soil. In addition to common heavy metal ions, we also review the adsorption and removal of some other organic/inorganic pollutants, including (1) drug residues; (2) dyes; (3) phosphates; (4) radionuclides; (5) perfluorochemicals, etc. Moreover, challenges and prospects for the composite are presented and further studies are called for the chitosan-biochar composite. We believe that the composite will lead to further achievements in the field of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenzhen Du
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Manyue Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Yin Q, Lyu P, Wang G, Wang B, Li Y, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Li L, Deng N. Phosphorus-modified biochar cross-linked Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide stabilizer reduced U and Pb uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in uranium contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113363. [PMID: 35248924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The decommissioning of uranium tailings (UMT) is usually accompanied by uranium (U) contamination in soil, which poses a serious threat to human health and ecological security. Therefore, the remediation of uranium pollution in soil is imminent from ecological and environmental points of view. In recent years, the use of biochar stabilizers to repair uranium tailings (UMT) soil has become a research hotspot. In this study, a novel phosphorus-modified bamboo biochar (PBC) cross-linked Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide composite (PBC@LDH) was prepared. The hyperaccumulator plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was selected as the test plant for outdoor pot experiments, and the stabilizers were added to the UMT soil at the dosage ratio of 15 g kg-1, which verified the bioconcentrate and translocate of U and associated heavy metal Pb in the UMT soil by Indian mustard after stabilizer remediated. The results shown that, after 50 days of growth, compared with the untreated sample (CK), the Indian mustard in PBC@LDH treatment possessed a better growth and its biomass weight of whole plant was increased by 52.7%. Meanwhile, the bioconcentration factors (BF) of U and Pb for PBC@LDH treatment were significantly decreased by 73.4% and 34.2%, respectively; and the translocation factors (TF) were also commendable reduced by 15.1% and 2.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the Tessier available forms of U and Pb in rhizosphere soil showed a remarkably decrease compared with CK, which reached by 55.97% and 14.1% after PBC@LDH stabilization, respectively. Complexation, precipitation, and reduction of functional groups released by PBC@LDH with U and Pb described the immobilization mechanisms of biochar stabilizer preventing U and Pb enrichment in Indian mustard. As well as, the formation of U-containing vesicles was prevented by the precipitation of -OH functional groups with free U and Pb ions around the cell tissue fluids and vascular bundle structure of plant roots, thereby reducing the migration risk of toxic heavy metals to above-ground parts. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that the PBC@LDH stabilizer offers a potentially effective amendment for the remediation of U contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Yin
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhongkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yadan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Lianfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nansheng Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079, China
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Guo J, Ahmad M, Yang H, Su X, Huang F, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J. Hierarchically porous tobacco midrib-based biochar prepared by a simple dual-templating approach for highly efficient Rhodamine B removal. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Management of a Mediterranean Forage/Cereal-Based Cropping System: An Ecosystem Service Multisectoral Analysis in the Perspective of Climate Change. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Within Mediterranean cropping systems, legume forage crops that last up to 6 years or more (e.g., alfalfa) are replaced with cereal crops (e.g., wheat). The change from forage to cereal crops has negative climate and environmental impacts that must be addressed with mitigation actions. This study evaluated the synergies and tradeoffs between the ecosystem services provided by three management systems after forage legume. A field trial was set up from October 2017 to September 2019 on a 6-year-old alfalfa field subjected to the following management systems: (i) alfalfa termination followed by wheat for 2 years (WW, control); (ii) alfalfa termination followed by single amendment with 60 Mg ha−1 recalcitrant biochar and then by wheat for 2 years (WWB60); and (iii) extension of alfalfa for 2 years (AEXT). A range of regulating, supporting, and provisioning ecosystem services were assessed during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. The results highlight that WWB60 can guarantee carbon sequestration without causing tradeoffs with other services, while AEXT can enhance soil conservation while not increasing soil greenhouse gas emissions. Future policies should support the WWB60 system if the goal is to increase the supporting services. Conversely, the AEXT system should be used if the goal is to increase the regulating and provisioning services.
