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Colozza N, Mazzaracchio V, Arduini F. Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Target Analytes in Liquid, Aerosol, and Solid Samples. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:127-147. [PMID: 38640070 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-034228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has been incredibly fruitful in proving the multifunctionality of paper for delivering innovative electrochemical (bio)sensors. The paper material exhibits unprecedented versatility to deal with complex liquid matrices and facilitate analytical detection in aerosol and solid phases. Such remarkable capabilities are feasible by exploiting the intrinsic features of paper, including porosity, capillary forces, and its easy modification, which allow for the fine designing of a paper device. In this review, we shed light on the most relevant paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors published in the literature so far to identify the smart functional roles that paper can play to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world applications in the biomedical, environmental, agrifood, and security fields. Our analysis aims to highlight how paper's multifarious properties can be artfully harnessed for breaking the boundaries of the most classical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Colozza
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- 1Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;
- 2Sense4Med S.R.L., Rome, Italy
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2
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Kny E, Hasler R, Luczak W, Knoll W, Szunerits S, Kleber C. State of the art and future research directions of materials science applied to electrochemical biosensor developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2247-2259. [PMID: 38006442 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Centralized laboratories in which analytical processes are automated to enable the analysis of large numbers of samples at relatively low cost are used for analytical testing throughout the world. However, healthcare is changing, partly due to the general recognition that care needs to be more patient-centered and putting the patient at the center of action. One way to achieve this goal is to consider point-of-care testing (PoC) devices as alternative analytical concepts. This requires miniaturization of current analytical concepts and the use of cost-effective diagnostic tools with appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Electrochemical sensors are ideally adapted as they provide robust, low-cost, and miniaturized solutions for the detection of variable analytes, yet lack the high sensitivity comparable to more classical diagnosis approaches. Advances in nanotechnology have opened up a plethora of different nanomaterials to be applied as electrode and/or sensing materials in electrochemical biosensors. The choice of materials significantly influences the sensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and overall performance. A critical review of the state of the art with respect to the development of the utilized materials (between 2019 and 2023) and where the field is heading to are the focus of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kny
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Roger Hasler
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Wiktor Luczak
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christoph Kleber
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria.
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3
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Shi Z, Li Y, Wu X, Chen B, Sun W, Guo C, Li CM. Integrated Sandwich-Paper 3D Cell Sensing Device to In Situ Wirelessly Monitor H 2O 2 Released from Living Cells. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38324759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has attracted great interest because of its prominent advantages of rapidness, precision, portability, and real-time monitoring, thus becoming a powerful biomedical device in early clinical diagnosis and convenient medical treatments. However, its complicated manufacturing process and high expense severely impede mass production and broad applications. Herein, an innovative but inexpensive integrated sandwich-paper three-dimensional (3D) cell sensing device is fabricated to in situ wirelessly detect H2O2 released from living cells. The paper-based electrochemical sensing device was constructed by a sealed sandwiched bottom plastic film/fiber paper/top hole-centered plastic film that was printed with patterned electrodes. A new (Fe, Mn)3(PO4)2/N-doped carbon nanorod was developed and immobilized on the sensing carbon electrode while cell culture solution filled the exposed fiber paper, allowing living cells to grow on the fiber paper surrounding the electrode. Due to the significantly shortening diffusion distance to access the sensing sites by such a unique device and a rationally tuned ratio of Fe2+/Mn2+, the device exhibits a fast response time (0.2 s), a low detection limit (0.4 μM), and a wide detection range (2-3200 μM). This work offers great promise for a low-cost and highly sensitive POCT device for practical clinic diagnosis and broad POCT biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Shi
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Wu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
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4
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Zhao X, Ding Z, Chen H, Xiao Y, Hou J, Huang L, Wu J, Hao N. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Multifunctional Paper-Based Analytical Devices. Anal Chem 2024; 96:496-504. [PMID: 38153375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) feature an economic and sensitive nature, while acoustofluidics displays contactless and versatile virtue, and both of them gained tremendous interest in the past decades. Integrating μPADs with acoustofluidic techniques provides great potential to overcome the inherent shortcomings and make appealing achievements. Here, we present acoustofluidics-assisted multifunctional paper-based analytical devices that leverage bulk acoustic waves to realize multiple applications on paper substrates, including uniform colorimetric detection, microparticle/cell enrichment, fluorescence amplification, homogeneous mixing, and nanomaterial synthesis. The glucose detection in the range of 5-15 mM was conducted to perform uniform colorimetric detection. Various types (brass powder, copper powder, diamond powder, and yeast cells) and sizes (5-200 μm) of solid particles and biological cells can be enriched on paper in a few seconds or minutes; thus, fluorescence amplification by 3 times was realized with the enrichment. The high-throughput and homogeneous mixing of two fluids can be achieved, and based on the mixing, nanomaterials (ZnO nanosheets) were synthesized on paper. We analyzed the underlying mechanisms of these applications in the devices, which are attributed to Faraday waves and Chladni patterns. With their simple fabrication and prominent effectiveness, the devices open up new possibilities for paper-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
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Seddaoui N, Colozza N, Gullo L, Arduini F. Paper as smart support for bioreceptor immobilization in electrochemical paper-based devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127409. [PMID: 37848114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of paper as a smart support in the field of electrochemical sensors has been largely improved over the last 15 years, driven by its outstanding features such as foldability and porosity, which enable the design of reagent and equipment-free multi-analysis devices. Furthermore, the easy surface engineering of paper has been used to immobilize different bioreceptors, through physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and electrochemical polymerization, boosting the fine customization of the analytical performances of paper-based biosensors. In this review, we focused on the strategies to engineer the surface of the paper for the immobilization of (bio)recognition elements (eg., enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers) with the overriding goal to develop accurate and reliable paper-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, we highlighted how to take advantage of paper for designing smart configurations by integrating different analytical processes in an eco-designed analytical tool, starting from the immobilization of the (bio)receptor and the reagents, through a designed sample flow along the device, until the analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjiss Seddaoui
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Colozza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED S.R.L, Via Bitonto 139, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gullo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED S.R.L, Via Bitonto 139, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Zhang W, Chen X, Xing Y, Chen J, Guo L, Huang Q, Li H, Liu H. Design and Construction of Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Gas Sensors. Molecules 2023; 29:5. [PMID: 38202588 PMCID: PMC10780131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for the ubiquitous detection of gases in complex environments is driving the design of highly specific gas sensors for the development of the Internet of Things, such as indoor air quality testing, human exhaled disease detection, monitoring gas emissions, etc. The interaction between analytes and bioreceptors can described as a "lock-and-key", in which the specific catalysis between enzymes and gas molecules provides a new paradigm for the construction of high-sensitivity and -specificity gas sensors. The electrochemical method has been widely used in gas detection and in the design and construction of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors, in which the specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is determined by a specific functional domain or recognition interface, which is the active site of the enzyme that can specifically catalyze the gas reaction, and the electrode-solution interface, where the chemical reaction occurs, respectively. As a result, the engineering design of the enzyme electrode interface is crucial in the process of designing and constructing enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. In this review, we summarize the design of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. We particularly focus on the main concepts of enzyme electrodes and the selection and design of materials, as well as the immobilization of enzymes and construction methods. Furthermore, we discuss the fundamental factors that affect electron transfer at the enzyme electrode interface for electrochemical gas sensors and the challenges and opportunities related to the design and construction of these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Lanpeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Huayao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Application, Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute of HUST, 1085 Meiquan Road, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
