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Nagarajan R, Eswaramoorthi SG, Anandkumar A, Ramkumar M. Geochemical fractionation, mobility of elements and environmental significance of surface sediments in a Tropical River, Borneo. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115090. [PMID: 37263028 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Miri River is a tropical river in Borneo that drains on flat terrain and urbanised area and debauches into the South China Sea. This paper documents the environmental status of this river, and provides an insight into the provenance using bulk chemistry of the sediments, and brings out the geochemical mobility, bioavailability, and potential toxicity of some critical elements based on BCR sequential extraction. The sediments are intense to moderately weathered and recycled products of Neogene sedimentary rocks. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the river favoured an upstream section dominated by fine sand, while the downstream sediments are medium silt. Based on the bulk geochemistry, the Miri River sediments are moderate to considerably contaminated by Cu, Mo, and As in the upstream and by Sb, As and Cu in the downstream. The potential ecological risk values are low except Cu and a significant biological impact is expected in downstream due to Cu, As, Zn and Cr. The mobility, bioavailability and Risk Assessment Code values for Zn and Mn are higher and thus may pose moderate to very high risk to aquatic organisms. Though a high bulk concentration of Cu is observed, the association of Cu with the bioavailable fraction is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagarajan
- Department of Applied Sciences (Applied Geology), Curtin University, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University, Malaysia.
| | | | - A Anandkumar
- Department of Applied Sciences (Applied Geology), Curtin University, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - M Ramkumar
- Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Guava Seed Oil: Potential Waste for the Rhamnolipids Production. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guava is consumed in natura and is also of considerable importance to the food industry. The seeds and peel of this fruit are discarded, however, guava seeds yield oil (~13%) that can be used for the bioproducts synthesis. The use of a by-product as a carbon source is advantageous, as it reduces the environmental impact of possible harmful materials to nature, while adding value to products. In addition, the use of untested substrates can bring new yield and characterization results. Thus, this research sought to study rhamnolipids (RLs) production from guava seed oil, a by-product of the fructorefinery. The experiments were carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI 2A1 and experimental design was used to optimize the variables Carbon and Nitrogen concentration. Characterization of RLs produced occurred by LC-MS. In this study, variables in the quadratic forms and the interaction between them influenced the response (p < 0.05). The most significant variable was N concentration. Maximum RLs yield achieved 39.97 g/L, predominantly of mono-RL. Characterization analysis revealed 9 homologues including the presence of RhaC10C14:2 (m/z 555) whose structure has not previously been observed. This research showed that guava seed oil is an alternative potential carbon source for rhamnolipid production with rare rhamnolipid homologues.
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Dominic D, Baidurah S. Recent Developments in Biological Processing Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment-A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040525. [PMID: 35453724 PMCID: PMC9031994 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Palm oil mill effluent (POME) requires treatment prior to discharge to the environment. Biological processing technology is highly preferable due to its advantages of environmentally friendliness, cost effectiveness, and practicality. These methods utilized various designs and modifications of bioreactors fostering effective fermentation technology in the presence of fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and a consortium of microorganisms. This review highlights the recent biological processing technology for POME treatment as a resource utilization. Abstract POME is the most voluminous waste generated from palm oil milling activities. The discharge of POME into the environment without any treatment processing could inflict an undesirable hazard to humans and the environment due to its high amount of toxins, organic, and inorganic materials. The treatment of POME prior to discharge into the environment is utmost required to protect the liability for human health and the environment. Biological treatments are preferable due to eco-friendly attributes that are technically and economically feasible. The goal of this review article is to highlight the current state of development in the biological processing technologies for POME treatment. These biological processing technologies are conducted in the presence of fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and a consortium of microorganisms. Numerous microbes are listed to identify the most efficient strain by monitoring the BOD, COD, working volume of the reactor, and treatment time. The most effective processing technology for POME treatment uses an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with the COD value of 99%, hydraulic retention time of 7.2 days, and a working volume of 4.7 litres. Biological processing technologies are mooted as an efficient and sustainable management practice of POME waste.
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Martinez-Burgos WJ, Bittencourt Sydney E, Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros A, Magalhães AI, de Carvalho JC, Karp SG, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L, Junior Letti LA, Thomaz Soccol V, de Melo Pereira GV, Rodrigues C, Lorenci Woiciechowski A, Soccol CR. Agro-industrial wastewater in a circular economy: Characteristics, impacts and applications for bioenergy and biochemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125795. [PMID: 34523570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The generation of agroindustrial byproducts is rising fast worldwide. The slaughter of animals, the production of bioethanol, and the processing of oil palm, cassava, and milk are industrial activities that, in 2019, generated huge amounts of wastewaters, around 2448, 1650, 256, 85, and 0.143 billion liters, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to reduce the environmental impact of these effluents through new integrated processes applying biorefinery and circular economy concepts to produce energy or new products. This review provides the characteristics of some of the most important agro-industrial wastes, including their physicochemical composition, worldwide average production, and possible environmental impacts. In addition, some alternatives for reusing these materials are addressed, focusing mainly on energy savings and the possibilities of generating value-added products. Finally, this review considers recent research and technological innovations and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter José Martinez-Burgos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Irineudo Magalhães
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Vinícius de Melo Pereira
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil.
