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Partap M, Verma V, Thakur M, Bhargava B. Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad192. [PMID: 38023473 PMCID: PMC10681008 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values, the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest, particularly in terms of modifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops. By utilizing omics approaches, genomic data, genetic engineering, and gene editing tools, scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s) behind trait regulation such as floral induction, plant architecture, stress resistance, plasticity, adaptation, and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species. These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications. In this review, we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants. The future ornamental plants, such as light-emitting plants, biotic/abiotic stress detectors, and pollution abatement, and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Baranwal VK, Verma MK, Parveen S, Rather TR, Raja WH, Shafi M. Overview on century progress in research on mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) incited by apple mosaic virus/apple necrotic mosaic virus. Virology 2023; 587:109846. [PMID: 37586234 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple mosaic is widely distributed disease throughout the apple growing regions leading to the major adverse effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. Earlier the apple mosaic virus-ApMV was regarded as the only causal agent of the disease, but recently a novel virus apple necrotic mosaic virus-ApNMV have been reported as the causal pathogen from various apple growing countries. Accurate diagnosis of disease and detection of ApMV and ApNMV are of utmost importance, because without this ability we can neither understand nor control this disease. Both the viruses are mostly controlled through quarantine, isolation, sanitation and certification programs depending on sensitive and specific detection methods available. Here we review the 100-year progress in research on apple mosaic disease, which includes history, yield losses, causal agents, their genome organization, replication, traditional to recent detection methods, transmission, distribution and host range of associated viruses and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaya Manzoor
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132, India.
| | | | - Mahendra K Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132, India
| | - Shugufta Parveen
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132, India
| | - Tariq Rasool Rather
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOH-SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190025, India
| | - Wasim H Raja
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132, India
| | - Mansoor Shafi
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea
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Warsi ZI, Khatoon K, Singh P, Rahman LU. Enhancing drought resistance in Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. through overexpression of ACC deaminase gene using thin cell layer regeneration system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238838. [PMID: 37636084 PMCID: PMC10452012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin cultivation faces massive constraints because of its susceptability to drought stress that reduces patchouli propagation and oil yield. The present study has achieved an efficient and rapid direct regeneration system for the transgenic production of P. cablin using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. To establish an efficient regeneration protocol for fast in-vitro multiplication of patchouli plants, leaf, petiole, and transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants were used and inoculated on an MS medium supplemented with different combinations of phytohormones. A comparative study showed a maximum regeneration frequency of 93.30 ± 0.56% per explant was obtained from leaf segments on optimal MS medium fortified with 0.2mg/L BAP and 0.1mg/L NAA. Leaf and petiole explants took 25-35 days to regenerate while tTCL section showed regeneration in just 15-20 days on the same medium. Subsequently, productive genetic transformation protocol OD600 0.6, AS 200µM, 30mg/L kanamycin, and infection time 5 min. was standardized and best-suited explants were infected at optimum conditions from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (LBA 4404) strain harboring ACC deaminase to generate transgenic P. cablin Benth. (CIM-Samarth) plants. The investigation suggested that the optimized protocol provides a maximum transformation frequency of 42 ± 1.9% in 15-20 days from tTCL. The transgenic plants were shifted to the greenhouse with a 52.0 ± 0.8% survival frequency. A molecular docking study confirmed significant binding affinity of ligand ACC with ACC deaminase at the catalytic site, and ligand interactions showed four H-bonds at the binding pocket with amino acids Cys-196, Val-198, Thr-199, and Gly-200 that validate gene relative expression in transgenic plants. Among all transgenic acclimatized greenhouse-grown patchouli plants, line PT4 showed improved drought resistance under severe water stress as its RWC was 71.7 ± 2.3% to 75.7 ± 2.1% which is greater than the RWC of the control plant, 58.30 ± 0.21%. Analysis of the other physiological indicators, H2O2, chlorophyll content, and ROS result support drought resistance ability. Our study concluded that the first report on P. cablin, tTCL direct regeneration, and standardized transformation protocol created a new opportunity for genetic manipulation to achieve drought-resistant patchouli plants for cultivation in all seasons at the commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laiq Ur Rahman
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Bioreactor systems for micropropagation of plants: present scenario and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159588. [PMID: 37152119 PMCID: PMC10154609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant micropropagation has been adapted in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and other related fields for large-scale production of elite plants. The use of liquid media and adoption of bioreactors have escalated the production of healthy plants. Several liquid-phase, gas-phase, temporary immersion, and other modified bioreactors have been used for plant propagation. The design, principle, operational mode, merits, and demerits of various bioreactors used for the regeneration of propagules, such as bulblets, cormlets, rhizomes, microtubers, shoots (subsequent rooting), and somatic embryos, are discussed here. In addition, various parameters that affect plant regeneration are discussed with suitable examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, ; So Young Park,
