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Liu H, Zeng W, Wu L, Meng Q, Zhang J, Peng Y. Integrated process of Tetrasphaera-dominated in-situ waste activated sludge fermentation, biological phosphorus removal and endogenous denitrification in single reactor for treatment of wastewater with limited carbon sources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131392. [PMID: 39216700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
An integrated process of sludge in-situ fermentation, biological phosphorus removal and endogenous denitrification (ISFPR-ED) was developed to treat low ratio of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) wastewater and waste activated sludge (WAS) in a single reactor. Nutrient removal and WAS reduction were achieved due to Tetrasphaera-dominated sludge fermentation provided organic carbon in extending the anaerobic duration. The WAS reduction efficiency, effluent orthophosphate (PO43--P) and total inorganic nitrogen reached 28.1 %, less than 0.4 and 7.2 mg/L, respectively. While organic carbon was reduced by 67 %. Tetrasphaera, conventional polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) stored glycogen, amino acids, and PHA for nutrient removal. Excess energy from fermentation enhanced anaerobic PO43--P uptake by Tetrasphaera. Tetrasphaera was the dominant PO43--P removal and fermentation bacteria, working synergistically with conventional PAOs and fermenting microorganisms. This integrated process improves nutrient removal efficiency and reduces operating costs for carbon addition and WAS disposal in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Lei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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2
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Wang X, Han J, Zeng M, Chen Y, Jiang F, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Total ammonia nitrogen inhibits medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis by disrupting hydrolysis, acidification, chain elongation, substrate transmembrane transport and ATP synthesis processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 409:131236. [PMID: 39122132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis to comprehensively illustrate how ammonia stress influenced medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) biosynthesis. MCFA synthesis was inhibited at total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations above 1000 mg N/L. TAN stress hindered organic hydrolysis, acidification, and volatile fatty acids elongation. Chain-elongating bacteria (e.g., Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Caproiciproducens) abundance remained unchanged, but their activity decreased, partially due to the increased reactive oxygen species. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed reduced activity of enzymes critical for MCFA production under TAN stress. Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway rather than reverse β-oxidation pathway primarily contributed to MCFA production, and was inhibited under TAN stress. Functional populations likely survived TAN stress through osmoprotectant generation and potassium uptake regulation to maintain osmotic pressure, with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase potentially compensating for ATP loss. This study enhances understanding of MCFA biosynthesis under TAN stress, aiding MCFA production system stability and efficiency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Han
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Zeng
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Wang Z, Li L, Gao H, Jiang J, Zhao Q, Li X, Mei W, Gao Q, Zhou H, Wang K, Wei L. Simultaneously enhancement of methane production and active phosphorus transformation by sludge-based biochar during high solids anaerobic co-digestion of dewatered sludge and food waste: Performance and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130987. [PMID: 38885724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has been proved to improve methane production in high solids anaerobic co-digestion (HS-AcoD) of dewatered sludge (DS) and food waste (FW), but its potential mechanism for simultaneous methane production and phosphorus (P) transformation has not been sufficiently revealed. Results showed that the optimal preparation temperature and dosage of sludge-based biochar were selected as 300 °C and 0.075 g·g-1, respectively. Under this optimized condition, the methane production of the semi-continuous reactor increased by 54%, and the active phosphorus increased by 18%. The functional microorganisms, such as Methanosarcina, hydrogen-producing, sulfate-reducing, and iron-reducing bacteria, were increased. Metabolic pathways associated with sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, especially hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, were enhanced, which in turn promoted methanogenesis and phosphorus transformation and release. This study provides theoretical support for simultaneously recovery of carbon and phosphorus resources from DS and FW using biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongyuan Gao
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinwen Li
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wangyang Mei
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Jiang T, Li X, Yang J, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang L, Wang B. Potential of free nitrous acid (FNA) for sludge treatment and resource recovery from waste activated sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121170. [PMID: 38749134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The escalating production of waste activated sludge (WAS) presents significant challenges to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Free nitrous acid (FNA), known for its biocidal effect, has gained a growing focus on sludge dewatering, sludge reduction, and resource recovery from WAS due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective properties. Nevertheless, there have been no attempts made to systematically summarize or critically analyze the application of FNA in enhancing treatment and resource utilization of sludge. In this paper, we provided an overview of the current understanding regarding the application potential and influencing factors of FNA in sludge treatment, with a specific focus on enhancing sludge dewatering efficiency and reducing volume. To foster resource development from sludge, various techniques based on FNA have recently been proposed, which were comprehensively reviewed with the corresponding mechanisms meticulously discussed. The results showed that the chemical oxidation and interaction with microorganisms of FNA played the core role in improving resource utilization. Furthermore, current challenges and future prospects of the FNA-based applications were outlined. It is expected that this review can refine the theoretical framework of FNA-based processes, providing a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the large-scale demonstration of FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Wang L, Hao X, Jiang T, Li X, Yang J, Wang B. Feasibility of in-situ sludge fermentation coupled with partial denitrification: Key roles of initial organic matters and alkaline pH. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130730. [PMID: 38657825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Achieving partial denitrification (PD) by using fermentation products extracted from waste activated sludge (WAS) rather than commercial organic matters is a promising approach for providing nitrite for anammox, while sludge reduction could also be realized by WAS reutilization. This study proposed an In-situ Sludge Fermentation coupled with Partial Denitrification (ISFPD) system and explored its performance under different conditions, including initial pH, nitrate concentrations, and organic matters. Results showed that nitrite production increased with the elevation of initial pH (from 6 to 9), and the highest nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) reached 77% at initial pH 9. The PD rates and NTR were observed to be minimally influenced by initial nitrate concentrations. Acetate was preferred by denitrifying bacteria, while macromolecules such as proteins necessitated be hydrolyzed to be suitable for further utilization. The insights gained through this study paved the way for efficient nitrite production and sustainable WAS reutilization in harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiang Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Yang L, Chen K, Chen L, Zhai S, Li Z, Zhu H. Separation of nutrients from SCFAs with a dynamic membrane in a sludge anaerobic fermenter. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141824. [PMID: 38548082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and high cost to separate and recover short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ammonium ions, and phosphates in the sludge fermentation liquid hinder the application of sludge anaerobic fermentation. In this study, an interesting phenomenon was found in a sludge anaerobic fermenter with a dynamic membrane (DM) which could not only enhance SCFAs production but also retain most SCFAs in fermenter. The separation factor of DM for NH3-N/SCFAs and PO43-/SCFAs throughout the DM development were about 40 and 80, respectively. Analysis reveals that rejection of SCFAs by DM could not be simply correlated to molecular weight or membrane pore size. The rejection mechanisms might be dominated by Donnan rejection. In addition, biodegradation in the DM may also have contribution. Findings of this study suggest the potential of DM as an economical technology for nutrients and SCFAs recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shixin Zhai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Pang H, Wang Y, Xu Y, He J, Wang L. Innovative cation exchange-driven carbon migration and recovery patterns in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130168. [PMID: 38072075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous treatments have been developed to enhance anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge, the innovative cation exchange (CE) approach has been rarely reported, little attempt was conducted to revealcarbon source fate. The interphase carbon balance was illustrated to clarify endogenous carbon dissolution, biotransformation,and recovery patterns. By CE-mediated divalent cation removal, almost 34.72 % of particulate carbon sources were dissolved in 2-day treatment, corresponding to soluble carbon content of 1165.58 mg C/L. Most of the originally dissolved carbon sources (58.01-66.81 %) were bio-transformed to volatile fatty acids with high bioavailability, while the further transformation to biogas was inhibited, contributing to recoverable carbon source accumulation. Overall, 21.38 % of total solid carbon sources were recovered through 8-day fermentation, the carbon extraction was implemented by solid-liquid separation with carbon loss of 14.21-22.91 %, manifesting the valid carbon recovery of 85.05-87.96 mg C/g VSS. Such CE-driven carbon recovery provided negentropy benefits in sustainable cycle economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Pang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Mannina G, Mineo A. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from fermentation of domestic sewage sludge monitoring greenhouse gas emissions: A pilot plant case study at the WRRF of Palermo University (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119423. [PMID: 37871545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from sewage sludge. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were monitored for the first time to assess the impact of climate change and environmental sustainability. The pilot plant was composed of a fermenter with a membrane and two biological reactors (namely, selection and accumulation). Results showed that despite a low organic loading rate (namely, 0.06 kg BOD kg SS-1 day-1), a good PHA yield was obtained (namely, 0.37 g PHA/g volatile fatty acids), confirming that sewage sludge can be a suitable feedstock. GHG emissions were 3.85E-04 g CO2eq/g and 32.40 g CO2eq/g, direct and indirect, respectively. Results provided valuable insights in view of finding a trade-off between PHA production and GHG emissions to prove the PHA production process as an effective solution for biosolids disposal at a low carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Mineo