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Othmani A, Magdouli S, Senthil Kumar P, Kapoor A, Chellam PV, Gökkuş Ö. Agricultural waste materials for adsorptive removal of phenols, chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) from wastewater: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111916. [PMID: 34428450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Management of basic natural resources and the spent industrial and domestic streams to provide a sustainable safe environment for healthy living is a magnum challenge to scientists and environmentalists. The present remedial approach to the wastewater focuses on recovering pure water for reuse and converting the contaminants into a solid matrix for permanent land disposal. However, the ground water aquifers, over a long period slowly leach the contaminants consequently polluting the ground water. Synthetic adsorbents, mainly consisting of polymeric resins, chelating agents, etc. are efficient and have high specificity, but ultimate disposal is a challenge as most of these materials are non-biodegradable. In this context, it is felt appropriate to review the utility of adsorbents based on natural green materials such as agricultural waste and restricted to few model contaminants: phenols, and heavy metals chromium(VI), and cadmium(II) in view of the vast amount of literature available. The article discusses the features of the agricultural waste material-based adsorbents including the mechanism. It is inferred that agricultural waste materials are some of the common renewable sources available across the globe and can be used as sustainable adsorbents. A discussion on challenges for industrial scale implementation and integration with advanced technologies like magnetic-based approaches and nanotechnology to improve the removal efficiency is included for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sara Magdouli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Qc, Canada; Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 433 Boulevard du Collège, J9X0E1, Canada
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | | | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Erciyes University, Engineering Faculty Environmental Engineering Department, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Matuštík J, Pohořelý M, Kočí V. Is application of biochar to soil really carbon negative? The effect of methodological decisions in Life Cycle Assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151058. [PMID: 34678366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the proposed solutions for improving soil conditions and mitigating climate change, two of the urgent environmental issues of today, is application of biochar to soil. This carbonaceous material made from a large variety of biomass feedstocks, by several different processes, and at various conditions is envisaged to remain stable in soil for centuries and thus effectively keep carbon out of the atmosphere. Nevertheless, a careful analysis of the entire system of biochar production and application is necessary, before such solutions are applied at a large scale, to avoid creating an even bigger environmental problem. One well-established method to do so is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This method has already been applied by many authors to assess biochar-to-soil projects, and based on this literature it appears that biochar application indeed contributes to climate change mitigation. However, even with such a standardized and widely used method like LCA, there are vast methodological differences between the LCA studies. Furthermore, whether the climate impact of biogenic carbon should be considered is an unresolved issue common to all assessments of biomass-utilizing projects. The effects of those and other methodological issues are investigated in the case study of the gasifier in Zlatá Olešnice. The results show that whether a project of biochar application to soil is deemed environmentally beneficial largely depends both on the context of the project as well as the methodological decisions, especially regarding biogenic carbon. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that biochar production from waste feedstock in most cases leads to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Matuštík
- Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kočí
- Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Metal-Supported Biochar Catalysts for Sustainable Biorefinery, Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage Applications: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BCH) is a carbon-based bio-material produced from thermochemical conversion of biomass. Several activation or functionalization methods are usually used to improve physicochemical and functional properties of BCHs. In the context of green and sustainable future development, activated and functionalized biochars with abundant surface functional groups and large surface area can act as effective catalysts or catalyst supports for chemical transformation of a range of bioproducts in biorefineries. Above the well-known BCH applications, their use as adsorbents to remove pollutants are the mostly discussed, although their potential as catalysts or catalyst supports for advanced (electro)catalytic processes has not been comprehensively explored. In this review, the production/activation/functionalization of metal-supported biochar (M-BCH) are scrutinized, giving special emphasis to the metal-functionalized biochar-based (electro)catalysts as promising catalysts for bioenergy and bioproducts production. Their performance in the fields of biorefinery processes, and energy storage and conversion as electrode materials for oxygen and hydrogen evolutions, oxygen reduction, and supercapacitors, are also reviewed and discussed.
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Bentley MJ, Kearns JP, Murphy BM, Summers RS. Pre-pyrolysis metal and base addition catalyzes pore development and improves organic micropollutant adsorption to pine biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131949. [PMID: 34426297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochars were produced from pine feedstock pretreated with aqueous base, NaOH, at pH 9 and 11, and alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) Na, K, Ca, and Mg at 10-3 and 1 M. The effects of base and AAEM feedstock pretreatment on biochar surface area, pore size distribution, and adsorption capacity of two organic micropollutants (OMPs), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and sulfamethoxazole, from surface water with background dissolved organic matter (DOM) were evaluated. Base pretreatment significantly increased surface area within micropores (<2 nm diameter). AAEM pretreatment caused pore widening, increasing surface area within pores >2 nm in diameter. The catalytic activity of AAEMs, assessed by generation of non-micropore surface area, decreased in the following order: Ca > K > Na > Mg. All pretreated biochars outperformed untreated biochar for OMP adsorption. Biochar pretreated by aqueous base at pH 11 showed over an order of magnitude increase in OMP adsorption, nearly matching the performance of commercial activated carbon. OMP adsorption from surface water was positively correlated with biochar micropore surface area and negatively correlated with non-micropore surface area, which was linked to higher levels of DOM competition. Base and AAEM pretreatment of biochar feedstocks can increase OMP adsorption for water treatment applications by tuning pore structure and surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bentley
- University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering, 4001 Discovery Drive - 607 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Joshua P Kearns
- Aqueous Solutions, 1935 Pike Rd, Moravian Falls, NC, 28654, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Murphy
- Carollo Engineers, 390 Interlocken Crescent, Suite 800, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA.