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, ; So Young Park,
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Iraninasab S, Sharifian S, Homaei A, Homaee MB, Sharma T, Nadda AK, Kennedy JF, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Emerging trends in environmental and industrial applications of marine carbonic anhydrase: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:431-451. [PMID: 34821989 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into commercial products is one of the promising key approaches to solve the problem of climate change. Microbial enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase, NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and methane monooxygenase, have been exploited to convert atmospheric gases into industrial products. Carbonic anhydrases are Zn2+-dependent metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate. They are widespread in bacteria, algae, plants, and higher organisms. In higher organisms, they regulate the physiological pH and contribute to CO2 transport in the blood. In plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria carbonic anhydrases are involved in photosynthesis. Converting CO2 into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases can solidify gaseous CO2, thereby reducing global warming due to the burning of fossil fuels. This review discusses the three-dimensional structures of carbonic anhydrases, their physiological role in marine life, their catalytic mechanism, the types of inhibitors, and their medicine and industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Iraninasab
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, The Kyrewood Centre, Tenbury Wells, Worcs, WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
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Qahtan AA, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM. High-Frequency Plant Regeneration, Genetic Uniformity, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Regenerants in Rutachalepensis L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122820. [PMID: 34961291 PMCID: PMC8704675 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis L., an evergreen shrub in the citrus family, is well-known around the world for its essential oils and variety of bioactivities, indicating its potential medicinal applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of different culture conditions, including plant growth regulators, media types, pH of the medium, and carbon sources, on in vitro regeneration from nodal explants of R. chalepensis. Following 8 weeks of culture, the highest percentage of regeneration (96.3%) and maximum number of shoots (40.3 shoot/explant) with a length of 4.8 cm were obtained with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at pH 5.8, supplemented with 3.0% sucrose and 5.0 µM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) in combination with 1.0 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). For rooting, individually harvested shootlets were transferred on ½ MS (half-strength) supplemented with IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (indole 3-butyric acid), or NAA, and the best response in terms of root induction (91.6%), number of roots (5.3), and root mean length (4.9 cm) was achieved with 0.5 µM IBA after 6 weeks. An average of 95.2 percent of healthy, in vitro regenerated plantlets survived after being transplanted into potting soil, indicating that they were effectively hardened. DNA assays (PCR-based markers) such as random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and directed amplification of minisatellite-region (DAMD) were employed to assess in vitro cultivated R. chalepensis plantlets that produced a monomorphic banding pattern confirming the genetic stability. Additionally, no changes in the flow cytometric profile of ploidy between regenerated plantlets and donor plants were detected. Regeneration of this valuable medicinal plant in vitro will open up new avenues in pharmaceutical biotechnology by providing an unconventional steadfast system for mass multiplication and might be effectively used in genetic manipulation for enhanced bioactive constituents.
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Explant, Medium, and Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Affect Induction and Proliferation of Callus in Abies koreana. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Korean fir (Abies koreana E.H. Wilson) is a unique Pinaceae tree species endemic in Korea. In recent years, it is believed that climate change has caused many of them to die. Therefore, it has become extremely important to protect and preserve this tree species. In this study, the possibility of callus induction using different explants, media, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) was studied. After the dormancy period in May 2020, needles and stem segments that grew from the leaf buds as the explants were collected from one-year-old shoots. The explants were disinfected and subsequently transferred to culture media supplemented with different combinations of auxins and cytokinins. These explants were cultured in the dark in a culture room with a 16 h photoperiod, day/night temperature of 24/18 °C, and 80% relative humidity. After 8 weeks, significant differences were observed in the callus induction and proliferation, as affected by the explant type, basic medium, and PGR. The stem segments were more suitable as the explants for callus induction than needles were. Furthermore, fluffy calli suitable for differentiating the regeneration buds were observed on the calli induced from stem segments. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was the most effective of the three media used in this study, namely MS, Douglas fir cotyledon revised (DCR), and Quoirin and Lepoivre (LP) media, with the highest callus induction ratio of stem segments being 100.0%. The highest fresh callus weight was also observed on the MS medium (819.3 mg). Moreover, the PGR combinations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) consistently exerted a positive influence on callus induction throughout this study. In addition, the advantages of these two kinds of PGR were reflected in callus proliferation. The callus proliferation ratio reached 1147.6% as compared to the initial fresh weight, with a high concentration of 2,4-D (3.0 mg·L−1). In conclusion, the MS medium was optimal for callus induction on the stem segment explants, and 2,4-D promoted callus induction as well as an increased proliferation ratio of callus in A. koreana.