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Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial strain, identified as Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 POME, was isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The present article highlights the potential utilization of POME as a sole fermentation medium by Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to produce biomass fuel via aerobic fermentation. The fermentation was performed in a shake flask with a working volume of 300 mL, agitated at 180 rpm, incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for various fermentation hours, ranging from 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, and was followed by a drying process. Elucidation of the POME characteristics, calorific energy values (CEV), moisture content (MC), oil and grease content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, total nitrogen, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) were performed. The results demonstrate that the highest CEV, of 21.25 ± 0.19 MJ/kg, was obtained at 48 h fermentation. High amounts of extractable oil and nitrogen content were retrieved at the highest CEV reading of the fermented and dried POME samples, which were 17.95 ± 0.02% and 12.80 ± 0.08%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies for the COD (50.83%), the BOD (71.73%), and the TSS (42.99%) were achieved at 120 h of fermentation, with an operating pH ranging from 4.49–4.54. The XRF analysis reveals that the fermented and dried products consisted of elements that had a high amount of carbon and potassium, and a significantly low amount of silica, which is sufficient for the effective burning of biomass fuel in the boiler.
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Show KY, Lo EKV, Wong WS, Lee JY, Yan Y, Lee DJ. Integrated Anaerobic/Oxic/Oxic treatment for high strength palm oil mill effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125509. [PMID: 34271500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Safe disposal of effluent from palm oil production poses an environmental concern. The highly polluting effluent is customarily treated by unsustainable open ponds with low efficiency, direct emissions, and massive land use. This study looks into an application of integrated anaerobic/oxic/oxic scheme for treatment of high strength palm oil mill effluent. The anaerobic reactors functioned as a prime degrader that removed up to 97.5% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), while the aerobic reactors played a role of an effluent polisher that further reduced the COD. Their complementing roles resulted in a remarkable removal of 99.7%. Assessment of emission mitigation and biogas energy revealed that yearly energy of 53.2 TJ, emissions reduction of 239,237 tCO2 and revenue of USD 1.40 millions can be generated out of electricity generation and heating. The integrated scheme provides a viable and sustainable treatment of the high strength palm oil mill effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yeow Show
- Puritek Research Institute, Puritek Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Eric Kian Vui Lo
- UAGB Biotech Sdn. Bhd. Cheras Traders Square, Cheras, Selangor 43200, Malaysia
| | - Wee Shen Wong
- UAGB Biotech Sdn. Bhd. Cheras Traders Square, Cheras, Selangor 43200, Malaysia
| | - Ji Yuan Lee
- UAGB Biotech Sdn. Bhd. Cheras Traders Square, Cheras, Selangor 43200, Malaysia
| | - Yuegen Yan
- Puritek Research Institute, Puritek Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Duu Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong.
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Yunan NAM, Shin TY, Sabaratnam V. Upcycling the Spent Mushroom Substrate of the Grey Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius as a Source of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Hydrolysis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:823-832. [PMID: 33958505 PMCID: PMC9705832 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom cultivation along with the palm oil industry in Malaysia have contributed to large volumes of accumulated lignocellulosic residues that cause serious environmental pollution when these agroresidues are burned. In this study, we illustrated the utilization of lignocellulolytic enzymes from the spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus pulmonarius for the hydrolysis of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The hydrolysate was used for the production of biohydrogen gas and enzyme assays were carried out to determine the productivities/activities of lignin peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in spent mushroom substrate. Further, the enzyme cocktails were concentrated for the hydrolysis of POME. Central composite design of response surface methodology was performed to examine the effects of enzyme loading, incubation time and pH on the reducing sugar yield. Productivities of the enzymes for xylanase, laccase, endoglucanase, lignin peroxidase and β-glucosidase were 2.3, 4.1, 14.6, 214.1, and 915.4 U g-1, respectively. A maximum of 3.75 g/l of reducing sugar was obtained under optimized conditions of 15 h incubation time with 10% enzyme loading (v/v) at a pH of 4.8, which was consistent with the predicted reducing sugar concentration (3.76 g/l). The biohydrogen cumulative volume (302.78 ml H2.L-1 POME) and 83.52% biohydrogen gas were recorded using batch fermentation which indicated that the enzymes of spent mushroom substrate can be utilized for hydrolysis of POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Anisa Mat Yunan
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Yee Shin
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Corresponding author Phone/Fax: +60379676753 E-mail:
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Desmiarti R, Rosadi MY, Emeraldi P, Hazmi A. Integrated Evaluation of POME Treatment by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Based on Yield of H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, EEM and Removal of COD. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.20we093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reni Desmiarti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Bung Hatta
| | | | | | - Ariadi Hazmi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Andalas University
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Cheng YW, Chong CC, Lam MK, Ayoub M, Cheng CK, Lim JW, Yusup S, Tang Y, Bai J. Holistic process evaluation of non-conventional palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment technologies: A conceptual and comparative review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124964. [PMID: 33418292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thriving oil palm agroindustry comes at a price of voluminous waste generation, with palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the most cumbersome waste due to its liquid state, high strength, and great discharge volume. In view of incompetent conventional ponding treatment, a voluminous number of publications on non-conventional POME treatments is filed in the Scopus database, mainly working on alternative or polishing POME treatments. In dearth of such comprehensive review, all the non-conventional POME treatments are rigorously reviewed in a conceptual and comparative manner. Herein, non-conventional POME treatments are sorted into the five major routes, viz. biological (bioconversions - aerobic/anaerobic biodegradation), physical (flotation & membrane filtration), chemical (Fenton oxidation), physicochemical (photooxidation, steam reforming, coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, & ultrasonication), and bioelectrochemical (microbial fuel cell) pathways. For aforementioned treatments, the constraints, pros, and cons are qualitatively and quantitatively (with compiled performance data) detailed to indicate their process maturity. Authors recommended (i) bioconversions, adsorption, and steam reforming as primary treatments, (ii) flotation and ultrasonication as pretreatments, (iii) Fenton oxidation, photooxidation, and membrane filtration as polishing treatments, and (iv) microbial fuel cell and coagulation-flocculation as pretreatment or polishing treatment. Life cycle assessments are required to evaluate the environmental, economic, and energy aspects of each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Wang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Chi Cheng Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ayoub
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Tang PL, Hong WL, Yue CS, Harun S. Palm oil mill effluent as the pretreatment solvent of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for fermentable sugars production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123723. [PMID: 32599527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment is an essential upstream process to deconstruct oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFBF) prior to sugars production. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of OPEFBF pretreatment using palm oil mill effluent (POME) as solvent. The effect of alkali catalyst (5%w/w NaOH and ammonia), temperature (90,120,135 °C) and time (60,120,180 min) on the efficiency of pretreatment (OPEFBF-to-solvent ratio of 1:25) was also investigated. The results indicated that POME-pretreatment (135 °C, 180 min) enhanced glucose yield by only ~56%. Glucose production was increased about 5.8-fold to 495.3 ± 5.9 mg g-1 OPEFBF when NaOH was added in POME-pretreatment (Na-P). The xylose production from OPEFBF was increased about 3.7-fold after ammonia-catalyzed POME-pretreatment. About 12.1 ± 0.2 g L-1 of ethanol was produced from Na-P-hydrolysate at molar conversion of 59.4 ± 1.4%. This research provides new insight into the use of POME as a cost-effective pretreatment solvent of OPEFBF to reduce upstream process cost by cutting down water usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ling Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wai Lun Hong
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Son Yue
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaida Harun
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Applications of Fenton oxidation processes for decontamination of palm oil mill effluent: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Integrated System Technology of POME Treatment for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production in Malaysia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, production of biohydrogen and biomethane (or a mixture of these; biohythane) from organic wastes using two-stage bioreactor have been implemented by developing countries such as Germany, USA and the United Kingdom using the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In Thailand, biohythane production in a two-stage process has been widely studied. However, in Malaysia, treating organic and agricultural wastes using an integrated system of dark fermentation (DF) coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD) is scarce. For instance, in most oil palm mills, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is treated using a conventional open-ponding system or closed-digester tank for biogas capture. This paper reviewed relevant literature studies on treating POME and other organic wastes using integrated bioreactor implementing DF and/or AD process for biohydrogen and/or biomethane production. Although the number of papers that have been published in this area is increasing, a further review is needed to reveal current technology used and its benefits, especially in Malaysia, since Malaysia is the second-largest oil palm producer in the world.
