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Bai J, Jiang Y, Tan F, Zhu P, Li X, Xiong X, Wang Z, Song T, Xie B, Yang Y, Han J. Electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 gene fragments using Bi 2Se 3 topological insulator. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108748. [PMID: 38824746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have designed an electrochemical biosensor based on topological material Bi2Se3 for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic. Flake-shaped Bi2Se3 was obtained directly from high-quality single crystals using mechanical exfoliation, and the single-stranded DNA was immobilized onto it. Under optimal conditions, the peak current of the differential pulse voltammetry method exhibited a linear relationship with the logarithm of the concentration of target-complementary-stranded DNA, ranging from 1.0 × 10-15 to 1.0 × 10-11 M, with a detection limit of 3.46 × 10-16 M. The topological material Bi2Se3, with Dirac surface states, enhanced the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio of the electrochemical measurements, thereby improving the sensitivity of the sensor. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated excellent specificity in recognizing RNA. It can detect complementary RNA by amplifying and transcribing the initial DNA template, with an initial DNA template concentration ranging from 1.0 × 10-18 to 1.0 × 10-15 M. Furthermore, the sensor also effectively distinguished negative and positive results by detecting splitting-synthetic SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus with a concentration of 1 copy/μL input. Our work underscores the immense potential of the electrochemical sensing platform based on the topological material Bi2Se3 in the detection of pathogens during the rapid spread of acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Bai
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujiu Jiang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Centre of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yanbo Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junfeng Han
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ji G, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Fang Z, Wang Y, Gao Z. Transient paper-based electrochemical biosensor Fabricated by superadditive Cu-TCPP(Fe)/Mxene for Multipathway non-invasive, highly sensitive detection of Bodily metabolites. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116509. [PMID: 38914028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Current advances in non-invasive fluid diagnostics highlight unique benefits for monitoring metabolic diseases. However, the low concentrations and complex compositions of biomarkers in fluids such as sweat, urine, and saliva impose stringent demands on the sensitivity and stability of detection technologies. Here, we developed a high-sensitivity, low-cost instantaneous electrochemical sensor based on the superadditive effect mechanism of Cu-TCPP(Fe)/Mxene (MMs Paper-ECL Sensor), which has been successfully applied for the simultaneous real-time detection of glucose and uric acid. Strong interfacial interactions between Mxene and Cu-TCPP(Fe) were revealed through precise simulation calculations and multi-dimensional characterization analysis, significantly enhancing the sensor's electrocatalytic performance and reaction kinetics. Experimentally, this exceptional electrocatalytic activity was demonstrated in its unprecedented high sensitivity and wide linear detection range for glucose and uric acid, with a non-invasive linear range from 0.001 nM to 5 mM, 0.025 nM-5 mM, detection limits as low as 1.88 aM and 5.80 pM, and stability extending up to 100 days. This represents not only a breakthrough in sensitivity and stability but also provides an effective, low-cost solution that overcomes the limitations of existing electronic devices, enabling multi-channel simultaneous detection. The universality of this sensor holds vast potential for application in the field of non-invasive fluid diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Ji
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
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F Silva WR, P Monteiro LC, Senra RL, D de Araújo EN, R R Cunha RO, de O Mendes TA, S Mendes JB. A biosensor based on magnetoelastic waves for detection of antibodies in human plasma for COVID-19 serodiagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116456. [PMID: 38878694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a new efficient wireless biosensor based on magnetoelastic waves for antibody detection in human plasma, aiming at the serological diagnosis of COVID-19. The biosensor underwent functionalization with the N antigen - nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Validation analyses by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting (WB), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the selectivity and effective surface functionalization of the biosensor. The research successfully obtained, expressed and purified the recombinant antigen, while plasma samples from COVID-19 positive and negative patients were applied to test the performance of the biosensor. A performance comparison with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) method revealed equivalent diagnostic capacity. These results indicate the robustness of the biosensor in reliably differentiating between positive and negative samples, highlighting its potential as an efficient and low-cost tool for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition to being fast to execute and having the potential for automation in large-scale diagnostic studies, the biosensor fills a significant gap in existing SARS-CoV-2 detection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenderson R F Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-90, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Larissa C P Monteiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Senra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N D de Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-90, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael O R R Cunha
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-90, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago A de O Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joaquim B S Mendes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-90, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mohtasham H, Bahari D, Keihan AH, Salimi A, Mehrebani RT, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Magnetic N-doped carbon derived from mixed ligands MOF as effective electrochemiluminescence coreactor for performance enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 immunosensor. Talanta 2024; 277:126252. [PMID: 38805948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as an infectious disease with rapid transmission speed is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), so, early and accurate diagnostics of COVID-19 is quite challenging. In this work, the selective and sensitive self-enhanced ECL method to detect of SARS-CoV-2 protein was designed with magnetic N-doped carbon derived from dual-ligand metal-organic frameworks (MOF) (CoO@N-C) with the primary and tertiary amino groups as a novel coreactant that covalently combined with Ru(bpy)2(phen-NH2)2+ as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter. Mixed-ligand strategy and selected nitrogen-containing ligands, 4,4',4''-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris-(azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid (H3TATAB) with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) were used for synthesis of the proposed MOF. Also, magnetic CoO@N-C with high synergistically charge transfer kinetics and good stability can be used as an effective platform/coreactor on the ITO electrode which load more Ru-complex as signal producing compound and SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibody to increase the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Furthermore, (CoO@N-C) as coreactor improved the ECL signal of the Ru (II)-complex more than 2.1 folds compared to tripropylamine. In view of these competences, the novel "on-off" ECL biosensor performed with great stability and repeatability for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protein, which exhibited a broad linearity from 8 fg. mL-1 to 4 ng. mL-1 (6 order of magnitude) and an ultra-low limit of detection 1.6 fg. mL-1. Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied to detect of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in serum sample with satisfactory results, indicating the proposed immunosensor has the potential for quick analysis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohtasham
- Student Research Committee, Baqiytallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delnia Bahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Keihan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Reza Tarbiat Mehrebani
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang T, Gong J, Han Q, Hu W, Yan F, Liu J. Nanogold amplified electrochemiluminescence/electrochemistry in bipolar silica nanochannel array for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Talanta 2024; 277:126319. [PMID: 38805946 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The prompt and accurate point-of-care test (POCT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infected persons or virus-containing environmental samples is of great importance. The present work reports a highly integrated electrochemiluminescence/electrochemical (ECL/EC) sensor for determination of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, in which bio-recognition element (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody), bifunctional probe (tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+)), and amplification material (gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)) are designed into bipolar silica nanochannel array (bp-SNA). bp-SNA consisting of homogeneous two-layer mesoporous silica films bears inner silanol groups and outer amino groups, generating a solid "electrostatic nanocage" for stable confinement of Ru(bpy)32+ and Au NPs inside the nanochannels and further providing functional sites for covalent modification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Owing to the preconcentration capacity of bp-SNA and amplified effect of Au NPs, ECL or EC signals of Ru(bpy)32+ can be remarkably promoted and thereby increase the analytical performance, which can be diminished by immunorecognization of target SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses on the sensing interface. The developed integrated ECL/EC sensor based on Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA modified solid indium tin oxide electrode enables the sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses by ECL mode with a linear range of 50 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1, as well as the EC mode with a linear range of 100 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1. Moreover, the designed sensor showed satisfactory results in the analyses of saliva and pond water samples. When flexible electrode substate (polyethylene terephthalate) is employed, Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA has great potential to integrate with KN95 face masks for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses produced from breathing, talking and coughing processes, which could provide an efficient platform for POCT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Viter R, Tepliakova I, Drobysh M, Zbolotnii V, Rackauskas S, Ramanavicius S, Grundsteins K, Liustrovaite V, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Brazys E, Chen CF, Prentice U, Ramanavicius A. Photoluminescence-based biosensor for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins by ZnO tetrapod structure integrated within microfluidic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173333. [PMID: 38763199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports on development of an optical biosensor for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins in blood serum. ZnO nanotetrapods with high surface area and stable room temperature photoluminescence (PL) were selected as transducers. Structure and optical properties of the ZnO tetrapods have been studied by XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Crystallinity, dimensions and emission peaks of the ZnO tetrapods were determined. The ZnO tetrapods were fixed on glass chip. Silanization of ZnO tetrapods surface resulted in forming of functional surface groups suitable for the immobilization of bioselective layer. Two types of recombinant proteins (rS and rN) have been used to form bioselective layer on the surface of the ZnO tetrapods. Flow through microfluidic system, integrated with optical system, has been used for the determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins present in blood samples. The SARS-CoV-2 probes, prepared in PBS solution, have been injected into the measurement chamber with a constant pumping speed. Steady-state photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence kinetics have been studied before and after injection of the probes. The biosensor signal has been tested to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the range of 0.001 nM-1 nM. Control measurements have been performed with blood serum of healthy person. ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rS and ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rN biosensors showed high stability and sensitivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the range of 0.025-0.5 nM (LOD 0.01 nM) and 0.3-1 nM (LOD 0.3 nM), respectively. Gibbs free energy of interaction between ZnO/SARS-CoV-2-rS and ZnO/SARS-CoV-2-rN bioselective layers with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed -35.5 and -21.4 kJ/mol, respectively. Average detection time of biosensor integrated within microfluidic system was 15-20 min. The detection time and pumping speed (50 μL/min) were optimized to make detection faster. The developed system and ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rS nanostructures have good potential for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from patient's probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Iryna Tepliakova