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Li L, Liao Q, Liu C, Zhang T, Liu C, Chen Z, Gao R, He Q. Enhanced biological wastewater treatment supplemented with anaerobic fermentation liquid of primary sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119086. [PMID: 37801945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater treatment performance in an inverted A2/O reactor supplemented with fermentation liquid of primary sludge was explored comparing to commercial carbon sources sodium acetate and glucose. Similar COD removal rate was observed with the effluent COD stably reaching the discharge standard for those 3 carbon sources. However, the fermentation liquid distributed more carbon source in the anaerobic zone. Fermentation liquid and sodium acetate tests achieved better nitrogen removal rate than glucose test. The fermentation liquid test showed the best biological phosphorus removal performance with the effluent phosphorus barely reaching the discharge standard. The microbial community characterization revealed that the fermentation liquid test was dominated by phylum Proteobacter in all the anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic zones. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) (i.e., genera Dechloromonas and unclassified_f__Rhodocyclaceae) were selectively enriched with high abundances (over 20%), which resulted in improved phosphorus removal efficiency. Moreover, the predicted abundances of enzymes involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal were also enhanced by the fermentation liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Qiqi Liao
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Tanglong Zhang
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Ossiansson E, Bengtsson S, Persson F, Cimbritz M, Gustavsson DJI. Primary filtration of municipal wastewater with sludge fermentation - Impacts on biological nutrient removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166483. [PMID: 37611717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary filtration is a compact pre-treatment process for municipal wastewater, which can lead to high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) if polymer is added prior to filtration. Extensive carbon removal with rotating belt filter (RBF) can be combined with filter primary sludge fermentation at ambient temperature, in order to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon source for biological nutrient removal (BNR). This process was implemented at large pilot-scale and operated for more than a year. The results showed that the RBF efficiently removed particles >10 μm, and that the TSS removal had a strong linear correlation to the influent TSS concentration. Fermentation of the sludge at ambient temperature and five days retention time and addition of the fermentate to the wastewater could nearly double the VFA concentration in the wastewater by adding 31 ± 9 mg VFA-COD/L. Meanwhile, an increase of 2 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen, and 0.7 mg /L of phosphate phosphorus would be added to the wastewater with the fermentate. Adding the fermented sludge to the wastewater stream and removing the particles with RBF makes it possible to utilize nearly all the produced VFAs for BNR, and the feasibility of this configuration was shown at pilot-scale. According to simulations of subsequent BNR, the pre-treatment would lead to lower effluent total nitrogen concentrations. Alternatively, the required BNR volume could be reduced by 11-18 %. The estimated total biogas production was similar for pre-treatment with primary settler and RBF with fermentation. RBF without fermentation gave the most favourable energy balance, but did not reach the same low effluent value for total nitrogen as RBF with fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ossiansson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Simon Bengtsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Lund University, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Sun H, Zhang X, Cui M, Liu G, Liu H, Huang S, Ghasimi DSM, Liu H. Separation of nutrients and acetate from sewage sludge fermentation liquid in flow-electrode capacitive deionization system: Competitive mechanisms of ions and influence of activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129864. [PMID: 37839646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective separation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia (NH4+-N) and reactive phosphorous (RP) generated from anaerobic fermentation liquid is critically important for efficient resource recovery. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is proven to be capable of efficient removal of ions, environmentally friendly and cost-effective in operation. The performances of FCDI system in the separation of NH4+-N, RP, and acetate and mechanism of pHs and activated carbon on their performances were investigated. Results showed that a pH of 5.0 promoted the removal of NH4+-N (53.1 %) and RP (39.5 %), and 72.0 % of acetate was retained in the solution, which revealed that removal of NH4+-N and RP, and retention of acetate were evidently affected by speciation of ions. Furthermore, the recovery of NH4+-N and RP was undermined by the adsorption of ions on activated carbon. This study provides a novel insight of ion selective mechanism during the operation of the FCDI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Minhua Cui
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Shengjie Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dara S M Ghasimi
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 66833, Saudi Arabia
| | - He Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China.
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12
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Pang H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Xu D, Liu J, Lu J. Endogenous biopolymer hydrolysis for enhancing short-chain fatty acids recovery from excess sludge: Combination of lysozyme-catalyzing and cation exchange resin-mediated metal regulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140102. [PMID: 37683954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In decades, anaerobic fermentation with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) recovery from excess sludge have attained rising attention. However, rigid particulate organic matter (POMs) structure with slow hydrolysis limited anaerobic fermentation performance of excess sludge. Remarkable sludge hydrolysis performance was supposed to be achievable by the synchronous EPS repture and microbial cell lysis. This study clarified the improvement of overall anaerobic fermentation performance by combination treatment of lysozyme (Lyso) catalysis and metal regulation (MR). The Lyso + MR treatment triggered EPS rupture by protein structure deflocculation while catalyzing microbial cell lysis, which promoted massive extracellular and intracellular POMs hydrolysis. As a result, a significant amount of SCOD (5646.67 mg/L) was produced. Such endogenous organic matters hydrolysis led to considerable SCFAs accumulation (3651.14 mg COD/L) through 48-h anaerobic fermentation at 1.75 g/g SS cation-exchange resin and Lyso dosage of 10% (w/w), which was 5.945 times higher than that in the control. Additionally, it suggested that most of the recovered SCFAs remained in fermentative liquid after chemical conditioning and mechanical dewatering towards solid-liquid separation, which provided considerable economic benefit of 363.6-1059.1 CNY/ton SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jinxuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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13
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Liu F, Cheng W, Xu J, Wang M, Wan T, Ren J, Li D, Xie Q. Promoting short-chain fatty acids production from sewage sludge via acidogenic fermentation: Optimized operation factors and iron-based persulfate activation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140148. [PMID: 37714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and ensuring the stability of SCFAs-producing process are becoming the two major issues for popularizing the acidogenic fermentation (AF). The key controlling operating and influencing factors during anaerobic fermentation process were thoroughly reviewed to facilitate better process performance prediction and to optimize the process control of SCFAs promotion. The wide utilization of iron salt flocculants during wastewater treatment could result in iron accumulating in sewage sludge which influenced AF performance. Additionally, appropriate ferric chloride (FC) could promote the SCFAs accumulation, while poly ferric sulfate (PFS) inhibited the bioprocess. Iron/persulfate (PS) system was proved to effectively enhance the SCFAs production while mechanism analysis revealed that the strong oxidizing radicals remarkably enhanced the solubilization and hydrolysis. Moreover, the changes of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH caused by iron/PS system exhibited more negative effects on the methanogens, comparing to the acidogenic bacteria. Furthermore, performance and mechanisms of different iron species-activating PS, organic chelating agents and iron-rich biochar derived from sewage sludge were also elucidated to extend and strengthen understanding of the iron/PS system for enhancing SCFAs production. Considering the large amount of generated Fe-sludge and the multiple benefits of iron activating PS system, carbon neutral wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were proposed with Fe-sludge as a promising recycling composite to improve AF performance. It is expected that this review can deepen the knowledge of optimizing AF process and improving the iron/PS system for enhancing SCFAs production and provide useful insights to researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China.