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Mitrofanova I, Ivanova N, Kuzmina T, Mitrofanova O, Zubkova N. In vitro Regeneration of Clematis Plants in the Nikita Botanical Garden via Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:541171. [PMID: 33777060 PMCID: PMC7994861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.541171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of growth regulators, namely, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ), on the morphogenic capacity of 13 cultivars of clematis plants, in terms of their morphological structure formation, shoot regeneration, and somatic embryo development, are presented. The clematis cultivars 'Alpinist,' 'Ay-Nor,' 'Bal Tsvetov,' 'Crimson Star,' 'Crystal Fountain,' 'Kosmicheskaya Melodiya,' 'Lesnaya Opera,' 'Madame Julia Correvon,' 'Nevesta,' 'Nikitsky Rosovyi,' 'Nikolay Rubtsov,' 'Serenada Kryma,' and 'Vechniy Zov' were taken in collection plots of the Nikita Botanical Gardens for use in study. After explant sterilization with 70% ethanol (1 min), 0.3-0.4% Cl2 (15 min), and 1% thimerosal (10 min), 1-cm long segments with a single node were introduced to an in vitro culture. The explants were established on the basal MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.20-8.90 μM) and 0.049 μM NAA, or TDZ (3.0; 6.0, and 9.0 μM) with 30 g/L sucrose and 9 g/L agar. The medium with 0.89 μM BAP served as the control. Culture vessels and test tubes with the explants were maintained in plant growth chamber-controlled conditions: with a 16-h photoperiod, under cool-white light fluorescent lamps with a light intensity of 37.5 μmol m-2 s-1, at a temperature of 24 ± 1°C. Histological analysis demonstrated that adventitious bud and somatic embryo formation in studied clematis cultivars occurred at numerous areas of active meristematic cell zones. The main role of plant growth regulators and its concentrations were demonstrated. It was determined that maximum adventitious microshoot regeneration without any morphological abnormalities formed on the media supplemented with BAP or TDZ. 4.40 μM BAP, or 6.0 μM TDZ were optimal cytokinin concentrations for micropropagation. The explants of 'Alpinist,' 'Ay-Nor,' 'Crimson Star,' 'Crystal Fountain,' 'Nevesta,' and 'Serenada Kryma' cultivars displayed high morphogenetic capacity under in vitro culturing. During indirect somatic embryogenesis, light intensity 37.5 μmol m-2 s-1 stimulated a higher-number somatic embryo formation and a temperature of 26°C affected somatic embryo development. Active formation of primary and secondary somatic embryos was also demonstrated. 2.20 μM BAP with 0.09 μM IBA affected the high-number somatic embryo formation for eight cultivars. Secondary somatic embryogenesis by the same concentration of BAP was induced. The frequency of secondary somatic embryogenesis was higher in 'Crystal Fountain' (100%), 'Crimson Star' (100%), 'Nevesta' (97%), and 'Ay-Nor' (92%) cultivars. Based on these results, the methodology for direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of studied clematis cultivars has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mitrofanova
- Plant Biotechnology and Virology Laboratory, Plant Developmental Biology, Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, FSFIS “The Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS,”Yalta, Russia
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- Plant Biotechnology and Virology Laboratory, Plant Developmental Biology, Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, FSFIS “The Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS,”Yalta, Russia
| | - Tatyana Kuzmina
- Structural Botany and Plant Reproductive Biology Section, FSFIS “The Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS,”Yalta, Russia
| | - Olga Mitrofanova
- Plant Biotechnology and Virology Laboratory, Plant Developmental Biology, Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, FSFIS “The Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS,”Yalta, Russia
| | - Natalya Zubkova
- Floriculture Laboratory, FSFIS “The Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS,”Yalta, Russia
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Androsiuk P, Chwedorzewska KJ, Dulska J, Milarska S, Giełwanowska I. Retrotransposon-based genetic diversity of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. from King George Island (Maritime Antarctic). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:648-663. [PMID: 33437458 PMCID: PMC7790655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica Desv. can be found in diverse Antarctic habitats which may vary considerably in terms of environmental conditions and soil properties. As a result, the species is characterized by wide ecotypic variation in terms of both morphological and anatomical traits. The species is a unique example of an organism that can successfully colonize inhospitable regions due to its phenomenal ability to adapt to both the local mosaic of microhabitats and to general climatic fluctuations. For this reason, D. antarctica has been widely investigated in studies analyzing morphophysiological and biochemical responses to various abiotic stresses (frost, drought, salinity, increased UV radiation). However, there is little evidence to indicate whether the observed polymorphism is accompanied by the corresponding genetic variation. In the present study, retrotransposon-based iPBS markers were used to trace the genetic variation of D. antarctica collected in nine sites of the Arctowski oasis on King George Island (Western Antarctic). The genotyping of 165 individuals from nine populations with seven iPBS primers revealed 125 amplification products, 15 of which (12%) were polymorphic, with an average of 5.6% polymorphic fragments per population. Only one of the polymorphic fragments, observed in population 6, was represented as a private band. The analyzed specimens were characterized by low genetic diversity (uHe = 0.021, I = 0.030) and high population differentiation (F ST = 0.4874). An analysis of Fu's F S statistics and mismatch distribution in most populations (excluding population 2, 6 and 9) revealed demographic/spatial expansion, whereas significant traces of reduction in effective population size were found in three populations (1, 3 and 5). The iPBS markers revealed genetic polymorphism of D. antarctica, which could be attributed to the mobilization of random transposable elements, unique features of reproductive biology, and/or geographic location of the examined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | | | - Justyna Dulska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Sylwia Milarska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Irena Giełwanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
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Mitra M, Gantait S, Mandal N. Coleus forskohlii: advancements and prospects of in vitro biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2359-2371. [PMID: 31989223 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coleus forskohlii syn. Plectranthus barbatus is a popular medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae and order Lamiales. The leaf and root extracts can be utilized for the treatment of various ailments like bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, angina and abdominal disorders. The major metabolite that is found exclusively in the cork cells of the root in C. forskohlii is forskolin, which is used commercially for the treatment of glaucoma, asthma and several heart ailments. The essential oil extracted from the tubers of the plant also exhibits anti-microbial properties. The present review recounts the existing reports on biotechnological approaches like direct, indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis for mass propagation of plantlets; the amelioration of forskolin production through cell suspension and genetic transformation as well as slow growth storage for germplasm conservation. Additionally, the unexplored arenas and the prospective novel approaches are also addressed in this review that can be utilized in designing new experiments in near future on this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Mitra
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India.