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7
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Patyal M, Verma D, Kaur K, Gupta N, Malik AK. Development of a novel green catalyzed nanostructured Cu(II) macrocyclic complex-based disposable electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of bisphenol A in environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122420. [PMID: 37611790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BPA is an endocrine disruptor and the leading environmental pollutant due to its use as raw material in industries. Therefore, the present work reports the sensitive, efficient, and disposable electrochemical paper-based SPE for determining the BPA sensor using an amide-based macrocyclic complex (nanostructured complex of copper acetate with macrocyclic ligand, i.e., CuL (CH3COO)2) synthesized using Citrus limon (lemon) extract via sonication for the first time. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical analyses have been characterized by mass spectroscopy, FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM-EDX, elemental mapping and electrochemical techniques. The sensor platform for detecting BPA was fabricated by simple drop-casting on the disposable paper-based SPE using macrocyclic complex, i.e., CuL (CH3COO)2/SPE. After optimizing the conditions, CuL (CH3COO)2/SPE electrode was employed for determining BPA via CV with a wide linear range of 31 × 10-9 μM-0.205 μM, low LOD of 0.027 nM, and high sensitivity of 49.71 μA (log nM)-1 cm-2 having correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.976 which is quite better in compared to other reported SPE sensor for detection of BPA. Further, our sensor also showed good selectivity and reproducibility, in addition to detecting BPA in environmental samples (tube well water, river water and drain water) with acceptable recoveries and RSDs values. In this work, the combination of macrocyclic complex and paper-based SPE has turned out to be a cost-effective electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Patyal
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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8
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Benjamin SR, de Lima F, Nascimento VAD, de Andrade GM, Oriá RB. Advancement in Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensing and Emerging Diagnostic Methods. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:689. [PMID: 37504088 PMCID: PMC10377443 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of electrochemical detection techniques in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) has revolutionized point-of-care (POC) testing, enabling the precise and discerning measurement of a diverse array of (bio)chemical analytes. The application of electrochemical sensing and paper as a suitable substrate for point-of-care testing platforms has led to the emergence of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The inherent advantages of these modified paper-based analytical devices have gained significant recognition in the POC field. In response, electrochemical biosensors assembled from paper-based materials have shown great promise for enhancing sensitivity and improving their range of use. In addition, paper-based platforms have numerous advantageous characteristics, including the self-sufficient conveyance of liquids, reduced resistance, minimal fabrication cost, and environmental friendliness. This study seeks to provide a concise summary of the present state and uses of ePADs with insightful commentary on their practicality in the field. Future developments in ePADs biosensors include developing novel paper-based systems, improving system performance with a novel biocatalyst, and combining the biosensor system with other cutting-edge tools such as machine learning and 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cearà, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cearà, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cearà, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cearà, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Barreto Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Cearà, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil
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Kummari S, Panicker LR, Rao Bommi J, Karingula S, Sunil Kumar V, Mahato K, Goud KY. Trends in Paper-Based Sensing Devices for Clinical and Environmental Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040420. [PMID: 37185495 PMCID: PMC10135896 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sampath Karingula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venisheety Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal 506015, Telangana, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kotagiri Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
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10
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Fiore L, Sinha A, Seddaoui N, di Biasio J, Ricci F, Stojanovic GM, Arduini F. Paper card-like electrochemical platform as a smart point-of-care device for reagent-free glucose measurement in tears. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4300-4303. [PMID: 36928485 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This communication describes the development of polyvinyl chloride electrochemical system in which a paper layer loaded with reagents is inserted into the device, demonstrating a new concept of a paper card-like pad for a reagent-free and easy measurement of the target analyte in solution. This device detects glucose in artificial tears in the range of 0.2-2 mM with a detection limit of 50 μM by simply adding the artificial tears to the paper card-like pad. The novel configuration goes beyond the state of the art, widening the application range of paper in the design of smart analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy. .,SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ankita Sinha
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Narjiss Seddaoui
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Jessica di Biasio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Federico Ricci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of experimental medicine and surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Goran M Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy. .,SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, Rome 00133, Italy
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Holman JB, Shi Z, Fadahunsi AA, Li C, Ding W. Advances on microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108093. [PMID: 36603801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of the first electrochemical devices on paper substrates, many different reports of microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices (μPEDs), innovative hydrophobic barriers and electrode fabrication processes have allowed the incorporation of diverse materials, resulting in different applications and a boost in performance. These advancements have led to the creation of paper-based devices with comparable performance to many standard conventional devices, with the added benefits of pumpless fluidic transport, component separation and reagent storage that can be exploited to automate and handle sample preprocessing. Herein, we review μPEDs, summarize the characteristics and functionalities of μPEDs, such as separation, fluid flow control and storage, and outline the conventional and emerging fabrication and modification approaches for μPEDs. We also examine the recent application of μPEDs in biomedicine, the environment, and food and water safety, as well as some limitations and challenges that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhengdi Shi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Adeola A Fadahunsi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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12
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Ozefe F, Arslan Yildiz A. Fabrication and development of a microfluidic paper-based immunosorbent assay platform (μPISA) for colorimetric detection of hepatitis C. Analyst 2023; 148:898-905. [PMID: 36688900 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidics is an emerging analysis tool used in various applications, especially in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic applications, due to its advantages over other types of microfluidic devices in terms of simplicity in both production and operation, cost-effectiveness, rapid response time, low sample consumption, biocompatibility, and ease of disposal. Recently, various techniques have been developed and utilized for the fabrication of paper-based microfluidics, such as photolithography, micro-embossing, wax and PDMS printing, etc. In this study, we offer a fabrication methodology for a microfluidic paper-based immunosorbent assay (μPISA) platform and the detection of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) was carried out to validate this platform. A laser ablation technique was utilized to form hydrophobic barriers easily and rapidly, which was the major advantage of the developed fabrication methodology. The characterization of the μPISA platform was performed in terms of micro-channel properties using bright-field (BF) microscopy, and surface properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the same time, sample volume and liquid handling capacity were analyzed quantitatively. Ablation speed (S) and laser power (P) were optimized, and it was shown that one combination (10P60S) provided minimal deviation in micro-channel dimensions and prevented deterioration of hydrophobic barriers. Also, the minimum hydrophobic barrier width, which prevents cross-barrier bleeding, was determined to be 255.92 ± 10.01 μm. Furthermore, colorimetric HCV NS3 detection was implemented to optimize and validate the μPISA platform. Here, HCV NS3 in both PBS and human blood plasma was successfully detected by the naked eye at concentrations as low as 1 ng mL-1 and 10 ng mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the limit of detection (LoD) values for HCV NS3 were acquired as 0.796 ng mL-1 in PBS and 2.203 ng mL-1 in human blood plasma with a turnaround time of 90 min. In comparison with conventional ELISA, highly sensitive and rapid HCV NS3 detection was accomplished colorimetrically on the developed μPISA platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozefe
- İzmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- İzmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Kumar V, Kim H, Pandey B, James TD, Yoon J, Anslyn EV. Recent advances in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents: a legacy of the 21st century. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:663-704. [PMID: 36546880 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are among the most prominent threats to the human population, our peace, and social stability. Therefore, their detection and quantification are of utmost importance to ensure the security and protection of mankind. In recent years, significant developments have been made in supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular sensors, which have improved our capability to detect CWAs. Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors are attractive tools that allow the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of the potential presence of CWAs, where suitable combinations of selective recognition and transduction can be integrated. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion on recently reported molecular sensors with a specific focus on the sensing of each class of CWAs such as nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, and other toxicants. We will also discuss the current technology used by military forces, and these discussions will include the type of instrumentation and established protocols. Finally, we will conclude this review with our outlook on the limitations and challenges in the area and summarize the potential of promising avenues for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process and Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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14
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Zhang J, Chen M, Peng Y, Li S, Han D, Ren S, Qin K, Li S, Han T, Wang Y, Gao Z. Wearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10318. [PMID: 36684114 PMCID: PMC9842037 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue causes deleterious effects to physical and mental health of human being and may cause loss of lives. Therefore, the adverse effects of fatigue on individuals and the society are massive. With the ever-increasing frequency of overtraining among modern military and sports personnel, timely, portable and accurate fatigue diagnosis is essential to avoid fatigue-induced accidents. However, traditional detection methods require complex sample preparation and blood sampling processes, which cannot meet the timeliness and portability of fatigue diagnosis. With the development of flexible materials and biosensing technology, wearable biosensors have attracted increased attention to the researchers. Wearable biosensors collect biomarkers from noninvasive biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, and tears, followed by biosensing with the help of biosensing modules continuously and quantitatively. The detection signal can then be transmitted through wireless communication modules that constitute a method for real-time understanding of abnormality. Recent developments of wearable biosensors are focused on miniaturized wearable electrochemistry and optical biosensors for metabolites detection, of which, few have exhibited satisfactory results in medical diagnosis. However, detection performance limits the wide-range applicability of wearable fatigue diagnosis. In this article, the application of wearable biosensors in fatigue diagnosis has been discussed. In fact, exploration of the composition of different biofluids and their potential toward fatigue diagnosis have been discussed here for the very first time. Moreover, discussions regarding the current bottlenecks in wearable fatigue biosensors and the latest advancements in biochemical reaction and data communication modules have been incorporated herein. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities were discussed for wearable fatigue diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Kang Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Tie Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine Tianjin P.R. China
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15
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Kuswandi B, Hidayat MA, Noviana E. Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Safety Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1088. [PMID: 36551055 PMCID: PMC9775995 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, foodborne pathogens and other food contaminants are among the major contributors to human illnesses and even deaths worldwide. There is a growing need for improvements in food safety globally. However, it is a challenge to detect and identify these harmful analytes in a rapid, sensitive, portable, and user-friendly manner. Recently, researchers have paid attention to the development of paper-based electrochemical biosensors due to their features and promising potential for food safety analysis. The use of paper in electrochemical biosensors offers several advantages such as device miniaturization, low sample consumption, inexpensive mass production, capillary force-driven fluid flow, and capability to store reagents within the pores of the paper substrate. Various paper-based electrochemical biosensors have been developed to enable the detection of foodborne pathogens and other contaminants that pose health hazards to humans. In this review, we discussed several aspects of the biosensors including different device designs (e.g., 2D and 3D devices), fabrication techniques, and electrode modification approaches that are often optimized to generate measurable signals for sensitive detection of analytes. The utilization of different nanomaterials for the modification of electrode surface to improve the detection of analytes via enzyme-, antigen/antibody-, DNA-, aptamer-, and cell-based bioassays is also described. Next, we discussed the current applications of the sensors to detect food contaminants such as foodborne pathogens, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, allergens, and heavy metals. Most of the electrochemical paper analytical devices (e-PADs) reviewed are small and portable, and therefore are suitable for field applications. Lastly, e-PADs are an excellent platform for food safety analysis owing to their user-friendliness, low cost, sensitivity, and a high potential for customization to meet certain analytical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Kuswandi
- Chemo and Biosensors Group, Faculty of Farmasi, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Amrun Hidayat
- Chemo and Biosensors Group, Faculty of Farmasi, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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16
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de Brito Ayres L, Brooks J, Whitehead K, Garcia CD. Rapid Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Using Paper-Derived Electrochemical Biosensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16847-16854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Brito Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jordan Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristi Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, South Carolina, United States
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, South Carolina, United States
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17
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Robler SK, Coco L, Krumm M. Telehealth solutions for assessing auditory outcomes related to noise and ototoxic exposures in clinic and research. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:1737. [PMID: 36182272 DOI: 10.1121/10.0013706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 1.5 billion people globally have some decline in hearing ability throughout their lifetime. Many causes for hearing loss are preventable, such as that from exposure to noise and chemicals. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 50% of individuals 12-25 years old are at risk of hearing loss due to recreational noise exposure. In the occupational setting, an estimated 16% of disabling hearing loss is related to occupational noise exposure, highest in developing countries. Ototoxicity is another cause of acquired hearing loss. Audiologic assessment is essential for monitoring hearing health and for the diagnosis and management of hearing loss and related disorders (e.g., tinnitus). However, 44% of the world's population is considered rural and, consequently, lacks access to quality hearing healthcare. Therefore, serving individuals living in rural and under-resourced areas requires creative solutions. Conducting hearing assessments via telehealth is one such solution. Telehealth can be used in a variety of contexts, including noise and ototoxic exposure monitoring, field testing in rural and low-resource settings, and evaluating auditory outcomes in large-scale clinical trials. This overview summarizes current telehealth applications and practices for the audiometric assessment, identification, and monitoring of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kleindienst Robler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Laura Coco