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Tian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Jiehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
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14
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Gong X, Hou F, Pang H, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang L, Peng Y. Robust and high-efficient nitrogen removal from real sewage and waste activated sludge (WAS) reduction in zero-external carbon PN/A combined with in-situ fermentation-denitrification process under decreased temperatures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118761. [PMID: 37683380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of the combined anammox and fermentation-driven denitrification process in nitrogen removal and energy consumption, stable performance at decreased temperatures remains a challenge. In this study, a robust and high-efficient nitrogen removal efficiency (95.0-93.1 ∼ 86.8-93.4%) with desirable effluent quality (3.0-4.1 ∼ 7.9-4.9 mg/L) under long-term decreased temperatures (30 °C→25 °C→20 °C) was achieved in a zero-external carbon Partial Nitritation/Anammox combined with in-situ sludge Fermentation-Denitrification process treating sewage. Excellent sludge reduction averaged at 14.9% assuming no microbial growth. Increased hzsB mRNA (2.2-fold) and reduced Ea (80.9 kJ/mol) proved resilient anammox to lower temperature. RT-qPCR tests revealed increased NarG/NirK (5.1) and NarG/NirS (4.9) mRNA at 20 °C, suggesting higher NO3-→NO2- over NO2-→N2 pathway. Metagenomics unraveled dominant anammox bacteria (Candidatus_Brocadia, 2.27%), increased denitritation bacteria containing more NarG (Hyphomicrobium, 0.8%), fatty acid biosynthesis and CAZymes genes. Enhanced denitritation with recovered organics from sludge reserved nitrite for anammox and facilitated higher anammox contribution to N removal at 20 °C (42.4%) than 30 °C (39.5%). This study proposed an innovative low-temperature strategy for in-situ sludge fermentation, and demonstrated stability of advanced municipal wastewater treatment and sludge disposal through energy savings and carbon recovery under decreased temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Feng Hou
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Pang
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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15
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Li RH, Huang J, Liu CX, Yu K, Guo F, Li Y, Chen ZH, Wang X, Zhao RX, Zhang JY, Liang JJ, Li Y, Lin L, Sun L, Li XY, Li B. Genome-centric metagenomics provides new insights into metabolic pathways of polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis and functional microorganisms subsisting on municipal organic wastes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120512. [PMID: 37633209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community of a sequencing batch reactor operated under feast and famine conditions for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was characterized through high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. The fermented food waste and chemically-enhanced primary sludge was fed in this bioreactor. After acclimation, the PHA yield achieved as high as 0.60-0.69 g CODPHA/g CODS. The complete changes of microbial community structure were found during shifts of feedstock. A synthesis of SCL/MCL-PHAs pathway was established for PHA-producing bioreactor in this mixed-culture system. The structure-performance relationship of PHA-producing microbial community and feedstock composition was investigated. The results showed that microbial community tends to be decentralized and prefer team work for PHA synthesis to consume the multiple substrates and digest inevitable non-VFA contents in fermented liquor. This study also discovered unreported potential PHA producers (e.g., genera Tabrizicola, Nannocystis, Ga0077539, Ga0077559, JOSHI-001, SNC69-320 and UBA2334) subsisting on municipal organic wastes and expands the current knowledge about mixed-culture system that the PHA synthesis pathway is widely existed in activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Hong Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - You Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Zuo-Hong Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ren-Xin Zhao
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jia-Jin Liang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yun Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China.
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16
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Jiang B, Lu D, Shen X, Zhang F, Xu X, Zhu L. Magnetite enhancing sludge anaerobic fermentation to improve wastewater biological nitrogen removal: Pilot-scale verification. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139197. [PMID: 37315850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline anaerobic fermentation for acids production has been considered as an effective method to recover resources from waste activated sludge, and magnetite could improve the quality of fermentation liquid. Here we have constructed a pilot-scale sludge alkaline anaerobic fermentation process enhanced by magnetite to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and used them as external carbon sources to improve the biological nitrogen removal of municipal sewage. Results showed that the addition of magnetite could significantly increase the production of SCFAs. The average concentration of SCFAs in fermentation liquid reached 3718.6 ± 101.5 mg COD/L and the average concentration of acetic acid reached 2368.8 ± 132.1 mg COD/L. The fermentation liquid enhanced by magnetite were used in the mainstream A2O process, and the TN removal efficiency increased from 48.0% ± 5.4%-62.2% ± 6.6%. The main reason is that the fermentation liquid is conducive to the succession of microbial community in the denitrification process, increasing the abundance of denitrification functional bacteria and realizing the enhancement of denitrification process. Besides, magnetite can promote the activity of enzyme to enhance biological nitrogen removal. Finally, the economic analysis showed that magnetite enhancing sludge anaerobic fermentation was economically and technically feasible to promote biological nitrogen removal of municipal sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jiang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Lu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China; PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation, 311122, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Shen
- Haining Water Investment Group Co., Ltd, Jiaxing, 314400, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Environmental Protection Bureau of Changxing County, Huzhou, 313100, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Zhu R, Zhao S, Ju C, Yang Q, Cui C, Wu L, Wang M, Feng L, Wu Y. Ultrasonic-assisted hypochlorite activation accelerated volatile fatty acids production during sewage sludge fermentation: Critical insights on solubilization/hydrolysis stages and microbial traits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 383:129233. [PMID: 37244311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effective disruption of extracellular polymeric substances using appropriate pretreatment is critical to achieving resource recovery from sewage sludge (SS) by anaerobic fermentation. This work proposed an ultrasonic-assisted hypochlorite activation strategy for enhanced production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during SS fermentation. The results demonstrated that after individual ultrasonic and hypochlorite pretreatment, the maximum VFAs yield improved by 8 and 107% with that in control, respectively, while a combination of both techniques led to an improvement of 119%, indicating their synergistic effects on SS fermentation. This method enhanced the solubilization and hydrolysis efficiencies and contributed to the increased biodegradable substrates, which would be beneficial in enhancing microbial activity for VFAs production. The functional anaerobes, metabolic pathways, and gene expressions involved in VFAs biosynthesis were effectively improved. This work would bring a novel insight into the disposal of municipal solid waste for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Chenlu Ju
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Chengcheng Cui
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Society Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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18
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Luo J, Jiang L, Wei Y, Li Y, Yang G, Li YY, Liu J. EDTA-enhanced alkaline anaerobic fermentation of landfill leachate-derived waste activated sludge for short-chain fatty acids production: Metals chelation and EPSs destruction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117523. [PMID: 36801695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline anaerobic fermentation (AAF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) has been demonstrated to be promising for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) recovery. However, high-strength metals and EPSs in the landfill leachate-derived WAS (LL-WAS) would stabilize its structure, suppressing AAF performance. To improve sludge solubilization and SCFAs production, AAF was coupled with EDTA addition for LL-WAS treatment. The results show that sludge solubilization at AAF-EDTA was promoted by 62.8% than AAF, releasing 21.8% more soluble COD. The maximal SCFAs production of 477.4 mg COD/g VSS was thus achieved, i.e., 1.21 and 6.13 times those at AAF and the control, respectively. SCFAs composition was also improved with more acetic and propionic acids (80.8% versus 64.3%). Metals bridging EPSs were chelated by EDTA, which significantly dissolved metals from sludge matrix (e.g., 23.28 times higher soluble Ca than AAF). EPSs tightly bound with microbial cells were thus destructed (e.g., 4.72 times more protein release than alkaline treatment), causing an easier sludge disruption and subsequently a higher SCFAs production by hydroxide ions. These findings suggest an effective EDTA-supported AAF for metals and EPSs-rich WAS to recover carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Groups Co., Ltd., 3447 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Groups Co., Ltd., 3447 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guiyu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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19