| | - Nirmal Mandal
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
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Mitrofanova I, Lesnikova-Sedoshenko N, Mitrofanova O, Smykov A, Chelombit S. Comparative Studies of In Vitro Regeneration Capacity in Some Breeding Forms of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world. Preservation of valuable genotypes and creation of new breeding forms need the effective methods for plant propagation. Biotechnological method makes it possible to multiply valuable genotypes in vitro and produce high-quality plant material. Plantlets were obtained from hybrid peach embryos in five cross combinations. The induction of morphogenesis and the studies of regenerative capacity were carried out on culture media Murashige, Skoog (MS) and Gamborg, Eveleigh (B5) with vitamins and plant growth regulators. The segments of plantlets with 2-3 internodes were placed on MS and B5 media. Use of B5 medium with 0.75-1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA induced organogenesis in the studied hybrid forms. The microshoots of the hybrid form ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ had a high regeneration capacity. In the forms ‘Persey’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘KAT 92-2210’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ low regeneration capacity was noted. An increase in BAP concentration resulted in formation of hydrated microshoots and non-morphogenic callus. It was determined that to obtain normal peach microshoots, the optimal culture parameters were a temperature of 24 ± 1oC, 16-hour photoperiod, and 37.5 μM m-2s-1 light intensity.
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An Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals Putative Regulators of Adventitious Root Formation in Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051225. [PMID: 30862088 PMCID: PMC6429173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation from cuttings is the primary manner for the commercial vegetative propagation of trees. Cuttings is also the main method for the vegetative reproduction of Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’, while knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating the processes is limited. Here, we used mRNA sequencing and an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis to measure changes in gene and protein expression levels during AR formation in Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’. Three comparison groups were established to represent the three developmental stages in the AR formation process. At the transcript level, 4743 genes showed an expression difference in the comparison groups as detected by RNA sequencing. At the protein level, 4005 proteins differed in their relative abundance levels, as indicated by the quantitative proteomic analysis. A comparison of the transcriptome and proteome data revealed regulatory aspects of metabolism during AR formation and development. In summary, hormonal signal transduction is different at different developmental stages during AR formation. Other factors related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and protein degradation and some transcription factor activity levels, were also correlated with AR formation. Studying the identified genes and proteins will provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling AR formation.