| | - R Scott Summers
- University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering, 4001 Discovery Drive - 607 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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Cui X, Wang J, Wang X, Khan MB, Lu M, Khan KY, Song Y, He Z, Yang X, Yan B, Chen G. Biochar from constructed wetland biomass waste: A review of its potential and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132259. [PMID: 34543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of wetland plant biomass need to be properly harvested and utilized. Recently, wetland plant derived biochar has drawn extensive attention owing to its application potential. This paper provides an updated review on the production and characteristics of wetland plant derived biochar, and its utilization in soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and energy production. In comparison to hydrothermal carbonization and gasification, pyrolysis is a more common technique to convert wetland plant to biochar. Characteristics of wetland plant biochars varied with plant species, growth environment of plant, and preparation conditions. Wetland plant biochar could be a qualified soil amendment owing to its abundant nutrients. Notably, wetland plant biochar exhibited considerable sorption capacity for various inorganic and organic contaminants. However, the potentially toxic substances (e.g. heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) retained in wetland plant biochar should be noticed before large-scale application. To overcome the drawbacks from the scattered distribution, limited productivity, and seasonal operation of constructed wetlands, the economic feasibility of wetland plant biochar production system could be improved via using mobile pyrolysis unit, utilizing local waste heat, and exploiting all the byproducts. Future challenges in the production and application of wetland plant derived biochar include the continuous supply of feedstock and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
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Llovet A, Mattana S, Chin-Pampillo J, Gascó G, Sánchez S, Mondini C, Briones MJI, Márquez L, Alcañiz JM, Ribas A, Domene X. Long-term effects of gasification biochar application on soil functions in a Mediterranean agroecosystem: Higher addition rates sequester more carbon but pose a risk to soil faunal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149580. [PMID: 34411789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar applications can have important implications for many of the soil functions upon which agroecosystems rely, particularly regarding organic carbon storage. This study evaluated the impacts of adding a highly aromatic gasification biochar at different rates (0, 12 and 50 t ha-1) to a barley crop on the provision of crucial soil functions (carbon sequestration, water content, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient cycling, soil food web functioning, and food production). After natural ageing in the field for six years, a wide range of soil properties representative of the studied soil functions were measured and integrated into a soil quality index. Results showed that C sequestration increased with biochar rate (23 and 68% higher than in the control for the 12 and 50 t biochar ha-1 treatments, respectively). Water content was enhanced at the 50 t ha-1 treatment depending on the sampling date. Despite biochar additions neither abating nor increasing CO2 equivalent emissions (carbon dioxide plus nitrous oxide and methane), the system shifted from being a methane sink (-0.017 ± 0.01 mg CH4-C m-2 h-1 at the 12 t ha-1 treatment), to a net source (0.025 ± 0.02 mg CH4-C m-2 h-1 at the 50 t ha-1 treatment). In addition, biochar ageing provoked a loss of nitrate mitigation potential, and indeed ammonium production was stimulated at the 50 t ha-1 rate. The 50 t ha-1 treatment also adversely affected nematode and collembolan functional diversity. Lastly, biochar did not affect barley yield. The results of the soil quality index indicated that no biochar treatment provided more benefits to our agricultural soil, and, although the 50 t ha-1 treatment increased C sequestration, this was potentially offset by its harmful effects on soil faunal communities. Therefore, application of this biochar at high rates should be avoided to prevent risks to soil biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Llovet
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain.