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Yin Z, Wang J, Wang M, Liu J, Chen Z, Yang B, Zhu L, Yuan R, Zhou B, Chen H. Application and improvement methods of sludge alkaline fermentation liquid as a carbon source for biological nutrient removal: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162341. [PMID: 36828064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline fermentation can reduce the amount of waste activated sludge and prepare sludge alkaline fermentation liquid (SAFL) rich in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can be used as a high-quality carbon source for the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. This review compiles the production method of SAFL and the progress of its application as a BNR carbon source. Compared with traditional carbon sources, SAFL has the advantages of higher efficiency and economy, and different operating conditions can influence the yield and structure of SCFAs in SAFL. SAFL can significantly improve the nutrient removal efficiency of the BNR process. Taking SAFL as the internal carbon source of BNR can simultaneously solve the problem of carbon source shortage and sludge treatment difficulties in wastewater treatment plants, and further reduce the operating cost. However, the alkaline fermentation process results in many refractory organics, ammonia and phosphate in SAFL, which reduces the availability of SAFL as a carbon source. Purifying SCFAs by removing nitrogen and phosphorus, directly extracting SCFAs, or increasing the amount of SCFAs in SAFL by co-fermentation or combining with other pretreatment methods, etc., are effective measures to improve the availability of SAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Yin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingran Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Boyu Yang
- Nanjing Academy of Resources and Ecology Sciences, No. 606, Ningliu Road, Jiangbei New District, 210044 Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Sinopec Nanjing Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., No. 189, Geguan Road, Liuhe District, Jiangsu 210048, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Cheng H, Qin H, Liang L, Li YY, Liu J. Towards advanced simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent based on anammox-hydroxyapatite (HAP) process: Focusing on a solution perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129117. [PMID: 37141995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the state-of-the-art information on the anammox-HAP process is summarized. The mechanism of this process is systematically expounded, the enhancement of anammox retention by HAP precipitation and the upgrade of phosphorus recovery by anammox process are clarified. However, this process still faces several challenges, especially how to deal with the ∼ 11% nitrogen residues and to purify the recovered HAP. For the first time, an anaerobic fermentation (AF) combined with partial denitrification (PD) and anammox-HAP (AF-PD-Anammox-HAP) process is proposed to overcome the challenges. By AF of the organic impurities of the anammox-HAP granular sludge, organic acid is produced to be used as carbon source for PD to remove the nitrogen residues. Simultaneously, pH of the solution drops, which promotes the dissolution of some inorganic purities such as CaCO3. In this way, not only the inorganic impurities are removed, but the inorganic carbon is supplied for anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haojie Qin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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21
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Liu Q, Li C, Fan J, Peng Y, Du R. Evaluation of sludge anaerobic fermentation driving partial denitrification capability: In view of kinetics and metagenomic mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163581. [PMID: 37086990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial denitrification (PD) provides a promising approach of efficient and stable nitrite (NO2--N) generation for annamox. In this study, the feasibility of short-term sludge anaerobic fermentation driving PD was evaluated. It was found that a higher NO2--N accumulation in nitrate (NO3--N) reduction was obtained with the 5-days fermented sludge compared to 8 and 15-days fermentation. Moreover, compared to acetate as carbon source, sludge fermentation products (SFPs) induced the higher NO2--N production with nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) nearly 100 %. Denitrification activity of fermented sludge were obviously improved with SFPs as electron donor. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Thauera was the dominant bacteria, which was assumed to be the key contributor to PD performance by harboring the highest narGHI and napAB but much lower nirS and nirK. Under the conditions of SFPs and fermented sludge, Thauera was speculated to have higher resistance than other denitrifiers attributed to versatile carbon metabolic capabilities utilizing SFPs with the significantly improved genes for metabolism of complex organic carbon via glycolysis after anaerobic fermentation. A novel integration of sludge fermentation driving PD and anammox for mainstream wastewater treatment and sidestream polishing was proposed to offer a promising application with reduced commercial carbon source consumption and waste sludge reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiarui Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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22
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Cui H, Feng Y, Yin Z, Qu K, Wang L, Li J, Jin T, Bai Y, Cui Z. Organic carbon release, denitrification performance and microbial community of solid-phase denitrification reactors using the blends of agricultural wastes and artificial polymers for the treatment of mariculture wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114791. [PMID: 36934547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper explored the possibility of heterotrophic denitrification driven by composite solid carbon sources in low carbon/nitrogen ratio marine recirculating aquaculture wastewater. In this study, two agricultural wastes, reed straw (RS), corn cob (CC) and two artificial polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxypropionate (PHBV) were mixed in a 1:1 ratio to compare the carbon release characteristics of the four composite carbon sources (RS+PCL, RS+PHBV, CC+PCL, and CC+PHBV) and their effects on improving the mariculture wastewater for denitrification. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) after carbon source release (4.96-1.07 mg/g), total organic carbon/chemical oxygen demand (1.9-0.79) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (4.23-0.21 mg/g) showed that all the four composite solid carbon sources had excellent organic carbon release ability, and the CC+PCL group had the highest release of DOC and SCFAs. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to observe the changes in the surface characteristics of the composite carbon source before and after application. And results showed that the stable internal structure enabled CC+PCL group to have continuous carbon release performance and achieved the maximum denitrification efficiency (93.32 %). The NRE results were supported by the abundance of the Proteobacteria microbial community at the phylum level and Marinobacter at the genus level. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) indicated CC-containing composite carbon source groups have good nitrate reduction ability, while PCL-containing composite carbon source groups have better nitrite reduction level. In conclusion, the carbon source for agricultural wastes and artificial polymers can be used as an economic and effective solid carbon source for denitrification and treatment of marine recirculating aquaculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuna Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Aquatic Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhendong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tongtong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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23
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Wang Q, Li X, Liu W, Zhai S, Xu Q, Huan C, Nie S, Ouyang Q, Wang H, Wang A. Carbon source recovery from waste sludge reduces greenhouse gas emissions in a pilot-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:100235. [PMID: 36660739 PMCID: PMC9843262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon cycle regulation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission abatement within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can theoretically improve sustainability. Currently, however, large amounts of external carbon sources used for deep nitrogen removal and waste sludge disposal aggravate the carbon footprint of most WWTPs. In this pilot-scale study, considerable carbon was preliminarily recovered from primary sludge (PS) through short-term (five days) acidogenic fermentation and subsequently utilized on-site for denitrification in a wool processing industrial WWTP. The recovered sludge-derived carbon sources were excellent electron donors that could be used as additional carbon supplements for commercial glucose to enhance denitrification. Additionally, improvements in carbon and nitrogen flow further contributed to GHG emission abatement. Overall, a 9.1% reduction in sludge volatile solids was achieved from carbon recovery, which offset 57.4% of external carbon sources, and the indirect GHG emissions of the target industrial WWTP were reduced by 8.05%. This study demonstrates that optimizing the allocation of carbon mass flow within a WWTP has numerous benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Siyuan Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Chang'an Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shichen Nie
- Shandong Shenshui Hynar Water Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Shandong, 274000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Ouyang
- Shenshui Hynar Water Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- Corresponding author. CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Wu L, Zhu R, Han X, Chen Y, Long Z, Dong H, Chen X, Wu Y, Su Y, Zhang Z, Luo J. Sulfite altered permanganate effects on acetate-enriched short-chain fatty acids production during sludge anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128589. [PMID: 36627086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fermentation is a promising method for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment, but ineffective solubilization and hydrolysis limit its application. The current study examined the function of sodium sulfite (SDS) in potassium permanganate (PP)-conditioned WAS fermentation for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) biosynthesis. The presence of SDS in the PP system (PP/SDS) reduced the positive effects of PP on total SCFAs yield (2755 versus 3471 mg COD/L), while effectively increasing the proportion of acetate (from 41 to 81 %). Not only did SDS decrease the promoting effects of PP on WAS solubilization and hydrolysis efficiency by 5-42 %, it also shifted microbial metabolic pathways to favor acetate production. In addition, the amino acid metabolism with acetate as end product was enhanced. Moreover, PP/SDS inhibited methanogenesis, resulting in an accumulation of acetate in high quantities. Thus, the current study a provided insight and direction for effective WAS treatment with acetate-enriched SCFAs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Zhen Long
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Xiaojiang Chen
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China.