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Sharma U, Rai MK, Shekhawat NS, Kataria V. Genetic homogeneity revealed in micropropagated Bauhinia racemosa Lam. using gene targeted markers CBDP and SCoT. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:581-588. [PMID: 30956438 PMCID: PMC6419707 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-00639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two gene targeted markers i.e. CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism were applied to analyze the genetic stability of in vitro propagated plants of Bauhinia racemosa Lam. multiplied by enhanced axillary shoot proliferation of mature tree derived nodal explant. Nine randomly selected micropropagated plants of 1 year age were subjected to molecular analysis. The isolated genomic DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification with a total of 61 primers (25 CBDP and 36 SCoT) out of which 39 primers (21 CBDP and 18 SCoT) produced scorable amplicons. A total of 97 and 88 clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons were produced by CBDP and SCoT primers, respectively. The monomorphic banding pattern obtained through all the tested primers corroborated the true to type nature of in vitro propagated plants of B. racemosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Sharma
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - Manoj K. Rai
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, M.P. 484887 India
| | - N. S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - Vinod Kataria
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
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Muthuraj K, Abdul Kaffoor H, Nagarajan N. Establishment of in vitro protocol and impact of mycorrhization with phosphobacteria on micro propagated Pogostemon mollis Benth. (Lamiaceae). JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1451060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Muthuraj
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
| | - H. Abdul Kaffoor
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
| | - N. Nagarajan
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
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In vitro propagation via organogenesis and synthetic seeds of Urginea altissima (L.f.) Baker: a threatened medicinal plant. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29270334 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient in vitro propagation systems via organogenesis and synthetic seeds were developed for the first time for conservation and commercial propagation from leaf or longitudinal thin cell layer (lTCL) leaf or shoot-tip explants of Urginea altissima. Various plant growth regulators and phloroglucinol were used in semi-solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to establish multiplication of shoots and roots for in vitro regeneration. Of the various treatments, the highest number of shoots (17.4 per lTCL leaf explant) was obtained on liquid MS medium supplemented with 10 µM meta-Topolin (mT) and 2 µM benzyladenine followed by transferal to semi-solid MS media. The shoot tips were encapsulated with liquid MS medium plus 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride. Adventitious shoot regeneration (91.0%; 12.6 shoots per synthetic seed) of synthetic seeds was achieved on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 10 µM mT and 2 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after 15 days of storage in darkness at 25 ± 2 °C. Regenerated shoots rooted (9.8 roots per shoot; 6.5 cm long) efficiently when transferred to 5 µM indole-3-butyric acid and 2.5 µM NAA. All the plantlets were successfully acclimatized (100%) in a vermiculite:soil (1:1 v/v) mixture in the greenhouse.
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Hamza MF, Shaik S, Moodley R. PHYTOCHEMICAL, ELEMENTAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF CRYPTOCARYA LATIFOLIA. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 13:74-80. [PMID: 28852722 PMCID: PMC5566154 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Existing populations of Cryptocarya latifolia (Lauraceae) are rapidly declining as a consequence of their substitutive use for Ocotea bullata. The uncontrolled and excessive removal of the bark and roots of this species has led to the death of many of these plants and may eventually result in its depletion in the natural habitat. Materials and Methods: The secondary metabolites from the leaves and fruits of C. latifolia were extracted using solvents of various polarities, isolated using column chromatography and identified using spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant capacity) of selected phytocompounds at varied concentrations was determined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A propagation study of the species was also conducted. Results: The compounds isolated from the plant were the novel compound, α-pyrone (5-hexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one) and known compounds quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, β-sitosterol, copaene and nerolidol. The radical scavenging activity of the isolated compounds indicated moderate to good anti-oxidant activity. Treatment of explants with BAP: NAA at 1.0:0.01 mg L-1 produced the highest percentage of shoots (94%) and longest shoot length (8.06 mm). Conclusion: This study validates the ethno-medicinal use of the plant and supports the replacement of bark and roots by leaves and fruits for the management and conservation of this declining plant species. The benefits of consuming the fruits are two-fold as they can also contribute to the recommended dietary allowances of most essential elements for the majority of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Falalu Hamza
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu Natal, Westville, Durban,4000, South Africa
| | - Shakira Shaik
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu Natal, Westville, Durban,4000, South Africa
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Li YH, Zhang HN, Wu QS, Muday GK. Transcriptional sequencing and analysis of major genes involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. PLANTA 2017; 245:1193-1213. [PMID: 28303391 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74,745 unigenes were generated and 1975 DEGs were identified. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment were revealed. Adventitious root formation is a crucial step in plant vegetative propagation, but the molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation remains unclear. Adventitious roots formed only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) of mango cotyledon segments, whereas no roots were formed on the opposite, distal cut surface (DCS). To identify the transcript abundance changes linked to adventitious root development, RNA was isolated from PCS and DCS at 0, 4 and 7 days after culture, respectively. Illumina sequencing of libraries generated from these samples yielded 62.36 Gb high-quality reads that were assembled into 74,745 unigenes with an average sequence length of 807 base pairs, and 33,252 of the assembled unigenes at least had homologs in one of the public databases. Comparative analysis of these transcriptome databases revealed that between the different time points at PCS there were 1966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while there were only 51 DEGs for the PCS vs. DCS when time-matched samples were compared. Of these DEGs, 1636 were assigned to gene ontology (GO) classes, the majority of that was involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes and single-organism processes. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment are predicted to encode polar auxin transport carriers, auxin-regulated proteins, cell wall remodeling enzymes and ethylene-related proteins. In order to validate RNA-sequencing results, we further analyzed the expression profiles of 20 genes by quantitative real-time PCR. This study expands the transcriptome information for Mangifera indica and identifies candidate genes involved in adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Hong-Na Zhang