| | - Stefania Mattana
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium
| | - Juan Chin-Pampillo
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Gascó
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología, Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Mondini
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Trieste 23, 34170 Gorizia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Márquez
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Alcañiz
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Angela Ribas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Domene
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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Kaikiti K, Stylianou M, Agapiou A. Development of food-origin biochars for the adsorption of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for environmental matrices. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125881. [PMID: 34555751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Four novel fruit-derived biochars were developed: pomegranate peels (PB), prickly pear peels (PPB), carob (CB), and locust bean gum (LBGB). The feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 350 and 550 ℃ (under N2), respectively, and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis (EA), Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (B.E.T) analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A systematic and comprehensive comparison for the adsorption of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by biochar was established. Cresol, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), hexane, and benzene were examined as a function of contact time (30-480 min), mass (0.1-1 g), concentration levels (50-1000 ppbv), efficiency, and reusability, using the headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method. PB 550 ℃ revealed a specific surface area of 8.3 m2 g-1, the fastest complete removal, an ideal mass of 1 g, 3-times reuse, and ∼ 99% removal of 500 ppbv benzene, cresol, DMTS, and 100 ppbv hexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Kaikiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O.Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marinos Stylianou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O.Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O.Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Ben Salem I, El Gamal M, Sharma M, Hameedi S, Howari FM. Utilization of the UAE date palm leaf biochar in carbon dioxide capture and sequestration processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113644. [PMID: 34474257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the potential use of date palm leaf biochar as a climate change solution through CO2 capture and sequestration. The pyrolysis of date palm leaf was performed at different temperatures 300°, 400°, 500°, and 600 °C. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized biochar were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Direct gas-solid interaction was carried out in an integrated Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR), connected with a gas analyzer for maximum and effective mixing between the biochar and CO2. LabView program was used as data acquisition for an instantaneous calculation of CO2 adsorption. This study showed that the date palm biochar as porous carbon-based materials has high CO2 adsorption capacity through physisorption and chemisorption progressions. The adsorption results showed a maximum CO2 capture percentage of 0.09 kg CO2/kg, 0.15 kg CO2/kg, 0.20 kg CO2/kg, and 0.25 kg CO2/kg palm biochar synthesized at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. This paper paid attention to the inexpensive technology applied in CO2 sequestration, where fluidization provides well mixing of biochar particles with low operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Salem
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maisa El Gamal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manish Sharma
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Suhaib Hameedi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fares M Howari
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Damayanti D, Wulandari LA, Bagaskoro A, Rianjanu A, Wu HS. Possibility Routes for Textile Recycling Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3834. [PMID: 34771390 PMCID: PMC8588244 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fashion industry contributes to a significant environmental issue due to the increasing production and needs of the industry. The proactive efforts toward developing a more sustainable process via textile recycling has become the preferable solution. This urgent and important need to develop cheap and efficient recycling methods for textile waste has led to the research community's development of various recycling methods. The textile waste recycling process can be categorized into chemical and mechanical recycling methods. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art regarding different types of textile recycling technologies along with their current challenges and limitations. The critical parameters determining recycling performance are summarized and discussed and focus on the current challenges in mechanical and chemical recycling (pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal, ammonolysis, and glycolysis). Textile waste has been demonstrated to be re-spun into yarn (re-woven or knitted) by spinning carded yarn and mixed shoddy through mechanical recycling. On the other hand, it is difficult to recycle some textiles by means of enzymatic hydrolysis; high product yield has been shown under mild temperatures. Furthermore, the emergence of existing technology such as the internet of things (IoT) being implemented to enable efficient textile waste sorting and identification is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an outlook as to upcoming technological developments that will contribute to facilitating the circular economy, allowing for a more sustainable textile recycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damayanti Damayanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (L.A.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Latasya Adelia Wulandari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (L.A.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Adhanto Bagaskoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia; (L.A.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Aditya Rianjanu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia;
| | - Ho-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
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El-Naggar A, Chang SX, Cai Y, Lee YH, Wang J, Wang SL, Ryu C, Rinklebe J, Sik Ok Y. Mechanistic insights into the (im)mobilization of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in a multi-contaminated soil treated with different biochars. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106638. [PMID: 34030072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect and mechanistic evidence of biochar on the (im)mobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in multi-contaminated soils, with respect to the role of surface-functional groups and organic/inorganic compounds of biochar, are poorly understood. Herein, biochars produced from grass residues, rice straw, and wood were applied to a mining-soil contaminated with As, Cd, Pb, and Zn for 473-d. Biochars did not reduce the mobilization of Cd and Zn, whereas they simultaneously exhibited disparate effects on As and Pb mobilization. The phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on the wood biochar's surfaces promoted the conversion of Pb2+ into PbCO3/Pb(OH)2 and/or PbO, minimally by the rice and grass biochars. Rice and grass biochars led to the dissolution of scorodite and the formation of less stable forms of Fe-oxide-bound As (i.e., goethite and ferrihydrite); furthermore, it resulted in the reduction of As(V) to As(III). The PTEs mobilization and phytoavailability was mainly governed by the release of dissolved aliphatic- and aromatic-carbon, chloride, sulfur chemistry, phosphate competition, and the electrostatic repulsion in biochar-treated soils. In conclusion, pristine-biochar has a limited impact on the remediation of multi-contaminated soils, and the use of modified-biochar, possessing higher surface areas and functionality and active exchange sites, are preferred under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Naggar
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Young Han Lee
- Division of Environmental Agriculture Research, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju 52773, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Shan-Li Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Changkook Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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