| | - Jingyang Luo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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25
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Zhang Q, Liu Z, Meng H, Meng G, Cao W, Cao J, Luo J, Wu Y, Zheng J. Re-circulation of Fe/persulfate regulated sludge fermentation products for sewage treatment: Focus on pollutant removal efficiency, microbial community and metabolic activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160128. [PMID: 36370789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS)-based technologies have been demonstrated as efficient methods for enhancing the performance of waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Except for volatile fatty acids (VFAs), however, some exogenous substances would be also released during this process, which might affect its application as a carbon source for sewage treatment. To fill this knowledge gap, the feasibility of sludge fermentation liquid regulated by Fe/persulfate (PS) (PS-FL) as a carbon source for sewage treatment was investigated in this study. Results indicated that PS-FL exhibits distinct effects on the pollutants removal compared with commercial sodium acetate. It facilitates PO43--P removal but slightly inhibited COD removal & denitrification, and sludge settleability was also decreased. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that PS-FL could stimulate the enrichment of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria (i.e. Candidatus Accumulibacter) and the enhancement of their metabolic activities (i.e. PKK), thereby enhancing the biological PO43--P removal. Moreover, Fe ions in PS-FL could combine with PO43--P to form a precipitate and thus further contributed to PO43--P removal. Conversely, the sulfate reduction process induced by SO42- in PS-FL inhibits denitrification by reducing the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (i.e. Dechloromonas) and metabolic activities (i.e. narG). Additionally, PS-FL also decreased the abundance of flocculation bacteria (i.e. Flavobacterium) and down-regulated the expression of functional genes responsible for COD removal, by which it exhibited certain negative effects on COD removal and sludge settleability. Overall, this work demonstrated that PS-FL can re-circulation as a carbon source for sewage treatment, which provides a new approach to recovering valuable carbon sources from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Zailiang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Hailing Meng
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Guanhua Meng
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Wangbei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, PR China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, PR China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China.
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26
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Yang S, Chang H, Peng Y, Zhang S, Han X, Sun S, Liu J, Zhang L. Advanced nutrient removal and external sludge reduction: Demonstration in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10837. [PMID: 36683357 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the addition of excess sludge fermentation products to improve nutrient removal from sewage is cost-effective, its application has rarely been demonstrated. In this study, the external sludge was first collected and fermented under a sludge retention time of 10 days, then introduced into SBR with a 1:15 sewage ratio. The results revealed a gradual increase in the nitrite accumulation ratio to 34.7% in the SBR at the end of the oxic stage after 64 days of adding fermented sludge products. In addition, the average effluent total nitrogen and phosphorous decreased to 7.3 and 0.5 mg/L, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 86.7% and 95.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the use of the fermented sludge products as external organic carbon sources in the SBR increased the external sludge reduction ratio to 42.5%. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that the increase in the endogenous denitrifier community, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, and fermentation bacteria were the main factors contributing to the increase in nutrient removal and excess sludge reduction. The economic evaluation indicated that the operational cost of the pilot-scale system saves 0.011$/m3 of sewage treated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Fermented sludge addition effectively enhanced nutrient removal in pilot-scale SBR. Average effluent TN and PO4 3- -P decreased to 7.3 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Highest external sludge reduction rate was 42.5% in pilot-scale reactor. Sewage treatment cost can save 0.011$/m3 under advanced nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhua Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- SDIC XinKai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd (BDG), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd (BDG), Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- SDIC XinKai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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27
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Christensen ML, Jakobsen AH, Hansen CSK, Skovbjerg M, Andersen RBM, Jensen MD, Sundmark K. Pilot-scale hydrolysis of primary sludge for production of easily degradable carbon to treat biological wastewater or produce biogas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157532. [PMID: 35872189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds in wastewater are required for the biological removal of nitrogen, but they can also be used for biogas production. Distribution of the internal organic carbon at the plant is therefore critical to ensure high quality of the treated water, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and optimize biogas production. We describe a wastewater treatment plant designed to focus equally on energy production, water quality, and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. A disk filter was installed to remove as much carbon as possible during primary treatment. Primary sludge was then hydrolyzed and centrifuged. The hydrolysate centrate contained volatile fatty acids and was used either for the secondary wastewater treatment or to produce biogas. The yield during hydrolysis was 30-35 g volatile fatty acid per kg dry material or 40-65 g soluble COD per kg total solid. The specific denitrification rate was 20-40 g/(g·min), which is on the same order of magnitude as that for commonly used external carbon sources. Hydrolysis at around 35 °C and pH 7 gave the best results. The hydrolysate centrate can be stored and added to the biological treatment to improve water quality and reduce emissions of nitrous oxide or it can be used to produce biogas to optimize the operation of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Højmark Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Membrane Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Skovbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Membrane Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bruun Munk Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Membrane Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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28
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Du R, Li C, Liu Q, Fan J, Peng Y. A review of enhanced municipal wastewater treatment through energy savings and carbon recovery to reduce discharge and CO 2 footprint. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128135. [PMID: 36257527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment that mainly performed by conventional activated sludge (CAS) process faces the challenge of intensive aeration-associated energy consumption for oxidation of organics and ammonium, contributing to significant directly/indirectly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy use, which hinders the achievement of carbon neutral, the top priority mission in the coming decades to cope with the global climate change. Therefore, this article aimed to offer a comprehensive analysis of recently developed biological treatment processes with the focus on reducing discharge and CO2 footprint. The biotechnologies including "Zero Carbon", "Low Carbon", "Carbon Capture and Utilization" are discussed, it suggested that, by integrating these processes with energy-saving and carbon recovery, the challenges faced in current wastewater treatment plants can be overcome, and a carbon-neutral even be possible. Future research should investigate the integration of these methods and improve anammox contribution as well as minimize organics lost under different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiarui Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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29
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Liu J, Huang J, Li W, Shi Z, Lin Y, Zhou R, Meng J, Tang J, Hou P. Coupled process of in-situ sludge fermentation and riboflavin-mediated nitrogen removal for low carbon wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127928. [PMID: 36096329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acid recovery from waste activated sludge (WAS) was highly suggested to supplement carbon source for nitrogen removal. However, it was not easy to separate them from the metabolites under the ex-situ fermentation. In this study, in-situ WAS fermentation combined in the denitrification system was established to treat low carbon wastewater (COD/TN = 4), and riboflavin was employed as a redox mediator. This coupled process could simultaneously enhance the WAS fermentation and nitrogen removal, and riboflavin could significantly enrich the fermentative bacteria (Firmicutes phylum), denitrifying bacteria (Denitratisoma genus) and related functional genes (narGHJI, napABC, nirKS, nosZ, norBC), generating more available carbon sources for efficient nitrogen removal. This resulted in the effluent TN (<15 mg/L) satisfying the required discharge standard in China. This study provided new insights into the efficient nitrogen removal from low carbon wastewater, realizing the carbon-neutral operation of new concept wastewater treatment plant in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Liu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jingang Huang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; The Belt and Road Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Weishuai Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhuoer Shi
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Rongbing Zhou
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jianfang Meng
- M-U-T Maschinen-Umwelttechnik-Transportanlagen GmbH, Stockerau 2000, Austria
| | - Junhong Tang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Pingzhi Hou
- The Belt and Road Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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30