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktor Zbolotnii
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simas Rackauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karlis Grundsteins
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Brazys
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Urte Prentice
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Wang Y, Peng Y, Liu S, Li M, Pei X, Tong Y. CRISPR/Cas12a coupled with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39158842 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is rapid, exhibits highly sensitive performance, can facilitate home self-testing and avoids cross-contamination. Herein, we developed a biosensor that combines Si-OH magnetic bead (MB)-based fast RNA extraction, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), CRISPR-Cas12a, and lateral flow assay (LFA) for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 1.5 h. In the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 LAMP amplicon, the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a was activated to cleave the probe, separating streptavidin from the AuNPs-digoxin (Dig) antibody, resulting in the inability of the test line to capture the AuNPs-Dig antibody. The method can distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other RNA viruses, with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 6.2 × 102 copies per mL. Therefore, LAMP-CRISPR-LFA has high specificity and sensitivity and is convenient to develop into commercial assay kits, which could have a broad prospect for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuer Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yadan Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Mengzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaojing Pei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Shi Y, Fan J, Li N, Lv Y, Yu S, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wu R, Shen H, Li LS. Tailored different sizes of quantum dot nanobeads for sensitive and quantitative detection based on the competition fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay platform. Talanta 2024; 276:126296. [PMID: 38795648 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Highly stable and multicolor photoluminescent (PL) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted widespread attention as ideal probe materials in the field of in vitro diagnostics (IVD), especially the fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA), due to their advantages of high-throughput, high stability, and high sensitivity. However, the size of QDs as fluorescent probes have significant effects on antigen-antibody performance. Therefore, it is critical to design suitable QDs for obtain excellent quantitative detection-based biosensors. In this paper, we prepared different sizes of aqueous QDs (30 nm, 116 nm, 219 nm, and 320 nm) as fluorescent probes to optimize the competitive FLISA platform. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NTAB) assay was used as an example, and it was found that the size of the QDs has a significant impact on the antigen-antibody binding efficiency and detection sensitivity in competitive FLISA platform. The results showed that these QD nanobeads (QBs, ∼219 nm) could be used as a labeled probe for competitive FLISA, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.34 ng/mL and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 pg/mL for NTAB detection. More importantly, the results showed good specificity and accuracy, and the QB219 probe was able to efficiently bind NTAB without interference from other substances in the serum. Given the above advantages, the nanoprobe material (∼200 nm) offers considerable potential as a competitive FLISA platform in the field of IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchao Shi
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanbing Lv
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Shenping Yu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yingli Ye
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ruili Wu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lin Song Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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9
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Baruah S, Betty CA. Point of care devices for detection of Covid-19, malaria and dengue infections: A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108704. [PMID: 38593574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Need for affordable, rapid and user-friendly point of care (POC) devices are increasing exponentially for strengthening the health care system in primary care as well as for self- monitoring in routine analysis. In addition to routine analysis of glucose, Covid-19 type fast spreading, infectious diseases have created further push for exploring rapid, cost-effective and self-monitoring diagnostic devices. Successful implementation of self-monitoring devices for Covid -19 has been realized. However, not much success has been realized for malaria and dengue which are two fatal diseases that affect the population in underdeveloped and developing countries. To monitor the presence of parasites for these diseases, rapid, onsite monitoring devices are still being explored. In this review, we present a review of the research carried out on electrochemical POC devices for monitoring infectious diseases such as Covid-19, malaria and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Baruah
- Nanoscience and Soft Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, PO: Napaam, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - C A Betty
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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10
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Yang C, Sun J, Zhang Y, Tang J, Liu Z, Zhan T, Wang DB, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang XE. Construction of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor-based biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and virions. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116171. [PMID: 38636317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report an ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 immunosensor by integration of an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT immunosensor has demonstrated the capability to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins at an impressively low concentration of 10-22 M. The sensor was also applied to pseudoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 ΔN virions that display the Spike proteins with a single virion particle sensitivity. These features validate the potential of AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors for point of care tests targeting SARS-CoV-2. This research not only provides the first HEMT biosensing platform for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianwen Sun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Jingya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Teng Zhan
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghua East Road 35A, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Dian-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628, CD Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Zewen Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advances Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Ramya PR, Halder S, Nagamani K, Singh Chouhan R, Gandhi S. Disposable graphene-oxide screen-printed electrode integrated with portable device for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108722. [PMID: 38697015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis is the need of the hour, as cases are persistently increasing, and new variants are constantly emerging. The ever-changing nature of the virus leading to multiple variants, has brought an imminent need for early, accurate and rapid detection methods. Herein, we have reported the design and fabrication of Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) with graphene oxide (GO) as working electrode and modified with specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Flexibility of design, and portable nature has made SPEs the superior choice for electrochemical analysis. The developed immunosensor can detect RBD as low as 0.83 fM with long-term storage capacity. The fabricated SPEs immunosensor was tested using a miniaturized portable device and potentiostat on 100 patient nasopharyngeal samples and corroborated with RT-PCR data, displayed 94 % sensitivity. Additionally, the in-house developed polyclonal antibodies detected RBD antigen of the mutated Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 successfully. We have not observed any cross-reactivity/binding of the fabricated immunosensor with MERS (cross-reactive antigen) and Influenza A H1N1 (antigen sharing common symptoms). Hence, the developed SPEs sensor may be applied for bedside point-of-care diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using miniaturized portable device, in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Ramya
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sayanti Halder
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - K Nagamani
- Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad 500025, Telangana, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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12
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Balaban Hanoglu S, Harmanci D, Evran S, Timur S. Detection strategies of infectious diseases via peptide-based electrochemical biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108784. [PMID: 39094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have threatened human life for as long as humankind has existed. One of the most crucial aspects of fighting against these infections is diagnosis to prevent disease spread. However, traditional diagnostic methods prove insufficient and time-consuming in the face of a pandemic. Therefore, studies focusing on detecting viruses causing these diseases have increased, with a particular emphasis on developing rapid, accurate, specific, user-friendly, and portable electrochemical biosensor systems. Peptides are used integral components in biosensor fabrication for several reasons, including various and adaptable synthesis protocols, long-term stability, and specificity. Here, we discuss peptide-based electrochemical biosensor systems that have been developed over the last decade for the detection of infectious diseases. In contrast to other reports on peptide-based biosensors, we have emphasized the following points i) the synthesis methods of peptides for biosensor applications, ii) biosensor fabrication approaches of peptide-based electrochemical biosensor systems, iii) the comparison of electrochemical biosensors with other peptide-based biosensor systems and the advantages and limitations of electrochemical biosensors, iv) the pros and cons of peptides compared to other biorecognition molecules in the detection of infectious diseases, v) different perspectives for future studies with the shortcomings of the systems developed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Balaban Hanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Harmanci
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory, Application and Research Center, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Serap Evran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory, Application and Research Center, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
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13
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Nalepa MA, Panáček D, Dědek I, Jakubec P, Kupka V, Hrubý V, Petr M, Otyepka M. Graphene derivative-based ink advances inkjet printing technology for fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116277. [PMID: 38613934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The field of biosensing would significantly benefit from a disruptive technology enabling flexible manufacturing of uniform electrodes. Inkjet printing holds promise for this, although realizing full electrode manufacturing with this technology remains challenging. We introduce a nitrogen-doped carboxylated graphene ink (NGA-ink) compatible with commercially available printing technologies. The water-based and additive-free NGA-ink was utilized to produce fully inkjet-printed electrodes (IPEs), which demonstrated successful electrochemical detection of the important neurotransmitter dopamine. The cost-effectiveness of NGA-ink combined with a total cost per electrode of $0.10 renders it a practical solution for customized electrode manufacturing. Furthermore, the high carboxyl group content of NGA-ink (13 wt%) presents opportunities for biomolecule immobilization, paving the way for the development of advanced state-of-the-art biosensors. This study highlights the potential of NGA inkjet-printed electrodes in revolutionizing sensor technology, offering an affordable, scalable alternative to conventional electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Alex Nalepa
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - David Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Dědek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kupka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Hrubý
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Petr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; IT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic.