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Jarujareet P, Nakkanong K, Luepromchai E, Suttinun O. Bioaugmentation coupled with phytoremediation for the removal of phenolic compounds and color from treated palm oil mill effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32065-32079. [PMID: 31493076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential for coupling bioaugmentation with phytoremediation to simultaneously treat and utilize treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) in animal feed production was determined from a reduction in phenolic compounds and color in soil leachates, as well as from an increased yield of pasture grass. Two phenol-degrading bacteria-Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1-were inoculated into the Brachiaria humidicola rhizosphere before the application of TPOME. A pot study showed that the soil with both grass and inoculated bacteria had the highest dephenolization and decolorization efficiencies, with a maximum capability of removing 70% from 587 mg total phenolic compounds added and 73% from 4438 color units during ten TPOME application cycles. The results corresponded to increases in the number of phenol-degrading bacteria and the grass yield. In a field study, this treatment was able to remove 46% from 21,453 mg total phenolic compounds added, with a maximum color removal efficiency of 52% from 5105 color units, while the uninoculated plots removed about 24-39% and 29-46% of phenolic compounds and color, respectively. The lower treatment performance was probably due to the increased TPOME concentrations. Based on the amounts of phenolic compounds, protein, and crude fiber in the grass biomass, the inoculated TPOME-treated grass had a satisfactory nutritional quality and digestibility for use as animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palist Jarujareet
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nakkanong
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Oramas Suttinun
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Al-Qodah Z, Al-Qudah Y, Omar W. On the performance of electrocoagulation-assisted biological treatment processes: a review on the state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28689-28713. [PMID: 31414385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment systems have become a potential alternative to treat highly polluted industrial wastewater to achieve high-quality treated effluents. The current review focuses on the treatment systems compromising electrocoagulation (EC) as a pretreatment step followed by a biological treatment step. The reasons for applying EC as a pretreatment process were mainly to (1) detoxify the wastewater by removing inhibitors of the biotreatment step or (2) to remove the major part of the COD or (3) the dissolved materials that could cause fouling to membrane bioreactors or (4) to increase the activity of the microorganisms. This combination represents a new and promising application characterized by higher performance and removal efficiency. The main published findings related to this application are presented and analyzed. Besides, the statistical models used to optimize the process variables and the kinetics of microorganism growth rate are discussed herein. Most of the previous investigations were conducted in a laboratory-scale level with biologically treated water as a feed to the EC process. Only a few works applied a hybrid system consisting of the biological step and the EC step. In all studies, improved performance and higher removal efficiencies of the combined process were achieved particularly when applying aluminum electrodes, providing more than 95% removal efficiency. Many researchers have reported that they had faced a significant problem in the operation of the electrocoagulation process associated with the reduction of electrodes' efficiency caused by deposits of the coagulation complex. This problem needs to be effectively resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, 11134, Jordan.
| | - Yahiya Al-Qudah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Waid Omar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, 11134, Jordan
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Chung AYK, Qamaruz Zaman N, Yaacof N, Yusoff S, Abd. Manaf FY, Mohamed Halim R, Abd. Majid R. The Effectiveness of Gas Recovery Systems for Managing Odour from Conventional Effluent Treatment Ponds in Palm Oil Mills in Malaysia. CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING REPORTS 2019; 29:70-85. [DOI: 10.2478/ceer-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas recovery systems at palm oil mills enable the curtailment of uncontrolled greenhouse gas emissions from open anaerobic pond, but can also reduce odour, an aspect which has not yet been substantiated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the odour emission from palm oil mill effluent and the effectiveness of covers and tank digester in reducing odour emission from the open lagoons. Odour samples were obtained from the cooling ponds in conjunction with in-field odour assessment performed on site. Results demonstrated that odour released from open ponding or covered lagoon were almost comparable, ranging from 33,150 – 162,000 OU/m<sup>3</sup>, and 68,705 – 102,000 OU/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. In contrast, odour emission from cooling pond which used tank digester system seemed markedly lower, ranging between 13,000 – 76,000 OU/m<sup>3</sup>. In fact, the analysis of ambient air close to anaerobic tank digesters proved a reduction of odour emission to the surroundings (with 3.5 OU/m<sup>3</sup>, weak intensity) compared to open pond (with 2700 OU/m<sup>3</sup>, strong intensity) or covered lagoon (with 111 OU/m<sup>3</sup>, distinct intensity). In conclusion, gas recovery systems at palm oil mills should be promoted not only towards the management of greenhouse gaseous, but also as an odour impact management strategy.
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Monitoring of Ammoniacal Nitrogen and Phosphate in the Leachates When Diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent was Used as a Fertilizer. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.1586.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains a high amount of nutrients and organic matter; therefore, it has been considered as an alternative liquid fertilizer (LF). However, the studies on the reuse of POME as fertilizer have been mostly limited to nutrients absorption but the leachates were neglected. Such approach caused potential impacts on ground water pollution. Thus, this research aimed to compare the leachabilities of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphate (PO43-), as well as the growth rates of oil palm seedlings in three different watering conditions. Six oil palm seedlings were watered with either POME, LF or tap water. The leachates from each seedling pot were collected weekly and analyzed for their NH3-N and PO43- concentrations. The pots which were watered with tap water showed the highest leaching rate of 0.0251 mg.L-1.week-1 for NH3-N and 0.0392 mg.L-1.week-1 for PO43-. The average concentrations of NH3-N in the leachates from the POME, LF and tap water potswere 0.45, 0.38 and 0.36 mg/L, respectively, whereas for PO43-, the average concentrations were 1.09 (POME), 0.96 (LF) and 0.66 (tap water) mg/L. The quickest plant growth rates were recorded in tap water (0.56 cm/day), followed by LF (0.51 cm/day) and POME (0.42 cm/day).