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Qing-Song Wu
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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Ravanfar SA, Orbovic V, Moradpour M, Abdul Aziz M, Karan R, Wallace S, Parajuli S. Improvement of tissue culture, genetic transformation, and applications of biotechnology to Brassica. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:1-25. [PMID: 28460558 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1309821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of in vitro plant regeneration method from Brassica explants via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is influenced by many factors such as culture environment, culture medium composition, explant sources, and genotypes which are reviewed in this study. An efficient in vitro regeneration system to allow genetic transformation of Brassica is a crucial tool for improving its economical value. Methods to optimize transformation protocols for the efficient introduction of desirable traits, and a comparative analysis of these methods are also reviewed. Hence, binary vectors, selectable marker genes, minimum inhibitory concentration of selection agents, reporter marker genes, preculture media, Agrobacterium concentration and regeneration ability of putative transformants for improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brassica are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Ravanfar
- a Department of Agronomy , Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-0300 , USA.,b Citrus Research and Education Center-University of Florida/IFAS , Lake Alfred , FL 33850 , USA.,d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- b Citrus Research and Education Center-University of Florida/IFAS , Lake Alfred , FL 33850 , USA
| | - Mahdi Moradpour
- d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Maheran Abdul Aziz
- d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Ratna Karan
- a Department of Agronomy , Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-0300 , USA
| | - Simon Wallace
- c Department of Biology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA 52242-1324 , USA
| | - Saroj Parajuli
- e Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Wimauma , FL 33598 , USA
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Spadeto MS, Carrijo TT, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. The Cornerstone for in Vitro Propagation and Ploidy Stability of Myrsine (Primulaceae) Species. CYTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.82.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Sossai Spadeto
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Bakhshaie M, Khosravi S, Azadi P, Bagheri H, van Tuyl JM. Biotechnological advances in Lilium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1799-826. [PMID: 27318470 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern powerful techniques in plant biotechnology have been developed in lilies (Lilium spp., Liliaceae) to propagate, improve and make new phenotypes. Reliable in vitro culture methods are available to multiply lilies rapidly and shorten breeding programs. Lilium is also an ideal model plant to study in vitro pollination and embryo rescue methods. Although lilies are recalcitrant to genetic manipulation, superior genotypes are developed with improved flower colour and form, disease resistance and year round forcing ability. Different DNA molecular markers have been developed for rapid indirect selection, genetic diversity evaluation, mutation detection and construction of Lilium linkage map. Some disease resistance-QTLs are already mapped on the Lilium linkage map. This review presents latest information on in vitro propagation, genetic engineering and molecular advances made in lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakhshaie
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Khosravi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pejman Azadi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Bagheri
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Bu Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jaap M van Tuyl
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Plíhalová L, Vylíčilová H, Doležal K, Zahajská L, Zatloukal M, Strnad M. Synthesis of aromatic cytokinins for plant biotechnology. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:614-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. Insights into the multifaceted application of microscopic techniques in plant tissue culture systems. PLANTA 2015; 242:773-790. [PMID: 26162927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic techniques remain an integral tool which has allowed for the better understanding and manipulation of in vitro plant culture systems. The recent advancements will inevitably help to unlock the long-standing mysteries of fundamental biological mechanisms of plant cells. Beyond the classical applications in micropropagation aimed at the conservation of endangered and elite commercial genotypes, plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have become a platform for elucidating a myriad of fundamental physiological and developmental processes. In conjunction with microscopic techniques, in vitro culture technology has been at the centre of important breakthroughs in plant growth and development. Applications of microscopy and plant tissue culture have included elucidation of growth and development processes, detection of in vitro-induced physiological disorders as well as subcellular localization using fluorescent protein probes. Light and electron microscopy have been widely used in confirming the bipolarity of somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis. The technique highlights basic anatomical, structural and histological evidence for in vitro-induced physiological disorders during plant growth and development. In this review, we discuss some significant biological insights in plant growth and development, breakthroughs and limitations of various microscopic applications and the exciting possibilities offered by emergent in vivo live imaging and fluorescent protein engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Sotoudeh Ardabili
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
| | - Rasool Asghari Zakaria
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
| | - Nasser Zare
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