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14
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Liu X, Sun Y, Song H, Zhang W, Liu T, Chu Z, Gu X, Ma Z, Jin W. Nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosis of COVID-19. Talanta 2024; 274:125994. [PMID: 38547841 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this pandemic has caused severe death and infection worldwide. Owing to its strong infectivity, long incubation period, and nonspecific symptoms, the early diagnosis is essential to reduce risk of the severe illness. The electrochemical biosensor, as a fast and sensitive technique for quantitative analysis of body fluids, has been widely studied to diagnose different biomarkers caused at different infective stages of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, many reports have proved that nanomaterials with special architectures and size effects can effectively promote the biosensing performance on the COVID-19 diagnosis, there are few comprehensive summary reports yet. Therefore, in this review, we will pay efforts on recent progress of advanced nanomaterials-facilitated electrochemical biosensors for the COVID-19 detections. The process of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans will be briefly described, as well as summarizing the types of sensors that should be designed for different infection processes. Emphasis will be supplied to various functional nanomaterials which dominate the biosensing performance for comparison, expecting to provide a rational guidance on the material selection of biosensor construction for people. Finally, we will conclude the perspective on the design of superior nanomaterials-based biosensors facing the unknown virus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Yifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
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15
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Boonkaew S, Szot-Karpińska K, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, de Marco A, Jönsson-Niedziółka M. NFC Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Microfluidic Device Integrated with Nanobody Recognition for C-Reactive Protein. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3066-3074. [PMID: 38877998 PMCID: PMC11217940 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices play a crucial role as tools for disease diagnostics, and the integration of biorecognition elements with electronic components into these devices widens their functionalities and facilitates the development of complex quantitative assays. Unfortunately, biosensors that exploit large conventional IgG antibodies to capture relevant biomarkers are often limited in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and storage stability, considerably restricting the use of POCT in real-world applications. Therefore, we used nanobodies as they are more suitable for fabricating electrochemical biosensors with near-field communication (NFC) technology. Moreover, a flow-through microfluidic device was implemented in this system for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation biomarker, and a model analyte. The resulting sensors not only have high sensitivity and portability but also retain automated sequential flow properties through capillary transport without the need for an external pump. We also compared the accuracy of CRP quantitative analyses between commercial PalmSens4 and NFC-based potentiostats. Furthermore, the sensor reliability was evaluated using three biological samples (artificial serum, plasma, and whole blood without any pretreatment). This platform will streamline the development of POCT devices by combining operational simplicity, low cost, fast analysis, and portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanat Boonkaew
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | | | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory
for Environmental and Life Sciences, University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
cesta 13, 5000 Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
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16
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Wang X, Wang Y, Jie H, Liu S, Shen C, Liu Q. Enhancing Sensitivity in SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Testing through Integration of a Water-Soluble Polymer Wall. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:305. [PMID: 38920609 PMCID: PMC11201958 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are recognized for their practicality in homecare and point-of-care testing, owing to their simplicity, cost-efficiency, and rapid visual readouts. Despite these advantages, LFIAs typically fall short in sensitivity, particularly in detecting viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, thus limiting their broader application. In response to this challenge, we have innovated an approach to substantially enhance LFIA sensitivity. This involves the integration of a water-soluble dextran-methacrylate polymer wall with a 15% grafting degree positioned between the test and control lines on the LFIA strip. This novel modification significantly improved the sensitivity of the assay, achieving detection limits as low as 50 pg mL-1 and enhancing the sensitivity by 5-20-fold relative to existing LFIA kits available on the market. Furthermore, our developed LFIA kit (WSPW-LFIA) demonstrated exceptional specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Coupled with a straightforward fabrication process and robust stability, the WSPW-LFIA represents a promising advancement for real-time in vitro diagnosis across a spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Huiyang Jie
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Sidi Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Chenguang Shen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
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17
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Gevaerd A, Carneiro EA, Gogola JL, Nicollete DRP, Santiago EB, Riedi HP, Timm A, Predebon JV, Hartmann LF, Ribeiro VHA, Rochitti C, Marques GL, Loesch MMON, de Almeida BMM, Rogal-Junior S, Figueredo MVM. Utilizing COVID-19 as a Model for Diagnostics Using an Electrochemical Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3772. [PMID: 38931556 PMCID: PMC11207896 DOI: 10.3390/s24123772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports a rapid and sensitive sensor for the detection and quantification of the COVID-19 N-protein (N-PROT) via an electrochemical mechanism. Single-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as a transduction method for real-time measurement of the N-PROT in an immunosensor system based on gold-conjugate-modified carbon screen-printed electrodes (Cov-Ag-SPE). The system presents high selectivity attained through an optimal stimulation signal composed of a 0.0 V DC potential and 10 mV RMS-1 AC signal at 100 Hz over 300 s. The Cov-Ag-SPE showed a log response toward N-PROT detection at concentrations from 1.0 ng mL-1 to 10.0 μg mL-1, with a 0.977 correlation coefficient for the phase (θ) variation. An ML-based approach could be created using some aspects observed from the positive and negative samples; hence, it was possible to classify 252 samples, reaching 83.0, 96.2 and 91.3% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, with confidence intervals (CI) ranging from 73.0 to 100.0%. Because impedance spectroscopy measurements can be performed with low-cost portable instruments, the immunosensor proposed here can be applied in point-of-care diagnostics for mass testing, even in places with limited resources, as an alternative to the common diagnostics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Gevaerd
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Emmanuelle A. Carneiro
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Jeferson L. Gogola
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Diego R. P. Nicollete
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Erika B. Santiago
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Halanna P. Riedi
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Adriano Timm
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - João V. Predebon
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Luis F. Hartmann
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Victor H. A. Ribeiro
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Carlos Rochitti
- School of Medicine—Campus PUCPR, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L. Marques
- School of Medicine—Campus PUCPR, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Maira M. O. N. Loesch
- School of Medicine—Campus PUCPR, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Parana 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Bernardo M. M. de Almeida
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Sérgio Rogal-Junior
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
| | - Marcus V. M. Figueredo
- Research and Development Department, Hilab Campus, Rua José A. Possebom, 800, Curitiba, Parana 81270-185, Brazil (M.V.M.F.)
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18
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Adel S, Firoozbakhtian A, Rabbani H, Hosseini M, Pebdeni AB, Sadeghi N, Gilnezhad J, Ganjali MR. COVID-19 electrochemical immunosensor with Ag-MOF: Rapid and high-selectivity nasal swab testing for effective detection. Anal Biochem 2024; 689:115500. [PMID: 38431139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of the coronavirus is acknowledged as a crucial measure to mitigate the spread of the pandemic, facilitating timely isolation of infected individuals, and disrupting the transmission chain. In this study, we leveraged the properties of synthesized Ag-MOF, including high porosity and increased flow intensity. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to develop an economical and portable sensor with exceptional selectivity for COVID-19 detection. The methodology involves the deposition of Ag-MOF onto the surface of a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE), which resulted in a progressive augmentation of electric current. Subsequently, the targeted antibodies were applied, and relevant tests were conducted. The sensor demonstrated the capacity to detect the virus within a linear range of 100 fM to 10 nM, boasting a noteworthy Limit of Detection (LOD) of 60 fM. The entire detection process could be completed in a brief duration of 20 min, exhibiting high levels of accuracy and precision, outperforming comparable techniques in terms of speed and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Adel
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozbakhtian
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran; Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Bagheri Pebdeni
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Niloufar Sadeghi
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gilnezhad
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran.