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Wang J, Sun Y, Zhang D, Broderick T, Strawn M, Santha H, Pallansch K, Deines A, Wang Z. Unblocking the rate-limiting step of the municipal sludge anaerobic digestion. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10793. [PMID: 36184901 PMCID: PMC9827873 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion stabilizes municipal sludge through total solids reduction and biogas production. It is generally accepted that hydrolysis accounts for the rate-limiting step of municipal sludge anaerobic digestion, impacting the overall rates of solids reduction and methane production. Technically, the sludge hydrolysis rate can be enhanced by the application of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) and is also affected by the total solids concentration, temperature, and solids retention time used in the anaerobic digestion. This study systematically analyzed and compared ways to take these four factors into the consideration of modern anaerobic digestion system for achieving the maximum solid reduction. Results showed that thermophilic anaerobic digestion was superior to mesophilic anaerobic digestion in terms of solids reduction but vice versa in terms of the methane production when integrated with THP. This difference has to do with the intermediate product accumulation and inhibition when hydrolysis outpaced methanogenesis in THP-enhanced thermophilic anaerobic digestion, which can be mitigated by adjusting the solids retention time. PRACTITIONER POINTS: THP followed by TAD offers the greatest solids reduction rate. THP followed by MAD offered the greatest methane production rate. FAN inhibition appears to be an ultimate limiting factor constraining the methane production rate. In situ ammonia removal technique should be developed to further unblock the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Wang
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Yuepeng Sun
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Tom Broderick
- Arlington County Water Pollution Control BureauArlingtonVirigniaUSA
| | - Mary Strawn
- Arlington County Water Pollution Control BureauArlingtonVirigniaUSA
| | - Hari Santha
- Alexandria Renew EnterprisesAlexandriaVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - Zhi‐Wu Wang
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
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Qiao Z, Xu S, Zhang W, Shi S, Zhang W, Liu H. Potassium ferrate pretreatment promotes short chain fatty acids yield and antibiotics reduction in acidogenic fermentation of sewage sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 120:41-52. [PMID: 35623771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the acidogenic fermentation converting waste activated sludge (WAS) into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hydrolysis of complex organic polymers is a limiting step and the transformation of harmful substances (such as antibiotics) during acidogenic fermentation is unknown. In this study, potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) oxidation was used as a pretreatment strategy for WAS acidogenic fermentation to increase the hydrolysis of sludge and destruct the harmful antibiotics. Pretreatment with K2FeO4 can effectively increase the SCFA production during acidogenic fermentation and change the distribution of SCFA components. With the dosage of 0.2 g/g TS, the maximum SCFA yield was 4823 mg COD/L, which is 28.3 times that of the control group; acetic acid accounts for more than 90% of the total SCFA. The higher dosage (0.5 g/g TS) can further increase the proportion of acetic acid, but inhibit the overall performance of SCFA production. Apart from the promotion of hydrolysis and acidogenesis, K2FeO4 pretreatment can also simultaneously oxidizes and degrades part of the antibiotics in the sludge. When the dosage is 0.5 g/g TS, the degradation efficacy of antibiotics is the most significant, and the contents of ofloxacin, azithromycin, and tetracycline in the sludge are reduced by 69%, 42%, and 50%, respectively. In addition, K2FeO4 pretreatment can also promote the release of antibiotics from sludge flocs, which is conducive to the simultaneous degradation of antibiotics in the subsequent biological treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qiao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- Centillion Resource Recycling (Wuxi) Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Shuyin Shi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Zhang C, Yang X, Tan X, Wan C, Liu X. Sewage sludge treatment technology under the requirement of carbon neutrality: Recent progress and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127853. [PMID: 36037839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate policies that advocate carbon neutrality, carbon emission reduction provides a new restriction in evaluating the waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment technologies and procedures. This review provides an overview of current researches and development efforts in WAS treatment, focusing on the dual attributes of WAS as contaminants and resources. Firstly, the improved technical requirements posed by heavy metals, micro(nano) plastics, or other emerging plastics in WAS are studied. Furthermore, in terms of carbon emission reduction, the applications and limitations of widely deployed WAS treatment technologies are discussed. Based on carbon neutrality requirements, the anaerobic co-digestion and co-pyrolysis technologies are comprehensively discussed from the views of pollutants removing efficiencies, enhancement methods, carbon emissions, and resource recovery. Finally, a workable new route for WAS treatment is proposed for future technological advancement and engineering innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., LTD., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Liu Z, Zhou A, Duan Y, Wang S, Gao Y, Chen X, Cui Z, Guo Z, Yue X. Unraveling the behavior of nitrite on promoting short-chain fatty acids accumulation from waste activated sludge by peracetic acid pretreatment: Extracellular polymeric substance decomposition and underlying mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156793. [PMID: 35728647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an emerging oxidant for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment due to its strong oxidization and few toxic byproducts. Nitrite which can be in-situ recovered from WAS fermentation liquor, its protonated form (free nitrous acid, FNA) is regarded as the cost-effective inactivator. The stubborn extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the rate-limiting step for energy/resource recovery from WAS. This work found that the co-pretreatment of PAA and FNA can effectively promote short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during anaerobic fermentation. Higher PAA dosage (100 mg/g VSS, FP4WAS) in co-pretreatment was beneficial for organics release (1976.9 mg COD/L), remarkably increased by 10.3- 96.5 % than that of low PAA dosage (25- 75 mg/g VSS), and promoted by 105.1 % and 62.1 % than FNA (FWAS)/PAA (100 mg/g VSS, P4WAS)-pretreated WAS. Effective release of soluble organics contributed to the SCFAs accumulation (7679 ± 86 mg COD/L, 4 d), enhanced by 200.0 % and 19.0 % than FWAS and P4WAS, respectively. Acetic (HAc) and propionic acid (HPr) peaked at 6344.7 mg COD/L in FP4WAS (accounted for 82.6 %), which increased by 10.6- 899.0 % than other groups. Moreover, OH and O2- were detected in co-pretreatment, may play the synchronous effect with the crucial intermediates of NO, NO2 and ONOO-/ONOOH on EPS decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yanqing Duan
- Department of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yanjuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zhixuan Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhengtong Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan, China.
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Continuous Production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) from Swine Manure: Determination of Process Conditions, VFAs Composition Distribution and Fermentation Broth Availability Analysis. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For pollution control and waste utilization, a promising future direction is to obtain high-value carbon sources from organic waste. In this experiment, swine manure was efficiently converted into high concentration volatile fatty acids through continuous hydrolysis-acidification bioreactors. This study determined the process conditions, the composition distribution of volatile fatty acids and the availability of fermentation broth. The results showed that the reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 1.5 days had the optimal production performance of volatile fatty acids. The highest hydrolysis degree (62.2%) and acidification degree (42.5%) were realized in this reactor at the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand of 5460 mg/L. Furthermore, when the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand was 7660 mg/L, volatile fatty acids of 6065 mg-COD/L could be produced stably, and the proportion of volatile fatty acids in soluble chemical oxygen demand was the largest (75%). Additionally, the fermentation broth rich in volatile fatty acids could be applied to deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This work provides a productive approach to resource recovery from swine manure.
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Wang X, Chen T, Gao C, Xie Y, Zhang A. Use of extracellular polymeric substances as natural redox mediators to enhance denitrification performance by accelerating electron transfer and carbon source metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126522. [PMID: 34896536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from waste activated sludge were used as endogenous redox mediator to enhance denitrification performance. The nitrate reduction rate increased 1.42-fold when EPS were added at 75 mg C/L (C represents total organic carbon). EPS addition decreased the charge transfer resistance and improved the electron transport system activity. The nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities improved by 29.7% and 25.4%, respectively. The activation energy of the system with EPS addition (25.82 kJ/mol) was 31.1% lower than that of the control group (37.49 kJ/mol). Besides, EPS could be used as electron carriers to accelerate electron transport; its primary role was similar to that of the quinone loop in the electron transfer chain. More importantly, EPS addition enhanced carbon source metabolism, which increased the available nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide yield to 1.21 times that of the control group, and thus promoted the denitrification performance of activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China; China Light Industry Water Pollution Control Engineering Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China.