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Arab MM, Yadollahi A, Hosseini-Mazinani M, Bagheri S. Effects of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles on in vitro establishment of G×N15 (hybrid of almond×peach) rootstock. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sharma S, Shahzad A, Kumar J, Anis M. In vitro propagation and synseed production of scarlet salvia (Salvia splendens). RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-014-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Callus culture development of two varieties of Tagetes erecta and carotenoid production. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration fromIn VitroCultured Leaves, Petioles and Scales ofLilium Leucanthum(Baker) Baker. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/v10133-010-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Matsuda S, Sato M, Ohno S, Yang SJ, Doi M, Hosokawa M. Cutting Leaves and Plant Growth Regulator Application Enhance Somaclonal Variation Induced by Transposition of VGs1 of Saintpaulia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.mi-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Krishnan SR, Priya AM, Ramesh M. Rapid regeneration and ploidy stability of 'cv IR36' indica rice (Oryza Sativa. L) confers efficient protocol for in vitro callus organogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:47. [PMID: 28510899 PMCID: PMC5430341 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal crops are the major targets for transformation mediated crop improvement and IR36 is an early maturing, high yielding, insect and disease resistant rice variety however, it is abiotic stress sensitive. Hence, development of an efficient and reproducible micropropagation system via somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation is prerequisite to develop abiotic stress tolerant IR36. Further, Genetic stability of analysis of plantlets through RAPD and ISSR and Ploidy level through Flow cytometry (FCM) measurement of 2C DNA content is necessary for future application of transformed IR36. RESULTS In this study, Mature seeds inoculated on (Murashige and Skoog) MS medium with 11.31 μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.3 μM Kinetin (Kn) had highest callus induction frequency (98%). The highest regeneration frequency (80%) was observed in MS + 13.28 μM Benzyladenine (BA) with 8.06 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Flow Cytometry (FCM) analysis showed no significant variation in the 2C DNA (0.81 pg/2C) content and Ploidy level between wild type IR36 and in vitro maintained rice lines. Of the various OD bacterial culture, an optimum OD of 0.4 and inoculation duration of 10 min resulted in efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. β-glucuronidase activity was maximum in callus (99.05%). CONCLUSIONS These results described here confirm the reliability of this protocol for micropropagation and delivery of desirable gene using A. tumefaciens into indica rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Mohana Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003 Tamil Nadu India
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Cardoso JC, Teixeira da Silva JA. Gerbera micropropagation. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1344-57. [PMID: 23743093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gerbera jamesonii (gerbera) is an important cut-flower in the global floricultural industry. Micropropagation is the main system used to clonally propagate gerbera in vitro resulting in the production of millions of plantlets each year. Numerous types of explants and protocols for micropropagation have been established and used for gerbera. Shoot tips are the commonly used explant while adventitious shoot induction from the capitulum is also a popular method. Most papers in the literature have focused on testing the influence of different types and combinations of plant growth regulators with the aim of improving the regeneration and multiplication stage of one or few cultivars. Genotype is one of the most influential factors on the response of gerbera in vitro. Despite this, no successful universal protocol has yet been developed for multiple cultivars, limiting the usefulness of current protocols for commercial biotechnology labs. Slow-growing endogenous bacteria are one of the most important problems in gerbera micropropagation but require more studies on control and prevention. Individual shoots are normally easy to root, usually in excess of 90% of plantlets, but the acclimatization stage requires improvements and new technologies to increase the survival of plants. Epigenetic variations in micropropagated gerbera are frequently observed only with high concentrations of cytokinins in the culture medium but somaclonal variation is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Cardoso
- Depto. de Desenvolvimento Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal de São Carlos (CCA/UFSCAR), Rod. Anhanguera, km 174, CEP 13600-000 Araras, Brazil.
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Sato M, Hosokawa M, Doi M. Somaclonal variation is induced de novo via the tissue culture process: a study quantifying mutated cells in Saintpaulia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23541. [PMID: 21853148 PMCID: PMC3154937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of somaclonal variation has not been questioned previously, i.e., "pre-existing mutations" in explants and "newly induced mutations" arising from the tissue culture process have not been distinguished. This is primarily because there has been no reliable molecular method for estimating or quantifying variation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We adopted a petal-variegated cultivar of Saintpaulia 'Thamires' (Saintpaulia sp.) as the model plant. Based on the difference between the pre- and post-transposon excision sequence of the promoter region of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydoroxylase (F3'5'H), we estimated mutated (transposon-excised) cell percentages using a quantitative real-time PCR. Mutated cell percentages in leaf laminae used as explants was 4.6 and 2.4% in highly or low variegation flower plants, respectively, although the occurrences of blue color mutants in their regenerants were more than 40%. Preexisting mutated cell percentages in cultured explants were considerably lower than the mutated plant percentage among total regenerants via tissue culture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The estimation of mutated cell percentages became possible using the quantitative real-time PCR. The origins of mutations were successfully distinguished; it was confirmed that somaclonal variations are mainly caused by newly generated mutations arising from tissue culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoaki Doi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Sato M, Kawabe T, Hosokawa M, Tatsuzawa F, Doi M. Tissue culture-induced flower-color changes in Saintpaulia caused by excision of the transposon inserted in the flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase (F3'5'H) promoter. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:929-939. [PMID: 21293860 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The variegated Saintpaulia cultivar Thamires (Saintpaulia sp.), which has pink petals with blue splotches, is generally maintained by leaf cuttings. In contrast, tissue culture-derived progeny of the cultivar showed not only a high percentage of mutants with solid-blue petals but also other solid-color variants, which have not been observed from leaf cuttings. Solid-color phenotypes were inherited stably by their progeny from tissue culture. Petals from each solid-color variant were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and shown to contain different proportions of three main anthocyanin derivatives: malvidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin. Analysis of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) sequences showed no differences in the coding region among the variants and variegated individuals. However, a transposon belonging to the hAT superfamily was found in the promoter region of variegated individuals, and the presence of transposon-related insertions or deletions correlated with the observed flower-color phenotypes. Solid-blue flower mutants contained 8-base pair (bp) insertions (transposon excision footprints), while solid-pink mutants had 58- to 70-bp insertions, and purple- and deep-purple mutants had 21- and 24-bp deletions, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that F3'5'H expression levels correlated with insertions and deletions (indels) caused by hAT excision, resulting in flower-color differences. Our results showed that tissue culture of Saintpaulia 'Thamires' elicits transposon excision, which in turn alters F3'5'H expression levels and flower colors.