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19
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Zhang C, Dang W, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhong P, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yan X. Development of a paper-based transcription aptasensor for convenient urinary uric acid self-testing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132241. [PMID: 38768916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal uric acid (UA) level in urine can serve as warning signals of many diseases, such as gout and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. The current methods for detecting UA face limitations of instrument dependence and the requirement for non-invasiveness, making it challenging to fulfill the need for home-based application. In this study, we designed an aptasensor that combined UA-specific transcriptional regulation and a fluorescent RNA aptamer for convenient urinary UA testing. The concentration of UA can be translated into the intensity of fluorescent signals. The aptasensor showed higher sensitivity and more robust anti-interference performance. UA levels in the urine of different volunteers could be accurately tested using this method. In addition, a paper-based aptasensor for UA self-testing was manufactured, in which the urinary UA levels could be determined using a smartphone-based colorimetric approach. This work not only demonstrates a new approach for the design of disease-associated aptasensor, but also offers promising ideas for home-based detection of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weifan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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20
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Zhou H, Li D, Ren Z, Xu C, Wang LF, Lee C. Surface plasmons-phonons for mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado3179. [PMID: 38809968 PMCID: PMC11135386 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have proven their ability to boost the sensitivity of mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging by enhancing light-matter interactions. Surface phonons, a counterpart technology to plasmons, present unclear contributions to hyperspectral imaging. Here, we investigate this by developing a plasmon-phonon hyperspectral imaging system that uses asymmetric cross-shaped nanoantennas composed of stacked plasmon-phonon materials. The phonon modes within this system, controlled by light polarization, capture molecular refractive index intensity and lineshape features, distinct from those observed with plasmons, enabling more precise and sensitive molecule identification. In a deep learning-assisted imaging demonstration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), phonons exhibit enhanced identification capabilities (230,400 spectra/s), facilitating the de-overlapping and observation of the spatial distribution of two mixed SARS-CoV spike proteins. In addition, the plasmon-phonon system demonstrates increased identification accuracy (93%), heightened sensitivity, and enhanced detection limits (down to molecule monolayers). These findings extend phonon polaritonics to hyperspectral imaging, promising applications in imaging-guided molecule screening and pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School–Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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21
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Bezinge L, Shih CJ, Richards DA, deMello AJ. Electrochemical Paper-Based Microfluidics: Harnessing Capillary Flow for Advanced Diagnostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401148. [PMID: 38801400 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical paper-based microfluidics has attracted much attention due to the promise of transforming point-of-care diagnostics by facilitating quantitative analysis with low-cost and portable analyzers. Such devices harness capillary flow to transport samples and reagents, enabling bioassays to be executed passively. Despite exciting demonstrations of capillary-driven electrochemical tests, conventional methods for fabricating electrodes on paper impede capillary flow, limit fluidic pathways, and constrain accessible device architectures. This account reviews recent developments in paper-based electroanalytical devices and offers perspective by revisiting key milestones in lateral flow tests and paper-based microfluidics engineering. The study highlights the benefits associated with electrochemical sensing and discusses how the detection modality can be leveraged to unlock novel functionalities. Particular focus is given to electrofluidic platforms that embed electrodes into paper for enhanced biosensing applications. Together, these innovations pave the way for diagnostic technologies that offer portability, quantitative analysis, and seamless integration with digital healthcare, all without compromising the simplicity of commercially available rapid diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Bezinge
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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22
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Guo L, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Huang J, Tao Y, Chen J, Li HY, Liu H. Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:65. [PMID: 38784375 PMCID: PMC11111687 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology. Proteins are extensively used as biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects. Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody-antigen binding principle in immunology. However, the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix, which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity. Therefore, electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors. In this review, we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection. We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer, viral infectious diseases, inflammation, and other diseases. The corresponding sensitive materials, transducer structures, and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally. Finally, we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanpeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056 China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Yanbing Tao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Hua-Yao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Wenzhou Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325000 China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
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23
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Peala W, Kitchanakan P, Khongchareonporn N, Angsujinda K, Sittidech A, Wanganurakkul S, Chintapitaksakul L, Suea-Ngam A, Wang SF, Kunpatee K, Chaiyo S, Assavalapsakul W. Paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of chicken anemia virus. Talanta 2024; 272:125820. [PMID: 38430864 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in young chickens. Given the importance of timely detection for maintaining livestock quality, there is a pressing need for rapid and field-deployable diagnostic tools. This study introduces a highly sensitive paper-based electrochemical immunosensor (PEI) for the detection of the 60 amino acid N-terminally truncated viral protein 1 (Δ60VP1), a derivative of the CAV capsid (VP1). A custom antibody was produced for precise immunoassay detection, with results obtainable within 30 min using Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV). The underlying mechanism involves an immunocomplex in the sample zone that hinders the electron transfer of redox species, thereby reducing the current signal in proportion to the Δ60VP1 concentration. Under optimal conditions, the detection linearity for Δ60VP1 ranged from 80 to 2500 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 25 ng/mL. This device was then successfully applied to detect VP1 in 29 chicken serum samples, achieving 91.6% sensitivity and 94.1% selectivity. In conclusion, the PEI device presents a promising solution for rapid, sensitive, and disposable detection of chicken pathogens, potentially revolutionizing productivity and quality assurance in chicken farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisuttiya Peala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phatpimol Kitchanakan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nanthika Khongchareonporn
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Angsujinda
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Akekarach Sittidech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Saruda Wanganurakkul
- Veterinary Research and Development Center, Eastern Region, Department of Livestock Development, Chonburi, 20220, Thailand
| | | | - Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kanjana Kunpatee
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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24
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Liustrovaite V, Drobysh M, Ratautaite V, Ramanaviciene A, Rimkute A, Simanavicius M, Dalgediene I, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Plikusiene I, Chen CF, Viter R, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical biosensor for the evaluation of monoclonal antibodies targeting the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171042. [PMID: 38369150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has prompted a global pandemic that requires continuous research and monitoring. This study presents a design of an electrochemical biosensing platform suitable for the evaluation of monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with gold nanostructures (AuNS) were applied to design a versatile and sensitive sensing platform. Electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), were used to investigate the interactions between immobilised recombinant N (rN) protein and several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The electrochemical characterisation of SPCE/AuNS/rN demonstrated a successful immobilisation of rN, enhancing the electron transfer kinetics. Affinity interactions between immobilised rN and four mAbs (mAb-4B3, mAb-4G6, mAb-12B2, and mAb-1G5) were explored. Although mAb-4B3 showed some non-linearity, the other monoclonal antibodies exhibited specific and well-defined interactions followed by the formation of an immune complex. The biosensing platform demonstrated high sensitivity in the linear range (LR) from 0.2 nM to 1 nM with limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.012 nM to 0.016 nM for mAb-4G6, mAb-12B2, and mAb-1G5 and limits of quantification (LOQ) values ranging from 0.035 nM to 0.139 nM, as determined by both EIS and SWV methods. These results highlight the system's potential for precise and selective detection of monoclonal antibodies specific to the rN. This electrochemical biosensing platform provides a promising route for the sensitive and accurate detection of monoclonal antibodies specific to the rN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Rimkute
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University (VU), Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University (VU), Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Dalgediene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University (VU), Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University (VU), Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia; Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment, Sumy State University, 31, Sanatornaya st., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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25