| | - Tiantian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
| | - Chuyue Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
| | - Yili Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
| | - Anlong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China; China Light Industry Water Pollution Control Engineering Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
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36
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Chen C, Zhang X, Liu C, Wu Y, Zheng G, Chen Y. Advances in downstream processes and applications of biological carboxylic acids derived from organic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126609. [PMID: 34954356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recovering carboxylic acids derived from organic wastes from fermentation broth is challenging. To provide a reference for future study and industrial application, this review summarized recent advances in recovery technologies of carboxylic acids including precipitation, extraction, adsorption, membrane-based processes, etc. Meanwhile, applications of recovered carboxylic acids are summarized as well to help choose suitable downstream processes according to purity requirement. Integrated processes are required to remove the impurities from the complicated fermentation broth, at the cost of loss and expense. Compared with chemical processes, biological synthesis is better options due to low requirements for the substrates. Generally, the use of toxic agents, consumption of acid/alkaline and membrane fouling hamper the sustainability and scale-up of the downstream processes. Future research on novel solvents and materials will facilitate the sustainable recovery and reduce the cost of the downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guanghong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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37
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Yu B, Xiao X, Wang J, Hong M, Deng C, Li YY, Liu J. Enhancing phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125899. [PMID: 34523558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic-based processes are green and sustainable technologies for phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludges economically and are promising in practical application. However, the P release efficiency is always not satisfied. In this paper, the P release mechanisms (regarding to different P species) from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes are systematically summarized. The obstacles of P release and the updated achievements of enhancing P release from sewage sludges are analyzed and discussed. It can be concluded that different P species can release from sewage sludge via different anaerobic-based processes. Extracellular polymeric substances and excessive metal ions are the two main limiting factors to P release. Acid fermentation and anaerobic fermentation with sulfate reduction could be two promising ways, with P release efficiencies of up to 64% and 63%. Based on the summarization and discussion, perspectives on practical application of P recovery from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangmin Xiao
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Meng Hong
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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38
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Zhou L, Dong N, Ye B, Zhuang WQ, Xia S. Assessing effects of Ca 2+ addition on membrane bioreactor performance and macro-floc sludge characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149223. [PMID: 34375270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) can trigger coagulation-flocculation process to form macro-flocculated sludge (MFS). Thus, dosing Ca2+-containing reagents into membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is considered as a promising approach to mitigate membrane biofouling. However, a mechanistic understanding of Ca2+ addition to MBR performance remains elucidated, such as physicochemical characteristics of MFS and their functionality variations. Consequently, this study was sought to understand the interplays of Ca2+ addition and MBR performance with a focus on characterizing MFS in detail. Three parallel MBRs were amended with 82, 208 and 410 mg-Ca2+/L final concentrations. Particle size analyses revealed that MFS formation was overall enhanced by the Ca2+ addition and granular sludge with diameters of up to 900 μm was formed in the 410 mg-Ca2+/L scenario. We believed that cationic bridges facilitated by elevated Ca2+ concentrations in conjunction with coagulation-flocculation were primary mechanisms of the formation of large flocs. Moreover, significant portions of soluble proteins and polysaccharides were flocculated and precipitated by Ca2+, which demonstrated a negative correlation between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and the formation of MFS. Furthermore, the population abundancies of Thiotrichaceae, Sphingomonadales and Hyphomicrobiaceae decreased in the sludge with Ca2+ addition resulted in profound changes of the microbial communities in the MBRs. But MBR performance, such as chemical oxygen demand removal (over 90%), showed no variation during the MBR operation. On the contrary, total nitrogen removal was inhibited in the MBRs. It was because the enlarging MFS formed diffusion barriers to prevent organic component from entering into the sludge flocs to be consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China.
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Bahreini G, Elbahrawi M, Elbeshbishy E, Santoro D, Nakhla G. Biological nutrient removal enhancement using fermented primary and rotating belt filter biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148947. [PMID: 34273832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research compared the impact of two primary treatment options (i.e. primary clarification and rotating belt filtration (RBF)) on biological nutrients removal (BNR) process, using sludge fermentation liquid (SFL) as a carbon source. The liquid fraction of both fermented primary and RBF sludges comparably enhanced BNR. Despite the significant contribution of the unpurified SFL to the sharp increase in nutrient levels; i.e. 47%-64% (primary effluent; PE), and 45%-53% (RBF) of the soluble nitrogen and phosphorus loads; readily biodegradable COD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) fractions of the combined feed increased significantly (2.5-6.1 times), compared to the original feed by additional SFL. Removal efficiencies in the reactors reached 57% (total nitrogen) and 92% (total phosphorus) after addition of SFL. Effluent nitrogen and phosphorus of the two reactors were close in the range of 15 ± 6 mg N/L, and 0.5 ± 0.3 mg P/L, respectively. Kinetics studies showed denitrification rates of 1.3, and 1.13 kg NO3-N/m3.d for primary effluent and RBF effluent-fed reactors, respectively. Phosphorus release rates were 11.7 and 9.7 mg PO4-P/g VSS.h, for primary, and RBF effluents, respectively; showing 20%-22% lower rates in the RBF SFL. Incorporating experimental data into a plant-wide model for a 100 MLD facility receiving typical medium strength wastewater, showed that although primary treatment enhanced the biogas production by 96% (primary clarification) and 62% (RBF) trains; combined fermentation and anaerobic digestion was effective to enhance the biogas production by 59% on average, compared to the base scenario without primary treatment. Additionally, if primary clarification exists, then the addition of fermentation results in additional revenue of C$1890/d in the plant, considering additional revenue of C$2230/d due to VFA generation in contrast to only C$340/d loss due to the reduced methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bahreini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Moustafa Elbahrawi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Elsayed Elbeshbishy
- Civil Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | | | - George Nakhla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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41
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He J, Li L, Zhang J, Wu X, Li B, Tang X. Medium chain fatty acids production from simple substrate and waste activated sludge with ethanol as the electron donor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131278. [PMID: 34467945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Production of MCFAs (Medium-chain fatty acids) from simple substrate (i.e., ethanol and acetate) and WAS with chain elongation microbiome was investigated in this study. The results showed that rapid production of MCFAs was observed when simple substrate was utilized. 1889 mg/L of caproate and 3434 mg/L of butyrate were achieved after 10 d's reaction. H2 proportion in the headspace could reach as high as 10.1% on day 8 and then declined quickly. However, when WAS was used, the bacterial consortia was not able to hydrolyze WAS efficiently, which resulted in poor MCFAs production performance. Presence of ethanol could improve the hydrolysis process to a limited degree, which resulted in solubilization of a small fraction of protein and carbohydrate. Around 33.8% and 36.9% of the total detected electrons on day 6 in the 50 mM and 100 mM tests were extracted from WAS respectively. Those results indicate that the chain elongation microbial consortia tended to receive electrons form ethanol directly other than the complex WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Biqing Li
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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42
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Dai B, Zhu X. Surfactant rhamnolipid promotes anaerobic codigestion of excess sludge and plant waste. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2519-2529. [PMID: 34810328 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the bottleneck of low methane production in anaerobic codigestion of excess sludge (ES) and plant waste (PW), a new strategy of enhancing hydrolysis and acidification by rhamnolipid (RL) was proposed under thermophilic condition. The results showed that the optimal dosage of RL was 50 g/kg total suspended solids, and the maximum yield of methane was 198.5 mL/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), which was 2.3 times of that in the control. RL promoted the dissolution of organic matter in the codigestion process of ES and PW, and the higher the dosage of RL, the higher the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the fermentation broth. When RL was 100 g/kg, the maximum content of SCOD in fermentation broth was 2,451 mg/L, and the contents of soluble protein and polysaccharide were 593 mg/L and 419 mg/L on 10 d, respectively, which were significantly higher than other groups. In addition, the yield of VFA in RL group was also significantly increased, and acetate and propionate were the main components of VFAs. This research work provides data support for the resource utilization of ES and PW, and expands the application field of RL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wang
- College of Public Utilities, Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213147, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Suzhou Yuanke Ecological Construction Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- College of Public Utilities, Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213147, China E-mail:
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Bonassa G, Bolsan AC, Hollas CE, Venturin B, Candido D, Chini A, De Prá MC, Antes FG, Campos JL, Kunz A. Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147390. [PMID: 33964770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon can affect the biological nitrogen removal process since the Anammox, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacteria have different affinities and feedback in relation to carbon/nitrogen ratio. Therefore, we reviewed the wastewater carbon concentration, its biodegradability and bioavailability to choose the appropriate nitrogen removal process between conventional (nitrification-denitrification) and Anammox-based process (i.e. integrated with the partial nitritation, nitritation, simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification or partial-denitrification). This review will cover: (i) strategies to choose the best nitrogen removal route according to the wastewater characteristics in relation to the organic matter bioavailability and biodegradability; (ii) strategies to efficiently remove nitrogen and the remaining carbon from effluent in anammox-based process and its operating cost; (iii) an economic analysis to determine the operational costs of two-units Anammox-based process when compared with the commonly applied one-unit Anammox system (partial-nitritation-Anammox). On this review, a list of alternatives are summarized and explained for different nitrogen and biodegradable organic carbon concentrations, which are the main factors to determine the best treatment process, based on operational and economic terms. In summary, it depends on the wastewater carbon biodegradability, which implies in the wastewater treatment cost. Thus, to apply the conventional nitrification/denitrification process a CODb/N ratio higher than 3.5 is required to achieve full nitrogen removal efficiency. For an economic point of view, according to the analysis the minimum CODb/gN for successful nitrogen removal by nitrification/denitrification is 5.8 g. If ratios lower than 3.5 are applied, for successfully higher nitrogen removal rates and the economic feasibility of the treatment, Anammox-based routes can be applied to the wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Venturin
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Candido
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, 99700-000 Erechim, Brazil
| | - Angélica Chini
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina C De Prá
- Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | | | - José Luis Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Avda. Padre Hurtado 750, 2503500 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil; Federal University of Fronteira Sul, 99700-000 Erechim, Brazil; Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89715-899 Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
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44
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Yu B, Luo J, Xie H, Yang H, Chen S, Liu J, Zhang R, Li YY. Species, fractions, and characterization of phosphorus in sewage sludge: A critical review from the perspective of recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147437. [PMID: 33971595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from municipal sewage sludge is a promising way to alleviate the shortage of phosphorus resources. However, the recovery efficiency and cost depend greatly on phosphorus species and fractions in different sewage sludges, i.e., waste activated sludge and chemically enhanced primary sludge. In this review, the phosphorous (sub-)species and fractions in waste activated sludge and chemically enhanced primary sludge are systematically overviewed and compared. The factors affecting phosphorus fractions, including wastewater treatment process, as well as sludge treatment methods and conditions are summarized and discussed; it is found that phosphorus removal method and sludge treatment process are the dominant factors. The characterization methods of phosphorus species and fractions in sewage sludge are reviewed; non-destructive extraction of poly-P and microscopic IP characterization need more attention. Anaerobic fermentation is the preferable solution to achieve advanced phosphorus release both from waste activated sludge and chemically enhanced primary sludge, because it can make phosphorus species and fractions more suitable for recovery. A post low strength acid extraction after anaerobic fermentation is recommended to facilitate phosphorous release and improve the total recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinghuan Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Shagnhai Environmental & Sanitary Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, No.11, Lane 345, Shilong Road, Shanghai 200232, PR China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shagnhai Environmental & Sanitary Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, No.11, Lane 345, Shilong Road, Shanghai 200232, PR China.