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Wenten IG, Khoiruddin K, Aryanti PT, Victoria AV, Tanukusuma G. Membrane-based zero-sludge palm oil mill plant. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The palm oil industry is one of the most important agro-industries for tropical countries because of the unique properties and wide range of uses of palm oil for various end products. In a palm oil extraction process, a large quantity of water is required, of which half the quantity will end up as effluent. This palm oil mill effluent (POME) has an extremely high content of organic matter, which can cause severe pollution of waterways and other environmental problems. Disposal of this highly polluting effluent has become a major problem for the palm oil mills. Therefore, several methods have been proposed either to treat the POME so it could comply with environmental regulation while discharged or to recover water and other valuable components from the effluent. Membrane technology has emerged as a feasible alternative to conventional treatment in vegetable oil processing because of its attractive features such as low energy consumption, reduction in the number of processing steps, high separation efficiency, and improvement of the final product quality. In the case of POME treatment, an integrated membrane-based process promises efficient water recycling and total solid recovery from the effluent, thus eliminating the environmental problem. Recently, a novel concept combining oil–oil extraction and continuous filtration using a superhydrophobic membrane has been proposed to achieve a zero-sludge palm oil mill. In this concept, the huge wastewater effluent generated from the conventional process can be eliminated and the palm oil milling process simplified. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic membrane enables the production of high-purity palm oil. In this paper, we review the prospect of a zero-sludge palm oil mill concept and strategies to achieve the proposed concept. In addition, we also highlight the development of the superhydrophobic membrane and phytonutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Gede Wenten
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
| | - K. Khoiruddin
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
| | - Putu T.P. Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department , Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani , PO BOX 148 , Cimahi , Indonesia
| | - Agnes V. Victoria
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
| | - Grace Tanukusuma
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
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Pakalapati H, Chang CK, Show PL, Arumugasamy SK, Lan JCW. Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from waste feedstocks and applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bala JD, Lalung J, Al-Gheethi AAS, Hossain K, Ismail N. Microbiota of Palm Oil Mill Wastewater in Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2018; 29:131-163. [PMID: 30112146 PMCID: PMC6072722 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying indigenous microorganisms from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and to ascertain the microbial load. Isolation and identification of indigenous microorganisms was subjected to standard microbiological methods and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes for the microbial strains signifies that they were known as Micrococcus luteus 101PB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 102PB, Bacillus cereus 103PB, Providencia vermicola 104PB, Klebsiella pneumoniae 105PB, Bacillus subtilis 106PB, Aspergillus fumigatus 107PF, Aspergillus nomius 108PF, Aspergillus niger 109PF and Meyerozyma guilliermondii 110PF. Results revealed that the population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 9.5 × 105 - 7.9 × 106 cfu/mL. The total heterotrophic fungi (THF) ranged from 2.1 × 104 - 6.4 × 104 cfu/mL. Total viable heterotrophic indigenous microbial population on CMC agar ranged from 8.2 × 105 - 9.1 × 106 cfu/mL and 1.4 × 103 - 3.4 × 103 cfu/mL for bacteria and fungi respectively. The microbial population of oil degrading bacteria (ODB) ranged from 6.4 × 105 - 4.8 × 106 cfu/mL and the oil degrading fungi (ODF) ranged from 2.8 × 103 - 4.7 × 104 cfu/mL. The findings revealed that microorganisms flourish well in POME. Therefore, this denotes that isolating native microorganisms from POME is imperative for effectual bioremediation, biotreatment and biodegradation of industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah David Bala
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Japareng Lalung
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kaizar Hossain
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norli Ismail
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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22
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Nwuche CO, Murata Y, Nweze JE, Ndubuisi IA, Ohmae H, Saito M, Ogbonna JC. Bioethanol production under multiple stress condition by a new acid and temperature tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LC 269108 isolated from rotten fruits. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Aziz MFSA, Zakaria ZA. Oil Palm Biomass and Its Kinetic Transformation Properties. BIOSYNTHETIC TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES 2018:73-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7434-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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25
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Bello MM, Abdul Raman AA. Trend and current practices of palm oil mill effluent polishing: Application of advanced oxidation processes and their future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:170-182. [PMID: 28460324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of effluent. On average, palm oil mill effluent (POME) may contain up to 51, 000 mg/L COD, 25,000 mg/L BOD, 40,000 TS and 6000 mg/L oil and grease. Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, palm oil mills are required to treat the effluent prior to discharge. Biological treatments using open ponding system are widely used for POME treatment. Although these processes are capable of reducing the pollutant concentrations, they require long hydraulic retention time and large space, with the effluent frequently failing to satisfy the discharge regulation. Due to more stringent environmental regulations, research interest has recently shifted to the development of polishing technologies for the biologically-treated POME. Various technologies such as advanced oxidation processes, membrane technology, adsorption and coagulation have been investigated. Among these, advanced oxidation processes have shown potentials as polishing technologies for POME. This paper offers an overview on the POME polishing technologies, with particularly emphasis on advanced oxidation processes and their prospects for large scale applications. Although there are some challenges in large scale applications of these technologies, this review offers some perspectives that could help in overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Mohammed Bello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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26