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Nguyen HQ, Nguyen VD, Phan VM, Seo TS. Development of a self-contained microfluidic chip and an internet-of-things-based point-of-care device for automated identification of respiratory viruses. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2485-2496. [PMID: 38587207 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted the in vitro diagnostic market, leading to the development of new technologies such as point-of-care testing (POCT), multiplex testing, and digital health platforms. In this study, we present a self-contained microfluidic chip integrated with an internet-of-things (IoT)-based point-of-care (POC) device for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of respiratory viruses. Our platform enables sample-to-answer diagnostics within 70 min by automating RNA extraction, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and fluorescence detection. The microfluidic chip is designed to store all the necessary reagents for the entire diagnostic assay, including a lysis buffer, a washing buffer, an elution buffer, and a lyophilized RT-LAMP cocktail. It can perform nucleic acid extraction, aliquoting, and gene amplification in multiple reaction chambers without cross-contamination. The IoT-based POC device consists of a Raspberry Pi 4 for device control and data processing, a CMOS sensor for measuring fluorescence signals, a resistive heater panel for temperature control, and solenoid valves for controlling the movement of on-chip reagent solutions. The proposed device is portable and features a touchscreen for user control and result display. We evaluated the performance of the platform using 11 clinical respiratory virus samples, including 5 SARS-CoV-2 samples, 2 influenza A samples, and 4 influenza B samples. All tested clinical samples were accurately identified with high specificity and fidelity, demonstrating the ability to simultaneously detect multiple respiratory viruses. The combination of the integrated microfluidic chip with the POC device offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable solution for rapid molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Van Dan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Vu Minh Phan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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26
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Valerio TL, Anastácio R, da Silva SS, de Oliveira CC, Vidotti M. An overview of electrochemical biosensors used for COVID-19 detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2164-2176. [PMID: 38536084 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This short review presents the latest advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, focusing particularly on impedimetric biosensors for the direct measurement of analytes. As a source of study we have chosen to describe these advances in the latest global health crisis originated from the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this period, the necessity for swift and precise detection methods has grown rapidly due to an imminent need for the development of an analytical method to identify and isolate infected patients as an attempt to control the spreading of the disease. Traditional approaches such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were extensively used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but their drawbacks, including slow response time, became evident. In this context, the potential of electrochemical biosensors as an alternative for COVID-19 detection was emphasized. These biosensors merge electrochemical technology with bioreceptors, offering benefits such as rapidity, accuracy, portability, and real-time result provision. Additionally, we present instances of electrochemical biosensors modified with conductive polymers, eliminating the necessity for an electrochemical probe. The adaptability of the developed materials and devices facilitated the prompt production of electrochemical biosensors during the pandemic, creating opportunities for broader applications in infectious disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Lima Valerio
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Anastácio
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Stella Schuster da Silva
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas (LCIN) e Laboratório de Investigação de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados (LIPS), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas (LCIN) e Laboratório de Investigação de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados (LIPS), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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27
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Kouz S, Raouafi A, Ouhibi A, Lorrain N, Essafi M, Mejri M, Raouafi N, Moadhen A, Guendouz M. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein using AgNPs-modified aligned silicon nanowires BioSERS chip. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12071-12080. [PMID: 38628480 PMCID: PMC11019291 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic had a strong impact on societies and economies worldwide and tests for high-performance detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers are still needed for potential future outbreaks of the disease. In this paper, we present the different steps for the design of an aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (BioSERS) sensing chip capable of detecting the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (N protein) in spiked phosphate-buffered solutions and real samples of human blood serum. Optimization of the preparation steps in terms of the aptamer concentration used for the functionalization of the silver nanoparticles, time for affixing the aptamer, incubation time with target protein, and insulation of the silver active surface with cysteamine, led to a sensitive BioSERS chip, which was able to detect the N protein in the range from 1 to 75 ng mL-1 in spiked phosphate-buffered solutions with a detection limit of 1 ng mL-1 within 30 min. Furthermore, the BioSERS chip was used to detect the target protein in scarcely spiked human serum. This study demonstrates the possibility of a clinical application that can improve the detection limit and accuracy of the currently commercialized SARS-CoV-2 immunodiagnostic kit. Additionally, the system is modular and can be applied to detect other proteins by only changing the aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadok Kouz
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Nanomaterials Nanotechnology and Energy (L2NE), University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis El Manar Tunisia
- UMR FOTON, CNRS, University of Rennes Enssat, BP 80518, 6 rue Kerampont F22305 Lannion France
| | - Amal Raouafi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), Sensor and Biosensors Group, University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis El Manar Tunisia
| | - Awatef Ouhibi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Nanomaterials Nanotechnology and Energy (L2NE), University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis El Manar Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Lorrain
- UMR FOTON, CNRS, University of Rennes Enssat, BP 80518, 6 rue Kerampont F22305 Lannion France
| | - Makram Essafi
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar LTCII LR11 IPT02 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Manel Mejri
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar LTCII LR11 IPT02 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15), Sensor and Biosensors Group, University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis El Manar Tunisia
| | - Adel Moadhen
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Nanomaterials Nanotechnology and Energy (L2NE), University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis El Manar Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Guendouz
- UMR FOTON, CNRS, University of Rennes Enssat, BP 80518, 6 rue Kerampont F22305 Lannion France
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Li M, Wu Y, Ke C, Song Z, Zheng M, Yu Q, Zhu H, Guo H, Sun H, Liu M. An ultrasensitive unlabeled electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I based on Pt/Au-B,S,N-rGO as the signal amplification platform. Talanta 2024; 270:125546. [PMID: 38128282 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ultrasensitive unlabeled electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was developed based on Pt/Au modified B,S,N co-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pt/Au-B,S,N-rGO) as a signal amplification platform. First-principles calculations were employed to analyze the electron density of states of Pt/Au-B,S,N-rGO, revealing an increase in the electron density of the graphene oxide (GO) states. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron diffraction spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical detection were used to successfully construct and analyze Pt/Au-B,S,N-rGO. The results showed that B,S,N-rGO exhibited good electrochemical activity, and the Au/Pt NPs demonstrated excellent catalytic properties, which provided a strong foundation for achieving high-sensitivity detection. Moreover, the constructed unlabeled electrochemical immunosensor had an ideal linear range (0.1 pg/mL∼50 ng/mL) and detection limit (0.082 pg/mL). In human serum detection, the results of this immunosensor were essentially similar to the ELISA results for the same samples, which suggested that the immunosensor had a promising clinical application prospect for the detection of cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Ke
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Song
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Meie Zheng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Yu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Lei Y, Xu D. Rapid Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Technology for Pandemic Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:1527. [PMID: 38611806 PMCID: PMC11013254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has enormously promoted the development of diagnostic technology. To control the spread of pandemic diseases and achieve rapid screening of the population, ensuring that patients receive timely treatment, rapid diagnosis has become the top priority in the development of clinical technology. This review article aims to summarize the current rapid nucleic acid diagnostic technologies applied to pandemic disease diagnosis, from rapid extraction and rapid amplification to rapid detection. We also discuss future prospects in the development of rapid nucleic acid diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China;
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30
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Singh N, Khan T, Kumar S, Kanaujia BK, Choi HC, Kim KW, Rambabu K, Rengarajan SR, Kishk AA. Ultra-thin flexible rectenna integrated with power management unit for wireless power harvester/charging of smartwatch/wristband. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7447. [PMID: 38548782 PMCID: PMC10979022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a circularly polarized ultra-thin flexible antenna with a flexible rectifier and power management unit (PMU) for smartwatch/wristband applications. The flexible antenna is compact (0.17λ0 × 0.20λ0 × 0.0004λ0) and has a stepped ground plane. A parasitic element is used at the substrate bottom to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) and enhance the gain up to 3.2 dBi, at the resonating frequency of WLAN/Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz). The SAR of the proposed design is also analysed at the resonating frequency, and it satisfies the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and IEEE C95.1-2019 human safety standards. An impedance matching circuit is used between the antenna and the RF energy harvester to improve conversion efficiency. Polarization mismatch is avoided with the help of circular polarization, achieved by tuning stubs of size 0.02λ0 × 0.044λ0. The integration of the antenna and rectenna results in a good conversion efficiency of 78.2% at - 5 dBm of input power with a load resistance of 2 KΩ. The availability of RF signals allows the user to charge the smartwatch/wristband by connecting the PMU circuit with the RF energy harvester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Singh
- University School of Automation and Robotics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, East Delhi Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Binod Kumar Kanaujia
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
| | - Hyun Chul Choi
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Wook Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Karumudi Rambabu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sembiam R Rengarajan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed A Kishk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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31