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Mark Krumm
- Department of Hearing Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
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18
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Loew N, Shitanda I, Goto H, Watanabe H, Mikawa T, Tsujimura S, Itagaki M. High-performance paper-based biocathode fabricated by screen-printing an improved mesoporous carbon ink and by oriented immobilization of bilirubin oxidase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14649. [PMID: 36030337 PMCID: PMC9420125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a paper-based, screen-printed biofuel cell with mesoporous MgO-templated carbon (MgOC) electrodes was improved in two steps. First, a small amount of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the MgOC ink. Next, the cathode was modified with bilirubin prior to immobilizing the bilirubin oxidase (BOD). The CMC increased the accessibility of the mesopores of the MgOC, and subsequently, the performance of both the bioanode and biocathode. CMC also likely increased the stability of the electrodes. The pre-modification with bilirubin improved the orientation of the BOD, which facilitated direct electron transfer. With these two steps, an open circuit potential of 0.65 V, a maximal current density of 1.94 mA cm−2, and a maximal power density of 465 μW cm−2 was achieved with lactate oxidase as bioanode enzyme and lactate as fuel. This is one of the highest reported performances for a biofuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noya Loew
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Shitanda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. .,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Himeka Goto
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hikari Watanabe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mikawa
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seiya Tsujimura
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Division of Materials Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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19
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An origami paper-based electrochemical biosensing platform for quality control of agri-food waste in the valorization strategy. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:311. [PMID: 35920941 PMCID: PMC9349161 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for food and the need for a sustainability vision in the agri-food sector have boosted novel approaches for food management, enhancing the valorization of wastes and by-products belonging to the food industry. Herein, we present a novel paper-based origami device to assess the amount of both glucosinolate and glucose in a food waste product belonging to Brassicaceae plants, to evaluate the quality value and the correct management of waste samples. The device has been designed as an origami paper-based platform constituted of two paper-based biosensors to work synergistically in a multiplexed detection. In detail, a monoenzymatic biosensor and a bienzymatic biosensor were configured for the detection of glucose and glucosinolates, respectively, using filter paper pads preloaded with glucose oxidase and/or myrosinase. To complete the paper-based platform, the enzyme-preloaded pads were combined with office paper-based electrodes modified with Carbon black/Prussian Blue nanoparticles for the measurement of enzymatic by-product at a low applied potential (i.e., 0 V versus Ag/AgCl). Overall, this paper-based platform measured glucose and glucosinolate (i.e., sinigrin) with a linear range up to 2.5 and 1.5 mM, and detection limits of 0.05 and 0.07 mM, respectively. The repeatability corresponded to an RSD% equal to 5% by testing 10 mM of glucose, and 10% by testing 1 mM of sinigrin. The accuracy of the developed multiplex device was evaluated by recovery studies at two different levels of sinigrin, i.e., 0.25 and 0.5 mM, obtaining recoveries values equal to (111 ± 3) % and (86 ± 1) %, respectively. The multiplex detection of both glucose and glucosinolate in Brassicaceae samples evaluates the quality values of the waste sample, ensuring the quality of the re-used food product waste by using an eco-designed analytical tool. The combination of paper-based devices for quality control of food waste with the re-use of these food products represents a sustainable approach that perfectly matches sustainable agrifood practices as well as the overall approach of the circular economy.
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20
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Wang X, Liu Y, Cheng H, Ouyang X. Surface Wettability for Skin-Interfaced Sensors and Devices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2200260. [PMID: 36176721 PMCID: PMC9514151 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The practical applications of skin-interfaced sensors and devices in daily life hinge on the rational design of surface wettability to maintain device integrity and achieve improved sensing performance under complex hydrated conditions. Various bio-inspired strategies have been implemented to engineer desired surface wettability for varying hydrated conditions. Although the bodily fluids can negatively affect the device performance, they also provide a rich reservoir of health-relevant information and sustained energy for next-generation stretchable self-powered devices. As a result, the design and manipulation of the surface wettability are critical to effectively control the liquid behavior on the device surface for enhanced performance. The sensors and devices with engineered surface wettability can collect and analyze health biomarkers while being minimally affected by bodily fluids or ambient humid environments. The energy harvesters also benefit from surface wettability design to achieve enhanced performance for powering on-body electronics. In this review, we first summarize the commonly used approaches to tune the surface wettability for target applications toward stretchable self-powered devices. By considering the existing challenges, we also discuss the opportunities as a small fraction of potential future developments, which can lead to a new class of skin-interfaced devices for use in digital health and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yangchengyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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21
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Deroco PB, Wachholz Junior D, Kubota LT. Paper‐based Wearable Electrochemical Sensors: a New Generation of Analytical Devices. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Batista Deroco
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic (INCTBio) Brazil
| | - Dagwin Wachholz Junior
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic (INCTBio) Brazil
| | - Lauro Tatsuo Kubota
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic (INCTBio) Brazil
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22
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A paper-based electrochemical device for the detection of pesticides in aerosol phase inspired by nature: A flower-like origami biosensor for precision agriculture. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Carbon-black combined with TiO2 and KuQ as sustainable photosystem for a reliable self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensor. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Yeon SY, Seo M, Kim Y, Hong H, Chung TD. Paper-based electrochromic glucose sensor with polyaniline on indium tin oxide nanoparticle layer as the optical readout. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Zhang H, Li X, Zhu Q, Wang Z. The recent development of nanomaterials enhanced paper-based electrochemical analytical devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Ma X, Lv M, Du F, Wu C, Lou B, Zeid AM, Xu G. Dimeric G-Quadruplex: An Efficient Probe for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Detection of Mustard Compounds. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4112-4118. [PMID: 35196002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some mustard compounds (mustards) are highly toxic chemical warfare agents. Some are explored as new anticancer drugs. Therefore, the fast, selective, and sensitive detection of mustards is extremely important for public security and cancer therapy. Mustards mostly target the N7 position on the guanine bases of DNA. The guanine-rich G-quadruplex DNA (G4) has been widely studied in the sensing area, and it was found that dimeric G4 (D-G4) could dramatically light up the fluorescence intensity of thioflavin T (ThT). Based on this, we used for the first time the D-G4 DNA as a selective probe for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of nitrogen mustard (NM). When NM occupies the N7 on guanine, it can block the formation of the D-G4 structure due to the steric hindrance, and hence, it inhibits the combination of D-G4 with ThT, leading to a sharp decrease of fluorescence intensity. The proposed reaction mechanism is proved using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Herein, the concentration of D-G4/ThT used is as low as 50 nM due to its highly fluorescent performance, enabling both high sensitivity and low cost. NM can be detected with a wide linear range from 10 to 2000 nM. The detection limit of NM reaches a surprisingly low concentration of 6 nM, which is 2 or 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of previously developed fluorescence methods for mustards and simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Fangxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Cunqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Abdallah M Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China.,Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
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27
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Heinsohn NK, Niedl RR, Anielski A, Lisdat F, Beta C. Electrophoretic µPAD for Purification and Analysis of DNA Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:62. [PMID: 35200323 PMCID: PMC8869226 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Katharina Heinsohn
- InventicsDx GmbH, Magnusstrasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (R.R.N.); (A.A.)