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Amosa MK, Jami MS, Alkhatib MFR, Majozi T. Studies on pore blocking mechanism and technical feasibility of a hybrid PAC-MF process for reclamation of irrigation water from biotreated POME. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1192192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mutiu Kolade Amosa
- Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Saedi Jami
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ma’an Fahmi R. Alkhatib
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thokozani Majozi
- Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Abdullah MA, Ahmad A, Shah SMU, Shanab SMM, Ali HEA, Abo-State MAM, Othman MF. Integrated algal engineering for bioenergy generation, effluent remediation, and production of high-value bioactive compounds. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Anjum A, Zuber M, Zia KM, Noreen A, Anjum MN, Tabasum S. Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymers: A review of recent advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:161-74. [PMID: 27126172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mineral oil based plastics are important commodity to enhance the comfort and quality of life but the accumulation of these plastics in the environment has become a major universal problem due to their low biodegradation. Solution to the plastic waste management includes incineration, recycling and landfill disposal methods. These processes are very time consuming and expensive. Biopolymers are important alternatives to the petroleum-based plastics due to environment friendly manufacturing processes, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Therefore use of novel biopolymers, such as polylactide, polysaccharides, aliphatic polyesters and polyhydroxyalkanoates is of interest. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HA) produced from renewable resources by using microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds. Even though PHAs are promising candidate for biodegradable polymers, however, the production cost limit their application on an industrial scale. This article provides an overview of various substrates, microorganisms for the economical production of PHAs and its copolymers. Recent advances in PHAs to reduce the cost and to improve the performance of PHAs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbreen Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
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29
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Teh CY, Budiman PM, Shak KPY, Wu TY. Recent Advancement of Coagulation–Flocculation and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yang Teh
- Chemical
Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pretty Mori Budiman
- Chemical
Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Katrina Pui Yee Shak
- Chemical
Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Chemical
Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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30
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Mamimin C, Chaikitkaew S, Niyasom C, Kongjan P, O-Thong S. Effect of Operating Parameters on Process Stability of Continuous Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent under Thermophilic Condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Nor MHM, Mubarak MFM, Elmi HSA, Ibrahim N, Wahab MFA, Ibrahim Z. Bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell using natural microflora and isolated pure culture bacteria from anaerobic palm oil mill effluent sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:458-465. [PMID: 25799955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A double-chambered membrane microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed to investigate the potential use of natural microflora anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge and pure culture bacteria isolated from anaerobic POME sludge as inoculum for electricity generation. Sterilized final discharge POME was used as the substrate with no addition of nutrients. MFC operation using natural microflora anaerobic POME sludge showed a maximum power density and current density of 85.11mW/m(2) and 91.12mA/m(2) respectively. Bacterial identification using 16S rRNA analysis of the pure culture isolated from the biofilm on the anode MFC was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZH1. The electricity generated in MFC using P. aeruginosa strain ZH1 showed maximum power density and current density of 451.26mW/m(2) and 654.90mA/m(2) respectively which were five times higher in power density and seven times higher in current density compared to that of MFC using anaerobic POME sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Hanif Md Nor
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Fahmi Muhammad Mubarak
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassan Sh Abdirahman Elmi
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Firdaus Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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32
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Abd Rahman SR, Ku Hamid KH, Alias R, Abd Wahid N. Online Gas Chromatography of Hydrogen and Methane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effleunt (POME) Using High Frequency Ultrasonic Atomization: A Preliminary Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH 2015; 1113:684-689. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to directly analyze the production of hydrogen and methane gas from POME via high frequency ultrasonication atomization. The advantage of the currently common process was studied in regards to the application of low frequency ultrasonic pretreatment prior to biological processes; anaerobic digestion and fermentation for the production of methane and hydrogen gases respectively. Existing ultrasonic application is limited to sludge disintegration, reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) values and total solid, while subsequent biological processes take several days to produce gases. However, in this study, high frequency (2.4 MHz) ultrasonic atomization process was able to produce methane and hydrogen gases directly without any biological process. These gases were detected by using an online gas chromatography. The results from the ultrasonication process show that the production gases are consisted majorly of hydrogen compared to methane. Thus, high frequency ultrasonication process can be considered as an alternative method in rapid production of methane and hydrogen gases.