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Saadati A, Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N. An innovative transportable immune device for the recognition of α-synuclein using KCC-1- nPr-CS 2 modified silver nano-ink: integration of pen-on-paper technology with biosensing toward early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8810-8818. [PMID: 38495975 PMCID: PMC10941091 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness, is a neurological ailment that produces unintentional or uncontrolled body movements, which should be diagnosed in its early stages to hinder the progression. Monitoring the concentration of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in body fluids can be one of the most efficient ways for PD early detection. In this work, a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor was designed for α-Syn bio-assay in human plasma samples based on encapsulation of the biotinylated antibody on novel dendritic fibrous nanosilica ((KCC-1-nPr-CS2)-Ab). For this purpose, a three-electrode system was prepared using stabilization of silver nano-ink on photographic paper. Then, the (KCC-1-NH-CS2)-Ab was immobilized on its surface and used to detect the target antigen (α-Syn). After characterization of the prepared substrate by FE-SEM and EDS, the redox behavior of the biosensor was evaluated using chronoamperometry techniques. Under optimal experimental conditions and using a label-free strategy, the engineered immunosensor showed a linear relationship between peak current and antigen concentration in the linear range from 0.002 to 128 ng mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.002 ng mL-1. Moreover, this work involves unprecedented use of conductive nano-inks for the manufacture of α-Syn immunosensor, which is aided by the use of a mesoporous silicate dendrimer in encapsulating the α-Syn antibody, thus offering a robust and simple point-of-care device for early PD diagnosis. The ability of the proposed platform to detect small amounts of α-Syn offers a promising approach to developing low-cost, sensitive, and transportable biosensors for Parkinson's disease screening in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saadati
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hossein Navay Baghban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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32
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Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
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33
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Priyanka, Mohan B, Poonia E, Kumar S, Virender, Singh C, Xiong J, Liu X, Pombeiro AJL, Singh G. COVID-19 Virus Structural Details: Optical and Electrochemical Detection. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:479-500. [PMID: 37382834 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing viral species have ruined people's health and the world's economy. Therefore, it is urgent to design bio-responsive materials to provide a vast platform for detecting a different family's passive or active virus. One can design a reactive functional unit for that moiety based on the particular bio-active moieties in viruses. Nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical biosensors have enabled better tools and devices to develop rapid virus detection. Various material science platforms are available for real-time monitoring and detecting COVID-19 and other viral loads. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of nanomaterials in developing the tools for optical and electrochemical sensing COVID-19. In addition, nanomaterials used to detect other human viruses have been studied, providing insights for developing COVID-19 sensing materials. The basic strategies for nanomaterials develop as virus sensors, fabrications, and detection performances are studied. Moreover, the new methods to enhance the virus sensing properties are discussed to provide a gateway for virus detection in variant forms. The study will provide systematic information and working of virus sensors. In addition, the deep discussion of structural properties and signal changes will offer a new gate for researchers to develop new virus sensors for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ekta Poonia
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Virender
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Jichuan Xiong
- Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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34
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Maulana MY, Raissa R, Nurrudin A, Andreani AS, Angelina M, Septiani NLW, Yuliarto B, Jenie SNA. An ultra-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 antigen optical biosensor based on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) functionalized magnetic-fluorescent silica nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:205702. [PMID: 38330490 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad27aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on the design and synthesis of an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) functionalized magnetic fluorescent silica nanoparticles (Fe-FSNP) as a biosensing platform to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation and then coated with fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNP) through thesol-gelmethod forming the Fe-FSNP samples. Silica obtained from local geothermal powerplant was used in this work and Rhodamine B was chosen as the incorporated fluorescent dye, hence this reports for the first time ACE-2 was immobilized on the natural silica surface. The Fe-FSNP nanoparticle consists of a 18-25 nm magnetic core and a silica shell with a thickness of 30 nm as confirmed from the transmission electron microscopy image. Successful surface functionalization of the Fe-FSNP with ACE-2 as bioreceptor was conducted through hydrosylilation reaction and confirmed through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The detection of SARS-Cov-2 antigen by Fe-FSNP/ACE2 was measured through the change in its maximum fluorescence intensity at 588 nm where fluorescence- quenching had occurred. The biosensing platform showed a rapid response at 30 min with a linear range of 10-6to 10-2μg ml-1. The magnetic-fluorescent properties of the nanoparticle enables an ultra-sensitive detection of SARS-Cov-2 antigen with the limit of detection as low as 2 fg ml-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yovinanda Maulana
- Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Raissa Raissa
- Doctoral Program of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12200, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Nurrudin
- Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor and Biodevices, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Sus Andreani
- BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor and Biodevices, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 452, Kawasan Puspitek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor and Biodevices, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center (CSC), Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspitek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor and Biodevices, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - S N Aisyiyah Jenie
- BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor and Biodevices, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 452, Kawasan Puspitek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
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35
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Shin S, Kim S, Choi W, Do J, Son J, Kim K, Jang S, Lee JS. Sensing Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using Aptamer-Functionalized Si-Based Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistor (EGT). BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38534231 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The sensing responses of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using top-down-fabricated Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) have been investigated. An aptamer was employed as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The EGT demonstrated excellent intrinsic characteristics and higher sensitivity in the subthreshold regime compared to the linear regime. The limit of detection (LOD) was achieved as low as 0.94 pg/mL and 20 pg/mL for the current and voltage sensitivity, respectively. To analyze the sensing responses of EGT in detecting the aptamer-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein conjugate, a lumped-capacitive model with the presence of an effective dipole potential and an effective capacitance of the functionalized layer component was employed. The aptamer-functionalized EGT showed high sensitivity even in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. These results suggest that Si-based EGTs are a highly promising method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Shin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyeong Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Do
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Son
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkey Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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36
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Syafira RS, Devi MJ, Gaffar S, Irkham, Kurnia I, Arnafia W, Einaga Y, Syakir N, Noviyanti AR, Hartati YW. Hydroxyapatite-Gold Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Selective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Immunosensor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:950-960. [PMID: 38303668 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is still spreading worldwide; therefore, the need for rapid and accurate detection methods remains relevant to maintain the spread of this infectious disease. Electrochemical immunosensors are an alternative method for the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Herein, we report the development of a screen-printed carbon electrode immunosensor using a hydroxyapatite-gold nanocomposite (SPCE/HA-Au) directly spray-coated with the immobilization receptor binding domain (RBD) Spike to increase the conductivity and surface electrode area. The HA-Au composite synthesis was optimized using the Box-Behnken method, and the resulting composite was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, TEM-EDX, and XRD analysis. The specific interaction of RBD Spike with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in a [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- solution redox system. The IgG was detected with a detection limit of 0.0561 pg mL-1, and the immunosensor had selectivity and stability of 103-122% and was stable until week 7 with the influence of storage conditions. Also, the immunosensor was tested using real samples from human serum, where the results were confirmed using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method and showed satisfactory results. Therefore, the developed electrochemical immunosensor can rapidly and accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratu Shifa Syafira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Melania Janisha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shabarni Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irwan Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Wyanda Arnafia
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Norman Syakir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Atiek Rostika Noviyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Baradoke A, Jarusaitis A, Reinikovaite V, Jafarov A, Elsakova A, Franckevicius M, Skapas M, Slibinskas R, Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Ramanavicius A. Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein by screen-printed carbon electrodes modified by colloidal gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2024; 268:125279. [PMID: 37857108 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, electrochemical bioanalytical systems for the determination of antibodies against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein (anti-rS) is reported. Environmentally friendly chemicals were applied in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs were integrated onto the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPE), and the biological recognition part was based on recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (rS), which during the immobilization was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. Immobilized rS protein based biological recognition part enabled selective recognition of anti-rS antibodies. The current flux of AuNPs reduction (at +200 mV) in a pure phosphate buffer (PB) was employed as the transduction signal. It has been reported that the formation of anti-rS layers on the surface of AuNPs delays the electrode response time (ts), tracked at the current flux density values of 80 μA cm-2. Using the AuNP-modified SPE, we demonstrated a rapid anti-rS detection within a detection limit of 2 ng mL-1 (0.125 binding antibody units mL-1, 17 pM). This system can be applied to track the response of immune system towards SARS-CoV-2 infection and monitoring of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ainis Jarusaitis