- Biological Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Anielski
- InventicsDx GmbH, Magnusstrasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (R.R.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedical Technologies, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Biological Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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28
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A novel l-cysteine sensor using in-situ electropolymerization of l-cysteine: Potential to simple and selective detection. Talanta 2022; 237:122983. [PMID: 34736703 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an all-in-one origami paper-based electrochemical platform for simple and inexpensive l-cysteine (Cys) detection using Cys as a monomer for modifying electrode surfaces. The proposed method combines the steps of electropolymerization and detection into a single device to offer a highly convenient method for the end-user. In comparison, the sensitivity toward Cys detection is a significantly increased using this modified electrode. The developed device provided a linear concentration range of 10-800 μM with a limit of detection of 5.5 μM. For application, the device was successfully applied to detect Cys in different food products such as wheat flour, bread, and cake with satisfactory results, yielding excellent intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (1.5-4.9%) and recoveries (84.2-110.8%). This discovery is important from the viewpoint of the development of Cys detection in other applications in the future.
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29
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Sun J, Li C, Shan W, Wei Y, Liu R, Li H, Cao D, Guo Q, Zhao H, Liu R, Shao B. Construction of a Degradation-Free DNA Conjugated Nanoprobe and Its Application in Rapid Field Screening for Sulfur Mustard. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16735-16740. [PMID: 34874160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a notorious blistering chemical warfare agent. Rapid field screening for trace SM is of vital significance for the detection of antiterrorism and timely treatment. Here, a visual assay for SM was constructed on the basis of its inhibition for the G-quadruplexes/hemin DNAzyme. Specifically, multiple guanine (G)-rich single stranded oligonucleotides (ssODN) named S1 (80% of G in the total bases), i.e., the precursor for G-quadruplex, which could oxide tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to its green product, were conjugated on the nonfouling polymer brush grafted magnetic beads (MB@P(C-H)). SM could specifically alkylate the N7 and O6 sites of G in the S1; thus, it failed to form the DNAzyme based signal reporter. It was demonstrated that the nonfouling P(C-H) interface on the magnetic bead (MB) could protect the conjugated ssODN from nuclease degradation, thus ensuring its well sensing performance in complex samples. Under the optimized conditions, this method achieved good sensitivity and selectivity with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.26 μmol L-1, and the recoveries ranging from 86% to 117% were obtained for different SM spiked real samples. Above all, this method combining low cost and ready operation could be suited for rapid field SM screening in a wide range of environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Chunzheng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenchong Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500AE, Netherlands
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Huachao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Runqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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30
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Koukouviti E, Kokkinos C. 3D printed enzymatic microchip for multiplexed electrochemical biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:339114. [PMID: 34756268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The low-cost e-fabrication of specialized multianalyte biosensors within the point-of-care (POC) settings in a few minutes remains a great challenge. Unlike prefabricated biosensors, 3D printing seems to be able to meet this challenge, empowering the end user with the freedom to create on-demand devices adapted to immediate bioanalytical need. Here, we describe a novel miniature all-3D-printed 4-electrode biochip, capable of the simultaneous determination of different biomarkers in a single assay. The chip is utterly fabricated via an one-step 3D printing process and it is connected to a mini portable bi-potentiostant, permitting simultaneous measurements. The bioanalytical capability of the microchip is demonstrated through the simultaneous amperometric determination of two cardiac biomarkers (cholesterol and choline) in the same blood droplet, via enzymatic assays developed on its two tiny integrated electrodes. The simultaneous determination of cholesterol and choline is free from cross-talk phenomena and interferences offering limits of detection much lower than the cut-off levels of these biomarkers in blood for coronary syndromes. The biodevice is an easy-constructed, low-cost, sensitive and e-transferable POC chip with wide scope of applicability to other enzymatic bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Koukouviti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece.