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Liew WL, Kassim MA, Muda K, Loh SK, Affam AC. Conventional methods and emerging wastewater polishing technologies for palm oil mill effluent treatment: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 149:222-235. [PMID: 25463585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Malaysian palm oil industry is a major revenue earner and the country is ranked as one of the largest producers in the world. However, growth of the industry is synonymous with a massive production of agro-industrial wastewater. As an environmental protection and public health concern, the highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a major attention-grabber. Hence, the industry is targeting for POME pollution abatement in order to promote a greener image of palm oil and to achieve sustainability. At present, most palm oil mills have adopted the ponding system for treatment. Due to the successful POME pollution abatement experiences, Malaysia is currently planning to revise the effluent quality standards towards a more stringent discharge limits. Hence, the current trend of POME research focuses on developing tertiary treatment or polishing systems for better effluent management. Biotechnologically-advanced POME tertiary (polishing) technologies as well as other physicochemical methods are gaining much attention as these processes are the key players to push the industry towards the goal of environmental sustainability. There are still ongoing treatment technologies being researched and the outcomes maybe available in a while. However, the research completed so far are compiled herein and reported for the first time to acquire a better perspective and insight on the subject with a view of meeting the new standards. To this end, the most feasible technology could be the combination of advanced biological processes (bioreactor systems) with extended aeration, followed by solids separation prior to discharge. Chemical dosing is favoured only if effluent of higher quality is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Loan Liew
- Water Research Alliance, Level 2, Block C07, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azraai Kassim
- Water Research Alliance, Level 2, Block C07, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Khalida Muda
- Water Research Alliance, Level 2, Block C07, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Soh Kheang Loh
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Chioma Affam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Budiman PM, Wu TY, Ramanan RN, Hay JXW. Treatment and Reuse of Effluents from Palm Oil, Pulp, and Paper Mills as a Combined Substrate by Using Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pretty Mori Budiman
- Chemical
Engineering
Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Chemical
Engineering
Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan
- Chemical
Engineering
Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jacqueline Xiao Wen Hay
- Chemical
Engineering
Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Jeong JY, Son SM, Pyon JH, Park JY. Performance comparison between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic reactors for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:122-128. [PMID: 24797939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out under mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions without long-time POME storage in order to compare the performance of each condition in the field of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The anaerobic treatment system was composed of anaerobic hybrid reactor and anaerobic baffled filter. Raw POME was pretreated by screw decanter to reduce suspended solids and residual oil. The total COD removal rate of 90-95% was achieved in both conditions at the OLR of 15kg[COD]/m(3)/d. The COD removal in thermophilic conditions was slightly better, however the biogas production was much higher than that in the mesophilic one at high OLR. The organic contents in pretreated POME were highly biodegradable in mesophilic under the lower OLRs. The biogas production was 13.5-20.0l/d at the 15kg[COD]/m(3)/d OLR, and the average content of carbon dioxide was 5-35% in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jeong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Son
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Pyon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yang Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Manickam S, Abidin NBZ, Parthasarathy S, Alzorqi I, Ng EH, Tiong TJ, Gomes RL, Ali A. Role of H2O2 in the fluctuating patterns of COD (chemical oxygen demand) during the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using pilot scale triple frequency ultrasound cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1519-1526. [PMID: 24485395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a highly contaminating wastewater due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Conventional treatment methods require longer residence time (10-15 days) and higher operating cost. Owing to this, finding a suitable and efficient method for the treatment of POME is crucial. In this investigation, ultrasound cavitation technology has been used as an alternative technique to treat POME. Cavitation is the phenomenon of formation, growth and collapse of bubbles in a liquid. The end process of collapse leads to intense conditions of temperature and pressure and shock waves which assist various physical and chemical transformations. Two different ultrasound systems i.e. ultrasonic bath (37 kHz) and a hexagonal triple frequency ultrasonic reactor (28, 40 and 70 kHz) of 15 L have been used. The results showed a fluctuating COD pattern (in between 45,000 and 60,000 mg/L) while using ultrasound bath alone, whereas a non-fluctuating COD pattern with a final COD of 27,000 mg/L was achieved when hydrogen peroxide was introduced. Similarly for the triple frequency ultrasound reactor, coupling all the three frequencies resulted into a final COD of 41,300 mg/L compared to any other individual or combination of two frequencies. With the possibility of larger and continuous ultrasonic cavitational reactors, it is believed that this could be a promising and a fruitful green process engineering technique for the treatment of POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhaida binti Zainal Abidin
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shridharan Parthasarathy
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Alzorqi
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ern Huay Ng
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Timm Joyce Tiong
- Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Process and Environmental Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Asgar Ali
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lim SL, Wu TY, Clarke C. Treatment and biotransformation of highly polluted agro-industrial wastewater from a palm oil mill into vermicompost using earthworms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:691-698. [PMID: 24372356 DOI: 10.1021/jf404265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this laboratory-scale study, earthworms were introduced as biodegraders of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is a wastewater produced from the wet process of palm oil milling. POME was absorbed into amendments (soil or rice straw) in different ratios as feedstocks for the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. The presence of earthworms led to significant increases in pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient content but decreases in the C/N ratio (0.687-75.8%), soluble chemical oxygen demand (19.7-87.9%), and volatile solids (0.687-52.7%). However, earthworm growth was reduced in all treatments by the end of the treatment process. Rice straw was a better amendment/absorbent relative to soil, with a higher nutrient content and greater reduction in soluble chemical oxygen demand with a lower C/N ratio in the vermicompost. Among all treatments investigated, the treatment with 1 part rice straw and 3 parts POME (w/v) (RS1:3) produced the best quality vermicompost with high nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lin Lim