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Reinikovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Jafarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexandra Elsakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marius Franckevicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Skapas
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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38
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de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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39
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Liu X, Yang X, Wang C, Liu Q, Ding Y, Xu S, Wang G, Xiao R. A nanogap-enhanced SERS nanotag-based lateral flow assay for ultrasensitive and simultaneous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 S and NP antigens. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:104. [PMID: 38236334 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A lateral flow assay (LFA) strip based on dual 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-encoded satellite Fe3O4@Au (Mag@Au) SERS tags with nanogap is reported for ultrasensitive and simultaneous diagnosis of two SARS-CoV-2 functional proteins. Composed of Fe3O4 core, satellite gold shell with nanogaps, and double-layer DTNB, the Mag@Au nanoparticles with an average size of 238 nm were designed as multifunctional tags to efficiently enrich the target SARS-CoV-2 protein from complex samples, significantly enhancing the SERS signal of the LFA strip and provide quantitative SERS detection of analyte on test lines. The developed dual DTNB-encoded satellite Mag@Au-based LFA allowed simultaneous quantification of spike (S) protein and nucleocapsid (NP) protein with detection limits of 23 pg mL-1 and 2 pg mL-1, respectively, lower than commercial ELISA kits and reported SERS-LFA detection system-based Au NPs and Fe3O4@3 nm Au MNPs. This magnetic SERS-LFA also showed high performance of multi-variant strain detection and further distinguished clinical samples of Omicron variant infection, demonstrating the potential of in situ detection of respiratory virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Ding
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Xu
- GI Department, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghui Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Pornprom T, Phusi N, Thongdee P, Pakamwong B, Sangswan J, Kamsri P, Punkvang A, Suttisintong K, Leanpolchareanchai J, Hongmanee P, Lumjiaktase P, Jampasa S, Chailapakul O, Pungpo P. Toward the early diagnosis of tuberculosis: A gold particle-decorated graphene-modified paper-based electrochemical biosensor for Hsp16.3 detection. Talanta 2024; 267:125210. [PMID: 37717539 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) currently remains a major life-threatening disease as it can be fatal if not treated properly or in a timely manner. Herein, we first describe a disposable and cost-effective paper-based electrochemical biosensor based on a gold particle-decorated carboxyl graphene (AuPs/GCOOH)-modified electrode for detecting heat shock protein (Hsp16.3), which is a specific biomarker indicating the onset of TB infection. The device pattern was first engineered to facilitate detection procedures and printed on low-cost filter paper to create hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions using a wax printing technique. Immunoassays proceeded in a half-sandwich format because it is a reagent-less approach and requires no labeling step. The fabrication of the immunosensor began with GCOOH drop casting, the electrochemical deposition of AuPs, and the establishment of a biorecognition layer against Hsp16.3 utilizing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-sulfo standard chemistry. The appearance of Hsp16.3 resulted in a substantial decrease in the electrochemical signal response of the redox probe employed [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- due to the created immunocomplexes that possess insulation properties. GCOOH enables direct antibody immobilization, and AuPs enhance the electrochemical properties of the sensor. This proposed immunosensor, while requiring only a miniscule sample volume (5 μL), achieved superior performance in terms of the limit of detection, measuring at 0.01 ng/mL. Our platform was confirmed to be highly specific to Hsp16.3 and can rapidly detect TB-infected sera without necessitating any pre-enrichment (20 min), making it an alternative and particularly suitable for the early diagnosis of TB in resource-scarce countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimpika Pornprom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Naruedon Phusi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Paptawan Thongdee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Bongkochawan Pakamwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Jidapa Sangswan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Pharit Kamsri
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Auradee Punkvang
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Khomson Suttisintong
- National Nanotechnology Center, NSTDA, 111 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Poonpilas Hongmanee
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Putthapoom Lumjiaktase
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sakda Jampasa
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pungpo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand.
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41
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Kanetski Y, Brasiunas B, Zvirbliene A, Rimkute A, Gudas D, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Simanavicius M, Ramanavicius S, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Plikusiene I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical biosensing based comparative study of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168154. [PMID: 37923263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of three different clones of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN). The nucleocapsid protein was chosen as a system component identifying and discriminating antibodies that occur after virus infection instead of S protein used in serological tests to measure antibodies raised after vaccination and infection. The sensing platform was based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) covered with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and subsequently modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to ensure the covalent immobilization of the rN. The interaction between the protein and three clones of mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 rN with clone numbers 4G6, 7F10, and 1A6, were electrochemically registered in the range of concentrations. Three techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and pulse amperometric detection (PAD) were used for the detection. A gradual change in the responses with an increase in mAbs concentration for all techniques was observed. To assess the performance of the developed electrochemical biosensor, 'complexation constant' (KC), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated for all assessed clones of mAbs and all used techniques. Our results indicated that DPV possessing higher fitting accuracy illustrated more significant differences in KC constants and LOD/LOQ values. According to the DPV results, 7F10 clone was characterized with the highest KC value of 1.47 ± 0.07 μg/mL while the lowest LOD and LOQ values belonged to the 4G6 clone and equaled 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of electrochemical techniques for the detection and distinguishing of different clones of mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yahor Kanetski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benediktas Brasiunas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Rimkute
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Gudas
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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42
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Szymborski TR, Berus SM, Nowicka AB, Słowiński G, Kamińska A. Machine Learning for COVID-19 Determination Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:167. [PMID: 38255271 PMCID: PMC10813688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid, low cost, and efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, especially in clinical samples, remains a major challenge. A promising solution to this problem is the combination of a spectroscopic technique: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with advanced chemometrics based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. In the present study, we conducted SERS investigations of saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs taken from a cohort of patients (saliva: 175; nasopharyngeal swabs: 114). Obtained SERS spectra were analyzed using a range of classifiers in which random forest (RF) achieved the best results, e.g., for saliva, the precision and recall equals 94.0% and 88.9%, respectively. The results demonstrate that even with a relatively small number of clinical samples, the combination of SERS and shallow machine learning can be used to identify SARS-CoV-2 virus in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R. Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sylwia M. Berus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute for Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Słowiński
- Department of Software Engineering, Warsaw School of Computer Science, Lewartowskiego 17, 00-169 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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43
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Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Ruengpirasiri P, Charoensin P, Aniwattapong A, Natekuekool P, Srisomwat C, Pinyorospathum C, Chaiyo S, Yakoh A. Graphene Pseudoreference Electrode for the Development of a Practical Paper-Based Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1634-1642. [PMID: 38222522 PMCID: PMC10785785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based electrochemical devices (PEDs) have emerged as versatile platforms that bridge analytical chemistry and materials science, demonstrating advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the integration of a graphene pseudoreference electrode (GPRE) into a PED, and it exhibits potential advantages over the traditional Ag/AgCl pseudoreference electrode (PRE). In addition, the electrochemical properties and stability of GPRE are compared with those of the traditional Ag/AgCl PRE. The results demonstrate that GPRE exhibits a stable and reproducible potential during electrochemical measurement throughout 180 days, demonstrating its suitability as an alternative to an expensive metal PRE. Furthermore, a GPRE-incorporated paper-based device is designed and evaluated for use in the electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using an in situ bismuth-modified electrode. The GPRE-incorporated PED exhibited good analytical performance, with a low limit of detection of 0.69 and 5.77 ng mL-1 and electrochemical sensitivities of 70.16 and 38.34 μA·mL·μg-1·cm-2 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. More than 99.9% accuracy of the sensor was obtained for both ions with respect to conventional inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results highlight the effectiveness and suitability of the GPRE-incorporated PED as a sensor for various applications, such as environmental monitoring, food quality control, and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pimchanok Charoensin
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Akkrawat Aniwattapong
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pemika Natekuekool
- Kamnoetvidya
Science Academy, 999 Moo. 1, Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Chawin Srisomwat
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Chanika Pinyorospathum
- National
Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Analytical
Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- The
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department
of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- The
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department