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31
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Beaver K, Dantanarayana A, Minteer SD. Materials Approaches for Improving Electrochemical Sensor Performance. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11820-11834. [PMID: 34677956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have emerged as important diagnostic tools in recent years, due to their simplicity and ease of use. Compared to instrumental analysis methods that use complicated experimental and data analysis techniques─such as mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), spectrophotometric methods, and chromatography─electrochemical sensors show promise for use in a wide range of real-time and in situ applications such as pharmaceutical testing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. In order to identify analytes in complex and/or biological samples, materials used for both the electrode materials and the chemically selective layer have been evolving throughout the years for optimizing the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors to increase sensitivity, selectivity and linear range. In this Perspective, attention will be focused on different types of materials that have been used for electrochemical sensing, including new combinations of well-studied materials as well as novel strategies to enhance the performance of sensing devices. The Perspective will also discuss existing challenges in the field and future strategies for addressing those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ashwini Dantanarayana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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32
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Colozza N, Tazzioli S, Sassolini A, Agosta L, di Monte MG, Hermansson K, Arduini F. Vertical-Flow Paper Sensor for On-Site and Prompt Evaluation of Chloride Contamination in Concrete Structures. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14369-14374. [PMID: 34669396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion occurring in reinforced concrete has turned into a primary concern of the current century, concrete being the most ubiquitous and predominant material used in the construction industry. Among the many interrelated processes that trigger corrosion of metallic reinforcements, the penetration of chloride ions into the concrete matrix is the most insidious threat. Herein, we developed the first electrochemical device entirely made of paper that allows for the direct, prompt, and noninvasive evaluation of free chloride ion contamination in concrete-based constructions. Our device is based on a three-layer wax-modified filter paper, consisting of two Ag/AgCl screen-printed electrodes that are interfaced by a junction pad in a sandwich-like configuration. Filter paper allows for generating a vertical-flow potentiometric device capable of measuring the electrochemical potential between two solutions containing different concentrations of chloride ions, which are separately drop-cast on the top and bottom layers. After demonstrating the analytical performance of the device, the same principle was applied to the evaluation of the chloride contents in different concrete samples, exploiting paper as a suitable interfacing material for potentiometric measurements on the cement solid surface. Laboratory-prepared concrete samples with known chloride contents were first assessed, and then, the paper-based vertical-flow device was applied to real concrete structures at the Giacomo Manzù Museum (Ardea, Italy) for the evaluation of chloride contamination caused by the proximity to the seaside. The capability of our device to provide timely warning of the risk conditions of concrete-based artifacts was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Colozza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Tazzioli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Agosta
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 538, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Giuseppina di Monte
- Director of Museo Giacomo Manzù (Ardea), Direzione Regionale Musei Lazio, Piazza San Marco 49, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Kersti Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 538, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.,SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, 00128 Rome, Italy
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33
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Origami Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors: State of the Art and Perspective. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090328. [PMID: 34562920 PMCID: PMC8467589 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, paper-based electrochemical biosensors have gathered attention from the scientific community for their unique advantages and sustainability vision. The use of papers in the design the electrochemical biosensors confers to these analytical tools several interesting features such as the management of the solution flow without external equipment, the fabrication of reagent-free devices exploiting the porosity of the paper to store the reagents, and the unprecedented capability to detect the target analyte in gas phase without any sampling system. Furthermore, cost-effective fabrication using printing technologies, including wax and screen-printing, combined with the use of this eco-friendly substrate and the possibility of reducing waste management after measuring by the incineration of the sensor, designate these type of sensors as eco-designed analytical tools. Additionally, the foldability feature of the paper has been recently exploited to design and fabricate 3D multifarious biosensors, which are able to detect different target analytes by using enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers, and cells as biocomponents. Interestingly, the 3D structure has recently boosted the self-powered paper-based biosensors, opening new frontiers in origami devices. This review aims to give an overview of the current state origami paper-based biosensors, pointing out how the foldability of the paper allows for the development of sensitive, selective, and easy-to-use smart and sustainable analytical devices.
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34
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Rovira M, Fernández-Sánchez C, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Hybrid Technologies Combining Solid-State Sensors and Paper/Fabric Fluidics for Wearable Analytical Devices. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 34562893 PMCID: PMC8467283 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools for measuring a wide spectrum of target analytes, from biomarkers to other biochemical parameters in biological fluids, has experienced a significant growth in the last decades, with a good number of such tools entering the market. Recently, a clear focus has been put on miniaturized wearable devices, which offer powerful capabilities for real-time and continuous analysis of biofluids, mainly sweat, and can be used in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare applications. Sweat is an attractive biofluid in which different biomarkers could be noninvasively measured to provide rapid information about the physical state of an individual. Wearable devices reported so far often provide discrete (single) measurements of the target analytes, most of them in the form of a yes/no qualitative response. However, quantitative biomarker analysis over certain periods of time is highly demanded for many applications such as the practice of sports or the precise control of the patient status in hospital settings. For this, a feasible combination of fluidic elements and sensor architectures has been sought. In this regard, this paper shows a concise overview of analytical tools based on the use of capillary-driven fluidics taking place on paper or fabric devices integrated with solid-state sensors fabricated by thick film technologies. The main advantages and limitations of the current technologies are pointed out together with the progress towards the development of functional devices. Those approaches reported in the last decade are examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rovira
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - César Fernández-Sánchez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
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35
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Zou X, Ji Y, Li H, Wang Z, Shi L, Zhang S, Wang T, Gong Z. Recent advances of environmental pollutants detection via paper-based sensing strategy. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1818-1836. [PMID: 34342392 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paper has become one of the most promising substrates for building low-cost and powerful sensing platforms due to its self-pumping ability and compatibility with multiple patterning methods. Paper-based sensors have been greatly developed in the field of environmental monitoring. In this review, we introduced the research and application of paper-based sensors in environmental monitoring, focusing on the deposition and patterning methods of building paper-based sensors, and summarized the applications of detecting environmental pollutants, including metal ions, anions, explosives, neurotoxins, volatile organic compounds, and small molecules. In addition, the development prospects and challenges of promoting paper-based sensors are also discussed. The current review will provide references for the construction of portable paper-based sensors, and has implications for the field of on-site real-time detection of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zou
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yayun Ji
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hangzhou Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoli Wang
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhong Shi
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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36