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MESH Headings
- Anthocyanins/biosynthesis
- Base Sequence
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- DNA Transposable Elements
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Flowers/chemistry
- Flowers/enzymology
- Flowers/genetics
- Flowers/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- INDEL Mutation
- Magnoliopsida/chemistry
- Magnoliopsida/enzymology
- Magnoliopsida/genetics
- Magnoliopsida/growth & development
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Pigments, Biological/biosynthesis
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/chemistry
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Naik SK, Chand PK. Tissue culture-mediated biotechnological intervention in pomegranate: a review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:707-721. [PMID: 21161233 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The past 30 years have witnessed a series of systematic biotechnological advances made in pomegranate. These encompass optimization and establishment of in vitro culture techniques including micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, plant regeneration via callus-mediated shoot organogenesis, adventitious shoot regeneration, anther culture, tetraploid induction and genetic transformation. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account on the tissue culture-mediated biotechnological interventions made in pomegranate aimed at complementing conventional programmes for improvement of this nutraceutically important fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendra K Naik
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Orissa, India
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35
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Yang X, Zhang X. Regulation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Higher Plants. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2010; 29:36-57. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07352680903436291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Yang
- a National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- a National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
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36
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Abstract
Chrysanthemum flowers Chrysanthemum x grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam., are commercially significant worldwide as there are large number of cultivars for cut flowers, pot flowers, and garden flowers. Commercial in vitro multiplication of chrysanthemum is often based on stem nodal explants with lateral meristems. This chapter describes a protocol for in vitro propagation from stem nodal explants and by direct organogenesis from pedicel explants producing large number of true-to-type plantlets in 4-8 week on Murashige and Skoog (MS) based media. Also, true mutants with changed flower color are obtained without producing chimeras after gamma-irradiation in mutation breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nencheva
- Institute of Ornamental Plants, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Del Villar-Martínez AA, Vanegas-Espinoza PE, Paredes-López O. Marigold regeneration and molecular analysis of carotenogenic genes. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 589:213-221. [PMID: 20099104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous plant of industrial, ornamental and medicinal importance. Tagetes erecta species, popularly known as marigold, is grown as ornamental plant and is adapted to several agro climates. Inflorescences have been utilized as pigment source for food coloring, mainly of poultry skin and eggs. Lutein is the main pigment in marigold flowers. Some carotenoids are well known as provitamin A compounds. There are many reports on carotenoids and their effect on the prevention of certain ocular diseases, ischemic heart disease, strokes, photoprotection, immune response, aging and cancer. Marigold flowers are certainly a good source of carotenoids; they show very different pigmentation levels. This chapter describes the establishment of techniques for plant regeneration, gene expression, pigment extraction and pigment deposition in specific structures of marigold.
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Greer MS, Kovalchuk I, Eudes F. Ammonium nitrate improves direct somatic embryogenesis and biolistic transformation of Triticum aestivum. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiang J, An S, Zhou C, Guan B, Sun Z, Cai Y, Liu F. Fragment propagation and colonization ability enhanced and varied at node level after escaping from apical dominance in submerged macrophytes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 51:308-315. [PMID: 19261074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants develop strong fragment propagation and colonization ability to endure the natural disturbances. However, detailed research of ability to endure the natural disturbances has been lacking to date. Therefore, reproduction (shoot) and colonization (root) of shoot fragments of Potamogeton crispus L. with or without apices were investigated for the effect of apical dominance, and the growth of decapitated shoot fragments at three lengths (2, 4, 6 cm) was compared. Meanwhile, fragment propagation at levels of bud position was studied for bud position effect after escaping from apical dominance. The results showed significant increases occurred in the outgrowth of lateral branches on fragments decapitated compared with the fragments with apices, implying that apical dominance exists. Different lengths of fragments showed little difference in biomass allocations, but significant differences were noted in their propagation. Meanwhile, the effect of bud position was verified, due to the significant difference of average reproduction per node among the three length groups. Thus, the present study has made progress in the current understanding of aquatic plant dispersion among natural systems and contributes to improve methods of in vitro propagation for re-implantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Uses, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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