of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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45
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Oudeng G, Ni J, Wu H, Wu H, Yang M, Wen C, Wang Y, Tan H. Amplified detection of SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) gene oligonucleotides based on exonuclease III-aided MoS 2 /AIE nanoprobes. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4675. [PMID: 38286603 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic reflects the underdevelopment of point-of-care diagnostic technology. Nuclei acid (NA) detection is the "gold standard" method for the early diagnosis of the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus disease-2. Polymerase chain reaction is the main method for NA detection but requires considerable manpower and sample processing taking ≥ 3 h. To simplify the operation processes and reduce the detection time, exonuclease III (Exo III)-aided MoS2 /AIE nanoprobes were developed for rapid and sensitive detection of the oligonucleotides of Omicron. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) nanosheets with excellent optical absorbance and distinguishable affinity to single-strand and duplex DNAs were applied as quenchers, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules with high luminous efficiency were designed as donor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanoprobes. Exo III with catalytic capability was used for signal amplification to increase the sensitivity of detection. The composite nanoprobes detected the mutated nucleocapsid (N)-gene and spike (S)-gene oligonucleotides of Omicron within 40 min with a limit of detection of 4.7 pM, and showed great potential for application in community medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junguo Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglian Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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46
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Wang R, Zhu B, Young P, Luo Y, Taylor J, Cameron AJ, Squire CJ, Travas-Sejdic J. A Portable and Disposable Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Laser-Scribed Graphene for Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38248387 PMCID: PMC10813335 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 was the greatest global threat to human health in the last three years. The most widely used methodologies for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and rapid antigen tests (RATs). PCR is time-consuming and requires specialized instrumentation operated by skilled personnel. In contrast, RATs can be used in-home or at point-of-care but are less sensitive, leading to a higher rate of false negative results. In this work, we describe the development of a disposable, electrochemical, and laser-scribed graphene-based biosensor strips for COVID-19 detection that exploits a split-ester bond ligase system (termed 'EsterLigase') for immobilization of a virus-specific nanobody to maintain the out-of-plane orientation of the probe to ensure the efficacy of the probe-target recognition process. An anti-spike VHH E nanobody, genetically fused with the EsterLigase domain, was used as the specific probe for the spike receptor-binding domain (SP-RBD) protein as the target. The recognition between the two was measured by the change in the charge transfer resistance determined by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra. The developed LSG-based biosensor achieved a linear detection range for the SP-RBD from 150 pM to 15 nM with a sensitivity of 0.0866 [log(M)]-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.68 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhong Wang
- Centre for Innovative Materials and Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (R.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Centre for Innovative Materials and Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (R.W.); (B.Z.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Paul Young
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (P.Y.); (J.T.); (C.J.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yu Luo
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - John Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (P.Y.); (J.T.); (C.J.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (P.Y.); (J.T.); (C.J.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (P.Y.); (J.T.); (C.J.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials and Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (R.W.); (B.Z.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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47
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Shoute LCT, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Babiuk L, Chen J. Faradaic Impedimetric Immunosensor for Label-Free Point-of-Care Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Gold-Interdigitated Electrode Array. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38248383 PMCID: PMC10812953 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical biosensors have many desirable characteristics in terms of miniaturization, scalability, digitization, and other attributes associated with point-of-care (POC) applications. In the era of COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness, further development of such biosensors will be immensely beneficial for rapid testing and disease management. Label-free electrochemical biosensors often employ [Fe(CN)6]-3/4 redox probes to detect low-concentration target analytes as they dramatically enhance sensitivity. However, such Faradaic-based sensors are reported to experience baseline signal drift, which compromises the performance of these devices. Here, we describe the use of a mecaptohexanoic (MHA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified Au-interdigitated electrode arrays (IDA) to investigate the origin of the baseline signal drift, developed a protocol to resolve the issue, and presented insights into the underlying mechanism on the working of label-free electrochemical biosensors. Using this protocol, we demonstrate the application of MHA SAM-modified Au-IDA for POC analysis of human serum samples. We describe the use of a label-free electrochemical biosensor based on covalently conjugated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for POC detection of COVID-19 antibodies. The test requires a short incubation time (10 min), and has a sensitivity of 35.4/decade (35.4%/10 ng mL-1) and LOD of 21 ng/mL. Negligible cross reactivity to seasonal human coronavirus or other endogenous antibodies was observed. Our studies also show that Faradaic biosensors are ~17 times more sensitive than non-Faradaic biosensors. We believe the work presented here contributes to the fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of baseline signal drift and will be applicable to future development of electrochemical biosensors for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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48
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Lee S, Bi L, Chen H, Lin D, Mei R, Wu Y, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8500-8530. [PMID: 37999922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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49
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du Plooy J, Kock B, Jahed N, Iwuoha E, Pokpas K. Carbon Nanostructured Immunosensing of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:8022. [PMID: 38138513 PMCID: PMC10745885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant spread and death rate of the recent coronavirus pandemic related to the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus have underscored the critical need for affordable, portable virus diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings. Moreover, efficient and timely monitoring of vaccine efficacy is needed to prevent future widespread infections. Electrochemical immunosensing poses an effective alternative to conventional molecular spectroscopic approaches, offering rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and portable electroanalysis of disease biomarkers and antibodies; however, efforts to improve binding efficiency and sensitivity are still being investigated. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in particular have shown promise in improving device sensitivity. This study reports the development of a GQD-functionalized point-of-contamination device leveraging the selective interactions between SARS-CoV-2-specific Spike (S) Protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antigens and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific S-protein antibodies at screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surfaces. The immunocomplexes formed at the GQD surfaces result in the interruption of the redox reactions that take place in the presence of a redox probe, decreasing the current response. Increased active surface area, conductivity, and binding via EDC/NHS chemistry were achieved due to the nanomaterial inclusion, with 5 nm, blue luminescent GQDs offering the best results. GQD concentration, EDC/NHS ratio, and RBD S-protein incubation time and concentration were optimized for the biosensor, and inter- and intra-screen-printed carbon electrode detection was investigated by calibration studies on multiple and single electrodes. The single electrode used for the entire calibration provided the best results. The label-free immunosensor was able to selectively detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies between 0.5 and 100 ng/mL in the presence of IgM and other coronavirus antibodies with an excellent regression of 0.9599. A LOD of 2.028 ng/mL was found, offering comparable findings to the literature-reported values. The detection sensitivity of the sensor is further compared to non-specific IgM antibodies. The developed GQD immunosensor was compared to other low-oxygen content carbon nanomaterials, namely (i) carbon quantum dot (CQD), (ii) electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, and (iii) carbon black-functionalized devices. The findings suggest that improved electron transfer kinetics and increased active surface area of the CNs, along with surface oxygen content, aid in the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The novel immunosensor suggests a possible application toward monitoring of IgG antibody production in SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated patients to study immune responses, vaccine efficacy, and lifetime to meet the demands for POC analysis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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50
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Mazzaracchio V, Rios Maciel M, Porto Santos T, Toda-Peters K, Shen AQ. Duplex Electrochemical Microfluidic Sensor for COVID-19 Antibody Detection: Natural versus Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207731. [PMID: 36916701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid transmission and resilience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to urgent demands in monitoring humoral response for effective vaccine development, thus a multiplex co-detection platform to discriminate infection-induced from vaccine-induced antibodies is needed. Here a duplex electrochemical immunosensor for co-detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) is developed by using a two-working electrode system, via an indirect immunoassay, with antibody quantification obtained by differential pulse voltammetry. The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are modified by carbon black and electrodeposited gold nanoflowers for maximized surface areas, enabling the construction of an immunological chain for S-IgG and N-IgG electrochemical detection with enhanced performance. Using an optimized immunoassay protocol, a wide linear range between 30-750 and 20-1000 ng mL-1 , and a limit of detection of 28 and 15 ng mL-1 are achieved to detect N-IgG and S-IgG simultaneously in serum samples. This duplex immunosensor is then integrated in a microfluidic device to obtain significantly reduced detection time (≤ 7 min) while maintaining its analytical performance. The duplex microfluidic immunosensor can be easily expanded into multiplex format to achieve high throughput screening for the sero-surveillance of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauricio Rios Maciel
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toda-Peters
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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