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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45
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Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Zhang R, Pan Y, Zhou T. A novel additional carbon source derived from rotten fruits: Application for the denitrification from mature landfill leachate and evaluation the economic benefits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125244. [PMID: 33962159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rotten fruits could be used as an available resource due to the high organic content and low pollution introduction. In this study, four kinds of rotten fruits including banana, apple, pear and grape, were utilized as additional carbon source to improve the nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate. With the optimal condition of carbon-nitrogen ratio 6.5 and operation time 2 d, the rotten banana group had a higher denitrification rate of 11.78 mg/(gVSS·h) than that of other groups, corresponding the 99.55% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), 99.36% of total nitrogen and 94.60% of organics removal. High carbon-nitrogen ratio would contribute to more degradation of organic and humus matters, and the low cost of 0.65 €/kgNO3--N was obtained. Biodiversity analysis indicated that denitrificans and organic-degrading bacterial were enriched after the addition of rotten banana. Overall, the novel carbon source of rotten banana was a cost-efficient choice for the denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200323, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Shanghai Chengtou Environment (Group) Co., Ltd, Shangshan Branch, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China.
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46
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Qi S, Lin J, Wang Y, Yuan S, Wang W, Xiao L, Zhan X, Hu Z. Fermentation liquid production of food wastes as carbon source for denitrification: Laboratory and full-scale investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129460. [PMID: 33423004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal is often limited in municipal wastewater treatment due to the insufficiency of carbon source, and using food wastes fermentation liquid as carbon source could cut down the cost of operating and recycle food wastes. Food wastes fermentation liquid production and application as external carbon source were explored in the laboratory and full-scale system in this study. In the laboratory scale, lactic acid and VFAs were the main components of fermentation liquid, and the highest total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) production was obtained with activated sludge as inoculum. The yield of TCOD was around 794.5 mg/g TSfed and NH4+-N was 3.5 mg/g TSfed. The denitrification rate with fermentation liquid was slightly lower than acetic acid and butyric acid, but higher than lactic acid and starch. In the full-scale investigation, the TCOD concentration in fermentation liquid was in the range of 6.9-12.8 g/L and the ratio of TCOD/inorganic nitrogen was 210.5-504.5:1. NO3--N removal increased from 52.1% to 94.2% after fermentation liquid addition, confirming the potentiality of food wastes fermentation liquid replace the commercial carbon source in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qi
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jinbiao Lin
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Hong Kong Hua Yi Design Consultants (S.Z.) LTD., Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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47
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Zhang L, Deng F, Liu Z, Ai L. Removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus by biochar prepared from sludge residue after rusty scrap iron and reduced iron powder enhanced fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 282:111970. [PMID: 33450434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rusty scrap iron (RSI) or a mixture of rusty scrap iron and reduced iron powder (RSI-RIP) can be used as an exogenous additive to enhance the anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. In order to make rational use of the fermentation residue, the sludge after intensified fermentation was pyrolyzed to produce biochar in this study, which was used in the adsorption of ammonia and phosphorus from the anaerobic fermentation broth. The experimental results demonstrated that the pore structure of the sludge biochar was greatly improved after enhanced fermentation with RSI and RIP. Meanwhile, there was an increase in the proportion of metallic elements such as Ca, Fe and Mg. On the other hand, the RSI-RIP co-enhanced fermented biochar (ES600) prepared at 600 °C showed a higher adsorption capacity, which was comparable to the commercially activated carbon. Neutral or weakly alkaline environments were preferred during the adsorption process. At a suitable pH condition, the maximum removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) on ES600 reached 91.3% and 98.6%, respectively. In addition, the saturated ES600 was regenerated by simple washing with ammonia-free water. After three cycles, the removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TP remained at 71.3% and 83.2%, respectively. As a result, the biochar prepared from RSI-RIP enhanced fermented sludge can be used as a promising low-cost adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lexian Ai
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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48
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Chen Y, Ruhyadi R, Huang J, Yan W, Wang G, Shen N, Hanggoro W. Comprehensive comparison of acidic and alkaline anaerobic fermentations of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124613. [PMID: 33387706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a comprehensive comparison of acidic (R5.0) and alkaline (R10.0) anaerobic fermentations of waste activated sludge (WAS). The results showed that alkaline fermentation was able to increase biopolymer release and benefitted the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, large amounts of the released organic matter in the R10.0 fermented liquid had low biodegradability unsuitable for the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, resulting in increased C, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads in BNR effluent. Further, Al was more readily released than other metals and its maximum concentration reached 134.52 mg/L in R10.0, 2.99 times higher than in R5.0. The fermented sludge filterability was severely deteriorated at R10.0, as indicated by the normalized capillary suction time and specific resistance to filtration. Considering these findings, VFAs from WAS via acidic fermentation may represent a suitable carbon source for direct use in the BNR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Roby Ruhyadi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Solid Waste Reduction Section, Environmental Agency of Bogor Regency, Bogor Regency 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Jinjin Huang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yan
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wido Hanggoro
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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49
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Zhai S, Li M, Xiong Y, Wang D, Fu S. Dual resource utilization for tannery sludge: Effects of sludge biochars (BCs) on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from sludge anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123903. [PMID: 32763801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Resource utilization of organic matters in tannery sludge has drawn great attention. In this paper, the influences of sludge biochars (BCs) on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from the anaerobic digestion of sludge supernatant (SST) were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the VFAs yields improved in the presence of BCs with rich functional groups. The maximum yield of VFAs was 1037.5 mg/g SCOD with the addition of BC-1 biochar (zeta potential -50.42 mV). BCs decreased ammonia nitrogen concentration, thus reducing inhibition for bacteria during the anaerobic digestion. Microbial community analysis indicated that the BCs affected microbial community structures and contributed to a favorable environment for bacteria. Especially, the BC-1 biochar with rich functional groups enhanced the relative abundance of acid-forming bacteria (Clostridiales). A dual strategy was proposed to improve the resource utilization efficiency for tannery sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhai
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yonghui Xiong
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Suzhou Sunmun Technology Co.,Ltd, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215337, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Suzhou Sunmun Technology Co.,Ltd, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215337, China.
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