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Thiyagarajan K, Rajini GK, Maji D. Flexible, Highly Sensitive Paper-Based Screen Printed MWCNT/PDMS Composite Breath Sensor for Human Respiration Monitoring. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:13985-13995. [PMID: 35789076 PMCID: PMC8768993 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2020.3040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement and monitoring of respiration is vital in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with severe chronic diseases and pneumonia need continuous respiration monitoring and oxygenation support. Existing respiratory sensing techniques require direct contact with the human body along with expensive and heavy Holter monitors for continuous real-time monitoring. In this work, we propose a low-cost, non-invasive and reliable paper-based wearable screen printed sensor for human respiration monitoring as an effective alternative of existing sensing systems. The proposed sensor was fabricated using traditional screen printing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite based interdigitated electrodes on paper substrate. The paper substrate was used as humidity sensing material of the sensor. The hygroscopic nature of paper during inhalation and exhalation causes a change in dielectric constant, which in turn changes the capacitance of the sensor. The composite interdigitated electrode configuration exhibited better response times with a rise time of 1.178s being recorded during exhalation and fall time of 0.88s during inhalation periods. The respiration rate of sensor was successfully examined under various breathing conditions such as normal breathing, deep breathing, workout, oral breathing, nasal breathing, fast breathing and slow breathing by employing it in a wearable mask, a mandatory wearable product during the current COVID-19 pandemic situation.Thus, the above proposed sensor may hold tremendous potential in wearable/flexible healthcare technology with good sensitivity, stability, biodegradability and flexibility at this time of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Thiyagarajan
- School of Electrical EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632 014India
| | - G. K. Rajini
- School of Electrical EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632 014India
| | - Debashis Maji
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical TechnologySchool of Electronics EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632 014India
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37
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Noviana E, Ozer T, Carrell CS, Link JS, McMahon C, Jang I, Henry CS. Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11835-11885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
| | - Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 34220
| | - Cody S. Carrell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea 04763
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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38
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Flores-Hernandez DR, Santamaria-Garcia VJ, Melchor-Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Bonilla-Rios J. Paper and Other Fibrous Materials-A Complete Platform for Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:128. [PMID: 33919464 PMCID: PMC8143474 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) and Electrospun Fiber-Based Biosensors (EFBs) have aroused the interest of the academy and industry due to their affordability, sensitivity, ease of use, robustness, being equipment-free, and deliverability to end-users. These features make them suitable to face the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, monitoring, environmental, and quality food control applications. Our work introduces new and experienced researchers in the field to a practical guide for fibrous-based biosensors fabrication with insight into the chemical and physical interaction of fibrous materials with a wide variety of materials for functionalization and biofunctionalization purposes. This research also allows readers to compare classical and novel materials, fabrication techniques, immobilization methods, signal transduction, and readout. Moreover, the examined classical and alternative mathematical models provide a powerful tool for bioanalytical device designing for the multiple steps required in biosensing platforms. Finally, we aimed this research to comprise the current state of PADs and EFBs research and their future direction to offer the reader a full insight on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Bonilla-Rios
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (D.R.F.-H.); (V.J.S.-G.); (E.M.M.-M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (R.P.-S.)
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Modha S, Castro C, Tsutsui H. Recent developments in flow modeling and fluid control for paper-based microfluidic biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113026. [PMID: 33545552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, researchers have shown that paper is a promising substrate for affordable biosensors. The field of paper-microfluidics has evolved rapidly in that time, with simple colorimetric assays giving way to more complex electrochemical devices that can handle multiple samples at a given time. As paper devices become more complex, the ability to precisely control different fluids simultaneously becomes a challenge. Specifically, automated flow control is a necessary attribute to make paper-based devices more useable in resource-limited settings. Flow control strategies on paper are typically developed experimentally through trial-and-error, with little focus on theory. This is because flow behavior in paper is not well understood and sometimes difficult to predict precisely. Additionally, popular theoretical models are too simplistic, making them unsuitable for complex device designs and application conditions. A better understanding of flow theory would allow devices conceived straight from theoretical models. This could save time and resources by reducing experimental work. In this review, we provide an overview of different theoretical models used to characterize imbibition in paper substrates and document the latest flow control strategies that have been applied to automated fluid control on paper. Additionally, we look at current efforts to commercialize paper-based devices along with challenges facing this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Modha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Carlos Castro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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40
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Fiore L, Mazzaracchio V, Galloni P, Sabuzi F, Pezzola S, Matteucci G, Moscone D, Arduini F. A paper-based electrochemical sensor for H 2O 2 detection in aerosol phase: Measure of H 2O 2 nebulized by a reconverted ultrasonic aroma diffuser as a case of study. Microchem J 2021; 166:106249. [PMID: 33840838 PMCID: PMC8020605 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 is caused by high contagiousness and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus between people when an infected person is in close contact with another one. In this overall scenario, the disinfection processes have been largely improved. For instance, some countries have approved no-touch technologies by vaporizing disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide, with the overriding goal to boost the safety of the places. In the era of sustainability, we designed an electrochemical paper-based device for the assessment of hydrogen peroxide nebulized by a cost-effective ultrasonic aroma diffuser. The paper-based sensor was fabricated by modifying via drop-casting a filter paper-based screen-printed electrode with a dispersion of carbon black-Prussian Blue nanocomposite, to assess the detection of hydrogen peroxide at −0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl. The use of paper-based modified screen-printed electrode loaded with phosphate buffer allowed for monitoring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in aerosol, without any additional sampling instrument to capture the nebulized solution of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration up to 7% w/w. Hydrogen peroxide, a reconverted ultrasonic aroma diffuser, and the paper-based electrochemical sensor assisted by smartphone have demonstrated how different low-cost technologies are able to supply an useful and cost-effective solution for disinfection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Pezzola
- BT-INNOVACHEM, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | | | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, Rome 00128, Italy
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41
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Li G, Wen D. Wearable biochemical sensors for human health monitoring: sensing materials and manufacturing technologies. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3423-3436. [PMID: 32022089 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wearable biochemical sensors are of great interest nowadays due to their powerful potential in personalized medicine and continuous monitoring of human health. Thus, a great deal of effort has been put into the development of such sensors to enable real-time and non-invasive quantification of various chemical constituents in the human body such as sweat, saliva, and tears. Owing to the advances in materials science and mechanical engineering, wearable biochemical sensors have been developed to probe various biomarkers and have been subsequently considered as wearable electronic devices for practical applications. In this review, we present a broad overview on the recent advances in electrochemical wearable sensors towards various organic components and ions closely linked to human health. With an emphasis on materials and manufacturing technologies of the sensing electrodes, the research status is summarized, and the challenges and opportunities in this growing field are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
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42
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Xing Y, Liu J, Sun S, Ming T, Wang Y, Luo J, Xiao G, Li X, Xie J, Cai X. New electrochemical method for programmed death-ligand 1 detection based on a paper-based microfluidic aptasensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107789. [PMID: 33677221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is considered a referenced therapeutic biomarker, a rapid and low-cost method to detect PD-L1 in body fluids is necessary. In this work, a paper-based microfluidic aptasensor for label-free electrochemical detection of PD-L1 in liquids was fabricated. The aptasensor integrates a reaction cell and a three-electrode system, and a differential pulse voltammetry electrochemical method was adopted. PD-L1 aptamer with a low equilibrium dissociation constant was used as a biorecognition molecule. To bind the aptamer and assist in the electrochemical measurement, nanocomposites were synthesized and used to modify the working electrode, which was composed of an amine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube, new methylene blue and gold nanoparticles. The basic performance of the aptasensor was tested in phosphate-buffered saline: the linear range was between 10 pg mL-1 and 2.5 ng mL-1, and the detection limit was 10 pg mL-1 (signal/noise = 3). Moreover, the aptasensor was used for the detection of serum samples and compared with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the aptasensor provides a new low-cost, portable and highly sensitive detection method for PD-L1, as an alternative to ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Juntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tao Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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43
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Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:51. [PMID: 33669316 PMCID: PMC7920281 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.