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering and ‡School of Science, Monash University , Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Asih DR, Alam Z, Salleh N, Salihu A. Pilot-Scale Production of Lipase Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent as a Basal Medium and Its Immobilization by Selected Materials. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:779-85. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Juliano P, Swiergon P, Lee KH, Gee PT, Clarke PT, Augustin MA. Effects of Pilot Plant-Scale Ultrasound on Palm Oil Separation and Oil Quality. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wong YS, Teng TT, Ong SA, Norhashimah M, Rafatullah M, Lee HC. Anaerobic Acidogenesis Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Suspended Closed Anaerobic Bioreactor (SCABR) at Mesophilic Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Singh L, Siddiqui MF, Ahmad A, Rahim MHA, Sakinah M, Wahid ZA. Application of polyethylene glycol immobilized Clostridium sp. LS2 for continuous hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Microbial communities and their performances in anaerobic hybrid sludge bed-fixed film reactor for treatment of palm oil mill effluent under various organic pollutant concentrations. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:902707. [PMID: 22927723 PMCID: PMC3425962 DOI: 10.1155/2012/902707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic hybrid reactor consisting of sludge and packed zones was operated with organic pollutant loading rates from 6.2 to 8.2 g COD/L day, composed mainly of suspended solids (SS) and oil and grease (O&G) concentrations between 5.2 to 10.2 and 0.9 to 1.9 g/L, respectively. The overall process performance in terms of chemical oxygen demands (COD), SS, and O&G removals was 73, 63, and 56%, respectively. When the organic pollutant concentrations were increased, the resultant methane potentials were higher, and the methane yield increased to 0.30 L CH4/g CODremoved. It was observed these effects on the microbial population and activity in the sludge and packed zones. The eubacterial population and activity in the sludge zone increased to 6.4 × 109 copies rDNA/g VSS and 1.65 g COD/g VSS day, respectively, whereas those in the packed zone were lower. The predominant hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria were Pseudomonas, Clostridium, and Bacteroidetes. In addition, the archaeal population and activity in the packed zone were increased from to 9.1 × 107 copies rDNA/g VSS and 0.34 g COD-CH4/g VSS day, respectively, whereas those in the sludge zone were not much changed. The most represented species of methanogens were the acetoclastic Methanosaeta, the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium sp., and the hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiaceae.
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Arthur R, Glover K. Biomethane potential of the POME generated in the palm oil industry in Ghana from 2002 to 2009. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:155-160. [PMID: 22406099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The palm oil industry experienced significant improvement in its production level from 2002 to 2009 from the established companies, medium scale mills (MSM), small scale and other private holdings (SS and OPH) groups. However, the same cannot be said for treatment of the palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced. The quantity of crude palm oil (CPO) produced in Ghana from 2002 to 2009 and IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, specifically on industrial wastewater were used in this study. During this period about 10 million cubic metres of POME was produced translating into biomethane potential of 38.5 million m(3) with equivalent of 388.29 GW h of energy. A linear growth model developed to predict the equivalent carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions indicates that if the biomethane is not harnessed then by 2015 the untreated POME could produce 0.58 million tCO(2)-eq and is expected to increase to 0.70 million tCO(2)-eq by 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Arthur
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Box KF 981, Koforidua, Ghana.
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44
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Burri BJ. Evaluating Global Barriers to the Use of Red Palm Oil as an Intervention Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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45
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Hii KL, Yeap SP, Mashitah MD. Cellulase production from palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia: Economical and technical perspectives. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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46
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Fang C, O-Thong S, Boe K, Angelidaki I. Comparison of UASB and EGSB reactors performance, for treatment of raw and deoiled palm oil mill effluent (POME). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:229-234. [PMID: 21377272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and deoiled POME was investigated both in batch assays and continuous reactor experiments using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. The methane potential determined from batch assays of POME and deoiled POME was 503 and 610 mL-CH(4)/gVS-added, respectively. For the treatment of POME in continuously fed reactors, both in UASB and EGSB reactors more than 90% COD removal could be obtained, at HRT of 5 days, corresponding to OLR of 5.8 gVS/(L-reactor.d). Similar methane yields of 436-438 mL-CH(4)/gVS-added were obtained for UASB and EGSB respectively. However, for treatment of deoiled POME, both UASB and EGSB reactors could operate at lower OLR of 2.6 gVS/(L-reactor.d), with the methane yield of 600 and 555 mL-CH(4)/gVS-added for UASB and EGSB, respectively. The higher methane yield achieved from the deoiled POME was attributed to lower portion of biofibers which are more recalcitrant compared the rest of organic matter in POME. The UASB reactor was found to be more stable than EGSB reactor under the same OLR, as could be seen from lower VFA concentration, especially propionic acid, compared to the EGSB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Solid substrate fermentation for cellulase production using palm kernel cake as a renewable lignocellulosic source in packed-bed bioreactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Optimization of lipase production by Candida cylindracea in palm oil mill effluent based medium using statistical experimental design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Saleh AF, Kamarudin E, Yaacob AB, Yussof AW, Abdullah M. Optimization of biomethane production by anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent using response surface methodology. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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