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44
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45
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Islam T, Hasan MM, Awal A, Nurunnabi M, Ahammad AJS. Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing: Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Transition of Point-of-Care Testing. Molecules 2020; 25:E5787. [PMID: 33302537 PMCID: PMC7763225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rise in public health awareness, research on point-of-care testing (POCT) has significantly advanced. Electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) are one of the most promising candidates for the future of POCT due to their quick and accurate response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for fabricating ECBs that has a potential to be used for POCT. The field has expanded remarkably from its initial enzymatic and immunosensor-based setups. This review provides a concise categorization of the ECBs to allow for a better understanding of the development process. The influence of structural aspects of MNPs in biocompatibility and effective sensor design has been explored. The advances in MNP-based ECBs for the detection of some of the most prominent cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Herceptin-2 (HER2), etc.) and small biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ECBs have been briefly discussed. Beyond that, the limitations and challenges that ECBs face in clinical applications are examined and possible pathways for overcoming these limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md. Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdul Awal
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - A. J. Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
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Baharfar M, Rahbar M, Tajik M, Liu G. Engineering strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112506. [PMID: 32823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Applications of electrochemical detection methods in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) has revolutionized the area of point-of-care (POC) testing towards highly sensitive and selective quantification of various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, low-coat, rapid, and user-friendly manner. Shortly after the initiation, these relatively new modulations of μPADs, named as electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs), gained widespread popularity within the POC research community thanks to the inherent advantages of both electrochemical sensing and usage of paper as a suitable substrate for POC testing platforms. Even though general aspects of ePADs such as applications and fabrication techniques, have already been reviewed multiple times in the literature, herein, we intend to provide a critical engineering insight into the area of ePADs by focusing particularly on the practical strategies utilized to enhance their analytical performance (i.e. sensitivity), while maintaining the desired simplicity and efficiency intact. Basically, the discussed strategies are driven by considering the parameters potentially affecting the generated electrochemical signal in the ePADs. Some of these parameters include the type of filter paper, electrode fabrication methods, electrode materials, fluid flow patterns, etc. Besides, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of ePADs are discussed, and further insights and directions for future research in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Baharfar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia.
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47
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Bordbar MM, Nguyen TA, Arduini F, Bagheri H. A paper-based colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and simultaneous determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in tap water, apple juice, and rice. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:621. [PMID: 33084996 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric paper-based sensor is proposed for the rapid monitoring of six major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. The assay was constructed by dropping gold and silver nanoparticles on the hydrophilic zones of a paper substrate. The nanoparticles were modified by L-arginine, quercetin, and polyglutamic acid. The mechanism of sensing is based on the interaction between the pesticide and the nanoparticles. The color of nanoparticles changed during the interactions. A digital camera recorded these changes. The assay provided a unique response for each studied pesticide. This method can determine six individual pesticides including carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos. The limit of detection for these pesticides were 29.0, 22.0, 32.0, 17.0, 45.0, and 36.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The assay was applied to simultaneously determine the six studied pesticides in a mixture using the partial least square method (PLS). The root mean square errors of prediction were 11, 8.7, 9.2, 10, 12, and 11 for carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The paper-based device can differentiate two types of studied pesticide (organophosphate and carbamate) as well as two types of organophosphate structures (oxon and thion). Furthermore, this sensor showed high selectivity to the pesticides in the presence of other potential species (e.g., metal ions, anions, amino acids, sugar, and vitamins). This assay is capable of determining the pesticide compounds in tap water, apple juice, and rice samples.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tien Anh Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Wang CM, Chen CY, Liao WS. Enclosed paper-based analytical devices: Concept, variety, and outlook. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1144:158-174. [PMID: 33453793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices possess desirable properties such as low cost, convenient production, and rapid output. These advantages over conventional analytical devices have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, and an abundance of fabrication techniques have been achieved with different designs. Related approaches are adopted by scientists and engineers from different research fields to create practical devices tailored for various applications. Among a diverse selection of strategies, paper-based analytical devices featuring enclosed channels can protect its contents from environmental harm, which is helpful in designing paper-based devices aimed toward practical use. However, superior properties of enclosed device designs have often been neglected when a paper-based platform is selected, and related discussion is still lacking in the field. To fill this empty space in the relevant literature, important issues are highlighted and recent research achievements are included in this article, which should have implication for scientists interested in sensing technology, analytical chemistry, material science, and miniaturized devices. For the convenience of reader's understanding, this article provides a general introduction to the basic properties and concepts of paper-based analytical devices. Firstly, commonly used fabrication strategies and detection methods are mentioned, with an in-depth emphasis on paper-based devices with enclosed channels, including breakthroughs in device types, thoughts on novel fabrication, and practical application examples. Subsequently, other important topics related to enclosed paper-based device design are summarized, and future challenges and opportunities in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Precision medicine in Alzheimer’s disease: An origami paper-based electrochemical device for cholinesterase inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Chen Y, Fan F, Fang G, Deng Q, Wang S. Fluorometric determination of tyramine by molecularly imprinted upconversion fluorescence test strip. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:573. [PMID: 32948924 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric method based on molecularly imprinted upconversion fluorescence test strip was developed for the determination of tyramine. It exploited the green fluorescence of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the specific recognition property of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). UCNPs were attached to filter paper with glue, and MIPs were prepared via in situ polymerization on the surface of UCNPs by using tyramine as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. The green fluorescence of the test strip, with excitation/emission wavelength 980/550 nm, was enhanced by tyramine. The test strip was suitable for the determination of tyramine in the linear range 1.0-100.0 mg L-1, and a relatively low limit of detection (0.2 mg L-1) was achieved. The test strip also worked well for the quantitation of tyramine in spiked red wine and mature vinegar. Recoveries are ranged from 84.9 to 99.9%. The relative standard deviations are below 5.6%. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Fenfen Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qiliang Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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